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Speaker 1: Hello everybody. It is Saturday, which means we are bringing

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Speaker 1: another classic episode into your podcast feed. Up until now

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Speaker 1: we have stuck with episodes that were recorded during Hollies

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Speaker 1: in my time as hosts, but today we're going back

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Speaker 1: a little bit farther in the archive. Our latest new

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Speaker 1: episode of the show was on A Mean Pasha who

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Speaker 1: was air quotes rescued from Uganda by journalist and explorer

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Speaker 1: Stanley in the late nineteenth century. Prior hosts Deablina and

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Speaker 1: Sarah also talked about Stanley in their eleven episode Dr

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Speaker 1: Livingston I presume uh And this episode talks about Henry Stanley,

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Speaker 1: David Livingstone, and Stanley's mission to find Livingston in Central

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Speaker 1: Africa after he fell out of contact with the rest

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Speaker 1: of the world. So we thought listeners who haven't heard

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Speaker 1: this past episode might want to hear about a different

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Speaker 1: but connected part of Stanley's career in the years before

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Speaker 1: his expedition to relieve I Mean Pasha. One quick note,

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Speaker 1: listeners have asked us to give him a heads up.

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Speaker 1: There's gonna be cannibalism and there is so other than that.

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Speaker 1: Enjoy Welcome to Stuff you missed in History class from

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Speaker 1: How Stuff Works dot Com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm Blaine and Chuck Recording, and

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Speaker 1: today we're gonna start our podcast off with one of

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Speaker 1: the most famous lines in history. Probably heard it in movies,

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Speaker 1: TV shows, probably said it yourself. Here it goes Dr Livingstone.

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Speaker 1: I presume, yes, that's the line. Maybe you've even played

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Speaker 1: like Stanley and Livingston. I think I think I might

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Speaker 1: have done that when I was a kid. That was

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Speaker 1: just my first time doing it right there and really

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Speaker 1: my debut. How about that. We've got it on on tape.

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Speaker 1: So that line, originally before it was spoken by Dablino,

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Speaker 1: was spoken by Henry Morton Stanley to Dr David Livingstone

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Speaker 1: in one and that's in this Welsh turned American newspaperman

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Speaker 1: will explain that transformation. A little later found the famous

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Speaker 1: Scottish explorer in Africa. They were in this tiny town

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Speaker 1: called u g g which is now in Tanzania. And um,

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Speaker 1: it's actually just for a little reference. It might actually

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Speaker 1: help to pull up a map or something for this podcast,

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Speaker 1: but just to give you a little bit of a reference.

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Speaker 1: That's really near the National Park where Jane Goodall worked

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Speaker 1: But the really interesting thing about this quote that we

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Speaker 1: opened up with is that Stanley may have never really

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Speaker 1: said it in the first place. Livingston doesn't mention it,

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Speaker 1: and the page where it would have been in Stanley's

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Speaker 1: journal was actually ripped out, But the two men are

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Speaker 1: still forever linked by this by what he said. Yeah. Well,

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Speaker 1: and that's because finding Livingston alive after six years without

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Speaker 1: contact with the outside world made Stanley into a huge

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Speaker 1: journalist star, so famous that he was ultimately knighted, and

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Speaker 1: being found by Stanley in turn made Livingston even more

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Speaker 1: of a star than he already was. It kind of

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Speaker 1: created this myth of Livingston as the saintly missionary too,

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Speaker 1: especially when he refuses to leave Africa with Stanley and

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Speaker 1: go back home to England. Yeah, you really can't talk

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Speaker 1: about one of them without the other. No, So y'all

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Speaker 1: are in luck because this is going to be a

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Speaker 1: dual biography podcast, which happens once Intle Blue Moon. So

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Speaker 1: we'll go ahead and get started with a question. How

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Speaker 1: did Dr David Livingston find himself and Gigi in the

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Speaker 1: first place. Well, it was largely because of his difficult

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Speaker 1: Scottish upbringing and strict faith. He was born in eighteen

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Speaker 1: thirteen and he lived with six siblings in a single

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Speaker 1: room tenement, so really cramped space. Meager beginnings, and he

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Speaker 1: worked in a cotton mill at the age of ten,

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Speaker 1: so so a hard early life. But he's really interested

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Speaker 1: in bettering himself and pursuing an education, and in his

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Speaker 1: early twenties he became determined to become a missionary, and

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Speaker 1: so he started studying away. He worked on Greek and

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Speaker 1: medicine and theology while he was still working at the

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Speaker 1: mill part time, which I find pretty impressive. And by

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Speaker 1: thirty eight it really paid off and he was accepted

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Speaker 1: into the London Missionary Society. And his original intention was

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Speaker 1: to go be a missionary in China, but the Opium

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Speaker 1: Wars or the First Opium War was going on at

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Speaker 1: this time and it wasn't safe for him to go

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Speaker 1: to China, so instead he wound up in South Africa.

