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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With
Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff Works dot com. Hi there, everybody,
Speaker 1: welcome to tech Stuff. My name is Chris Pollett. I'm
Speaker 1: an editor here at how Stuff Works, and with me
Speaker 1: as usual is senior writer Jonathan Strickland. Hey there, So
Speaker 1: I got a little topic I want to talk about today,
Speaker 1: very little, tiny. In fact, you might call it nano. Yes,
Speaker 1: in fact, we would, because that's the topic technology. Everybody.
Speaker 1: Everybody's doing nano. Yeah, everyone is, and depending on who
Speaker 1: you talked to, it's either gonna destroy the world or
Speaker 1: rescue it. Yeah. So, um, what's the big deal? So
Speaker 1: to speak? The big deal is that it's a very
Speaker 1: very little deal. In fact, one billionth of a deal,
Speaker 1: or a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. And uh,
Speaker 1: to give you an idea of how tiny this is,
Speaker 1: the average human hair is one hundred micrometers in diameter. Now,
Speaker 1: a micrometer is a thousand nanometers, so that means that
Speaker 1: the average human hair is one hundred thousand nanometers in diameter.
Speaker 1: I should point out that that's average. I've seen a
Speaker 1: number of numbers. Yeah, it is usually between sixty and one.
Speaker 1: That's normally that's the average I normally see, but one hundred,
Speaker 1: it's fair enough to say. So, yeah, some people have
Speaker 1: very fine hair. But we're kind of splitting hairs now,
Speaker 1: aren't we. You've walked right into that one. So we're
Speaker 1: talking about things on this tiny, tiny scale. Now, we're
Speaker 1: not talking about the atomic scale, because that's actually smaller
Speaker 1: than the nano scale. Yeah, because an atom is about
Speaker 1: an atom. When you take the entire atom into account,
Speaker 1: the average atom is about point one nanometers in diameter.
Speaker 1: That's pretty teeny. So it's one tenth of a of
Speaker 1: a nanometer. That's the atomic scale. We're getting pretty close
Speaker 1: to the atomic scale. Yeah. Yeah, Now if you want
Speaker 1: to talk about the nucleus of an atom, do you
Speaker 1: want to how big that is? I mean, yes, how many?
Speaker 1: Of course you want to know how big it is?
Speaker 1: It Tollett Cheese, I thought I had you. It is
Speaker 1: point zero zero zero zero one nanometers wide. That's just
Speaker 1: the nucleus. So when you when you strip away the
Speaker 1: electron shell, it's tiny indeed, But anyway, nanoscale, we're talking
Speaker 1: about things on this really tiny scale. Building machines that
Speaker 1: are on this scale. Usually people say between one and
Speaker 1: one d nanometers is kind of within the nanoscale range.
Speaker 1: Um building not just machines, but but really specific machines
Speaker 1: that can actually potentially change the world. And um, it's
Speaker 1: it's pretty phenomenal to think of building anything on that
Speaker 1: smaller scale. You can't even look at these things with
Speaker 1: a light microscope because they're so tiny because the the
Speaker 1: wavelength for visible light on the small scale of it
Speaker 1: over on the violet spectrum, that's about four hundred nanometers
Speaker 1: for a wave length. So we're talking about having to
Speaker 1: use things like scanning telling microscopes to look at the
Speaker 1: nano scale. Now, these are special microscopes that emit a
Speaker 1: small charge electric charge, and then it interprets the data,
Speaker 1: sends it to a computer, and you look at an
Speaker 1: image on a computer screen. So you're not even really
Speaker 1: looking at the physical thing. You're looking at a computer
Speaker 1: image representation of that thing. Right, if if nanotechnology is
Speaker 1: that small, how do you make it? Because you know,
Speaker 1: there are a lot of people who talk about things
Speaker 1: on the nano scale, like, uh, you know, computer processor
Speaker 1: chips using nanotechnology, Uh, nano robots, which I'm told you
Speaker 1: might know something about a little bit. You know, you
Speaker 1: know all kinds of things. How are you building these tiny,
Speaker 1: tiny things if you can't even really see them, if
Speaker 1: you're depending on a machine to do it for you
Speaker 1: to be able to look at them, that's a tricky question.
