WEBVTT - How IEDs Work 0:00:01.200 --> 0:00:04.640 Welcome to stuff you should know run House Stuff Works 0:00:04.680 --> 0:00:13.160 dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh 0:00:13.240 --> 0:00:16.240 Clark and Charles W. Chuck Bryant's with me, etcetera, etcetera. 0:00:16.400 --> 0:00:19.239 Stuffy should know. How you doing attention of people? In 0:00:19.239 --> 0:00:22.439 the blink of an eye, Yeah, this podcast would be over. Yeah, 0:00:24.600 --> 0:00:26.799 Jerry's getting a lot more loose with the laughter. Have 0:00:26.920 --> 0:00:29.680 you noticed. Yeah, she wants to be noticed. Either that 0:00:29.960 --> 0:00:32.159 or her sense of humor has been ratcheted up. We're 0:00:32.200 --> 0:00:34.199 gonna look one day she's like literally pulled up to 0:00:34.240 --> 0:00:37.720 our downs with her chin on her hand, like, Hey, yeah, 0:00:37.800 --> 0:00:40.960 what are you guys do? Hey, nice shirt, Hey, thank you. 0:00:40.960 --> 0:00:42.920 You compliment the shirt every time I wear I know. 0:00:43.000 --> 0:00:45.640 Let me set the scene. We're in our serial killer 0:00:45.720 --> 0:00:52.240 like room and Josh is wearing his Mystery Science Theater shirt. Yeah, 0:00:52.360 --> 0:00:55.480 that's the one, and it's got the guys there. It's 0:00:55.520 --> 0:00:58.280 a silhouette, the famous silhouette in the movie theater seats 0:00:59.000 --> 0:01:01.720 and it's just a great shirt. Yeah. Um one time you, 0:01:01.760 --> 0:01:05.120 me and I were at home watching it on I 0:01:05.120 --> 0:01:08.240 don't know, the Internet or something like that, laugh and 0:01:08.319 --> 0:01:11.560 laugh and laughing, and uh, she had such a good 0:01:11.560 --> 0:01:13.800 time that she got me this T shirt. You commemorate it. 0:01:14.800 --> 0:01:17.759 That's a great reason. So thanks a lot, mst three 0:01:17.800 --> 0:01:20.000 K guys, Yeah, Emily does. I got a Dexter shirt. 0:01:20.040 --> 0:01:22.480 I got a true Blood shirt. I got a Madman shirt. 0:01:22.600 --> 0:01:25.399 You guys are laughing at Dexter parks and red shirt 0:01:25.440 --> 0:01:28.080 every time, Children's hospital shirts on the way. I'm like 0:01:28.240 --> 0:01:32.120 enough with the shirts exactly fun TV events, right, you 0:01:32.120 --> 0:01:35.520 can just show what TV show you've watched recently by 0:01:35.680 --> 0:01:38.360 wearing that T shirt. Well, do like Michael Stipe remember 0:01:38.360 --> 0:01:41.200 that ear He were like tin shirts at the vm as. No, 0:01:42.000 --> 0:01:44.399 he kept taking off his shirt for each award they won, 0:01:44.440 --> 0:01:47.640 and it was another like a statement, political statement, you 0:01:47.680 --> 0:01:52.200 know Stipe. Yeah, I found his best. Just let Stipe 0:01:52.200 --> 0:01:55.400 do his thing. Let's Stipe be Stipe. Yeah, that's a shirt. 0:01:55.520 --> 0:01:58.440 You know. He's got a sculpture like right there, what 0:01:58.440 --> 0:02:01.560 do you mean? He has a an outdoor sculpture at 0:02:01.880 --> 0:02:04.080 the next building over the Sovereign building in the back 0:02:04.400 --> 0:02:08.600 really right next to the valet um, there's like six 0:02:08.680 --> 0:02:13.280 seven eight like cute little larger than life foxes and 0:02:13.280 --> 0:02:15.520 he running around in a circle and it's Michael Stipe 0:02:15.720 --> 0:02:17.280 did he do it or did he conceive it and 0:02:17.280 --> 0:02:20.160 then had some sculpture go do it. If he did, 0:02:20.200 --> 0:02:22.840 he's taking full credit for it. Okay, I mean I 0:02:22.840 --> 0:02:25.480 believe he did it. They're called the Stipe Boxes. I 0:02:25.480 --> 0:02:27.280 can't remember what it is, but it's got like or 0:02:27.280 --> 0:02:29.079 what the name is, but it's got like a plaque 0:02:29.160 --> 0:02:31.320 that says, you know who the artist is and give 0:02:31.360 --> 0:02:33.600 some background and well look at that. Michael Stipe had 0:02:33.639 --> 0:02:36.040 no idea yea, and it's pretty good too. I have 0:02:36.120 --> 0:02:37.840 to say, I'm gonna go check that out. You should 0:02:37.880 --> 0:02:42.320 write it for them, Okay, Chuck, Yes, do you know 0:02:42.880 --> 0:02:46.720 what an I