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Speaker 1: And he had a pretty adventurous life, to say the

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Speaker 1: least in South Africa. Yes he did. He explored and

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Speaker 1: traveled further north from South Africa than any other European

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Speaker 1: had before him. He was also mauled by a lion,

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Speaker 1: something that stuck with him for the rest of his life.

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Speaker 1: He had a crooked elbow and had to sight a

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Speaker 1: gun from the left. Yeah. Well, I would think even

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Speaker 1: if you didn't have a crooked elbow, that would still

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Speaker 1: stick with you for a while. From that, he also

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Speaker 1: won a gold medal from the British Royal Geographic Society

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Speaker 1: after leading an expedition that located lake Land Gani. But

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Speaker 1: his real hopes for his time in Africa were Christianity,

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Speaker 1: commerce and civilization. At least that's what he said. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that was kind of his his line about what he

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Speaker 1: wanted to do while he was in Africa. And of

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Speaker 1: course now it seems pretty Victorian, narrow minded and kind

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Speaker 1: of silly to think that you, this one man from

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Speaker 1: Scotland can bring Christianity, commerce and civilization to an entire continent.

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Speaker 1: But what Livingstone was really hoping to do was to

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Speaker 1: open up the continent's interior and his his motive for

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Speaker 1: that was was admirable. It was to try to create

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Speaker 1: a trade route to the Atlantic that would undercut the

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Speaker 1: slave trade that was still going on, and it was

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Speaker 1: it was pretty bad, and he was very disturbed by

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Speaker 1: it and wanted to figure out some way to to

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Speaker 1: combat it. Yeah, and if he converted some folks along

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Speaker 1: the way, more the better. He that was something else

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Speaker 1: that he wanted to do, but it wasn't. Yeah, I know,

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Speaker 1: very good at that, very good at it at all.

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Speaker 1: And according to Stanley and Livingston biographer Tim ChIL, Livingstone

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Speaker 1: really only made one convert. This was truly amazing, and

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Speaker 1: the convert lapsed later, so very unsuccessful in that respect.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of amazing too when you hear that figure,

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Speaker 1: which I think just emerged in the nineteen seventies, because

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Speaker 1: Livingston does have such a reputation as this amazingly successful

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Speaker 1: missionary and explorer. But anyways, even if his missionary work

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Speaker 1: didn't prove to be that successful, his explorations definitely made

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Speaker 1: him a famous and he was especially famous in the

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Speaker 1: eighteen fifties, which is after he explored the Zambezi region

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Speaker 1: and named Victoria falls Um there was Queen Victoria again

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Speaker 1: like popping up in so many episodes. And after he

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Speaker 1: got back to London from that exploration, he published missionary

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Speaker 1: Travels and Researches in South Africa and sold seventy thousand

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Speaker 1: cops bees. And I mean this is he was a

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Speaker 1: little bit famous before this, but this made him into

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Speaker 1: a superstar explorer, somebody who would be mobbed on the

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Speaker 1: streets of London. Yeah. But his next expedition was much

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Speaker 1: less successful, right, Yeah, Yeah, his wife actually died, his

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Speaker 1: crew quarreled, and he was recalled in eighteen sixty three

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Speaker 1: because not much came out of it. I mean, I

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Speaker 1: think some scientific efforts came out of it, but not

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Speaker 1: much besides that. Yeah, I mean, folks were afraid that

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Speaker 1: he died if he stayed out there any longer. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So it left him in a really bad spot. He

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Speaker 1: was getting older and he was pretty weathered from his

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Speaker 1: earlier travels. As you mentioned the lion lion maulling, lion

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Speaker 1: mauling injuries. Um, we're still hanging around and causing him problems,

