1 00:00:01,160 --> 00:00:04,000 Speaker 1: On Monday, the Supreme Court heard arguments in a high 2 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: stakes case over the strictest abortion law in the country, 3 00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:11,080 Speaker 1: the Texas law that has stopped most abortions in the state. 4 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:15,520 Speaker 1: A key focus was on the unusual provision Texas included 5 00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:19,520 Speaker 1: that makes the law enforceable only through private lawsuits in 6 00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:22,960 Speaker 1: order to keep federal courts from getting involved and blocking it. 7 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:27,600 Speaker 1: Four of the Justices, Stephen Bryer, Elina Kagan, Sonya Soto Mayor, 8 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:31,159 Speaker 1: and the Chief Justice John Roberts, had already voted to 9 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:34,479 Speaker 1: pause the law before it went into effect, and Justice 10 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: Kagan was the most vocal critic of the law, arguing 11 00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:40,720 Speaker 1: that its purpose was to get around the courts earlier 12 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:44,520 Speaker 1: rulings about who can be sued to enforce constitutional rights. 13 00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:48,440 Speaker 1: And essentially, we would be like, you know, we're open 14 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:53,080 Speaker 1: for you're open for business. There's there's ah, there's there's 15 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:56,280 Speaker 1: nothing the Supreme Court can do about it. Guns, same 16 00:00:56,320 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: sex marriage, religious rights, whatever you don't like, go ahead. 17 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: And it came as a bit of a surprise when 18 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,600 Speaker 1: Justice Brett Kavanaugh signaled he agreed with Kagan. What are 19 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:10,880 Speaker 1: you saying, absent that uh, that Second Amendment rights free 20 00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:15,080 Speaker 1: exercise of religion rights, free speech rights could be targeted 21 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:19,760 Speaker 1: by other states in this using the ex part a 22 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 1: young uh language on one sixty three, and to really 23 00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:27,440 Speaker 1: infringe those and to put huge penalties. To the Chief 24 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:31,640 Speaker 1: justice hypothetical say everyone who sells an a R fifteen 25 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,080 Speaker 1: is liable for a million dollars to any citizen. My 26 00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:38,080 Speaker 1: guest is Leah Littman, a professor of constitutional law at 27 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:41,479 Speaker 1: the University of Michigan Law School. Tell us about what 28 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,800 Speaker 1: you saw as some of the major concerns that the 29 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: justices voice, so their concerns they had for both sides. 30 00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:54,559 Speaker 1: On the plaintift side, they were concerned about the prospect 31 00:01:55,040 --> 00:02:00,400 Speaker 1: that plaintifts could sue judges and kirks. In one moment, 32 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:03,880 Speaker 1: the Chief Justice said to the advocates, you know, you 33 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:09,840 Speaker 1: might understand our hesitation about allowing people to sue judges. 34 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: You know, they are judges themselves, and that's just not 35 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:15,360 Speaker 1: kind of the ordinary course of this litigation. On the 36 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:20,800 Speaker 1: other side, to Texas, several justices indicated a real discomfort 37 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:26,079 Speaker 1: with the prospect that states could nullify disfavored constitutional rights 38 00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:31,480 Speaker 1: and essentially undermine the Supreme Court authority to decide whether 39 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:37,120 Speaker 1: state laws are constitutional. Justice Kagan argued that Texas was 40 00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: making an end run around the Supreme Court precedent, and 41 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,240 Speaker 1: it would be inviting other states to try to flout 42 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:47,960 Speaker 1: other precedent. Justice Kavanaugh talked about a loophole that's being 43 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:52,600 Speaker 1: exploited here. So did he seem to suggest that the 44 00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: Court should close up the loophole. So I don't think 45 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,760 Speaker 1: it is a loophole for the Court to close up 46 00:02:58,919 --> 00:03:03,040 Speaker 1: so much as a structured state law that no court 47 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:06,120 Speaker 1: has ever really confronted, or at least the Supreme Court 48 00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:10,239 Speaker 1: has not. That is, no state, as Solicitor General Elizabeth 49 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 1: Prelocker said, has ever done what Texas has tried to do, namely, 50 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:20,600 Speaker 1: to box out the federal judiciary entirely from enforcing its 51 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:26,080 Speaker 1: decisions recognizing a constitutional rights. And so the loophole that 52 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:30,920 Speaker 1: Texas exploited was just the general rule m the Supreme 53 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:37,000 Speaker 1: Court's decisions that you ordinarily do state executive officials who 54 00:03:37,040 --> 00:03:40,360 Speaker 1: have some connection to the enforcement of a law. And 55 00:03:40,400 --> 00:03:43,520 Speaker 1: what Texas did is it tried to remove all state 56 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: executive officials from the enforcement of this law and therefore 57 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:51,880 Speaker 1: remove any possible defendant that the plantifts could do. In 58 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 1: order to prevent this law for being in effect. It 59 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 1: seemed like Justice Coursage was pushing back on that and 60 00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: kept asking, you know, have you ever done this before? 