1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,960 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:05,240 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey guys, I hope you enjoy these classic 3 00:00:05,280 --> 00:00:08,479 Speaker 1: episodes from the t D I h C Vault. I'm 4 00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:11,559 Speaker 1: currently researching a new crop of stories for next year, 5 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:14,600 Speaker 1: so be sure to join me again on January second 6 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:18,079 Speaker 1: when we return with all new episodes. Talk to you soon. 7 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:22,040 Speaker 1: Welcome to This Day in History Class from how Stuff 8 00:00:22,040 --> 00:00:24,239 Speaker 1: Works dot com and from the desk of Stuff You 9 00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:26,720 Speaker 1: Missed in History Class. It's the show where we explore 10 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:28,880 Speaker 1: the past one day at a time with a quick 11 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:35,840 Speaker 1: look at what happened today in history. Hello and welcome 12 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 1: to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and I'd like 13 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: to thank Christopher Haciotis for filling in for me for 14 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:44,920 Speaker 1: the previous seven episodes. Today is December seventeen, and the 15 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:49,160 Speaker 1: summer seventeenth marks the beginning of Saturnalia. Although we don't 16 00:00:49,240 --> 00:00:53,760 Speaker 1: know exactly what year the ancient Romans observed Saturnalia for 17 00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:57,640 Speaker 1: the first time. This was though a very popular Roman 18 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:00,960 Speaker 1: holiday honoring the god's Saturn. It was probably the most 19 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:04,000 Speaker 1: popular of all the Roman festivals, and one of the 20 00:01:04,040 --> 00:01:08,080 Speaker 1: things that Saturn was associated with was agriculture. Both sewing, 21 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 1: and harvesting, and this festival happened at the end of 22 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:15,400 Speaker 1: the autumn harvest in the beginning of the winter planting cycle. 23 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: Originally this was just a single day observance on thee 24 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: and by the reign of Emperor Augustus, which lasted from 25 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,800 Speaker 1: seven b C until he died in fourteen CE, it 26 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: had become a two day event. People had been celebrating 27 00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:33,679 Speaker 1: it at that point for at least two hundred years. 28 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:38,920 Speaker 1: Over time, Saturnalia got longer and longer and more elaborate. 29 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: It started overlapping the winter solstice. It was lasting for 30 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: seven entire days, although some emperors tried to rein it 31 00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:49,040 Speaker 1: in a little bit cut it down to maybe a 32 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:53,480 Speaker 1: more manageable five days instead of seven. This was not 33 00:01:53,600 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 1: just a time for drinking and feasting. People shut down 34 00:01:56,360 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: their businesses, including for this entire seven day stretch, took 35 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,400 Speaker 1: a break from all their work. Various codes of proper 36 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,920 Speaker 1: behavior became more and more relaxed. For example, people were 37 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:09,840 Speaker 1: allowed to gamble, which wasn't acceptable, and a lot of 38 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:14,600 Speaker 1: other circumstances. Enslaved people were temporarily given more freedoms, and 39 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 1: some folks have made connections to today's observances of Mardi Gras. 40 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: In terms of what the atmosphere was like, there was 41 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:26,760 Speaker 1: a lot of partying and revelry at the end of 42 00:02:26,760 --> 00:02:30,240 Speaker 1: this festival. There was also a presentation of gifts, usually 43 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,840 Speaker 1: of candles and of wax figures and wax models of fruit. 