Speaker 1: I'll there are two different ways, right. There's the top
Speaker 1: down approach, which is where you actually drop stuff on
Speaker 1: it from above, not quite, but you you build each
Speaker 1: component and you then put everything together. It's it's kind
Speaker 1: of like the classic way you build anything, right, Like
Speaker 1: you would use a top down approach to build say
Speaker 1: a car. You know, you build the frame and then
Speaker 1: you attach various things to the frame. I'm talking like
Speaker 1: I know anything about cars. Um. So it's a different
Speaker 1: podcasts and Scott is way better at it than I am.
Speaker 1: So the other way is the bottom up approach. This
Speaker 1: is interesting. This is where you're actually building things kind
Speaker 1: of um like you're growing them almost like you're growing machines. Um.
Speaker 1: And you're doing it adam by adam, molecule by molecule,
Speaker 1: and uh, I'm not really sure which way it's gonna go.
Speaker 1: This is an early early silent science, even though it's
Speaker 1: been around for a couple of decades. We're still, you know,
Speaker 1: just barely in the beginning of it. So we'll see
Speaker 1: which method ends up being the the prevalent one. Um,
Speaker 1: but there are people working on it on either end,
Speaker 1: so to speak, and to give you an idea of
Speaker 1: how possible this is. In so we're talking about almost
Speaker 1: twenty years ago. Uh, there was an IBM scientist named
Speaker 1: Don Eidler who led a team who demonstrated that they
Speaker 1: can manipulate individual atoms and they used a scanning tunneling
Speaker 1: microscope to move atoms to spell I B M, I
Speaker 1: AM so not shock. Yeah. So you can actually there
Speaker 1: are pictures of this on the internet if you google
Speaker 1: you know IBM scanning tunneling microscope. Uh, you can find
Speaker 1: pictures of this where you see the image where each
Speaker 1: dot represents a separate atom. So they actually use the
Speaker 1: atoms to spell the word. Well. And in two thousand four,
Speaker 1: again IBM scientists are kind of leading the research in this. Uh.
Speaker 1: They were in Zurich and they they show that they
Speaker 1: were able to change the charge state of individual atoms
Speaker 1: by adding or removing electrons from an individual atom. Yeah.
Speaker 1: So again they used a scanning telling microscope, and they
Speaker 1: had a charged point on the tip of that microscope
Speaker 1: which comes to such an incredibly fine point that it
Speaker 1: can do these things that can remove an electron from
Speaker 1: one atom and and put it onto another. So we
Speaker 1: have the technology to manipulate individual atoms. Now we have
Speaker 1: to get to the point where we can build molecular
Speaker 1: structures that work as tiny machines, all right, and there
Speaker 1: are a couple different ways we can look into that.
Speaker 1: One of the really popular things that people have been
Speaker 1: talking about recently are carbon nanotubes. Have you heard of these? Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's the stuff that's supposed to, you know, do everything
Speaker 1: everything you've ever heard of. Essentially, carbon danotubes can apparently
Speaker 1: do well. There there's such a versatile structure, yeah, and
Speaker 1: you know, very resilient yep. Yeah. It actually all depends
Speaker 1: on how you how you roll the yeah, how you
Speaker 1: roll the tube. So carbon nanotubes, the way you create
Speaker 1: a carbon nanotube in general them I'm way oversimplifying here,
Speaker 1: but you take a sheet of carbon atoms, all right,
Speaker 1: they form molecular structure where it looks very like it
Speaker 1: looks like a series of hexagons, and what you then
Speaker 1: do is you roll this into a tube. You roll
Speaker 1: the sheet into a tube, and depending on the angle
Speaker 1: you use when you roll it into a tube, that
Speaker 1: dictates the the the properties the carbon nanotube will have.
Speaker 1: So you know that. Of course graphite is composed of carbon,
Speaker 1: as are diamonds, but these two materials are have very
Speaker 1: different properties. Graphites very soft, it's opaque, uh, diamonds not
Speaker 1: so soft, usually pretty clear. But the reason why they're
Speaker 1: different is because of the way these molecules are arranged.
Speaker 1: The same thing with carbon nanotubes. So if you arrange
Speaker 1: them as specific way by rolling the sheet in a
Speaker 1: specific direction, you can create a material that's hundreds of
Speaker 1: times stronger than steel and six times is light. Well
Speaker 1: what could what could possibly be a problem with Well, yeah,
Speaker 1: the problem, as you pointed out, is it's very expensive.