61 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: Has there ever been a suit like this before? Has 62 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:08,600 Speaker 1: there ever been an injunction like this before? Does it 63 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 1: seem as if some of the conservative justices were looking 64 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: for ways to validate that. Yes, I think that concern 65 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: just doesn't account for the fact that no state has 66 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:22,920 Speaker 1: ever tried to entirely boxed out the Supreme Court from 67 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:26,920 Speaker 1: enforcing a constitutional right that the Supreme Court has recognized 68 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,839 Speaker 1: and that the Supreme Court, at least in the here 69 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:33,039 Speaker 1: and now has said continues to exist. And so the 70 00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 1: other justices just didn't seem bothered by the fact that 71 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: there hasn't been a similar kind of lawsuit to this one. 72 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:43,120 Speaker 1: Chief Justice rock I think Justice Elena Kagan and Samuel 73 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,760 Speaker 1: Alito referred to this. But Chief Justice Roberts said that 74 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:51,359 Speaker 1: the authority the US was claiming and bringing its lawsuit 75 00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:56,480 Speaker 1: was a limitless, ill defined authority. So they were questioning 76 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:59,000 Speaker 1: whether they're ruling if there was a ruling in favor 77 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,560 Speaker 1: of the justice to par could it be limited appropriately? Yes, 78 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: So one question was when if ever, should the United 79 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,080 Speaker 1: States be allowed to do a state under circumstances like 80 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:14,680 Speaker 1: this one um Given that a premise of the United 81 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:18,200 Speaker 1: States lawsuit was that Texas had attempted to insulate its 82 00:05:18,279 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: law from constitutional challenge in the federal courts, their questions were, well, 83 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,400 Speaker 1: what other kinds of laws that might be insulated from 84 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:29,800 Speaker 1: challenges in federal courts? Could the United States also do? 85 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:33,280 Speaker 1: Did it seem as if, at least at the beginning 86 00:05:33,279 --> 00:05:38,159 Speaker 1: of the argument that Justice Amy Coney Barrett, she was 87 00:05:38,240 --> 00:05:41,880 Speaker 1: making an argument that this law would not allow abortion 88 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:45,880 Speaker 1: providers to make a full defense in state court if 89 00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:47,719 Speaker 1: they get sued. So there was this some of the 90 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: justices saying that state court could take care of this. Yes. 91 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:54,760 Speaker 1: So part of her point was responding to a question 92 00:05:54,880 --> 00:05:59,360 Speaker 1: from Justice Alito, which is, why isn't it sufficient that 93 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,600 Speaker 1: if abortion providers are sued, they could just say this 94 00:06:03,680 --> 00:06:09,640 Speaker 1: law is unconstitutional and air the constitutional arguments in that way? 95 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:13,320 Speaker 1: And Justice Bara's point was that wouldn't actually solve the 96 00:06:13,400 --> 00:06:19,760 Speaker 1: constitutional problem given that Texas has limited the provider's ability 97 00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 1: to assert the constitutional defense in these SPA lawsuits, and 98 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:29,919 Speaker 1: also Texas has made it so these providers can just 99 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:34,520 Speaker 1: be sued again and again and again, and so merely 100 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:38,160 Speaker 1: succeeding in one lawsuit isn't going to solve the problem, 101 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:42,640 Speaker 1: which of which is you could possibly be sued in 102 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:46,800 Speaker 1: future cases. Did it seem to you as if on 103 00:06:46,839 --> 00:06:52,080 Speaker 1: the conservative side, Justice Alito, and perhaps on the liberal side, 104 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:56,160 Speaker 1: Justice Kagan, they were both trying to make out and 105 00:06:56,320 --> 00:07:01,599 Speaker 1: clarify the arguments for the conservatives in Aldo's case and 106 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:05,120 Speaker 1: for the liberal side in Kagan's case. I think that 107 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:08,640 Speaker 1: some of Deffice Kagan's questions were definitely designed to do that. 108 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,880 Speaker 1: That she wanted to know from the Solicitor General under 109 00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:15,760 Speaker 1: what circumstances the United States could bring suit. She also 110 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:19,119 Speaker 1: wanted to know what the Solicitor General thought should happen 111 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 1: with the United States lawsuit if the Supreme Court allowed 112 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:26,760 Speaker 1: the provider's lawsuits to um continue and air the constitutional 113 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:30,840 Speaker 1: arguments against SP eight. I don't think Justice Alido was 114 00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: trying to do the same that as I think his 115 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:37,200 