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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with

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Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello everyone,

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Speaker 1: welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulette and

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Speaker 1: I am an editor at how stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: Sitting across from me as always a senior writer, Jonathan Strickland.

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Speaker 1: Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end

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Speaker 1: of the western spiral arm of the galaxy lies a small,

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Speaker 1: unregarded yellow sun. That's a nice quote to uh to

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Speaker 1: begin this episode. That has a lot to do with light. Yes,

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Speaker 1: And this comes courtesy of a little Facebook feedback you

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Speaker 1: and this Facebook feedback says, Hey, guys, I love your

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Speaker 1: podcast and I listened to them on my downtime. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: I've done a search on how stuff works website on

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Speaker 1: oh Lad, I noticed a very technical article written on

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Speaker 1: the website. However, I was wondering if you guys would

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Speaker 1: be willing to give your take on it. How do

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Speaker 1: they stack up to L DAN plasma where the differences

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Speaker 1: between the different types of old maybe explain the differences

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Speaker 1: between L ed O, LAD, etcetera. Thanks, Um, Yeah, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna sit there and talk a little bit about oh LEDs,

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Speaker 1: what they are, what they do, how they how they

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Speaker 1: are different from other technologies. Uh, and it's interesting stuff.

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Speaker 1: In fact, I think by when I first started at

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Speaker 1: how stuff works, Oh lads, we're still very very much

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Speaker 1: in the prototype stage, and you didn't really see anything

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Speaker 1: on the market at that time, the consumer market anyway,

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Speaker 1: they had an o LED type screen and now they're

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Speaker 1: much later in the prototype stage. But we're kidding the lads. Actually,

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Speaker 1: now we're getting to the point where we're finally seeing

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Speaker 1: them scaled up to large screen TVs. But for a

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Speaker 1: long time, the biggest screen you're gonna get with something

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Speaker 1: like eleven inches. Yeah. Well, the genesis of my joke

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Speaker 1: being that people who are really interested in old technology

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Speaker 1: have been waiting for them to come out for a

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Speaker 1: very long time. It seems like they're uh, they've been

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Speaker 1: in development of some kind for a for a long

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Speaker 1: long time. They've been actually pretty common in smaller screens

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Speaker 1: like smartphone screens for example. Um, they're they're really great

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Speaker 1: for that. They use less energy than a lot of

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Speaker 1: the other technologies and they're excellent for that. But that's

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Speaker 1: you know, getting them scaled up has taken a long time,

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Speaker 1: and the people who have been waiting I'm gonna buy

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Speaker 1: an old TV, like, well, you know, I wouldn't hold

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Speaker 1: my breath. Well, but finally they're starting to hit now.

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Speaker 1: But and and also the other thing people have been

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Speaker 1: waiting for, and it's one of the types we'll talk

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Speaker 1: about in a little a little further in in the

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Speaker 1: podcast is the flexible oh Lady, that idea of having

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Speaker 1: a display that is actually malleable, that you can bend

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Speaker 1: it around things. And you know, you might use that

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Speaker 1: to have a foldable display. That's what a lot of

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Speaker 1: people talk about. But there are other things you could

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Speaker 1: use it for, Like you could use it in displays,

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Speaker 1: say in a store where you've got round columns, and

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Speaker 1: you could have a display wrapping around this round column. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: things like that. Well, yeah, and it's uh. And that's

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Speaker 1: the thing about it. I think, um, despite the fact

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Speaker 1: that it's taken a while to get larger oh lad screens,

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Speaker 1: the technology will be worth the way. But I think

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Speaker 1: it's uh. I think it is a good idea to

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Speaker 1: go ahead and talk about the similarities. And there I

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Speaker 1: think three major similarities between the technologies red, green, and blue. Yeah. Light. Well,

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Speaker 1: the purpose of all all the technologies we're talking about here,

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Speaker 1: you know, plasma, l c D and UH you know

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Speaker 1: the oh lads or LED screens and organic LED screens. UM.