Speaker 1: It's there's no easy way to do it. It's no easy,
Speaker 1: efficient way right now that we can do it on
Speaker 1: a mass scale. So we can be done. It's just
Speaker 1: gonna be done in very small amounts, like on the
Speaker 1: nano scale amounts, and it's being done in laboratories and
Speaker 1: it's gonna take several years for that to move from
Speaker 1: the laboratory to the production room. And um, when it does,
Speaker 1: then we're gonna start seeing lots and lots of stuff
Speaker 1: with carbon nanotubes and it we we see some already.
Speaker 1: There's some products that use carbon nanotube technology already, but
Speaker 1: it's not on the scale that the you know, the
Speaker 1: future of nanotechnology kind of promises us. But I've seen
Speaker 1: things like everything from a Spider Man type suit made
Speaker 1: out of carbon nanotubes because if you roll them a
Speaker 1: certain way, they work very like a Gecks skin. You
Speaker 1: could climb walls and things with this stuff, which pretty neat. Yeah. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I've got one on back order. So anyway, Um, so
Speaker 1: that's kind of giving you the lowdown on on where
Speaker 1: we are now and and you can find technology that
Speaker 1: does incorporate things on the nano scale. In fact, you're
Speaker 1: probably using one right now to listen to us. Yeah,
Speaker 1: because if you're using any sort of device that has
Speaker 1: a microchip, chances are you've got a transistors on that
Speaker 1: microchip that are on somewhere in the nanoscale. I mean,
Speaker 1: if you have a recent computer, then it's definite, you know,
Speaker 1: as long as it's not I guess a netbook. You know,
Speaker 1: if you have one that has a powerful microprocessor. You're
Speaker 1: talking about transistors that are only a few dozen nanometers wide.
Speaker 1: So for example, Intel's uh I CORPS seven I believe,
Speaker 1: are what forty wide? I think, yes, except it's Core
Speaker 1: I seven. Just remember, yeah, I show have said nehalem.
Speaker 1: I wrote about it as the nehalem. But yes, uh,
Speaker 1: those are um, those are like like forty five nanometers wide.
Speaker 1: I mean, you're talking about stuff that's already out on
Speaker 1: the market that's at this scale. I was looking at
Speaker 1: applications of nanotechnology and I found an article on on
Speaker 1: c net that in which they were talking about using
Speaker 1: your voice to charge your cell phone. And uh, apparently
Speaker 1: in order to do this they use they would they
Speaker 1: would use they should say, would they would use barry
Speaker 1: Um Tighten eight crystals, which are twenty three nanometers wide,
Speaker 1: And to do that, it actually creates piezo electricity. It
Speaker 1: transfers transfers, it transfers of physical energy into electrical energy. Yes, exactly, Karma. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so you know, that's that's pretty neat to imagine that.
Speaker 1: You know, these crystals that are are you know, in
Speaker 1: the teens are not teens, but in the dual digit
Speaker 1: nanometers size. You know that's wow, so um so piazzo
Speaker 1: electric that that essentially means that you're converting kinetic energy
Speaker 1: into electricity or vice versa. And then oh no, I
Speaker 1: was just gonna say, this is the same sort of
Speaker 1: stuff you you've have in things like microphones and speakers,
Speaker 1: that kind of thing where it's converting uh, one form
Speaker 1: of energy into another. And crystal there's certain crystals that
Speaker 1: can do this, like quartz that that have this property
Speaker 1: innately di lithium, tillium anyway. Um. And then they're the
Speaker 1: nano robots, which are great for you know everything. Read
Speaker 1: this article written by you know this Jonathan Strickling guy
Speaker 1: and vaguely remember writing that it's been it's been more
Speaker 1: than a year now. Yeah, but yeah, so nano robots
Speaker 1: um all kinds of metal cool applications for those. Yeah,