Speaker 1: questions were much more designed to advocate for a particular 116 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: position than to clarify the position and to advocate for 117 00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: the position in favor of the law. Yes, there's a 118 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: brief and support of abortion clinics that was filed by 119 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 1: Second Amendment advocates. Justice Kavanaugh questioned Texas over the prospect 120 00:07:55,160 --> 00:08:00,280 Speaker 1: that they could use this kind of law against other things, 121 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:06,240 Speaker 1: including gun rights. I think the fact that plaintiffs in 122 00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:10,840 Speaker 1: lawsuits for more favored constitutional rights argue that the Texas 123 00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:15,559 Speaker 1: scheme should not be able to foreclose judicial review helps 124 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:19,160 Speaker 1: the justices to see that this Texas scheme isn't about 125 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:22,960 Speaker 1: or limited to abortion. Instead, the justices wanted to know 126 00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 1: whether states could use the scheme to undermine religious rights, 127 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 1: whether states could use the scheme to undermine gun rights, 128 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:32,800 Speaker 1: whether states could use the scheme to undermine contraception, whether 129 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: states could use the scheme to undermine numerous other constitutional rights. 130 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 1: And that question was definitely indicating that concern lurking in 131 00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:45,840 Speaker 1: the background is Roe v. Wade. And did it seem 132 00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:50,880 Speaker 1: as if any of the justices sort of acknowledge that 133 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:56,680 Speaker 1: it was a constitutional right that's in jeopardy. So Justice 134 00:08:56,679 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: Alito was most explicit in acknowledging that Row and Casey 135 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:05,840 Speaker 1: are in jeopardy. So he asked whether the provider's decision 136 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 1: not to perform abortion was not due to spia but 137 00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 1: was instead due to the fact that the Supreme Court 138 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:16,040 Speaker 1: was reconsidering Rowan Casey in a case this term the 139 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,720 Speaker 1: challenge to the Mississippi statute restricting abortion more than fifteen 140 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:23,760 Speaker 1: weeks after a person's last period. Justice Corsage, I think 141 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:26,400 Speaker 1: was the one who said, you know, you're seeking an 142 00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:29,959 Speaker 1: injunction against the world. I think that was actually the 143 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:33,400 Speaker 1: Chief Justice. Okay, so what about that? Who who would 144 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:37,040 Speaker 1: be enjoined here? Well? I think the question was about 145 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: who exactly this injunction extended to did extend to every 146 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:44,079 Speaker 1: private individual who might bring a lawsuit under sp A. 147 00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:47,440 Speaker 1: The Solicitor General clarifies that their position is that the 148 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:52,079 Speaker 1: injunction extended to state court judges, state court clerks, as 149 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: well as any individual who actually brought a lawsuit, so 150 00:09:56,400 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 1: they were not seeking an injunction against the world. Um, 151 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:03,160 Speaker 1: but I think you're right that the uncertainty about who 152 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: exactly this injunction should apply to all is because of 153 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,760 Speaker 1: the novelty of this law. It makes it no longer 154 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:16,120 Speaker 1: possible to do the ordinary state officials who plantiff typically 155 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 1: stew in these cases. They could rule in favor of 156 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:24,559 Speaker 1: the abortion providers, or in favor of the federal government 157 00:10:24,880 --> 00:10:28,720 Speaker 1: or any which way on combinations of those, did you 158 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:35,079 Speaker 1: think that one suit held up better than the other? Um. 159 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:39,439 Speaker 1: I think it is possible that the provider's lawsuits is 160 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:42,920 Speaker 1: more likely to proceed. Just the justices seemed to be 161 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:46,360 Speaker 1: more sympathetic to the arguments from the providers and view 162 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:50,320 Speaker 1: that case as a more straightforward extension of existing cases 163 00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:53,320 Speaker 1: than the lawsuit by the United States. What do you 164 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:56,280 Speaker 1: think about the new way these oral arguments are going, 165 00:10:56,360 --> 00:10:59,760 Speaker 1: which seemed to go on and on and on. To me, 166 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,679 Speaker 1: it's not as in much of a hot bench as 167 00:11:02,679 --> 00:11:06,720 Speaker 1: it used to be. The justfices are certainly interrupting each 168 00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:09,280 Speaker 1: other less and interrupting the advocates Blessed. I think that 169 00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:11,480 Speaker 1: is partially just a product of the fact that they 170 00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:13,760 Speaker 1: got off a year in which they were just questioning 171 00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:16,840 Speaker 1: people