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Speaker 1: You know, it's it's to display information and it shows

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Speaker 1: us light. UM. The trick is really how they go

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Speaker 1: about doing that. And we've talked about some of the

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Speaker 1: other technologies in the past, like for example, plasma uses

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Speaker 1: UH gases ionized gas and basically you they show the

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Speaker 1: different colors by running a charge through the gas and

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Speaker 1: then look like l c D uses liquid crystals, and

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Speaker 1: these liquid crystals actually form a barrier between light and

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Speaker 1: the clear part of the screen, and then the l

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Speaker 1: c D s, through various running an electric current through

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Speaker 1: change shape and that allows light to pass through and

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Speaker 1: there's some color filters in there and that's where we

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Speaker 1: get the displays through that. So that's a liquid crystal display.

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Speaker 1: L E D s are light emitting diodes and we've

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Speaker 1: had those around for for quite some time and they're

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Speaker 1: pretty efficient. They're more efficient than a lot of other

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Speaker 1: forms of lighting. But an O l e D, as

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Speaker 1: Chris had mentioned, is an organic light emitting diode and

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Speaker 1: you might think, well, what how that huh, And it

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Speaker 1: really comes down to, uh, kind of a an organic sandwich. Yes,

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Speaker 1: And the thing is, uh, they're not terribly different from

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Speaker 1: from the typical L E. D s, but it's it

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Speaker 1: really comes down to the materials used to make that sandwich.

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Speaker 1: So they're they're they're very in alright. So an O

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Speaker 1: L ED it's it's solid state, all right, And it

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Speaker 1: is usually between one hundred to five hundred nanometers thick,

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Speaker 1: which is pretty thin. That's according to uh to most estimates.

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Speaker 1: And this does change from one source to another, but

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Speaker 1: it's about two hundred times thinner than a human hair

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Speaker 1: in diameter. Now, human hair is actually come into a

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Speaker 1: variety of diameters. It's like one person's hair might be

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Speaker 1: thinner than another's. Uh. Some people have clear hair like me,

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Speaker 1: My hair is invisible to the human eye. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then you rate the two hundred it's an average,

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Speaker 1: so it's two hundred times smaller than the diameter of

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Speaker 1: human hair. And uh, it's they're different layers within this sandwich, right,

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Speaker 1: and that's what is creating the light that you see.

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Speaker 1: And there's the basics the the bread on the sandwich,

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Speaker 1: if you will, is our pair of electrodes. Right, You've

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Speaker 1: got your cathode and you've got your anode. Now, technically

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Speaker 1: you also have the substrate. The substrate is the foundation

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Speaker 1: that the lad sits upon, So substrate is also part

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Speaker 1: of this, but I'm looking mostly at the components that

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Speaker 1: actually make the old work. Right. So, yeah, you've got

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Speaker 1: the cathode and the anode, and you've got the jobs

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Speaker 1: of the cathode and the anode are to create a

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Speaker 1: circuit for electricity to flow through, right right, The electrons

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Speaker 1: flow from one to the other, from the cathode to

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Speaker 1: the anode. And in a way you have to kind

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Speaker 1: of think of this in uh interesting terms, like, so

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Speaker 1: cathode is injecting negative particles into this o led sandwich. Yes,

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Speaker 1: I am positive that they are negative electrons, is what

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Speaker 1: cathodes are putting into their The anode is creating well

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Speaker 1: what we call them electron holes. They're positive. It's they

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Speaker 1: turn an element into a positively charged element. They actually

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Speaker 1: pull electrons out of it and so now it's positively charged.

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Speaker 1: So that means that the electrons coming from the cathode

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Speaker 1: are attracted toward the anode. Side. Hey, you're pretty cute,

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Speaker 1: and so it has to pass through the other layers

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Speaker 1: of the sandwich. And there are two or three other

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Speaker 1: layers depending on the type of o ledge you're looking at,

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Speaker 1: but really the two layer is the most common, so

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Speaker 1: I'll just stick with that. So you've got your emissive layer,

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Speaker 1: this is the layer that actually emits light, and you

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Speaker 1: have your conductive layer, which is the layer that attracts

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Speaker 1: the electrons through the other materials. So if we're looking

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Speaker 1: at top to bottom and the bottom is the substrate,

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Speaker 1: then the top layer is your cathode. Next down you

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Speaker 1: have your emissive layer, that's where the light comes through.