Speaker 1: here's the here's the interesting thing about nano robots. UM,
Speaker 1: they don't exist. Well, yeah, we're pretty much in the
Speaker 1: micro stage right now to be to be really fair,
Speaker 1: but assuming that we ever get down to the nano
Speaker 1: size and are able to build nano sized robots, the
Speaker 1: applications are pretty amazing from the medical standpoint. Um. For example,
Speaker 1: let's say that you have a disease that's affecting a
Speaker 1: very specific part of your body. And let's say the
Speaker 1: normal way to treat this disease would be that you
Speaker 1: would have you would take you know, medication. Well I'm
Speaker 1: thinking medication really, but we can get the surgery to
Speaker 1: in a minute. Um, So let's say that it would
Speaker 1: normally be that you would either get a shot or
Speaker 1: take some medicine orally or whatever. You would have to
Speaker 1: wait for that medicine to make its way through your system,
Speaker 1: uh and to eventually affect the infected area. Right, Okay,
Speaker 1: so the medicine is already getting diluted through bloodstream, it's
Speaker 1: taking time for it to reach the infected area, takes
Speaker 1: time for it to to uh take effect at the area,
Speaker 1: and so the whole recovery rate is slower than it
Speaker 1: would ideally be. Now with a nano robot, theoretically you
Speaker 1: could direct it, or if you could find a way
Speaker 1: of making it autonomous, it can direct itself to the
Speaker 1: infected area and deliver a much smaller payload of medication
Speaker 1: directly to the infected area. So, for one thing, you're
Speaker 1: not gonna have the side effects that you might have
Speaker 1: experienced through a larger dose of medication because the dose
Speaker 1: is much much smaller. For another, the application is immediate
Speaker 1: to the infected area, so you're talking about it being
Speaker 1: much more efficient and having a smaller impact on the
Speaker 1: patient's overall health. So that's that's an ideal situation now
Speaker 1: for surgery. As you were pointing out, that's also a
Speaker 1: possibility you could create nano robots that would have things
Speaker 1: like laser cutters that would essentially act like a little scalpel,
Speaker 1: but they would be the incredibly precise, far more precise
Speaker 1: than any human would be with a scalpel, because they're
Speaker 1: on the nano scale. You're talking about something so small
Speaker 1: that it's you know, blood cells are dwarfing it. So
Speaker 1: but it could be an incredibly precise tool. And granted,
Speaker 1: do you think, well, with a device that's small, how
Speaker 1: could it really be useful? A lot of these future
Speaker 1: projections suggests that you would not have just one of
Speaker 1: these little nano robots working. They would there would be thousands,
Speaker 1: perhaps millions of them working together at the same time,
Speaker 1: and uh, then you don't have to find a way
Speaker 1: of getting them out, or potentially you would have nano
Speaker 1: robots in you all the time, and they could even
Speaker 1: act as a preventive measure and keep you healthy and
Speaker 1: head off any problems before they could really start even
Speaker 1: uh bringing up symptoms. Yeah, you were saying in the
Speaker 1: article that they could be used to do things like
Speaker 1: breakup blood clots or you know, kidney stones. Oh man,
Speaker 1: And they say breaking up is hard to do. You
Speaker 1: know someone who has suffered from kidney stones. I gotta
Speaker 1: tell you, I would love to have had some robots. Yeah,
Speaker 1: if nothing else, then just to start have someone specific
Speaker 1: I could scream at UM instead of just the the
Speaker 1: the directionless screaming that I did while I actually had
Speaker 1: them UM. But yeah, yeah, there are lots of different
Speaker 1: cool applications. Now, there's some big problems that we have
Speaker 1: to overcome. First, we have to be able to create
Speaker 1: UM power systems on that scale something to power these robots.