feriata, that is, not asking questions. At the same time, 172 00:11:16,880 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 1: it's possible that we will revert more back to the 173 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:23,600 Speaker 1: previous format as additional time passes, But I do think 174 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:28,200 Speaker 1: this is a new norm. The last time case was 175 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:31,600 Speaker 1: heard this quickly was Bush Fie Gore, and the decision 176 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:35,679 Speaker 1: came down the next day. Are we expecting uh fast 177 00:11:35,720 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 1: decision here as well? I am certainly hoping, and I 178 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: would have been the Franks are hoping for UH decision 179 00:11:42,920 --> 00:11:45,440 Speaker 1: quickly because every day that passes. You know, this lower 180 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: isn't a fact that I had not worked care individual. 181 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:52,640 Speaker 1: So I think people are hoping that the court will 182 00:11:52,640 --> 00:11:55,480 Speaker 1: act quickly, but no one knows. Thanks for being the 183 00:11:55,480 --> 00:11:59,280 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Lasso. Leah. That's Professor Leah Littman of the University 184 00:11:59,280 --> 00:12:04,560 Speaker 1: of Michigan School. A federal jury has decided that a 185 00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 1: private prison operator must pay more than seventeen million dollars 186 00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:12,360 Speaker 1: to immigration detainees who were paid one dollar a day 187 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:15,000 Speaker 1: to perform tasks such as cooking and cleaning at the 188 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:19,520 Speaker 1: company's for profit detention center in Washington State. The jury 189 00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:23,600 Speaker 1: also determined that Geo Group must pay its detainee workforce 190 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: minimum wage. Joining me is Leon Fresco, a partner at 191 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:30,800 Speaker 1: Hollandon Night. Leon, Have you ever heard of a verdict 192 00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:34,400 Speaker 1: on similar grounds? No, In fact, I was a first 193 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: of its kind litigation. That's still a legal issue that 194 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:40,000 Speaker 1: I think you're gonna expect to see go all the 195 00:12:40,040 --> 00:12:43,440 Speaker 1: way up to the Supreme Court because it's a bit complicated. 196 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:48,000 Speaker 1: There is a federal appropriation blow from the nineteen seventies 197 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:52,439 Speaker 1: that says that individuals in immigration detention should be given 198 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:56,640 Speaker 1: one dollar a day to engage in voluntary work. And 199 00:12:56,679 --> 00:13:00,320 Speaker 1: then there was this Washington lawsuit that talked about, well, 200 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:04,040 Speaker 1: that's still violating a bunch of different laws, including in 201 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:07,160 Speaker 1: this case, the one that prevailed was the state minimum 202 00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:10,640 Speaker 1: wage laws. And so you ended up getting this big 203 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:15,080 Speaker 1: verdict that the work violated the state minimum wage laws. 204 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:18,439 Speaker 1: And so I do think this case isn't going to 205 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:22,719 Speaker 1: end without it getting to the Supreme Court, because it 206 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:26,160 Speaker 1: does implicate a lot of other federal versus state interests 207 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:30,520 Speaker 1: in terms of, well, why camp federal prisoners also be 208 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:35,640 Speaker 1: given this option of of of getting minimum wage under 209 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:39,480 Speaker 1: state laws. And so the complication is, well, this has 210 00:13:39,480 --> 00:13:41,760 Speaker 1: sort of been done that way because the contractor is 211 00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:46,800 Speaker 1: operating the facility, but contractors operate all kinds of facilities, 212 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 1: and so it is a fascinating legal issue. It's right 213 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:55,880 Speaker 1: there in the interstases of is it right, is it wrong? 214 00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:59,120 Speaker 1: I mean, there's just a lot of interesting debate about it. 215 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:02,640 Speaker 1: And so while while I do think this verdict is 216 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:06,680 Speaker 1: very substantial and it definitely sends a major message, it's 217 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,439 Speaker 1: not I don't think the last word, I think there's 218 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:11,800 Speaker 1: still a lot of litigation to go. They might prevail 219 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:14,679 Speaker 1: in the Ninth Circuit, but then the question is they 220 00:14:14,720 --> 00:14:17,040 Speaker 1: get to the Supreme Court. Work would the Supreme Court 221 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:20,080 Speaker 1: be there? And it sounds like a lot of money. 