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Speaker 1: Then you have your conductive layer that's what's pulling the

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Speaker 1: electrons down. Then you have the anode layer. That's what's

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Speaker 1: really pulling the electrons down. It's what's allowing the conductive

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Speaker 1: layer to pull these electrons through. And then you have

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Speaker 1: the substrate. So, uh, why are we getting light? Boy?

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Speaker 1: This this gets into some interesting physics here. Okay, So

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Speaker 1: you've got the electrons coming through from one side, you've

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Speaker 1: got the electron holes coming through from the other side.

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Speaker 1: So in a way, you can think of negative charge

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Speaker 1: and positive charge. I know that sounds weird, but just

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Speaker 1: go with me here. And when those two meet, the

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Speaker 1: molecule that they meet at becomes UH actually drops an

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Speaker 1: electron into that positive hole and as a result there

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Speaker 1: is a difference in energy. It releases some energy as

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Speaker 1: a result of that that reaction, and that energy is

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Speaker 1: released in the form of a photon. And we've talked

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Speaker 1: about this before about how if you excite an atom,

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Speaker 1: you know, by telling you it's going to this new

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Speaker 1: world or something, and the electrons move to a higher

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Speaker 1: energy state. When those electrons move back down, once that

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Speaker 1: energy has has been removed from the system, once the

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Speaker 1: electrons moved back down, they have to release that extra energy,

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Speaker 1: and they often will do this in the form of photons,

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Speaker 1: which we perceive as light. That's exactly what's going on here. Actually,

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Speaker 1: I saw a great video on this UH at m

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Speaker 1: I t S site where a professor was explaining how

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Speaker 1: oh LED's work by shocking the heck out of a pickle.

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Speaker 1: He had a had a cathode and an anode um

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Speaker 1: attached to a pickle and was running a very high

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Speaker 1: electric current through it, which was making the pickle glow.

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Speaker 1: And it was this is what was happening. You had

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Speaker 1: the positive charge in the negative charge meeting and the

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Speaker 1: molecules where it met at that's where it was releasing

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Speaker 1: this electron and uh and and releasing a photon or

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Speaker 1: or it was the electron states were moving down and

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Speaker 1: the photons were being released, and that's why we were

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Speaker 1: getting light. Um. Pretty cool. Actually, I kind of wanted

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Speaker 1: to build one, except for the fact that I'm sure

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Speaker 1: I would probably electric you myself. For a second there,

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Speaker 1: I thought you were girk in my chain. Anyway, So

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Speaker 1: when we're talking about electricity, we're not talking about a lot.

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Speaker 1: These are pretty efficient, so we're talking in a realm

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Speaker 1: of just a few volts that are needed in order

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Speaker 1: to excite these molecules so that they emit light. That's

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Speaker 1: one of the major benefits of old screens is that

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Speaker 1: they don't require as much electricity as some others. You know,

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Speaker 1: of course, plasma TVs are are notorious for using a

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Speaker 1: lot of electricity. Well, you have to keep pouring in

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Speaker 1: electricity to keep that gas ionized. So yeah, plasma display

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Speaker 1: is not They've gotten a lot better last years, but

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Speaker 1: is it is by its very nature, is not the

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Speaker 1: most environmentally friendly way of creating a television. Not that

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Speaker 1: TV is terribly environmentally friendly no matter how you do it,

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Speaker 1: but but it's it's less So yeah, plasma has a

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Speaker 1: reputation for being for being less energy friendly. So yeah,

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Speaker 1: there there there have been some better ones, but still uh.