44 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: People also decorated their homes with greenery. The statue of 45 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:42,359 Speaker 1: Saturn and his temple in Rome was typically bound with 46 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:46,359 Speaker 1: woolen rope, but during Saturnalia those bonds would be cut 47 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:51,640 Speaker 1: during the festival. Saturnalia continue to be observed after the 48 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,200 Speaker 1: Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, which happened in the year 49 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 1: three twelve. That made the Roman Empire at least officially 50 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:03,080 Speaker 1: a Christian empire, but pagan religions did continue to be 51 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:08,120 Speaker 1: observed and pagan observances continued to happen, So for a time, 52 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:11,880 Speaker 1: Christian holidays and Pagan holidays and festivals were really being 53 00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:15,240 Speaker 1: observed at the same time. So a lot of people 54 00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:19,120 Speaker 1: point to Saturnalia as the origin point for Christmas in 55 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,320 Speaker 1: the Western Church, and including both the dates that it 56 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:25,520 Speaker 1: celebrated and some of the traditions involved in celebrating it. 57 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 1: And this I mean it makes a lot of logical 58 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:31,560 Speaker 1: sense Saturnalia and Christmas were both being observed and the 59 00:03:31,680 --> 00:03:35,280 Speaker 1: Roman Empire because of the shifting of Saturnalia and the 60 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:37,960 Speaker 1: lengthening of it, that put it right up against December. 61 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:43,240 Speaker 1: But there were also other pagan celebrations happening on the 62 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:47,640 Speaker 1: December as well, some of them with closer parallels to 63 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 1: Christianity than Saturnalia had. The Roman civic holiday of Soul 64 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 1: in Victa was also observed on December twenty, and the 65 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:59,360 Speaker 1: cult of Mithress celebrated the birth of their god on 66 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:03,160 Speaker 1: December five, and the story of the birth of Mythriss 67 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,440 Speaker 1: has a lot of parallels to the story of the 68 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: birth of Jesus Christ. So while Saturnalia may have had 69 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:13,240 Speaker 1: some influence on the timing of Christmas or some Christmas traditions, 70 00:04:13,360 --> 00:04:16,400 Speaker 1: especially in the Western Church, it's also really likely that 71 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:19,719 Speaker 1: other celebrations happening in the early centuries of the religion 72 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:23,039 Speaker 1: played their own part as well. You can learn a 73 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:26,840 Speaker 1: little bit more about Saturnalia in the December two thousand 74 00:04:26,920 --> 00:04:30,160 Speaker 1: nine episode of Stuffy Miss in History Class. Thanks very 75 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: much to Casey Pigraham and Chandler Mayze for their audio 76 00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: work on this show. You can subscribe to the Stay 77 00:04:35,279 --> 00:04:38,240 Speaker 1: in History Class on Apple Podcasts, Google podcast, the I 78 00:04:38,360 --> 00:04:41,040 Speaker 1: Heart Radio app and We're Real to get your podcasts. 79 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:44,880 Speaker 1: You can tune in tomorrow for a discovery if you 80 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:56,440 Speaker 1: could call it that. Hi again, everyone, It's Eves and 81 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:59,800 Speaker 1: welcome to this Day in History Class, a show where 82 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:11,160 Speaker 1: story waits for no one. The day was December see. 83 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:17,359 Speaker 1: The Aztec Sunstone, a circular stone marked by carvings of 84 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: calendar signs and images related to the Aztec creation myth, 85 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:25,360 Speaker 1: was rediscovered. Though it has been called a calendar stone, 86 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: archaeologist today believed that it was not used as an 87 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:32,840 Speaker 1: astronomical device or sundial, but rather as a ceremonial container 88 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:36,680 Speaker 1: related to the Aztecs Sun got Tona to You. The 89 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 1: Aztec Sunstone was probably carved sometime between fifteen two and 90 00:05:40,320 --> 00:05:43,719 Speaker 1: fifteen twenty during the reign of motek Assuma the Second. 