222 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:22,800 Speaker 1: It is a lot of money, but per person it 223 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: doesn't come out to be that much because there are 224 00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 1: think are people in the class. Yeah, well, I think 225 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 1: here's the issue. It's not a lot of money per person, 226 00:14:31,040 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: that's correct, but it is prohibitive from the standpoint of 227 00:14:35,320 --> 00:14:39,240 Speaker 1: what happens if people at these facilities and the operators 228 00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:43,000 Speaker 1: of the facilities are forced to pay actual minimum wage 229 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:47,600 Speaker 1: to the individuals who are doing Because the idea of 230 00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:51,560 Speaker 1: the voluntary work is that it prevents sort of idol't 231 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:55,160 Speaker 1: tie in the facility. It does that the contractors actually 232 00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:57,880 Speaker 1: need the people in the facility to do the work. 233 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,240 Speaker 1: They don't, but it's the dea is you get people 234 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:04,000 Speaker 1: working and something that they're doing, and so they're not 235 00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:07,040 Speaker 1: idle in the facilities. And so the question is that 236 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:10,400 Speaker 1: if you have to pay for that voluntary work, what's 237 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:13,800 Speaker 1: going to happen is the contractors are just gonna provide 238 00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:16,040 Speaker 1: it and they're going to just give it to other 239 00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:18,840 Speaker 1: workers instead, not to the not to the people in 240 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:22,760 Speaker 1: the detention facilities. And so it will have a couple 241 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 1: of effects. Number One, it will it will move the workout, 242 00:15:26,520 --> 00:15:30,240 Speaker 1: So yes, it might increase some some jobs to people 243 00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:32,960 Speaker 1: who aren't in the facilities, but it will also create 244 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:36,040 Speaker 1: this idleness in the facility, which is what was this 245 00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:38,680 Speaker 1: was trying to avoid in the first place. But it 246 00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:44,200 Speaker 1: certainly it won't moving forward allow people in these contract 247 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,120 Speaker 1: facilities to get paid minimum wage to do work at 248 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:49,760 Speaker 1: the facilities. That that's not going to be the response 249 00:15:49,840 --> 00:15:52,680 Speaker 1: to this if this actually ends up being what happened 250 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 1: moving forward. Let's talk about remain in Mexico, because this 251 00:15:56,400 --> 00:16:01,400 Speaker 1: is a policy that the Biden administration didn't want to continue, 252 00:16:02,040 --> 00:16:04,920 Speaker 1: and the Department of Homeland Security issued a new memo 253 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:09,480 Speaker 1: terminating it. Where does that stand, Well, here is where 254 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:15,080 Speaker 1: it stands. On October. The bid administration has said, we 255 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:18,040 Speaker 1: know that there's a court injunction that forces us to 256 00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:22,200 Speaker 1: continue this Remain in Mexico policy, but we are going 257 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: to nevertheless try to provide another justification that will convince 258 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:30,360 Speaker 1: the courts to get rid of its injunction. So that 259 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:34,960 Speaker 1: we actually can terminate the Remain in Mexico slash Migrant 260 00:16:34,960 --> 00:16:38,560 Speaker 1: Protection Protocol policy, and so they actually, I mean, you 261 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:42,880 Speaker 1: read this thing. It's incredibly invested thirty nine blog, and 262 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:46,360 Speaker 1: it goes through all of the different justifications of why 263 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:51,080 Speaker 1: the Biden administration thanks to Remain in Mexico policy won't work, 264 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:55,120 Speaker 1: and it goes through access to council problems. And notice 265 00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:59,119 Speaker 1: the hearing problem, that people are unsafe at the facilities 266 00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:02,080 Speaker 1: where they are met Togo, that the US government really 267 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:06,000 Speaker 1: can't do anything to create faith facilities in Mexico because 268 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 1: we don't have jurisdictions the police these facilities in Mexico, 269 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:12,040 Speaker 1: and to keep people saying if it is of course 270 00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:16,359 Speaker 1: a sovereign country, the fact that people miss their hearing, 271 00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:20,399 Speaker 1: the fact that it causes people to keep re entering 272 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:22,800 Speaker 1: over and over again because they want to see if 273 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 1: they can get themselves up from under this Remain in 274 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:29,320 Speaker 1: Mexico policy, and the fact that it would require huge 275 00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:33,359 Speaker 1: investment in Mexico in order for Mexico to continue to 276 00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:36,680 Speaker 1: allow this, which was not the case during the Trump administration. 277 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:40,480 Speaker 1: So Leon, who will decide whether or not the administration's 278 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: memo can go into effect. The question is in the end, 279 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:47,640 Speaker 1: is the Northern Disference of Texas going to agree that 280 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: this meets the standard for not being an arbitrary and 281 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:57,320 Speaker 1: capricious revocation of the remaining in Mexico policy and finally 282 00:17:57,359 --> 00:18:02,160 Speaker 1: allow the Biden administration to remove the policy, or will 283 00:18:02,200 --> 00:18:05,640 Speaker 1: they say Nope, this is yet again arbitrary and capricious, 284 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:10,360 Speaker 1: because there is no justification you can give us for 285 00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:16,560 Speaker 1: removing this policy. This policy from a purely immigration enforcement perspective, 286 