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Speaker 1: And those two different layers of molecules are are are organic,

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Speaker 1: but they're organic plastic. It's pretty cool organic plastic like

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Speaker 1: poly anelyin and polyfluorine. Okay, all right, you know, Pollyanna,

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Speaker 1: you know when you when you say we're organic plastic,

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Speaker 1: that sort of sounds like it's oxymoronic, like you know

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Speaker 1: organ chuah wa Um. Well that that's actually um. We

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Speaker 1: should talk about to the different types of oh leads

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Speaker 1: because there are r G b OH lead screens and

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Speaker 1: then there's the white lead screen UM, which sort of

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Speaker 1: uses a color sandwich to UM and by by activating red, green,

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Speaker 1: and blue, you get white UM. And uh you know

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Speaker 1: those the red, green, and blue are are pressed together

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Speaker 1: in the same pixel. So by doing that you can

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Speaker 1: you can have the have basically a pure white UM

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Speaker 1: and it's it. It works a little slightly differently than

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Speaker 1: than the others simply because of that UM there are

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Speaker 1: people say that it has a longer life than the

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Speaker 1: traditional OH lead screens UM, but that is supposed to

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Speaker 1: be one of the advantages of it. UM and it's

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Speaker 1: also possible to, uh to scale the white OH lead

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Speaker 1: screens up a little easier from what I understand. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's also been talked about as a potential replacement for

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Speaker 1: things like fluorescent lights, where not just for displays, but

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Speaker 1: for actual lighting, because that's it's even more efficient than

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Speaker 1: fluorescent lighting is. And uh, you know you don't have

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Speaker 1: that mercury that you gotta worry about that's in fluorescent lights. Yeah, guys,

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Speaker 1: if you have those little fluorescent bulbs, which are you know,

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Speaker 1: more energy efficient that incandescent bulbs, will good on you,

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Speaker 1: but be very careful with them, yes, because those suckers

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Speaker 1: do contain some very toxic chemicals in them that can

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Speaker 1: be very dangerous. Yes, you do not want to bust them, right,

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Speaker 1: So the O lead lights might be a nice alternative

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Speaker 1: to that, you know, if if it's efficient enough so

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Speaker 1: that they make economic sense to the consumer, because you know,

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Speaker 1: you gotta worry about that, uh, And also the fact

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Speaker 1: that they don't have these toxic chemicals necessarily inside them.

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Speaker 1: If they are just as efficient or more so, then

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Speaker 1: makes perfect sense to go and switch to it. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: There are actually several different types of oh lad screens

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Speaker 1: and no lead displays. We talked about the foldable oh lads.

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Speaker 1: Now these are using a substrate that is flexible. So

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Speaker 1: you know, your typical substrate. When I think of substrate,

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Speaker 1: I think of something that is that is, you know,

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Speaker 1: pretty solid, or sometimes it can be a little brittle

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Speaker 1: or whatever, but it doesn't bend. It's not bendy bindy. Right. Well,

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Speaker 1: the the idea of being that you're going to build

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Speaker 1: your circuit material on top of this material. So I

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Speaker 1: mean you're this it's a board, so you you know,

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Speaker 1: you're I'm going to add the stuff to it, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Usually you want something that's fairly solid, although you know,

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Speaker 1: obviously for other applications you would need something that's flexible.

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Speaker 1: Let's say that you want to create a display on

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Speaker 1: say a jacket, which might very well be something not

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Speaker 1: necessarily that the consumer would ever see. But let's say

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Speaker 1: an advertising company creates this, uh, this type of of

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Speaker 1: jacket that can have a flexible screen on the back

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Speaker 1: of it, and then next thing, you know, You've got

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Speaker 1: this new way for at trade shows where people can

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Speaker 1: show off cool technology and it's literally playing on their backs. Um.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I could even imagine it going so far

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Speaker 1: as to, let's see, you've got a courier service and

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Speaker 1: you are sponsored, and they run ads on your back

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Speaker 1: as you're you're a bike courier. I look forward to

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Speaker 1: seeing that. I look forward to seeing all the accidents

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Speaker 1: that will happen as a result of people turning their

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Speaker 1: heads to see what to watch. Yeah, they're like, I'm

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Speaker 1: want to follow this guy another mile. I have to

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Speaker 1: see how this turns out. Clearly that if you did that,

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Speaker 1: you'd have to make very visually stunning types of ads

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Speaker 1: that don't need any audio. That would be that that

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Speaker 1: would be the real challenge there. Look, I'm just trying.