E. D Is? I do. I bet 0:02:46.760 --> 0:02:48.640 some folks might not, though you hear that where. It's 0:02:48.680 --> 0:02:50.079 one of those things you hear on the news a lot. 0:02:50.440 --> 0:02:52.920 Some people might just sort of, you know, it gets 0:02:52.960 --> 0:02:54.680 lodged in the brain is. I don't know what that is, 0:02:54.720 --> 0:02:56.960 but I hear it enough spell it out for him. 0:02:57.240 --> 0:03:04.560 I the improvised explicit device, and that is the I 0:03:04.560 --> 0:03:08.800 believe still the leading cause of troop death in the 0:03:08.840 --> 0:03:13.359 Middle East. Uh. Yeah, the mission in Iraq is over right, 0:03:13.760 --> 0:03:17.760 like we've totally drawn with drawn. Yeah, I strong about Afghanistan. 0:03:20.200 --> 0:03:24.400 It remained then forever now the number one killer of 0:03:24.560 --> 0:03:28.040 US troops in Iraq, and it still is now in 0:03:28.080 --> 0:03:32.320 Afghanistan as far as I know. Yes, I have a 0:03:32.360 --> 0:03:35.160 couple of stats here. Um, it is still the top threat. 0:03:35.200 --> 0:03:39.160 You're correct, killed a hundred four U. S troops compared 0:03:39.160 --> 0:03:44.520 with one. That's a significant drop. Yeah. Yeah, they're they're 0:03:44.520 --> 0:03:47.320 getting better at fine, and we'll get to this of 0:03:47.400 --> 0:03:49.840 their methods of getting better at rooting them out with 0:03:49.920 --> 0:03:52.960 machines and from what I gathered reading the stuff, just 0:03:53.520 --> 0:03:56.920 the soldiers being there, they just sort of get in 0:03:56.920 --> 0:03:59.360 that mind. They're just getting better at this, like sniffing out, 0:04:00.560 --> 0:04:03.880 sniffing them off the case. Yeah, these guerrilla tactics. You know, 0:04:04.120 --> 0:04:06.240 more you're there, the more you just understand the enemy. 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:10.080 That article also though, said that that statistic reflects just 0:04:10.200 --> 0:04:13.760 fewer troops to be attacked though as well. Um, but yeah, 0:04:13.840 --> 0:04:17.520 we definitely have gotten better, um as a military over 0:04:17.600 --> 0:04:22.120 the last decade or so. Yeah, like twelve years. I 0:04:22.120 --> 0:04:24.919 guess wasn't a two thousand one that we invaded Afghanistan 0:04:25.040 --> 0:04:30.120 or two to mission accomplished. Um, And we came face 0:04:30.200 --> 0:04:33.400 to face with I E. D. S pretty quickly. UM 0:04:33.440 --> 0:04:35.800 And really kind of had to learn what we were doing. 0:04:35.800 --> 0:04:39.400 Like I remember the the soldiers were just driving around 0:04:39.440 --> 0:04:42.080 in regular humpies and getting like blown to smitherreens from 0:04:42.160 --> 0:04:43.880 I E d S left and right. And it took 0:04:43.920 --> 0:04:46.880 like a year or two before they had humpies that 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:49.880 were armored enough to protect them against humpy blasts. Yeah. 0:04:49.920 --> 0:04:52.520 Well it's sort of new though, because this article points 0:04:52.520 --> 0:04:55.400 out at the beginning of the war they weren't as 0:04:55.800 --> 0:05:00.160 popular and it was mainly gunfire. Mortars and grenades were 0:05:00.160 --> 0:05:02.080 the cause of the age because we were fighting a 0:05:02.120 --> 0:05:07.520 non insurgent group. We're fighting the Iraqi military. We were fighting, um, 0:05:07.680 --> 0:05:11.960 but the Taliban, Well, yeah, you're right, they were Yeah, no, 0:05:12.040 --> 0:05:15.000 I guess yeah, but yeah, in Iraq, we were definitely 0:05:15.000 --> 0:05:18.680 fighting the Iraqi military, but then the insurgency came after that. Yeah, 0:05:18.680 --> 0:05:22.920 they definitely have realized how effective they can be. When 0:05:22.960 --> 0:05:26.760 you can put it in a dead dog's carcass on 0:05:26.800 --> 0:05:28.880 the side of the road or a cow or something 0:05:28.920 --> 0:05:31.400 like that, very scary stuff. You can hide it just 0:05:31.480 --> 0:05:36.719 about anywhere. Um, And they're not new. The insurgents um 0:05:36.760 --> 0:05:39.480 in Iraq in Afghanistan didn't invent I E d S. 0:05:39.520 --> 0:05:43.720 They go