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:19,720 Speaker 1: makes sense to us, and that what you should do 287 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:23,680 Speaker 1: is either detain every single person who comes to America 288 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:27,760 Speaker 1: while their proceedings are pending, and if you can't maintain them, 289 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,119 Speaker 1: have them weight in Mexico. But no one should be 290 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:34,359 Speaker 1: allowed to just walk in and be free within the 291 00:18:34,440 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 1: United States while their court case is pending, because there's 292 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:39,560 Speaker 1: too much of a likelihood that they won't show up 293 00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:42,280 Speaker 1: the court. That's what the judge said last time. And 294 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:45,480 Speaker 1: so I don't know if the judge is going to 295 00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:49,800 Speaker 1: be convinced by even this thirty nine page justification that 296 00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:52,720 Speaker 1: anything should change from that basic view of the world 297 00:18:52,760 --> 00:18:55,800 Speaker 1: that the judge has that why would you get rid 298 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: of this policy? You know, there's just the the the 299 00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:01,960 Speaker 1: the No matter what you think of abut humanitarian concerns, 300 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:05,040 Speaker 1: those those are of little concern to me as a 301 00:19:05,160 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 1: judge because I'm looking at this purely from an immigration 302 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:12,080 Speaker 1: enforcement angle. So I don't know if the original District 303 00:19:12,119 --> 00:19:15,040 Speaker 1: court judge will change, But the question is will the 304 00:19:15,119 --> 00:19:18,400 Speaker 1: Fifth Certain or the Supreme Court change and say, look, 305 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:24,600 Speaker 1: even if the immigration enforcement argument isn't great, all of 306 00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:28,080 Speaker 1: these other things about the humanitarian costs and the resources 307 00:19:28,119 --> 00:19:31,840 Speaker 1: and other things are sufficient for an administration to change 308 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: the policy. Otherwise an administration will never be able to 309 00:19:34,920 --> 00:19:38,600 Speaker 1: change any policy no matter what, because as long as 310 00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:41,240 Speaker 1: one judge thinks it doesn't make any sense, that will 311 00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:43,840 Speaker 1: be the end of it. And so that will be 312 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:47,520 Speaker 1: a very interesting debate to see. Moving forwards, what strikes 313 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:50,560 Speaker 1: me is this is a policy put in place by 314 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:54,920 Speaker 1: the Trump administration. So it should be a policy that 315 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:59,480 Speaker 1: after an election the Biden administration can change. I mean, 316 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:06,000 Speaker 1: can the courts force administrations to retain old policies that 317 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:09,119 Speaker 1: they don't believe in? Right? I mean, this is what 318 00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: we're gonna see. We saw this in Data to be fair, 319 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:16,159 Speaker 1: where the Trump administration tried to get rid of DACA, 320 00:20:16,359 --> 00:20:19,199 Speaker 1: and Justice Roberts was the deciding vote. Thing, look the 321 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:23,119 Speaker 1: way you try to get rid of DACAS arbitrary and capricius. 322 00:20:23,320 --> 00:20:26,119 Speaker 1: Try again. And then we never got to litigate the 323 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:29,320 Speaker 1: second round of that. Trump was voted out of office, 324 00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:32,520 Speaker 1: and now we're litigating whether doctor is legal or not. 325 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:34,679 Speaker 1: That's the whole separate issue. But that will be an 326 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:37,359 Speaker 1: issue that will work its way up to the Supreme Court. 327 00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:40,600 Speaker 1: But now on the flip side, we're seeing this, which 328 00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:44,240 Speaker 1: is Trump's version of DACA was the remain in Mexical policy. 329 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: And so the question is will there be five justices 330 00:20:48,119 --> 00:20:50,919 Speaker 1: on the Supreme Court and say, hey, just like DOCCA, 331 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:54,840 Speaker 1: guess what, we don't think there's any way that you 332 00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:57,800 Speaker 1: can terminate this remain in Mexical policy. That is an 333 00:20:57,880 --> 00:21:01,360 Speaker 1: arbitrary and capricius because if we're looking at this purely 334 00:21:01,840 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: from the immigration enforcement angle, and why would you allow 335 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:07,800 Speaker 1: any human being to be able to just walk into 336 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:11,800 Speaker 1: the United States, And that's what you're essentially doing if 337 00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:14,800 Speaker 1: you don't have this remain in Mexico policy. And so 338 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,600 Speaker 1: that's the perspective. If you're looking at it from that 339 00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:22,760 Speaker 1: pure perspective of that, then there's no justification that's going 340 00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:25,720 Speaker 1: to overcome that if you're viewing it from well, but 341 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:29,440 Speaker 1: in Mexico, people are getting a beaten, they're getting a view, 342 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: there's no way to secure the facilities, they're not getting 343 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: counsels to show up for