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Speaker 1: and he needed to in illness. You're right, but he

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Speaker 1: also needed cash one last great adventure, so maybe one

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Speaker 1: last great adventure would do it and a best seller,

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Speaker 1: maybe out of vent Feller. So that's what he's hoping

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Speaker 1: to do. And so in eighteen sixty four, Sir Roderick Murchison,

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Speaker 1: who was the head of the Royal Geographic Society at

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Speaker 1: the time, asked Livingstone, who was his old buddy to

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Speaker 1: to go out on that one last, one last track

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Speaker 1: and try to find the source of the nile. So

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Speaker 1: trying to find the nile was apparently an old Explorers game,

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Speaker 1: one that had been going on for a very long time,

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Speaker 1: perhaps starting with Herodotus in four sixty b C. But

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Speaker 1: it had been in the news a lot at this time,

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Speaker 1: you know, in the past few years, because as recently

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Speaker 1: as eighteen fifty eight, the explorer Richard Burton another strange

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Speaker 1: name that doesn't quite fit in that time, had challenged

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Speaker 1: his old buddy John speak Um, who had claimed that

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Speaker 1: he had found the River's head at a lake that

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Speaker 1: he named Victoria. So these two old friends were going

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Speaker 1: to have basically a an explorer talk off or something,

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Speaker 1: you know, like some sort of match. I think it

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Speaker 1: was built as a gladiatorial match actually, Um and they

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Speaker 1: were going to debate the claims at the Royal Geographic Society.

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Speaker 1: But unfortunately speak turned up dead the day before from

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Speaker 1: a self inflicted gunshot wound Um, perhaps just overcome by

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Speaker 1: the stress of this debate. So this was something that

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Speaker 1: was on people's minds, clearly, trying to find the source

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Speaker 1: of the nile. It sounds a little old fashioned now,

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Speaker 1: but it was a big deal, yeah, and Livingston wasn't

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Speaker 1: one to back down from a challenge. He accepted and

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Speaker 1: he left August eight, sixty five and fully expected to

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Speaker 1: come back in two years time. But his expedition got

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Speaker 1: off to a bad start right from the beginning. As

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Speaker 1: we mentioned, his health was not good. He had to

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Speaker 1: take these roundabout ways to get where he was trying

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Speaker 1: to go, and he ended up getting deserted by some

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Speaker 1: of his followers, who after they deserted him, they cooked

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Speaker 1: up the story that he was in fact dead, so

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Speaker 1: they were afraid they'd get in troubles that I just said, Oh,

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Speaker 1: Livingston died back on the the trail, So there's this

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Speaker 1: rumor now that he is dead, and even though word

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Speaker 1: gets out within a year that he actually is still alive.

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Speaker 1: He's really lucky to be so because another deserter stole

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Speaker 1: his medical chest. He decided to keep going. And I mean, meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: he was pressing further and further into the interior of

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Speaker 1: the continent and really didn't have any safety nets in

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Speaker 1: place at all. So by July eight he was really

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Speaker 1: just too weak to go on by himself, so he

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Speaker 1: joins up with some Arab traders, which is a moral

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Speaker 1: dilemma for him because, as we mentioned before, he so

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Speaker 1: opposed the slave trade. But they helped keep him alive,

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Speaker 1: and they helped him get to Lake Tanganika in February

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Speaker 1: eighteen sixty nine. Yeah, and from there he finally makes

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Speaker 1: it to Niangue, which is located on the Lualaba River,

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Speaker 1: which is today in Western Democrat a Republic of Congo.

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Speaker 1: And at this point it was further west than any

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Speaker 1: European have traveled. And just to give you a little

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Speaker 1: idea of how isolated it is, it's about one thousand

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Speaker 1: miles from the Atlantic Ocean and about one thousand miles

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Speaker 1: from the Indian Ocean, and so way way out there. Okay,

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Speaker 1: But there's one little catch about hanging out with these

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Speaker 1: slave traders from Persia and Arabia and Oman. They know

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Speaker 1: that Livingstone is anti slavery and that their current work

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Speaker 1: isn't very popular around the world. So they are willing

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Speaker 1: to take care of him, to give him food and shelter,

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Speaker 1: and to essentially save his life. I mean, he would

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Speaker 1: have been out of luck out here on his own.