back at least into the Vietnam War, where 0:05:43.760 --> 0:05:46.240 the viet Cong figured out that a good way to 0:05:46.320 --> 0:05:49.359 get American troops blown up is to put an I 0:05:49.520 --> 0:05:51.600 D in like an old coke can or something, or 0:05:51.640 --> 0:05:53.800 an old beer can't leaving along the side of the 0:05:53.880 --> 0:05:55.520 road where you knew they were going to be walking, 0:05:55.560 --> 0:05:58.840 because everyone knows that Americans like to kick cans down 0:05:58.920 --> 0:06:02.000 the road. And apparently all it took was one kick 0:06:02.040 --> 0:06:04.920 and then boom, the whole platoon was in danger. Yeah, 0:06:05.160 --> 0:06:07.120 that was an I E D. Yeah, the i R 0:06:07.200 --> 0:06:11.040 a Irish Republican Army obviously used those in the sixties 0:06:11.040 --> 0:06:14.159 and seventies. And then you know when you hear about 0:06:15.320 --> 0:06:18.640 the Boston bomber or the Centennial Park bomber, the d 0:06:18.839 --> 0:06:22.880 s yeah, actually homemade bombs, right, it's an improvised explosive device, 0:06:22.960 --> 0:06:26.520 which basically the big distinction is you didn't buy it 0:06:26.600 --> 0:06:30.960 from a from a commercial manufacturer, or it didn't come 0:06:30.960 --> 0:06:33.800 from a commercial manufacturer like a pipe bomb. That's an 0:06:33.960 --> 0:06:37.520 e D. Doesn't have to be in a rock or Afghanistan. 0:06:37.720 --> 0:06:39.360 And like you said, I mean, the reason that they 0:06:39.360 --> 0:06:42.880 are in use and man, they are in use um 0:06:43.040 --> 0:06:47.320 is because they are an effective weapon against a larger, 0:06:47.800 --> 0:06:54.039 especially larger conventional army. Um. It's it's they're cheap, they're 0:06:54.040 --> 0:06:57.760 easy to get the parts too, they're fairly easy to 0:06:57.760 --> 0:07:01.120 put together, and apparently there's a lot of information out 0:07:01.160 --> 0:07:03.960 there about how to do it. Like the Times Square 0:07:04.000 --> 0:07:06.840 bombing that was foiled a couple of years back. The 0:07:07.320 --> 0:07:11.120 bomb that that guy had was virtually identical to the 0:07:11.120 --> 0:07:15.360 ones used in the Boston marathon bombing. So clearly there's 0:07:15.400 --> 0:07:18.240 some instruction out there that people who want to can 0:07:18.280 --> 0:07:20.880 get to and make these things from just part you 0:07:20.920 --> 0:07:23.360 buy at the store. Yeah, the internet, giveth in it 0:07:23.440 --> 0:07:26.000 take it away for sure. Yeah right, all right, So 0:07:26.040 --> 0:07:28.760 you want to talk about the basic parts of an 0:07:28.760 --> 0:07:31.720 I D. Yeah, there's five of them. You've got your 0:07:31.720 --> 0:07:39.080 power supply um. You basically you're trigger in your detonator. 0:07:39.160 --> 0:07:44.040 Need electricity um usually from like say a battery or 0:07:44.200 --> 0:07:46.880 UM battery. Yeah, I mean it should be as simple 0:07:46.920 --> 0:07:50.200 as like a flashlight battery. Yeah, so that's pretty scary. 0:07:51.080 --> 0:07:55.360 The trigger is, uh, the switch that sets the device off. 0:07:55.360 --> 0:07:58.160 It's usually like sometimes can be a trip wire, but 0:07:58.240 --> 0:08:01.440 usually or a timer. But most times it's like a 0:08:01.480 --> 0:08:04.480 firing button where someone is watching that they actually press 0:08:04.680 --> 0:08:07.880 or a radio signal from like say a cell phone 0:08:07.960 --> 0:08:12.320 or something. Yeah, anything that can relay information that can 0:08:12.360 --> 0:08:16.920 trigger an event to that trigger, like a garage store opener, 0:08:17.200 --> 0:08:21.560 cell phone, radio whatever. Um, that makes a pretty handy 0:08:21.760 --> 0:08:26.880 trigger switch. That's right. So the detonator that is the uh, 0:08:27.000 --> 0:08:29.720 the small charge that sets off the larger charge. I 0:08:29.760 --> 0:08:32.680 don't know, we talked about this since something oh building 0:08:32.720 --> 0:08:36.240 implosions exactly. Yeah, there you go. Yeah, it's kind of 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:39.520 the same thing. Yeah, you're taking a little charge because 0:08:39.520 --> 0:08:41.720 it doesn't take quite as much to set that one off, 0:08:42.280 --> 0:08:46.120 and then you use the energy, the force created from 0:08:46.120 --> 0:08:49.400 that one to explode the larger charge, the main charge 0:08:49.400 --> 0:08:53.439 of the primary charge. And um, you can actually use 0:08:53.480 --> 0:08:59.480 conventional weapons, conventional bombs like an unexploded landline as um. 0:08:59.640 --> 0:09:05.000 The primary charge, right, fertilizer is very handy apparently. Um. 0:09:05.240 --> 0:09:08.240 And then from the main charge, we move on to 0:09:08.520 --> 0:09:11.480 the container. That's the thing that holds everything together, whether 0:09:11.520 --> 0:09:16.360 it's a pressure cooker or an old washing machine or whatever. 0:09:16.559 --> 0:09:19.160 What did they do in Boston pressure cookers? Was that 0:09:19.160 --> 0:09:22.559 what it was? Okay? But they snuck in and backpacks? 0:09:22.600 --> 0:09:25.840 Is that right? Yeah? That is some scary stuff. It 0:09:25.840 --> 0:09:28.920 really takes a lot to not be super freaked out 0:09:29.120 --> 0:09:32.120 at any public event after something like that. You know, 0:09:32.240 --> 0:09:35.080 it definitely takes a little while too for even the 0:09:35.080 --> 0:09:39.040 most rational stable person and say, no, I'm just gonna 0:09:39.080 --> 0:09:42.000 I'm gonna go to this marathon and hang out and 0:09:42.040 --> 0:09:45.000 not worry about things. Yeah, I think it increases vigilance 0:09:45.000 --> 0:09:48.280 for sure. Um, And then of course, like in the 0:09:48.360 --> 0:09:51.600 NFL this year, you know I got the Falcon season tickets, 0:09:51.640 --> 0:09:54.160 they sent out a statement to all the ticket holders 0:09:54.160 --> 0:09:57.000 that you can't like bring bags into the game anymore 0:09:57.080 --> 0:10:01.080 unless they're those clear bags that like high school stud 0:10:01.080 --> 0:10:02.840 it's apt to use. Now, I didn't know you could 0:10:02.880 --> 0:10:05.200 ever bring bags, Like you could bring a backpack into 0:10:05.280 --> 0:10:07.280 the game or something, or a purse or anything like. 0:10:07.320 --> 0:10:08.719 You can't bring any of that stuff in. You can't 0:10:08.760 --> 0:10:10.800 bring a person any longer. No, it's got to be 0:10:10.840 --> 0:10:13.720 like they have a size requirement. It's basically, you know, 0:10:13.840 --> 0:10:15.600 a little small purse that can fet your I D 0:10:15.720 --> 0:10:19.000 and stuff. But yeah, they're putting the kih on that. 0:10:19.240 --> 0:10:21.240 Yeah I can figure I D, but not your I 0:10:21.320 --> 0:10:24.480 E D. That's right. Yeah, that should be their slogan, 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:27.480 which I mean, I guess it's not much to give 0:10:27.600 --> 0:10:30.240 up like a purse. Of course, I don't carry purses, 0:10:30.320 --> 0:10:33.320 so it's not a big inconvenience for me. But you know, 0:10:33.400 --> 0:10:38.080 I mean to ensure that much more safety, yeah, that 0:10:38.160 --> 0:10:40.520 doesn't seem like enough. But it's also part of that 0:10:40.600 --> 0:10:43.840 slippery slope where it's like, Okay, we made that concession, 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.600 and what's the next concession? Taking off your shoes and 0:10:46.679 --> 0:10:48.800 line at the airport? Not that big of a deal. 0:10:49.320 --> 0:10:51.319 But when you add it together with all this other stuff, 0:10:51.360 --> 0:10:55.360 all of a sudden, we're pretty much constantly thinking. There's 0:10:55.480 --> 0:10:59.520 constantly an awareness of the threat that's out there. That's 0:10:59.520 --> 0:11:01.960 probably good to a certain degree that anything. Yes, it is, 0:11:02.000 --> 0:11:03.920 but I think it's also a double edged sword where 0:11:03.960 --> 0:11:07.640 it's like you're maybe you're safer, but you're also more 0:11:07.679 --> 0:11:11.520 stressed out right, you know. Yeah, And it certainly doesn't 0:11:11.559 --> 0:11:15.680 limit the racial profiling and stuff like that, you know, 0:11:15.720 --> 0:11:18.360 after events like that and you're people are staring down 0:11:18.480 --> 0:11:21.079 