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Speaker 1: I'm just I'm just trying to create some jobs out there.

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Speaker 1: That's what I'm trying to do. Okay, But you also

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Speaker 1: have you have your passive matrix. Oh lad, Now passive matrix,

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Speaker 1: Oh lads. You know we talked about the cathodes and

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Speaker 1: the anodes. Well that's not necessarily a sheet on top

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Speaker 1: of you know, when I said sandwich, it sounds like

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Speaker 1: you're talking about solid sheet, that's not necessarily the case,

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Speaker 1: although that can be done a passive matrix. Oh lad.

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Speaker 1: What it does is it it arranges the cathodes and

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Speaker 1: anodes into strips. And one says strips are vertical and

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Speaker 1: the other sets strips are horizontal. So you could think

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Speaker 1: of it like all the anodes are streets and all

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Speaker 1: the cathodes are avenues. So at these intersections where the

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Speaker 1: cathode and anode meat, that's where you have your pixels,

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Speaker 1: and your pixels of course, that's the point of light.

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Speaker 1: So when you talk about how many picks soles that

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Speaker 1: display has at so many points of light it is

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Speaker 1: capable of displaying at one time more than that. It

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Speaker 1: would be a very low resolution television. Uh. The So

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Speaker 1: this is one way of doing that where you have

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Speaker 1: the just at the intersections of these strips, that's where

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Speaker 1: the pixels are uh. Not terribly efficient compared to other

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Speaker 1: oh lads and uh And also for all of these screens,

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Speaker 1: if you're wondering about controlling brightness, that's a function of

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Speaker 1: how much electricity is flowing through the system. If you're

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Speaker 1: pouring more juice into it, it's going to be brighter,

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Speaker 1: less juice not as bright, which makes sense. Uh. Next

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Speaker 1: we have the active matrix, oh lad, and this has

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Speaker 1: a full sheet of the cathode and and it's sort

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Speaker 1: of like the sandwich example I was giving earlier. So

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Speaker 1: in this case, there is a film transistor that is

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Speaker 1: uh gotta. It's an anode layer overlay, and that's what

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Speaker 1: forms the matrix. Uh, not the kind that NEO goes

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Speaker 1: through with all the zeros and ones, but this in

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Speaker 1: the it forms the same feature as the intersections on

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Speaker 1: the passive matrix. Oh lead, tank, I need an exit. O. Gosh, wow,

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Speaker 1: out of all of those, you know, I'm surprised you

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Speaker 1: didn't say I know kung fu or just whoa uh

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Speaker 1: you got your transparent Oh lads, Now these are really

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Speaker 1: super cool. Like everything every single element in this oh

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Speaker 1: lead is transparent. So when light is uh is flowing

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Speaker 1: through this system, then you see it projected within a

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Speaker 1: clear screen, and when it's not, you can just look

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Speaker 1: through the screen. Now, this is used in things like

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Speaker 1: heads up displays. So you know, you're talking exactly, flying

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Speaker 1: a plane, driving a car, whatever, If you've got a

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Speaker 1: heads up display that can show within the uh the

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Speaker 1: wind screen or or cockpit screen or whatever. That is

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Speaker 1: very likely a transparent oh lead. I've also seen this

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Speaker 1: used in smart windows, which was something new. I mean

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Speaker 1: I had heard about smart windows before, but it was

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Speaker 1: the first time I had seen one. Was at CS

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Speaker 1: where I think it was Samsung that had it, where

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Speaker 1: it's a smart window that could display information and it

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Speaker 1: could do things that give you like little information like

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Speaker 1: news items or the weather or whatever. Although when you're

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Speaker 1: looking out a window, if you need a weather report,

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Speaker 1: when you're looking out a window, you're not being terribly observant. Well,

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Speaker 1: it might be nice to know what the temperature is

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Speaker 1: going to be open the window. Oh okay, alright, so

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Speaker 1: you're looking at the future forecast. Alright, fine, fine, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you know, all right, okay, and I withdraw my objection.