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Speaker 1: But they won't let him send any letters home because

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Speaker 1: then everybody will know from famous Livingstone exactly where they are,

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Speaker 1: exactly how far in they've gotten to the interior. So

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Speaker 1: that's why Livingstone, even though he is live and semi well,

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Speaker 1: is lost to the world. So in eighteen sixty nine,

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Speaker 1: the young journalist Henry Stanley, now we're on his story

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Speaker 1: a little bit, he pitches an idea to his editor,

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Speaker 1: James Gordon Bennett Jr. Of the New York Herald, and

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Speaker 1: he proposes that he go to Africa, find Livingstone, dead

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Speaker 1: or alive, and write about it. Yeah, and it'll be

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Speaker 1: the biggest story of the year. So Bennett agrees to this,

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Speaker 1: seeing its merits, and Stanley is off on his most

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Speaker 1: famous adventure. But he had a pretty wildlife up to

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Speaker 1: that point. He was well prepaired for future wild time. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: In fact, his name isn't even really Henry Stanley. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: He was born at John Rowlands in eighteen forty one

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Speaker 1: in Wales to Elizabeth Perry, who I saw described in

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Speaker 1: different sources as a housemaid or in one case the prostitute,

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Speaker 1: and John Rowlands, who was likely the town drunk. So

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Speaker 1: he was raised by unwilling relatives, you know, this illegitimate

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Speaker 1: child and spent some time in the workhouse, and it

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Speaker 1: must have been a difficult childhood for him, and um,

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Speaker 1: it must have been pretty tumultuous moving around. But it

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Speaker 1: might not be quite as Dickensian as he made it

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Speaker 1: out to be. We're gonna learn over the course of

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Speaker 1: Stanley's life that he is prone to exaggerating things or

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Speaker 1: just outright telling lies. Um, the workhouse was was probably

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Speaker 1: not quite as brutal, But at age fifteen he decided

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Speaker 1: to leave it nevertheless, and he hops on board a

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Speaker 1: ship bound for New Orleans and ends up taking the

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Speaker 1: name of this cotton merchant named Henry Hope Stanley. And

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Speaker 1: this is one of the weirdest parts of the story

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Speaker 1: in my opinion, again because of later sketchiness from Stanley

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Speaker 1: from the the News Stanley, we're not quite sure what

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Speaker 1: their relationship was, because he makes it out to be

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Speaker 1: like the elder Stanley, Henry Hope Stanley was a father figure,

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Speaker 1: you know, somebody who pretty much adopted him and helped

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Speaker 1: him get on his feet. And um, he took his

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Speaker 1: name sort of as um an homage to him. But

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Speaker 1: he might have not even known him, or not known

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Speaker 1: him well at least Yeah, he could have been a

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Speaker 1: total stranger, right. So this newly made Stanley sets out, however,

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Speaker 1: to Americanize himself. From this point, he picks up an accent.

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Speaker 1: He joins a Confederate regiment from Arkansas called the Dixie Grays,

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Speaker 1: and he fights at Shiloh. He is then captured imprisoned

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Speaker 1: at Fort Douglas and he switches side. So he switches

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Speaker 1: to the Union Army. He's given the option to either

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Speaker 1: stay in prison or switched to the Union, and you know,

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Speaker 1: what the heck because he's a Welshman anyway. So then

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Speaker 1: he deserts, however, and he heads back to Wales for

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Speaker 1: a little while. Yeah, And it's interesting because he doesn't

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Speaker 1: just stay in Wales. I think he's rebuffed by his

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Speaker 1: mother again. Um. He comes back to the United States

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Speaker 1: and he spent some time gold prospecting out west, and

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Speaker 1: then he becomes a journalist and he reports from places

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Speaker 1: like Turkey, Iowa, and Ethiopia. Know, Iowa doesn't sound quite

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Speaker 1: as exotic in that list that at the time, definitely, So, yeah,

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Speaker 1: there were good stories to be told out there. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so just this kind of wild roving life. It reminded

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Speaker 1: me a little bit of um. An earlier podcast we

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Speaker 1: did on the Stars of the wild West. They all

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Speaker 1: have these lives where they're just all over the world,

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Speaker 1: crazy things happening. He certainly seems to attract adventure, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and at this point he's ready for a new one

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Speaker 1: and for fame as well. So that's why he approaches

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Speaker 1: Bennett with the story to find Livingstone. So he gets

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Speaker 1: his assignment. But after just three months in the African interior,

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Speaker 1: Stanley is down forty pounds, and he's sick with malaria

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Speaker 1: and dysenterry, and he's having trouble with his travel companions.