people of different colors and races and oh yeah, I'm 0:11:21.080 --> 0:11:24.000 sure like the random pat down through like a T 0:11:24.160 --> 0:11:27.760 S A line is pretty far from random. Yeah, you know. True. 0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:34.000 See our podcast on on No flight lists. Wright do 0:11:34.080 --> 0:11:38.160 one on that, Yeah, I genuinely don't recall it. Give 0:11:38.200 --> 0:11:42.760 yourself a break, buddy, Yeah, but I would think like 0:11:43.040 --> 0:11:45.520 I could remember any of them eventually if you said 0:11:45.559 --> 0:11:47.960 the title. Yeah, we did one on no fly lists, 0:11:49.040 --> 0:11:51.199 like how do you land yourself on a no fly list? Okay, 0:11:51.480 --> 0:11:55.800 on a government list of like no fly That was 0:11:55.920 --> 0:11:58.280 my fault. I said the wrong title. That's why I 0:11:58.320 --> 0:12:00.960 wasn't jogged. Yeah, we did one on like flying and stuff. 0:12:02.040 --> 0:12:05.400 All right, So there's there are other things packed inside 0:12:05.480 --> 0:12:09.200 these devices as well, basically for use to shrapnel, um, 0:12:09.280 --> 0:12:12.640 anything from nails to ball bearings. Um. Sometimes it can 0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:17.679 be toxic chemicals to cause fire. It can be all 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:21.640 sorts of nasty things, um. Yeah. And it could be 0:12:21.720 --> 0:12:23.679 part of a dirty bomb. It can be like the 0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:27.440 means to get a dirty bomb exploded. Right, Well, Chuck, 0:12:27.679 --> 0:12:29.480 before we go any further, you want to do maybe 0:12:29.480 --> 0:12:38.800 a message break, I think so, Chuck. So we've talked 0:12:38.840 --> 0:12:42.040 about what parts there are to a um an I e. 0:12:42.160 --> 0:12:45.440 Ed Um, let's talk about how they fit together. And 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:47.280 obviously we're not going to give you any kind of 0:12:47.320 --> 0:12:51.439 instructional step by step, um, but there I mean, there's 0:12:51.480 --> 0:12:57.080 just general information about how how they fit together. So 0:12:57.080 --> 0:12:59.240 you've got your power source, which we talked about, and 0:12:59.280 --> 0:13:01.440 that's going to give you the electricity that you need 0:13:01.960 --> 0:13:06.840 to power the trigger and the detonator. So that's how 0:13:06.880 --> 0:13:09.760 those fit together, right, Um. And then you've got the 0:13:09.800 --> 0:13:13.560 trigger which activates the detonator, which also requires some sort 0:13:13.559 --> 0:13:18.040 of power um or also draws power from the power source. Uh. 0:13:18.080 --> 0:13:20.280 And the trigger can be it can be said on 0:13:20.320 --> 0:13:23.840 a timer like the old like sticks of dynamite with 0:13:23.880 --> 0:13:27.720 the clock. The timer that's an I E. D. I 0:13:27.760 --> 0:13:34.600 suppose um the Yeah, it could be activated by a 0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:38.360 trip wire. Um, it could. There's all sorts of things 0:13:38.400 --> 0:13:40.040 you can do. Somebody could be standing off in the 0:13:40.080 --> 0:13:45.600 distance watching and pressing a calling a phone. I remember 0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:47.760 we talked about it before. I don't remember which one 0:13:47.800 --> 0:13:51.480 it was, but we talked about supposedly a separatist, the 0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:55.440 Chechen separatist. Maybe it was planning on bombing Red Square 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:59.800 in Moscow in the New Year's before last. And she 0:14:00.080 --> 0:14:02.720 blew up because she got a text message from her 0:14:02.760 --> 0:14:05.760 phone before she made it out of her apartment. She 0:14:05.880 --> 0:14:08.800 got like a happy New Year message from the phone provider. 0:14:09.480 --> 0:14:11.200 I never followed up to make sure that wasn't an 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:14.480 urban legend. But it is a heck of a story. 