Speaker 1: So we're talking about batteries and capacitors that are have
Speaker 1: to be incredibly tiny UM and that's that's a big challenge. Now,
Speaker 1: some doctors have engineers have got around that by creating
Speaker 1: robots that that propelled themselves, or actually they don't really
Speaker 1: propel themselves. They are propelled externally. UM. There's one that
Speaker 1: used m r I machine and you would use the
Speaker 1: magnets in the m R I really to direct the robot,
Speaker 1: so you could actually you know, you're kind of the
Speaker 1: robot really was more passive, but you could direct it
Speaker 1: to specific spot within an artery system. Now I should
Speaker 1: point out that the scientists who did this did it
Speaker 1: with a pig. Um. They were not doing human testing,
Speaker 1: but it worked, went through the pig's arteries, so you know,
Speaker 1: that's a it's nothing to sneeze at. Actually, I was
Speaker 1: reading about a completely different application of nanotechnology. There was
Speaker 1: sort of fascinating. UM. Jennifer Lowell was blogging about it
Speaker 1: for for Seen It and she was talking about the
Speaker 1: possibility that you could use nanotech to alter food on
Speaker 1: the microscopic scale. UM. She actually was quoting Steve Bogan
Speaker 1: and the Guardian. UM. They were talking about essentially how
Speaker 1: you could if you had a food that to which
Speaker 1: you were allergic, Uh, you could maybe make alterations to
Speaker 1: it so that it would pass from your body without
Speaker 1: being a problem. Trick is you know you could uh
Speaker 1: you could have problems with people who don't particularly genetically
Speaker 1: modified food, you know, so a lot of people that
Speaker 1: are kind of creeped out by the frank and food. Um,
Speaker 1: and you're talking about messing with things down again on
Speaker 1: a very very tiny level. Uh So that's pretty that's
Speaker 1: pretty significant. Um. But Bogan also mentioned the possibility that
Speaker 1: packaging could be made um to where the nanotechnology inside
Speaker 1: the food packaging could sniff out when you know, the
Speaker 1: food started to give off gassing as it was decomposing,
Speaker 1: it would change color to go, oh, well, you know
Speaker 1: this thing, it's started to turn brown. We need to
Speaker 1: toss it out without even you know, sniffing it or
Speaker 1: you know, sticking your finger on it and going, I know,
Speaker 1: it feels kind of weird. Yeah, that would have prevented
Speaker 1: many many memorable nights that I've had in my past. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I'm sure anyway, So uh and and to talk a
Speaker 1: little bit more about building these robots, one of the
Speaker 1: one of the things that scientists are working on is
Speaker 1: to try and create specific kinds of nano robots called assemblers. Yeah. Now,
Speaker 1: assemblers do what you would think they do. They assemble
Speaker 1: other nano machines. So they could assemble other assemblers, so
Speaker 1: then you have a self replicating nano robot. Do you
Speaker 1: see where there might be a problem with this? I
Speaker 1: feel its edging gradually towards the singularity. Right, So we're
Speaker 1: talking about the potential for nano robots to replicate themselves
Speaker 1: at such an incredible rate. And remember as soon as
Speaker 1: one gets replicated, it can start replicating, and then the
Speaker 1: ones that replicates can start replicating. So it's exponential growth. Right. Um,
Speaker 1: there's a scenario called gray Goo. Gray Goo is this
Speaker 1: this doomsday scenario where nano robots in order to build
Speaker 1: more nano robots, they have to create it out of something.
Speaker 1: You know, they're not building it out of nothing. So
Speaker 1: what they're doing is they're they're in this scenario anyway,
Speaker 1: it's taking carbon out of the environment and then building
Speaker 1: robots with them that were of carbon. Right, Well, everything
Speaker 1: a lot of stuff is made out of carbon on
Speaker 1: on our planet, turns out, So the idea here would
Speaker 1: be that the robots would start to consume all the
Speaker 1: carbon in an effort to build more robots. And of course,
Speaker 1: since it's exponential, it gets faster and faster every passing second.
Speaker 1: So this Tudnsday scenario has the entire world just turning
Speaker 1: into this writhing mass of gray goo as nano robots
Speaker 1: take over everything. I'm totally singing The Sorcerer's Apprentice in
Speaker 1: my head. Sleep well tonight. Yeah, I'm glad that we
Speaker 1: were able to take such a rosy idea and go
Speaker 1: there with it. Well, I mean, it's it's obviously a
Speaker 1: worst case scenario, but there are a lot of First
Speaker 1: of all, we're decades away from getting there. Second of all,
Speaker 1: there's no guarantee that that's what would happen if we
Speaker 1: even were able to create the nanotech simblars. So I
Speaker 1: think we don't have to worry just yet. When the
Speaker 1: singularity comes, then we'll start worrying. All right, So we
Speaker 1: got about twenty years. You got anything to add to nanotechnology? No,
Speaker 1: just get your living in while it's good? Okay, well
Speaker 1: you know what do you know what's also good? Yeah?
Speaker 1: This is not good. It's listener mail. Seriously, where's the
Speaker 1: volume that element? So anyway, Rory writes in, Hi, Rory,
Speaker 1: Rory writes in and says, have either of you guys
Speaker 1: ever used Linux or bs D? Os ten does not
Speaker 1: count as BSD in this case, then does a little
Speaker 1: uh smiley emoticon that has its tongue sticking out at you. Also,
Speaker 1: do either of you program, even on just a hobby level.