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Speaker 1: Uh what about active matrix I talked about those. That's

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Speaker 1: the one with the that's the one with a thin

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Speaker 1: film transistor. Do you want I just okay? They used

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Speaker 1: as a lot in the phones. So oh yes, yes, yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: that's the one that does have that thin film transistor

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Speaker 1: I was talking about. That's the one that ends up

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Speaker 1: taking the place of the intersections. The thin film transistor

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Speaker 1: itself has the connections on it on the anode side

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Speaker 1: where it activates where the pixels are, and these pixels

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Speaker 1: are active. The fact that they are so thin is

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Speaker 1: the benefit when you're talking about these electronic devices. But

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Speaker 1: it makes it so much easier to uh, you know,

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Speaker 1: fit it into these tablet form factors and smartphones. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if we were still using if we were using things

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Speaker 1: like l c D technology for all of these devices,

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Speaker 1: they would be significantly or at least noticeably larger, like

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Speaker 1: thicker and and somewhat heavier, and I mean heavy being

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Speaker 1: a relative thing. But in the case of it, every

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Speaker 1: ounce counts. Yeah, in a tablet or something like that,

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Speaker 1: you know, if it adds six ounces. Yeah. There's one

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Speaker 1: more type of O lead talk about, which is the

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Speaker 1: top emitting OH lead. And this has got a substrate

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Speaker 1: that is either opaque or reflective, and they are often used.

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Speaker 1: This is often uh like this, this is just one

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Speaker 1: subtype of O lead. It can actually be combined with

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Speaker 1: another type of A lead. So in other words, that

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Speaker 1: active matrix old we were just talking about, that method

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Speaker 1: of display could be combined with the top admitting OH lead. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And this is something that's often used in things like

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Speaker 1: smart cards, so lots of different applications of oh leads,

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Speaker 1: not just uh displays on phones or UM or TVs

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Speaker 1: or or even you know, computer monitors that kind of thing. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It's interesting because even though it sounds pretty complex, really

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Speaker 1: it's simpler than things like l c D technology. It is.

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Speaker 1: It is much simpler in the grand scheme of things, um,

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Speaker 1: even though it's more advanced technology, and it's taken years

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Speaker 1: to kind of get the prototype, the manufacturing process efficient

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Speaker 1: enough so that we can build screens that are at

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Speaker 1: the size that we're used to. Even so, you know,

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Speaker 1: we have mentioned that, yes, there are television screens coming out,

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Speaker 1: like large ones TVs that use o LAD displays. They

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Speaker 1: are incredibly thin, like to the point where you can't

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Speaker 1: even really get a good picture of them when you

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Speaker 1: look at them in a profile. Um. However, they also

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Speaker 1: tend to cost a princely some Yes, that's what I

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Speaker 1: was getting at, is that we have reached the point

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Speaker 1: where the manufacturing process has allowed us to build these,

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Speaker 1: but they're still prohibitively expensive. For I'd say the majority

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Speaker 1: of the consumer market. New TV is likely to cost

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Speaker 1: you several thousand dollars we're talking like ten grand, easy,

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Speaker 1: ten thousand dollars for oh lad screen easy. Um that

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Speaker 1: that's a lot of money for a new television set.