91 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 1: The center of the stone bears an image of what's 92 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:49,640 Speaker 1: thought to be the Sun got Tona to You, though 93 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:51,960 Speaker 1: some scholars have proposed that it's an image of the 94 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,920 Speaker 1: god of the Night Sun or the Earth Monster. The 95 00:05:56,040 --> 00:05:59,599 Speaker 1: central image appears inside a glyph that means movement and 96 00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 1: upper Since the fifth Sun or the present era that 97 00:06:02,839 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: will end with the destruction of human kind. Ton of 98 00:06:06,040 --> 00:06:09,400 Speaker 1: Tu's hands appear as claws holding human hearts, and his 99 00:06:09,480 --> 00:06:12,800 Speaker 1: tongue is a stone knife. The image of the sun 100 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:16,320 Speaker 1: god is framed by four boxes that contain symbols of 101 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:20,240 Speaker 1: the four previous suns or eras. Surrounding the central section 102 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:23,320 Speaker 1: is a ring depicting the signs that correspond to the 103 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:27,440 Speaker 1: twenty days of the Aztec solar calendar. Around that ring 104 00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:30,520 Speaker 1: is a second ring with representations of sun rays and 105 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:35,200 Speaker 1: square sections, each containing five dots. The outermost ring depicts 106 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:38,080 Speaker 1: two fire serpents, and at the top of that ring 107 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:41,120 Speaker 1: is a glyph that represents the date thirteen read, which 108 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 1: is said to correspond with the year fourteen seven and 109 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:48,080 Speaker 1: the beginning of the fifth Sun. The stone is about 110 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:51,320 Speaker 1: twelve ft or four meters in diameter and weighs more 111 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:55,040 Speaker 1: than twenty four short tons. The stone may have been 112 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,599 Speaker 1: originally located in the ceremonial precinct of to Note Tlon 113 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,800 Speaker 1: and placed Horizon Contoly, near where human sacrifices took place. 114 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:08,480 Speaker 1: After the Spanish conquest, religious officials buried it underneath the Zokolo. 115 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:13,239 Speaker 1: The central Plaza of Mexico City. Workers who were leveling 116 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:17,200 Speaker 1: and remodeling the plaza dug up the stone on December see. 117 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 1: It was examined by archaeologists, then moved to a cathedral, 118 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:27,320 Speaker 1: and later transferred to the Monolith Gallery of the Archaeological Museum. 119 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:31,000 Speaker 1: There have been many interpretations of the stone's meaning. Scholars 120 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 1: have said that it may have been used as a 121 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:36,119 Speaker 1: repository for human hearts or a base for the final 122 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: sacrificial of a gladiatorial combatant. Soon after its rediscovery, Mexican 123 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:45,520 Speaker 1: scholar Antonio de leon Igama wrote a treatise on the 124 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 1: stone and hired artist Francisco de Aguera to illustrate an 125 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:53,720 Speaker 1: image of the monument. Leon Igama and other early scholars 126 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:56,920 Speaker 1: suggested that the stone was used as an astronomical or 127 00:07:56,960 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: timekeeping device. Scholars have also suggested that the stone was 128 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 1: used to represent rulership, death, sacrifice, and a success of 129 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:09,200 Speaker 1: Aztec armies. The stone is currently housed at the National 130 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:13,560 Speaker 1: Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. I'm each Deathcote, and 131 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:16,360 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 132 00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:20,080 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. Give us a shout or a share 133 00:08:20,160 --> 00:08:24,960 Speaker 1: on social media at t d I h C podcast, 134 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 1: or if you would prefer to email us, you can 135 00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:31,440 Speaker 1: send us a message at this Day at I heart 136 00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:35,280 Speaker 1: media dot com. I truly hope you enjoyed today's show. 137 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:51,640 Speaker 1: We'll be back tomorrow with another episode. Hello, and welcome 138 00:08:51,679 --> 00:08:55,000 Speaker 1: to this Stay in History Class, a show that examines 139 00:08:55,120 --> 00:08:59,800 Speaker 1: the ins and outs of everyday history. I'm Gay Blusier, 140 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,720 Speaker 1: and in this episode, we're looking at a critical moment 141 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:08,080 Speaker 1: in the development of modern American mass culture. The rise 142 00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:20,280 Speaker 1: of the fashion magazine. The day was December seventeenth, eighteen 143 00:09:20,400 --> 00:09:26,480 Speaker 1: ninety two, Vogue magazine, a journal of high society and fashion, 144 00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:32,200 Speaker 1: released its inaugural issue. Founded as a weekly publication, the 145 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:36,760 Speaker 1: lifestyle magazine focused on what it described as quote the 146 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:42,840 Speaker 1: ceremonial side of life. This included social etiquette, trends, and traditions, 147 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 1: as well as reviews of books, music, and live theater. 