Speaker 1: Excuse the questions. I'm just curious that we fit exercise
Speaker 1: room sounds awesome. Thank you, It is awesome. So let's
Speaker 1: let's tackle these questions. Have you ever used Linux or
Speaker 1: BSD and remember O S ten doesn't count. Yes, actually have, UM,
Speaker 1: although admittedly on sort of a as you know, you
Speaker 1: might put it hobby scale. UM, I've dabbled with trying
Speaker 1: to install UM. I'm build of a bunch of on
Speaker 1: my old beat up PC at home and uh, probably
Speaker 1: should not have because it did not like it very much.
Speaker 1: Although I have a spare hard drive and um I'm
Speaker 1: thinking about trying it again, so maybe I can report
Speaker 1: back on that later. But UM, I've I've used a
Speaker 1: boot disc and uh, you know, just dabbled with it
Speaker 1: that way, and I really like it. I've used it
Speaker 1: on friends machines. I do not have a Linux machine
Speaker 1: other than my HTCG one which runs on Android, which
Speaker 1: has a Linux kernel that it's very core. Well, I
Speaker 1: do have a t VO, so technically yes, we have
Speaker 1: used it, though not as a chief operating system um uh.
Speaker 1: And it's not like we have a bias against Linux
Speaker 1: at all, or BSD for that matter. It's really part
Speaker 1: of it's just the fact that all of our computers here,
Speaker 1: pretty much most of our computers here, I should say,
Speaker 1: run on Windows, so it's just easier to stay on
Speaker 1: the same operating system. And in case you want to
Speaker 1: work on anything, that's true. Now, I do have an
Speaker 1: Intel powered Mac at home, and you know, I could
Speaker 1: partition the hard drive and install Linux on it, but
Speaker 1: you know, and I really haven't. I'd really rather try
Speaker 1: it on something else first, especially since the problem I
Speaker 1: did have on it was partitioning the hard drive. Yeah,
Speaker 1: let's let me get a little bit more comfortable with
Speaker 1: that before I started. Sounds good. And uh so the
Speaker 1: question do you program? Do you program? Um? Not anymore? Yeah,
Speaker 1: I used to program using a Mega Basic. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: used to program. So, yeah, we programmed back when, uh
Speaker 1: back when personal computers were pretty new. We were not
Speaker 1: now granted we were not. Uh we're not going to
Speaker 1: give you any of the harder stories of programming for
Speaker 1: a computer using punch cards. That's a little before our time. Um,
Speaker 1: although I, uh my older brother went to a punch
Speaker 1: card class. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, And you know, I realized
Speaker 1: that h GML is not technically programming, but you know
Speaker 1: it is a little coding. Yeah. I used to do
Speaker 1: it's us, you know, just to mess with the back end,
Speaker 1: not even you know, no wisywig editors end. Okay, I
Speaker 1: think I'm done now. Okay, So anyway, yeah, I've done
Speaker 1: some h MIL coding as well. Back when the web
Speaker 1: was was pretty much new, I did. I built websites.
Speaker 1: And that was back in the day when you would
Speaker 1: you would code in HTML, save it, open up a browser.
Speaker 1: Look at what you did. Say, Oh my god, that
Speaker 1: looks terrible. Close the browser, open up the editor, makes
Speaker 1: some changes. Close it, you know, save it, close it,
Speaker 1: you know, rents and repeat. It's so much easier now.
Speaker 1: The blink tag yeah, and the marquee tag and they
Speaker 1: and the the looping uh midi file in the background. Anyway,
Speaker 1: So well, thank you very much, Rory. I hope we
Speaker 1: answer your question. Roy's laughing at us right now, and well,
Speaker 1: right well we should. If any of you have any questions, comments, suggestions, corrections,
Speaker 1: please right in to tech stuff at how stuff works
Speaker 1: dot com. And remember we have a brand new blog
Speaker 1: up l at blogs dot How Stuff Works dot Com.
Speaker 1: It's not just tech stuff either. You can find stuff
Speaker 1: about from history, stuff you should know, auto science. It's
Speaker 1: all there and check it out. You know, there's a
Speaker 1: good way to UH to get another kind of UH
Speaker 1: insight into the way our minds work, as scary as
Speaker 1: that is. And we'll talk to you again really soon
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