0:14:14.960 --> 0:14:17.120 I do remember talking about that, and I believe it 0:14:17.920 --> 0:14:20.880 you could just because why not, you know, why not? Uh? 0:14:20.920 --> 0:14:22.400 And then you've got, like I said, we got the 0:14:22.440 --> 0:14:25.520 detonator which provides the energy for the main one, and 0:14:25.560 --> 0:14:29.000 then the main charge which sends a shock wave or 0:14:29.000 --> 0:14:33.440 a blast wave and shrapnel and fire or toxic chemicals 0:14:33.560 --> 0:14:37.400 or whatever outward very fast. Yeah. And the big problem, 0:14:37.480 --> 0:14:39.040 like we said, with I E d s and with 0:14:39.160 --> 0:14:41.000 combating I E d s, is you can make them 0:14:41.040 --> 0:14:44.080 from so many different materials. There's all sorts of different 0:14:44.080 --> 0:14:48.040 types of explosives you can use. Um, the parts you 0:14:48.040 --> 0:14:49.880 can get from just about anywhere. I know, in the 0:14:49.920 --> 0:14:55.160 Boston bombings they used, um, the trigger was triggered via 0:14:55.760 --> 0:15:00.240 an RC car part. They used regular like battery D 0:15:00.360 --> 0:15:03.920 cell batteries. Um. You, so you can get this stuff 0:15:03.920 --> 0:15:06.600 from anywhere. So, like, if you were really interested in 0:15:07.200 --> 0:15:10.280 stopping i E d s from being produced and made 0:15:11.240 --> 0:15:14.960 your supply lines, following supply lines is really difficult. Yeah, 0:15:14.960 --> 0:15:17.440 it's not like you can trace things. Yeah, and they're 0:15:17.480 --> 0:15:20.960 just coming from so many different places. It's like we're 0:15:20.960 --> 0:15:24.640 banning our c cars can't really do that. Yeah, I 0:15:24.680 --> 0:15:28.160 did see where the government is UM trying to track 0:15:28.280 --> 0:15:31.200 this stuff a little bit more. Um, they spent more 0:15:31.200 --> 0:15:35.800 than two hundred million dollars to Pentagon has UH basically 0:15:35.840 --> 0:15:37.760 just trying to get ahold of the problem altogether. But 0:15:38.240 --> 0:15:42.560 they have something called the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat 0:15:42.840 --> 0:15:48.800 Organization or JAI DID right and UM, I think they're 0:15:48.840 --> 0:15:51.400 gonna get about two d and seventeen million dollars this year. 0:15:52.080 --> 0:15:53.880 And one of the things that they're trying to do 0:15:54.160 --> 0:15:57.520 is track some of the stuff out of Pakistan. It 0:15:57.520 --> 0:15:59.640 seems to be one of the main countries where things 0:15:59.680 --> 0:16:03.200 like how see um ammonium nitrate or coming from fertilizer. Yeah, 0:16:03.280 --> 0:16:06.920 in Pakistan saying we kind of have an agricultural um 0:16:07.040 --> 0:16:10.960 sector that needs fertilizer soon. We're not gonna stop making fertilizer. 0:16:11.360 --> 0:16:13.080 What part of the problem is that's also the main 0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:16.640 source of explosive material being used in I E D S. 0:16:17.440 --> 0:16:21.640 Shows you the problem. You're part of the problem at least. UM. 0:16:21.840 --> 0:16:23.400 The The other part of the problem is there's so 0:16:23.440 --> 0:16:26.800 many different ways to deliver an I D. You can 0:16:26.840 --> 0:16:31.120 just put it somewhere. They're very easily hid. Um and 0:16:31.360 --> 0:16:34.880 say like a rubble or trash pile or like you said, 0:16:34.920 --> 0:16:36.960 in the carcass of a dog or a cow or 0:16:37.000 --> 0:16:39.600 something like that, to something that seems innocuous. They can 0:16:39.640 --> 0:16:44.400 be buried. Um, they can be left in a car. Yeah, 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:47.600 those are vehicle born I E. D. S and uh 0:16:47.640 --> 0:16:51.080 that have you seen I'm really into these modern war movies. 