1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,640 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one, 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:07,080 Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature. 3 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:12,600 Speaker 1: Enjoy the show. Hi, I'm Eves, and welcome to this 4 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:16,400 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a show that uncovers history one 5 00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:31,960 Speaker 1: day at a time. The day was January. An add 6 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,880 Speaker 1: in the Morning Chronicle announced the publication of the novel 7 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:38,839 Speaker 1: Pride and Prejudice, by the author of Sense and Sensibility. 8 00:00:39,880 --> 00:00:43,040 Speaker 1: The three volumes set would be sold at eighteen shillings, 9 00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: and the unnamed author, of course, was Jane Austen. Jane 10 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: Austen was born on December sixteen, seventeen seventy and Stepnon, 11 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:58,400 Speaker 1: Hampshire in England. Her mother was Cassandra Austen and her 12 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 1: father was the Reverend George Austin. She was part of 13 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:05,560 Speaker 1: a pretty big family. She had one sister and six brothers, 14 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:11,000 Speaker 1: and her lively family and upbringing helped nurture Jane's creativity. 15 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:14,240 Speaker 1: The siblings put on plays and took advantage of their 16 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:19,000 Speaker 1: father's scholarship by reading books from his substantial library. Jane's 17 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,600 Speaker 1: mother wrote poem and her brother James, was also a 18 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,840 Speaker 1: word smith. He and their brother Henry even started a 19 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:29,759 Speaker 1: magazine called The Loiterer in seventeen eighty nine. So when 20 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:32,880 Speaker 1: Jane began writing, she drew her settings from the places 21 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:36,919 Speaker 1: she knew growing up. Around seventeen eighty six or eighty seven, 22 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:40,640 Speaker 1: she wrote some of her earliest known pieces. In those 23 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:44,800 Speaker 1: humble but prolific beginnings, she wrote versus, short stories and 24 00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:47,760 Speaker 1: plays that weren't quite as serious as her later work. 25 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: In Volume the first volume the second. In Volume the third, 26 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 1: Austin demonstrates her wit and smarts with her parodies of 27 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: popular writings at the time. She told stories of by 28 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:03,480 Speaker 1: lens in drunkenness, with confident young women, often taking the 29 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:07,559 Speaker 1: helm in her tails. But after her last dated entry 30 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:12,160 Speaker 1: in these manuscripts in seventeen ninety three, Jane's satirical and 31 00:02:12,200 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: absurd writing took a turn. Her epistolary novel Lady Susan, 32 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:20,880 Speaker 1: probably written around seventeen ninety three or ninety four, marks 33 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: a move toward longer, more buttoned up subject matter, and 34 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 1: by sevent the young writer had begun another epistolary novel 35 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:34,000 Speaker 1: called Eleanor and Marion, which would lose its form as 36 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,840 Speaker 1: a novel in letters to become the book we now 37 00:02:36,919 --> 00:02:41,720 Speaker 1: know as Sense and Sensibility. She paid Thomas Egerton to 38 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: have the novel published in three volumes in eighteen eleven, 39 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:48,919 Speaker 1: and it did pretty well, selling all of its first 40 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:54,639 Speaker 1: edition copies By July thirteen. Jane made on forty pounds 41 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:57,760 Speaker 1: off of that first edition, which is roughly about nine 42 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 1: thousand pounds or more than eleven in US dollars in 43 00:03:01,480 --> 00:03:06,200 Speaker 1: today's money. That was a success for Jane, but the 44 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:10,959 Speaker 1: ambitious writer definitely wasn't done yet. She already had another 45 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,560 Speaker 1: book in her back pocket. Austin had written a book 46 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:22,240 Speaker 1: called First Impressions from October sevente to August. Her father, ever, 47 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:25,560 Speaker 1: the advocate for his daughter's work, wrote a letter to 48 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,679 Speaker 1: a London publishing company in sevente saying he could send 49 00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:34,240 Speaker 1: them the manuscript. They rejected his offer, but over a 50 00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: decade later, Jane was cozy with her family in a 51 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 1: large cottage in the village of Chawton, and she was 52 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:44,240 Speaker 1: ready to keep trying to get First Impressions out there. 