148 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:52,360 Speaker 1: Unlike today, the magazine was explicitly targeted to both men 149 00:09:52,559 --> 00:09:56,040 Speaker 1: and women, and men's columns were a common feature in 150 00:09:56,120 --> 00:10:00,440 Speaker 1: early issues. Vogue also reported on the lit lives of 151 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:05,640 Speaker 1: wealthy New York socialites, a subject of growing interests to everyone. 152 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:10,080 Speaker 1: During what Mark Twain referred to as the Gilded Age. 153 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:15,240 Speaker 1: That period in the late nineteenth century marked America's transition 154 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:20,600 Speaker 1: from a largely agrarian society into one centered on industry. 155 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:25,080 Speaker 1: This revolution brought exceeding wealth to a handful of business 156 00:10:25,080 --> 00:10:31,120 Speaker 1: magnets and robber barons. Those high profile families had capitalized 157 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:35,679 Speaker 1: on the era's breakthroughs in transportation and communication, and those 158 00:10:35,720 --> 00:10:39,440 Speaker 1: same advances then allowed them to show off their wealth 159 00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:43,640 Speaker 1: like no one had before. In New York, the ruling 160 00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:48,960 Speaker 1: class built lavish estates in Manhattan and hosted extravagant dinner parties, 161 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:53,600 Speaker 1: some of which were even conducted on horseback for maximum poshness. 162 00:10:54,559 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: As you might expect, they're glamorous, social lives were a 163 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:03,040 Speaker 1: constant source of gossip, not just amongst themselves, but also 164 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 1: among those in the middle class who aspired to live 165 00:11:06,679 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 1: just as excessively. Luckily for them, the modern world came 166 00:11:11,679 --> 00:11:14,360 Speaker 1: with plenty of new ways to take a glimpse at 167 00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:17,440 Speaker 1: how the other half lived, one of which was the 168 00:11:17,559 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: mass market magazine. America's growing obsession with the lives of 169 00:11:22,679 --> 00:11:25,720 Speaker 1: the well to do caught the attention of a business 170 00:11:25,720 --> 00:11:29,600 Speaker 1: man named Arthur Baldwin Turnier, and he looked to the 171 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: budding magazine industry as the perfect way to give the 172 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 1: public its fix. Turnier saw, as he put it, endless 173 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:43,400 Speaker 1: opportunities for running comment and occasional rebuke of New York 174 00:11:43,480 --> 00:11:48,200 Speaker 1: high society. To that end, he founded Vogue, an entire 175 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:53,200 Speaker 1: magazine devoted to the socialite lifestyle. In fact, its early 176 00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:56,679 Speaker 1: issues kept close tabs on the lives of a group 177 00:11:56,760 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: of well known members of the upper crust called the 178 00:12:00,360 --> 00:12:04,200 Speaker 1: four hundred. The nickname was a reference to the four 179 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:09,600 Speaker 1: hundred person capacity of the Astor family's ballroom, a popular 180 00:12:09,679 --> 00:12:13,600 Speaker 1: gathering place for the city's elite. The first issue of 181 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:19,520 Speaker 1: Vogue hit news stands and subscriber mailboxes on December eighteen, 182 00:12:19,679 --> 00:12:23,560 Speaker 1: nine two. It's cover featured a black and white drawing 183 00:12:23,679 --> 00:12:27,000 Speaker 1: of a debutante emerging from what appears to be a 184 00:12:27,040 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: cloud of butterflies and roses. Although Vogue covers are now 185 00:12:32,240 --> 00:12:37,559 Speaker 1: famous for their striking color photography, drawings were used exclusively 186 00:12:37,679 --> 00:12:41,559 Speaker 1: for the first few decades of the magazine's existence. It 187 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:45,360 Speaker 1: wasn't until nine thirty two that the magazine used a 188 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:49,760 Speaker 1: color photo on its cover. The interior pages of the 189 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:55,600 Speaker 1: debut issue featured plenty of other detailed illustrations. One page 190 00:12:55,679 --> 00:12:59,200 Speaker 1: even includes the first appearance of the Vogue Girl, a 191 00:12:59,320 --> 00:13:03,560 Speaker 1: kind of scott figure created by the magazine's first art director. 