the earring, so everybody's losing 344 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,320 Speaker 1: their case. People don't even know where they're hearing is, 345 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:41,639 Speaker 1: so you can't even get them. You know, there's tons 346 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:44,879 Speaker 1: of justifications that they give it that are all very powerful, 347 00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:48,720 Speaker 1: but none of those have anything to do with ending 348 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:51,960 Speaker 1: a legal immigration so to speak. And so that's the 349 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:54,840 Speaker 1: question is will any of these other sort of human 350 00:21:55,000 --> 00:22:02,040 Speaker 1: human first or humanitarian justifications be sufficient to overcome the 351 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:07,399 Speaker 1: the pure immigration enforcement reason why this was allowed to 352 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,359 Speaker 1: remain in the first place. But there are a couple 353 00:22:10,400 --> 00:22:15,520 Speaker 1: of differences between DHAKA and remain in Mexico. One the 354 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:19,960 Speaker 1: reliance interest that the dreamers have had for years on 355 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:23,440 Speaker 1: the policy. But also are the Court's going to tell 356 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:27,159 Speaker 1: Mexico what to do? And so suppose Mexico says no, no, 357 00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:30,720 Speaker 1: we won't. Absolutely, I mean, those are two huge differences, 358 00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:33,760 Speaker 1: as you point out. One, the reliance interest in DACA 359 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:37,879 Speaker 1: was something Justice Roberts specifically bided as one of his 360 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:41,280 Speaker 1: reasons for I think this was an arbitrary and comprecions 361 00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:46,320 Speaker 1: withdrawal of Dacca. And there isn't necessarily a reliance interest here, 362 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:49,280 Speaker 1: although maybe the state of Texas would say, well, we 363 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:53,520 Speaker 1: were not being uh faced with so many people coming 364 00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:56,679 Speaker 1: in without sattist. Now we are, and so now you 365 00:22:56,720 --> 00:22:59,119 Speaker 1: know we have to change our budgetary plans or whatever. 366 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,119 Speaker 1: That's not going to be the same kind of reliance interests, Docca. 367 00:23:02,520 --> 00:23:06,359 Speaker 1: And so you make an excellent point there, and then 368 00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:09,520 Speaker 1: from the from the standpoint of the Mexican government, and 369 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,880 Speaker 1: you're not gonna be able to hold the Mexican government 370 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:15,719 Speaker 1: in condemned. So the question is, are our courts really 371 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 1: prepared to hold the DHS secretary and other DHS officials 372 00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:25,000 Speaker 1: in content of court if they can't force people from 373 00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:28,960 Speaker 1: other countries, not Mexicans. These are people from Central America 374 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:32,960 Speaker 1: or Haiti or Ecuador or other places to go back 375 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:37,840 Speaker 1: into Mexico above Mexico's objective, Our courts really going to 376 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:41,480 Speaker 1: intervene in foreign policy in a way they were they 377 00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: you know, for two hundred years I've said they can't 378 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:48,320 Speaker 1: do and won't do. Uh If this oneted, and that's 379 00:23:48,359 --> 00:23:50,760 Speaker 1: really going to be the question is it at the 380 00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:53,600 Speaker 1: district court again or is it up at the Fifth Circuit. 381 00:23:54,119 --> 00:23:57,040 Speaker 1: So there's two parts of this litigation. So the first 382 00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:00,000 Speaker 1: one on the injunction phase is finished and now they're 383 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:04,240 Speaker 1: going on the merit phasing in the Fifth Circuit now 384 00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:09,000 Speaker 1: trying to say on the merits, this first termination of 385 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:15,399 Speaker 1: the Migration Protection Protocol should be taken away. That litigation continues. 386 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:19,160 Speaker 1: Now there's Memo two and Memo two. So Memo one, 387 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:23,520 Speaker 1: litigation on the temporary injunction stuff has been upheld, and 388 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:27,480 Speaker 1: Memo one has been stricten and and remain in Mexico 389 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:30,920 Speaker 1: staves in place. But they're doing the full merits briefing 390 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:34,600 Speaker 1: now in the Pittcier case. In that case, now in 391 00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:38,080 Speaker 1: the second issue Memo two, well, Membo two has to 392 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:41,320 Speaker 1: start again with the Northern Districts of Texas court and 393 00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:44,159 Speaker 1: work its way up again all the way up to 394 00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:47,880 Speaker 1: the Supreme Court. So there's both phases of litigation litigating 395 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:53,280 Speaker 1: Memo one, litigating Memo two. To another immigration story, the 396 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:57,399 Speaker 1: Wall Street Journal reported that the Biden administration is looking 397 00:24:57,440 --> 00:25:00,359 Speaker 1: to settle with the immigrant families who were separate from 398 00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: their children. During the Trump administration, the administration is reportedly 399 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:10,399 Speaker 1: considering paying as much as four dollars per person. That 400 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:12,760 Speaker 1: seems like a lot of money. Yeah, I think here, 401 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,480 Speaker 1: So let's start with it. Let's start with Obviously, any 402 00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:20,000 Speaker 1: person who's reading a newspaper article is extremely confused. What 403 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:23,080 Speaker 1: are we doing here? Should people be getting money for 404 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:27,160 Speaker 1: having come across the United States border without lawful status? 