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Speaker 1: His thoroughbred stallion dies almost immediately. One human travel companion

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Speaker 1: dies of encephalitis. Another tries to shoot Stanley and then

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Speaker 1: dies a little bit later. And on his way to Tabora,

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Speaker 1: which was this big Arab trap aiding town in the interior,

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Speaker 1: so imagine a place with mansions and um very built up,

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Speaker 1: Stanley writes his first dispatch to the newspaper. He hadn't

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Speaker 1: really written much along the way, and he explains himself

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Speaker 1: in this five thousand word letter saying, essentially, I've been

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Speaker 1: using all of my strength to stay alive on the trail.

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Speaker 1: I haven't really had time to write. I hope I'll

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Speaker 1: be able to write more later if you, gentle readers

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Speaker 1: will be willing to hear it. But he does give

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Speaker 1: um kind of an ultimatum about finding livingstone. He does.

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Speaker 1: He says, until I hear more of livingstone or see

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Speaker 1: the absent old man face to face, I bid you farewell.

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Speaker 1: But wherever he is, be sure I shall not give

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Speaker 1: up the chase. If alive, you shall hear what he

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Speaker 1: has to say. If dead, I will find him and

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Speaker 1: bring his bones to you. I thought that was pretty

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Speaker 1: dramatic to not just say bring back his bones, bring

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Speaker 1: his bones to you the reader, the subscriber of this

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Speaker 1: New York newspaper, pretty wild. So he is hanging out

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Speaker 1: into Bora, not hanging out, you know, recovering, getting his

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Speaker 1: supplies together. But he's gotten word that a white man

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Speaker 1: has been spotted in Ugigi, which is only two miles

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Speaker 1: away or so, so that's where he's going to head.

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Speaker 1: There are a few roadblocks, like tribal wars actually blocking

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Speaker 1: the charted route, so he's gotta beat this new path

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Speaker 1: through the north. And the other issue is that he's

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Speaker 1: suffering from cerebral malaria, and having visions and delusions, and

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Speaker 1: once he recovers from that, miraculously does not die from it.

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Speaker 1: He catches smallpox, so pretty sickly himself, certainly surprisingly sickly

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Speaker 1: to go out looking for this other man. So Stanley

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Speaker 1: is not doing so hot. Meanwhile, in Nionggue, Livingstone's little

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Speaker 1: rest breaking comes to an end after some of the

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Speaker 1: traders massacre villagers, so he's out of paper. All this

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Speaker 1: craziness is going on, He's out of ink. He's writing

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Speaker 1: on scraps with root dye, but he basically has no help,

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Speaker 1: so he flees the situation, but he gets sick again

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Speaker 1: as he does that. He has dysentery and swollen feet.

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Speaker 1: He heads to Eugigi, about four hundred five hundred miles away,

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Speaker 1: so quite the hike for someone who's very ill, definitely,

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Speaker 1: but he's hoping that when he gets to the consulate

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Speaker 1: they'll have sent supplies. But when he gets there there's

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Speaker 1: not anything, yes, so he is out of luck. He's

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Speaker 1: in Eugiji, which is pretty isolated again, and his options

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Speaker 1: are essentially to die of starvation and sickness or to

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Speaker 1: become a beggar on the streets. So he is mulling

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Speaker 1: over this, this terrible fallen fortunes. And meanwhile Stanley is

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Speaker 1: pushing through his cerebral malaria and his smallpox, and he

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Speaker 1: gets about halfway to Eugigi through the uncharted territory, and

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Speaker 1: by November one, eight seventy one, he finally gets to

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Speaker 1: the Mala Garassi River, where this is so sad. A

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Speaker 1: crocodile eats his donkey. So, I mean his stallion's already died.