192 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:07,640 Speaker 1: The character's style changed with the times, so in her 193 00:13:07,679 --> 00:13:11,320 Speaker 1: first appearance she's wearing a corseted dress with a wide 194 00:13:11,360 --> 00:13:15,720 Speaker 1: hoop skirt and a big, gaudy hat. Those fashion choices 195 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: may have been popular at the time, but the magazine's 196 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:23,199 Speaker 1: first editor, Josephine Reading, didn't see what all the fuss 197 00:13:23,280 --> 00:13:26,720 Speaker 1: was about. In an editorial, she took aim at the 198 00:13:26,760 --> 00:13:31,559 Speaker 1: trend of puffy shoulders, wide hips, and tall hats, writing quote, 199 00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:36,640 Speaker 1: what plausible reason can possibly be assigned for a nineteenth 200 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:41,320 Speaker 1: century woman pretending at intervals to the possession of a 201 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:45,880 Speaker 1: big head, enlarged small of the back, abnormal growth of hip, 202 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:53,079 Speaker 1: exaggerated breadth of shoulder, The hump defies classification. Each variety 203 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:58,600 Speaker 1: is unique and owns no kinship to its predecessors. I 204 00:13:58,679 --> 00:14:02,120 Speaker 1: guess that was one of the occasional rebukes that Vogue's 205 00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:06,680 Speaker 1: founder had talked about. Speaking of Turner, he passed away 206 00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:10,440 Speaker 1: in nineteen oh six, and soon after his magazine was 207 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:16,079 Speaker 1: acquired by Conde Montrose Nast, the founder of Conde Nast Publications. 208 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:20,960 Speaker 1: Under its new leadership, Vogue became a bi weekly and 209 00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:25,160 Speaker 1: its focus shifted almost entirely to women's beauty and fashion. 210 00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:30,200 Speaker 1: These changes expanded the magazine's readership and helped establish its 211 00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:34,960 Speaker 1: role as a fashion authority and trend setter. More changes 212 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:38,520 Speaker 1: came during the First World War, when it became impossible 213 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:42,160 Speaker 1: to ship the magazine to Europe. This led to Vogue 214 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:46,960 Speaker 1: being printed overseas in England for the first time. European 215 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:51,440 Speaker 1: readership grew from there, eventually prompting the launch of international 216 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:56,400 Speaker 1: editions focused on the fashion trends of different countries. The 217 00:14:56,520 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: first of these ventures was French Vogue, which debut in 218 00:15:00,440 --> 00:15:04,960 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty. In the decades since, more than twenty other 219 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:09,560 Speaker 1: international titles have been launched, including everything from Vogue Japan 220 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: to Vogue Saudi Arabia. Styles have certainly changed since eighteen 221 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:19,480 Speaker 1: ninety two, and some have even circled back around to prominence, 222 00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:23,560 Speaker 1: but through it all, Vogue has remained popular and relevant 223 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,960 Speaker 1: to fashion fans around the globe, and that's a trend 224 00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:30,080 Speaker 1: that's likely to continue for as long as people have 225 00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:33,760 Speaker 1: an interest in looking good, or at least in reading 226 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:39,080 Speaker 1: about the lives of good looking people. I'm Gabe Louzier 227 00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,400 Speaker 1: and hopefully you now know a little more about history 228 00:15:42,480 --> 00:15:46,520 Speaker 1: today than you did yesterday. You can learn even more 229 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 1: about history by following us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram 230 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:55,080 Speaker 1: at t d i HC Show. You can also write 231 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:59,320 Speaker 1: to us at this Day at I heart media dot com. 232 00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:02,160 Speaker 1: Thanks to Cha lur May's for producing the show, and 233 00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:05,160 Speaker 1: thank you for listening. I'll see you back here again 234 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:16,120 Speaker 1: tomorrow for another Day in History class. For more podcasts 235 00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:18,200 Speaker 1: from I Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, 236 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:20,840 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.