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Speaker 1: I would not be prepared to spend that much on

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Speaker 1: a TV. And if you're talking about using a competing

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Speaker 1: technology that costs say one fifth of that, you know

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Speaker 1: or or or yeah or less depends I think the

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00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:06,320
Speaker 1: last thing. So for example, I I purchased an l

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Speaker 1: E D l c D h D t V for

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Speaker 1: um way less than that, like less than a tenth

384
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Speaker 1: of that. And so you look at that and you're

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Speaker 1: you're saying, yeah, the the technology, the display technology is

386
00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:27,160
Speaker 1: clearly superior in that, clearly clearly hauh, in that it's

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00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:30,840
Speaker 1: got a very crisp picture. The colors are are very

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Speaker 1: true true blacks. Yes, because you don't have that backlighting,

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Speaker 1: just like plasma. Plasma does not have backlighting, but l

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Speaker 1: c D does, which is why if you've ever had

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Speaker 1: l c D television, new mine is an l c

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Speaker 1: D t D. It's just backlit by l E D S. Yeah,

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00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:47,879
Speaker 1: so that's why l E D l c D. Yeah.

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00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:50,639
Speaker 1: So when you both but but if you're watching in

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Speaker 1: a dark room and it's a scene that is like

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Speaker 1: someone walks into a pitch black room in a house,

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Speaker 1: or there's suddenly like a blindfolds put on or whatever.

398
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Speaker 1: You start to notice like, wait a minute, my my

399
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:06,480
Speaker 1: screen is actually kind of glowing, like it's not really black,

400
00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:08,920
Speaker 1: it's just really dark and I can see that there's

401
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:12,040
Speaker 1: light trying to shine through. Hey, it's pitch gray in there. Yeah,

402
00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:15,200
Speaker 1: that's not a true black. But oh leads and uh

403
00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:19,280
Speaker 1: and true l a ed TVs and um uh plasma

404
00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:22,760
Speaker 1: TVs they have true blacks where because there's no light

405
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,920
Speaker 1: coming through right that that part of the screen is inactive,

406
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,240
Speaker 1: So it's as dark as it's gonna get. Um. Yeah,

407
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:32,720
Speaker 1: So that's another nice thing that the color ratios on

408
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:37,400
Speaker 1: these contrast ratios are really really good. The but yeah,

409
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Speaker 1: it's even though it's superior, it's just it's gonna take

410
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Speaker 1: a while before that price is gonna drop low enough

411
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Speaker 1: for it to be within the reach of the average consumer,

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Speaker 1: I think. Yeah. And the flexible displays are are always

413
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Speaker 1: off too. I think those will probably we'll price see

414
00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:56,960
Speaker 1: those used in commercial projects first. Oh sure, well, I

415
00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:58,639
Speaker 1: mean that's where the money is. People are gonna be

416
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Speaker 1: willing to spend that for their company to do advertising

417
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:06,280
Speaker 1: or to do whatever. Um, I'm sure some mobile will

418
00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:13,160
Speaker 1: add them to their UM sports stadium. Yeah. Now eventually,

419
00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:16,320
Speaker 1: look at what I got. Yeah, eventually we may see

420
00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:19,800
Speaker 1: that incorporate into consumer goods. Like I could imagine a

421
00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,400
Speaker 1: like an o LED bracelet, right, like a thick oh

422
00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:26,200
Speaker 1: lad bracelet that fits around your wrist. It can display

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Speaker 1: the time, and it can do other stuff. Sure where

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00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:31,080
Speaker 1: it would be really thin, so you can have one

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00:24:31,119 --> 00:24:33,960
Speaker 1: that is you know, you can even get some of

426
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:36,000
Speaker 1: different lengths, so you can get one that fits your

427
00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,239
Speaker 1: wrist really snugly, and then you can show all this

428
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:45,840
Speaker 1: uh this UM content off, yes snugly, and the battery

429
00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:48,560
Speaker 1: and and processor and everything would be on the underside

430
00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:51,600
Speaker 1: of it, so it's not always on display. Uh that

431
00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:54,200
Speaker 1: unless you're you know, a nurse, in which cases the

432
00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:57,680
Speaker 1: other way around. Uh the But yeah, that I could

433
00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:01,639
Speaker 1: easily see that happening further down the line. Um, And

434
00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:04,760
Speaker 1: the potential for oh LEDs is pretty high. I mean we're,

435
00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:08,040
Speaker 1: like I said, we've already seen it in consumer goods

436
00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:13,280
Speaker 1: like like smartphones and tablets, where it's really helped make

437
00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:15,720
Speaker 1: these things as sleek and slender as they possibly can be.