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Speaker 1: Is that a guy shoot at him and now a

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Speaker 1: crocodile eats his donkey? Yeah? I feel like you could

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Speaker 1: almost write a country song about this. It might have

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Speaker 1: to be an alligator, right. But by November ten, he

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Speaker 1: enters Eugigi with American flags waving. According to Livingston, however,

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Speaker 1: it was actually some time between October, but somewhere in

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Speaker 1: that month time. I think we can forgive them for

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Speaker 1: getting a little off on their count. Oh yeah, but

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Speaker 1: you know, Livingston sees this American caravan entering the city

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Speaker 1: and thinks that this must be some really rich traveler,

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Speaker 1: and I wonder what they're doing here. And when he

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Speaker 1: sees Stanley all clad in white flannel with a hat,

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Speaker 1: you know, I mean, he looks exact lee how you'd

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Speaker 1: picture a cartoon explorer or something. He thinks that Stanley

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Speaker 1: is so proper looking that he must be French despite

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Speaker 1: the American flags, and he actually writes something later that's

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Speaker 1: that's kind of funny. Essentially, he thinks, I can't speak French,

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Speaker 1: and how ridiculous is it going to be if we

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Speaker 1: run into each other and we can't communicate. Fortunately, though

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Speaker 1: Stanley is this nouveaux American and speaks English, and they

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Speaker 1: have their famous conversation Dr Livingstone, I presume yes, I

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Speaker 1: thank god, doctor, I've been permitted to see you. I

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Speaker 1: feel thankful I'm here to welcome you. So troubling with emotion.

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Speaker 1: Quite a solemn conversation. Actually, I looked up a YouTube

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Speaker 1: video of the old movie, and that's exactly how it

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Speaker 1: goes down, except I guess they have different inflections on

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Speaker 1: their words. Still pretty pretty low key, though, you think

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Speaker 1: they'd be maybe really excited to see each other at last, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: especially after everything they had gone through to find each other.

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Speaker 1: But regardless, even though their first meeting may have been underwhelming,

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Speaker 1: they do become very good friends. Stanley deliver supplies to Livingston,

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Speaker 1: and Livingston takes Stanley on some exploring trips around the area. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they go tour the lake and they actually go out

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Speaker 1: exploring together for about a month, with Stanley sort of

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Speaker 1: picking up tricks from the the old Explorer. And by

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Speaker 1: the time that they're back to E. G G again,

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Speaker 1: Stanley still can't persuade Livingston to come back to England.

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Speaker 1: And it's it's kind of interesting. Stanley's original plan was

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Speaker 1: to go confirm Livingstone's status alive or dead, and then

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Speaker 1: immediately head back to somewhere where he could send off

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Speaker 1: his newspaper report. It's interesting that he took the time

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Speaker 1: to stall and to try to persuade Livingston to come

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Speaker 1: back with him. But Livingston wants to keep searching for

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Speaker 1: the Nile source. I mean, he is obsessed with that goal,

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Speaker 1: and so they part ways. Livingstone is helped out by Stanley,

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Speaker 1: you know, Stanley gets some some supplies and men to

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Speaker 1: go along with him, and when they part Livingstone tells

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Speaker 1: him you have done what few men could do, and

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Speaker 1: I am grateful, and so that's the end of Livingston. Essentially.

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Speaker 1: He dies May one, eighteen seventy three, and his heart

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Speaker 1: is buried in Africa and his body is mummified and

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Speaker 1: returned to England where it's buried in Westminster Abbey. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and Stanley heads out. He gets his scoop on May second,

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Speaker 1: eighteen seventy two. The headline reads Livingstone Safe and like

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Speaker 1: we said earlier, I think they run this story for

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Speaker 1: about a year. They really milk everything they can out

379
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Speaker 1: of it. But that famous quote, we've got to address

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Speaker 1: that because it's pretty unclear if Stanley ever even said it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he swore that he said it. He mentioned it in

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Speaker 1: two dispatches, but it's not in his journal. Those pages

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Speaker 1: are torn out. So yeah, so it's possible that by

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Speaker 1: the time he got back from Africa, got the quote,

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Speaker 1: which had gone ahead of him, was way too big

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Speaker 1: of a deal for him to back out of. In

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Speaker 1: any way, we don't know if he said it or not.