0:16:51.520 --> 0:16:55.760 Have you seen hurt Locker is one? I haven't seen 0:16:55.800 --> 0:17:00.160 that one man So good and zero Dark thirty was 0:17:00.200 --> 0:17:02.960 the worst part of the movie. What part where the 0:17:03.040 --> 0:17:06.200 ladies like jumping up and down like yeah, my informants 0:17:06.240 --> 0:17:09.040 coming for the car bomb. That's what happened though, dude, 0:17:09.080 --> 0:17:11.520 and the other girls on the other aunt saying like, 0:17:11.760 --> 0:17:14.280 oh mg, I'm so excited for you. It's like their 0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:20.680 characters suddenly just totally deteriorate, like into just these caricatures, 0:17:20.760 --> 0:17:23.680 like what happened at that part she was jumping up 0:17:23.680 --> 0:17:26.840 and down like yeah, I don't know, man, I think 0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:29.399 she was probably pretty excited. Dude. I just thought it 0:17:29.440 --> 0:17:32.760 was very weird so much so I'm like, what is 0:17:32.880 --> 0:17:36.200 the director trying to do here? Like what she's trying 0:17:36.240 --> 0:17:38.000 to say something that I'm not picking up on it. 0:17:38.160 --> 0:17:40.879 It was just odd. But yes, it was a vehicle 0:17:40.920 --> 0:17:43.919 born explosion, But you liked the movie aside from that. 0:17:43.960 --> 0:17:46.640 Aside from that, yeah, that was pretty cool. Both those 0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:49.240 were Katherine Bigelow by the way, right, but yeah, I 0:17:49.320 --> 0:17:51.600 never saw hurt Locker. Hurt Locker is great. And then 0:17:51.800 --> 0:17:53.840 Green's On was another good one. The Matt Damon one. 0:17:54.240 --> 0:17:57.119 Wasn't that like, um, the born identity for Isn't there 0:17:57.359 --> 0:18:00.320 a lot of people called that? Really? Yeah, well that's 0:18:00.359 --> 0:18:02.520 just silly, wasn't I by the same guy who directed 0:18:02.560 --> 0:18:05.800 it too? Maybe I think it was Paul green Grass 0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:08.639 And yeah, but it was not. That's just silly. It 0:18:08.720 --> 0:18:11.000 was because it was Matt Damon kicking but and Paul 0:18:11.040 --> 0:18:13.919 green Grass. But it was a war movie, not a 0:18:13.960 --> 0:18:18.840 spy movie or whatever those Born movies were. Yeah. Um, 0:18:18.920 --> 0:18:23.439 I'll take issue with that statement. Okay, um, all right, 0:18:23.480 --> 0:18:26.560 So let's talk a a little bit about the explosion itself. 0:18:26.920 --> 0:18:30.800 I said that gas heats up expands rapidly, and how 0:18:30.920 --> 0:18:36.760 rapidly Josh? Um, Well, if you're talking explosion, usually at 0:18:36.840 --> 0:18:42.399 least ft per second four eight meters per second, which 0:18:42.440 --> 0:18:45.000 is a lot that's your blast wave. If you're anywhere 0:18:45.040 --> 0:18:47.399 near that, then you probably are not going to make 0:18:47.440 --> 0:18:50.399 it out. And it um creates a lot of um 0:18:50.560 --> 0:18:56.320 force measured in atmospheric pressure gez. Oh yeah, how many? 0:18:57.240 --> 0:19:01.159 Up to a thousand times the normal atmospheric pressure at 0:19:01.200 --> 0:19:03.760 sea level. So you remember in the diving bell episode 0:19:04.280 --> 0:19:08.360 we're talking about or no, it was the the ejection 0:19:08.400 --> 0:19:11.760 seat episode, we talked about how when you eject from 0:19:11.760 --> 0:19:15.080 a plane, you can be depending on how fast you're going, 0:19:15.080 --> 0:19:17.120 you can be subjected up to twenty g s all 0:19:17.119 --> 0:19:20.639 of a sudden when you when your seat shoots out. 0:19:20.840 --> 0:19:24.640 This is a thousand gees. Alright, so that's gonna send 0:19:24.640 --> 0:19:27.280 that shrapnel at that same speed, which is gonna do 0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:31.639 tons of damage. Their secondary shrapnel from stuff like windows 0:19:31.640 --> 0:19:35.840 and buildings that are going to be splintered and flying around. Uh, 0:19:35.880 --> 0:19:41.239 there's the fire itself, Uh secondary fires. And then this 0:19:41.280 --> 0:19:45.920 one I didn't really think about though. The the vacuum. Yeah, 0:19:46.040 --> 0:19:49.640 apparently can it leaves a vacuum that can like cause 0:19:49.680 --> 0:19:52.160 you to go blind or deaf, And well it blows 0:19:52.200 --> 0:19:55.720 it out so much that, yeah, it causes a partial vacuum, 0:19:55.800 --> 0:19:57.800 and then the air rushes back in to fill it, 0:19:57.840 --> 0:19:59.919 and it brings all that other debris that it's just 0:20:00.040 --> 0:20:02.439 shot out right back into you. So you get it twice. 