438
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:18,640
Speaker 1: I can't wait to see. By the time this podcast

439
00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:21,000
Speaker 1: goes out, we'll know more about it. But I can't

440
00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:25,479
Speaker 1: wait to see how the new iPad looks. Um and

441
00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:27,840
Speaker 1: I'm sure that it's going to be using an organic

442
00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:31,439
Speaker 1: light emitting diode screen, possibly a retina display. We don't know,

443
00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:34,000
Speaker 1: because as we're recording this, it's the week before Apple

444
00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:36,840
Speaker 1: has its big announcement. Maybe it won't be an iPad

445
00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:39,280
Speaker 1: at all. Yeah, that's true, And I could come out

446
00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:43,520
Speaker 1: that the March seven, uh discussion it has nothing to

447
00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:45,480
Speaker 1: do with an iPad, in which case I'll just be like, well,

448
00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,400
Speaker 1: I guess we're waiting around. But I would be surprised

449
00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:51,399
Speaker 1: to see that because the iPad two came out in

450
00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:55,639
Speaker 1: March last year. Yeah, whenever south By Southwest rolls around,

451
00:25:56,080 --> 00:25:59,480
Speaker 1: that's when it's time for a new iPad. Al right, guys, Well,

452
00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:02,760
Speaker 1: I think that wraps up our discussion on oh LEDs. Uh.

453
00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:05,920
Speaker 1: They're pretty cool and yeah, if you want to learn

454
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:08,120
Speaker 1: more about them, please go to how stuff works dot

455
00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:10,760
Speaker 1: com and look at how oh LEDs work. We have

456
00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:13,040
Speaker 1: a lot of of information on it. There are a

457
00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:17,160
Speaker 1: lot of different illustrations that show this process of the

458
00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:19,600
Speaker 1: electrons moving from the cathode to the an out and

459
00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:24,840
Speaker 1: exactly how that creates the the light that these layers

460
00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:27,520
Speaker 1: are emitting. Um, it's very interesting stuff and it makes

461
00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:29,640
Speaker 1: it a lot easier to understand. If you find this

462
00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:32,240
Speaker 1: discussion at all confusing, I recommend you check it out.

463
00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:34,760
Speaker 1: And uh, while are you there, look at some of

464
00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:37,399
Speaker 1: the other articles on the side too, because they're pretty awesome.

465
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:39,840
Speaker 1: And I put a lot of time into writing some

466
00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:44,400
Speaker 1: of these, and and and and I get lonely. Uh.

467
00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,119
Speaker 1: If you have any suggestions for topics you would like

468
00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:50,400
Speaker 1: us to cover, well, boy, do I have the advice

469
00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:53,280
Speaker 1: for you? You can write us our email addresses tech

470
00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:57,040
Speaker 1: stuff at Discovery dot com, or you can contact us

471
00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,959
Speaker 1: on Facebook or Twitter. Are handled. There is tech stuff

472
00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:02,439
Speaker 1: hs W and Chris and I will talk to you

473
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:07,600
Speaker 1: again really soon. Be sure to check out our new

474
00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:11,040
Speaker 1: video podcast, Stuff from the Future. Join how Stuff Work

475
00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:14,640
Speaker 1: staff as we explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities

476
00:27:14,680 --> 00:27:18,560
Speaker 1: of tomorrow. The House Stuff Works iPhone app has arrived.

477
00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:25,840
Speaker 1: Download it today on iTunes, brought to you by the

478
00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:29,200
Speaker 1: reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready. Are you