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Speaker 1: It's a pretty well thought out thing to say it is,

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Speaker 1: And even if it remains a mystery, I don't think

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Speaker 1: it takes away from the adventure. That just makes a

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Speaker 1: good account. Definitely. Um So, Stanley, regardless of whether he

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Speaker 1: said the quote, became incredibly famous, and after Livingston died,

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Speaker 1: he himself decided to search for the Nile source sort

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Speaker 1: of picking up this this old friend's quest and his

395
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Speaker 1: accounts um really entranced the public his his accounts of

396
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Speaker 1: his later explorations, but they scandalized the Royal Geographic Society

397
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Speaker 1: because he resorts to violence and brutality with native people.

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Speaker 1: He um has, he shoots people. He hangs several of

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Speaker 1: his quarters, I think three of them throughout his career

400
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Speaker 1: for deserting and um, that's not something that an explorer

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Speaker 1: was supposed to do. I mean, clearly, But the Royal

402
00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:09,000
Speaker 1: Geographic Society doesn't think so either. It's it's a different

403
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Speaker 1: kind of man. It's not the explorer who comes and

404
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Speaker 1: observes and um take something home. However, a lot of

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Speaker 1: people think that Stanley may have actually exaggerated this right,

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Speaker 1: I mean a lot of the violence and the casualties

407
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Speaker 1: of his expositions, he might have just been sort of

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Speaker 1: inflating them to impress his Victorian readers because he wanted

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Speaker 1: to put a good story out there. She is also

410
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Speaker 1: disturbing to that Victorian readers wanted as many murders as possible.

411
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Speaker 1: But he was a boaster and it is really hard

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Speaker 1: to tell with his life what was fact and what

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Speaker 1: was fiction. But his reputation definitely got worse when he

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Speaker 1: assisted King Leopold the Second of Belgium in establishing trading

415
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Speaker 1: posts at the Congo River, so essentially opening up Congo

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Speaker 1: all the way up to Stanley Falls and um Stanley Falls,

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Speaker 1: of course, is a spot that was later called the

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Speaker 1: Interstation by Joseph Conrad. If any of you have read

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Speaker 1: Heart of Darkness, you know what kind of atrocities occurred

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Speaker 1: in the Belgian Congo. It's possibly a subject for a

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Speaker 1: very sad podcast, very deeply disturbing podcast of the Fitch

422
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Speaker 1: requested before. But just this association with King Leopold the

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Speaker 1: Second in the Belgium Congo really has forever tainted Stanley's name.

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Speaker 1: I mean, he's probably best associated with Livingstone. But this

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Speaker 1: comes in next. He was also damaged by his third

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Speaker 1: and last African expedition in the late eighteen eighties, and

427
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Speaker 1: this was due mainly to the behavior of his rear column.

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Speaker 1: The man who was left in charge was killed and

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Speaker 1: most famously Whiskey Air James Jamison bought an eleven year

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Speaker 1: old girl, sold her to cannibals and watched as she

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Speaker 1: was killed and eaten, and he drew it. That was

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Speaker 1: the point of it that he could document the whole

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Speaker 1: thing very disturbing and obviously that's even a little too

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Speaker 1: much for these Victorian readers who like his much blood

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Speaker 1: and violence as possible. And um, when he comes back

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Speaker 1: to England, he goes through a career change essentially, he

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Speaker 1: gets married, he adopted a son, and he was re

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Speaker 1: naturalized as a British citizen and goes on to become

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Speaker 1: an MP of all things. Um, he has a country state.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's just this such a strange life, you know,

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Speaker 1: going from a workhouse to Africa to a country estate.

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Speaker 1: But I don't know, I guess that's Henry Stanley for you. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: very strange ending to kind of a bizarre adventurous life. Yeah, definitely. So,

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Speaker 1: I mean that's our dual biography. One guy ends up

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Speaker 1: in a country estate, one guy ends up with his

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Speaker 1: heart buried in Africa and his mummified body in Westminster.

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Speaker 1: App Hey, since these episodes that we're sharing on our

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Speaker 1: past classics have some updated information that will supersede the

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Speaker 1: contact stuff you've heard before. If you want to email us,

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Speaker 1: our email address is History Podcast at how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com and you can find us across the spectrum

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Speaker 1: of social media as Missed in History. You can also

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Speaker 1: find us at Missed in History dot com, and you

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Speaker 1: can visit our parent company house to Works at how

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Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com for more on this and thousands

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Speaker 1: of other topics. Does it How staff works dot com