0:20:02.520 --> 0:20:05.280 I guess if you're in the blast zone, and I 0:20:05.280 --> 0:20:08.600 guess the atmosphere pressure is what can give you like concussions. 0:20:08.600 --> 0:20:11.840 That's the shock wave swelling of the brain, like, um, 0:20:11.880 --> 0:20:14.560 what what is it? A traumatic brain injury which is 0:20:14.600 --> 0:20:18.680 so similar to PTSD. Oh yeah, um. And it also 0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:20.800 points out to I'd never really would have thought about this, 0:20:20.880 --> 0:20:24.520 but air filled tissues and organs like your lungs and 0:20:24.520 --> 0:20:28.080 your bowels can actually be perforated with this pressure change. Yeah, 0:20:28.359 --> 0:20:32.520 that's just unbelievable. Yeah. Um. And like we said, if 0:20:32.520 --> 0:20:35.080 you're close to one of these, you're probably not gonna 0:20:35.119 --> 0:20:37.920 make it out alive. If you're a little further way 0:20:37.960 --> 0:20:42.560 outside that primary blast radius, um, you're likely going to 0:20:42.600 --> 0:20:47.600 be injured. A lot of I think of wounds in 0:20:47.720 --> 0:20:50.679 Afghanistan are still caused by I E. D S. So 0:20:50.760 --> 0:20:53.639 while deaths are down, there's still a lot of guys 0:20:53.680 --> 0:20:57.720 and ladies being wounded. Yeah, you know, losing limbs, there's 0:20:57.760 --> 0:21:00.359 a lot. There's a huge increase in a rock and 0:21:00.400 --> 0:21:06.240 Afghanistan to lost limbs and brain traumatic brain injuries because 0:21:06.320 --> 0:21:11.800 they're being protected from kevlar. Whereas before these these protections 0:21:12.240 --> 0:21:15.359 and the measures that that the military took to protect 0:21:15.480 --> 0:21:20.399 soldiers um were instituted. Prior to that, they would have 0:21:20.480 --> 0:21:22.840 just died, so they wouldn't have been chalked up to 0:21:22.960 --> 0:21:27.440 the casualty or the injured list. They would have been 0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:31.360 chalked up to the dead list. Right. So now it's like, yeah, 0:21:31.359 --> 0:21:34.119 they're being protected, but they're also losing limbs. They're also 0:21:34.200 --> 0:21:37.680 like they they have brain injuries. There's big problems that 0:21:37.720 --> 0:21:40.439 they're carrying along with them as well, which is one 0:21:40.440 --> 0:21:43.760 of the things that's made this war so expensive, um, 0:21:43.920 --> 0:21:46.919 not just financially but in like you know, human costs 0:21:46.960 --> 0:21:49.600 as well. And of course civilians aren't protected at all, 0:21:49.760 --> 0:21:54.240 so they're dying at a rapid rate. So you've got 0:21:54.240 --> 0:21:56.560 I D S. They are out there. There's a problem. 0:21:56.600 --> 0:21:58.960 What have we learned from Iraq and Afghanistan, Like, how 0:21:59.000 --> 0:22:02.840 do you detect against the either use of I E 0:22:02.920 --> 0:22:05.480 d S. Well, one thing that uses dogs to sniff 0:22:05.520 --> 0:22:07.760 them out. I don't know. At some point we have 0:22:07.800 --> 0:22:10.520 a good article on war dogs that we might cover, 0:22:11.240 --> 0:22:14.040 but dogs is one way. Um, like I said, just 0:22:14.160 --> 0:22:19.280 living in country and learning that. You know, every time 0:22:19.320 --> 0:22:21.680 one of those goes off, they probably learn a new 0:22:21.720 --> 0:22:24.879 method to add to the list, which is scary but 0:22:24.960 --> 0:22:27.639 also great to be there and sort of get inside 0:22:27.640 --> 0:22:30.320 their head a little bit. Paying attention and being suspicious 0:22:30.400 --> 0:22:34.359 is another one. Yeah, Like there's an instance that's given 0:22:34.359 --> 0:22:38.520 in this article about a marine spotter who noticed a 0:22:38.560 --> 0:22:46.359 man outside of Habania, Iraq who is videotaping a convoy. Yeah, 0:22:46.400 --> 0:22:48.199 it's like that's kind of a dig giveaway that this 0:22:48.240 --> 0:22:50.320 guy should be checked out. I guess they looked at 0:22:50.400 --> 0:22:52.320