405 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:30,399 Speaker 1: Because at the end, the argument goes, if somebody is 406 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:33,720 Speaker 1: drunk driving and they have a child in their car, 407 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,240 Speaker 1: they don't keep the parent who's drunk driving and the 408 00:25:36,359 --> 00:25:39,240 Speaker 1: child together. They put the parent in jail and they 409 00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: put the child in and protect the services. So why 410 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:46,280 Speaker 1: can't you do the same thing here. So that's the argument, 411 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:50,639 Speaker 1: and certainly the Biden administration could if it chooses to 412 00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:54,480 Speaker 1: litigate this a course all the way through. Now here's 413 00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:58,360 Speaker 1: the thing. You have many, many families going through this situation, 414 00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:01,879 Speaker 1: and they're all in separate cases, and so all you 415 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:05,480 Speaker 1: would need is one big verdict in one of the 416 00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,119 Speaker 1: chords in order for potentially not be able to settle 417 00:26:09,119 --> 00:26:12,440 Speaker 1: these cases globally. Because you've got one big verdict of 418 00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 1: that encourages other of these groups to go forward. The 419 00:26:16,160 --> 00:26:21,560 Speaker 1: question is, well, will the Supreme Chord actually allow this 420 00:26:21,680 --> 00:26:25,240 Speaker 1: kind of claim to move forward and why shouldn't they 421 00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:28,240 Speaker 1: at least try that, And that's a legitimate argument, But 422 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:30,920 Speaker 1: I mean, you do have a lot of fact based 423 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:34,840 Speaker 1: claims here about the government knowingly I mean you had 424 00:26:34,920 --> 00:26:40,040 Speaker 1: watch dogs say this, knowingly put forth these policies knowing 425 00:26:40,119 --> 00:26:42,159 Speaker 1: that there is it going to be a way to 426 00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:47,040 Speaker 1: keep tracks of the children who are separated from the parents, 427 00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:51,359 Speaker 1: and that there would be this massive harm that would 428 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:54,000 Speaker 1: take place. They were warned about all of this by 429 00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:57,119 Speaker 1: people like Jonathan White from h H who was the 430 00:26:57,160 --> 00:27:00,480 Speaker 1: person in charge at the time of the UH Settlement 431 00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:02,639 Speaker 1: of Children, and he had said, I don't want to 432 00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:05,480 Speaker 1: go along with this because it's going to cause all 433 00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:07,800 Speaker 1: of this tropics. We won't be able to keep track 434 00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:11,040 Speaker 1: of the kids. And so once you move forward with that, 435 00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:15,040 Speaker 1: it's maybe not something that even the Supreme Court can 436 00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:20,760 Speaker 1: overturn as a factual basis because the government isn't allowed 437 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:24,679 Speaker 1: to endanger children knowingly. Regardless of what the reason is, 438 00:27:24,760 --> 00:27:28,240 Speaker 1: whatever your law enforcement reason is, you still can't knowingly 439 00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:32,679 Speaker 1: endanger children. And if if a factual finding is made 440 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,480 Speaker 1: that that's what happened in this case, then the only 441 00:27:36,520 --> 00:27:39,280 Speaker 1: issue will be about managers, but it won't be a 442 00:27:39,359 --> 00:27:43,280 Speaker 1: legal issue anymore. But that's the legal issue, and that's 443 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:46,720 Speaker 1: a separate issue about whether politically it is wise to 444 00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,560 Speaker 1: engage in these settlements, because of course you have massive 445 00:27:49,600 --> 00:27:53,520 Speaker 1: political ball dot from the simplistic arguments that why would 446 00:27:53,560 --> 00:27:57,480 Speaker 1: anyone pay people here without saddest for just enforcing the law, 447 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:01,080 Speaker 1: and so man that's the who nobody wants to be 448 00:28:01,119 --> 00:28:03,160 Speaker 1: in the middle of. Thanks for being on the Bloomberg 449 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:07,280 Speaker 1: Law Show. Leon. That's immigration law expert Leon Fresco, a 450 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:10,160 Speaker 1: partner at Hollanden Night And that's it for this edition 451 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:12,960 Speaker 1: of the Bloomberg Law Show. Remember you can always get 452 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:16,360 Speaker 1: the latest legal news, honor Bloomberg Law Podcast. You can 453 00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:20,680 Speaker 1: find them on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or at www dot 454 00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:25,119 Speaker 1: Bloomberg dot com, slash podcast, Slash Law, and don't forget 455 00:28:25,119 --> 00:28:27,879 Speaker 1: to catch The Bloomberg Law Show every week night at 456 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:31,520 Speaker 1: ten pm Wall Street time right here on Bloomberg Radio. 457 00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:33,200 Speaker 1: I'm joom Boso and you're a list