53 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:49,320 Speaker 1: From eighteen eleven to eighteen twelve, she revised the manuscript 54 00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: and retitled it Pride and Prejudice. Thomas Egerton, happy with 55 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:58,520 Speaker 1: the success of Sense and Sensibility, offered Jane a hundred 56 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: and ten pounds for the copy right to Pride and Prejudice. 57 00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 1: This time Egerton paid for printing and advertising the book 58 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 1: himself and kept the profits, as opposed to publishing on 59 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:13,440 Speaker 1: commission and charging a percentage for each book sold like 60 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:17,760 Speaker 1: he had done before. And this time the novel was 61 00:04:17,800 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: credited to the author of Sense Insensibility, whereas the book 62 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:28,680 Speaker 1: since Insensibility had just been credited to a lady. No Seriously, 63 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,400 Speaker 1: Jane's womanhood had to be kept a secret because writing 64 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:35,679 Speaker 1: wasn't the ideal trade for women, and women of Jane's 65 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:40,000 Speaker 1: stature definitely shouldn't be paid handsomely in money and attention 66 00:04:40,080 --> 00:04:44,320 Speaker 1: for publishing their writing anyway. The book follows twenty year 67 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:47,480 Speaker 1: old Elizabeth Bennett, who's a member of the upper middle 68 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:51,040 Speaker 1: class known as the gentry, and her roller coaster of 69 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:54,839 Speaker 1: a relationship with the socially superior Fitzwilliam Darcy during the 70 00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: regency period. After much back and forth, the two overcome 71 00:04:59,360 --> 00:05:02,919 Speaker 1: their pride and prejudice for a happy ending. A second 72 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:05,920 Speaker 1: edition of the book was published later in eighteen thirteen 73 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:09,800 Speaker 1: after the first sold out, and a third was published 74 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:13,960 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventeen. Though it sold well, other authors at 75 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:18,040 Speaker 1: the time had mixed reactions, and critics remained relatively quiet. 76 00:05:18,640 --> 00:05:22,880 Speaker 1: Though the few reviews it got were generally positive. Pride 77 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: and Prejudice was criticized for its limited perspective and praised 78 00:05:27,279 --> 00:05:31,320 Speaker 1: for its social realism. Either way, it was successful thanks 79 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:34,560 Speaker 1: to her largely upper class readership, so Jane got the 80 00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 1: short end of the stick. She could have made much 81 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:42,280 Speaker 1: more money had she published her second novel on commission too. Instead, 82 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:45,719 Speaker 1: that money went to Egerton, who had published the books 83 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:49,359 Speaker 1: in poor quality but at a high price. While she 84 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:53,600 Speaker 1: was alive, Austin garnered little fame and moderate financial success. 85 00:05:54,480 --> 00:05:57,080 Speaker 1: But when the book A Memoir of Jane Austin was 86 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:01,279 Speaker 1: published in eighteen seventy, people took in credible interest and 87 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:04,679 Speaker 1: the woman who had published all her works anonymously during 88 00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:10,160 Speaker 1: her lifetime and since then Pride and Prejudice in Austin 89 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,400 Speaker 1: have become a beloved part of English literature. I'm Eve Steffcote, 90 00:06:15,600 --> 00:06:18,400 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 91 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:21,840 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. If you'd like to hear more 92 00:06:21,839 --> 00:06:25,039 Speaker 1: about Jane Austen, listen to the episode of Stuffy Misston 93 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:29,280 Speaker 1: History Class called It's the Jane Austen episode. You can 94 00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:32,120 Speaker 1: subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts, 95 00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:35,120 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, or wherever you get your podcasts. 96 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 1: Thanks to producer Chandler Mays for all his audio work. 97 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 1: We'll see you here in the same place tomorrow. Hi again, everyone, 98 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:52,680 Speaker 1: It's Eves and welcome to This Day in History Class, 99 00:06:53,120 --> 00:07:05,479 Speaker 1: a show where history waits for no one. The day 100 00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:13,000 Speaker 1: was January one. Welsh privateer Henry Morgan sacked Panama, a 101 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:17,040 Speaker 1: city in Spain's American Empire, and fire broke out. The 102 00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:20,360 Speaker 1: remains of that original city are now known as Panama Viejo, 103 00:07:20,840 --> 00:07:23,760 Speaker 1: and they are just outside the current capital of Panama City. 104 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:28,200 Speaker 1: From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, Panama was part 105 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:31,880 Speaker 1: of the Spanish Empire. Panama City, originally the site of 106 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,239 Speaker 1: a Native American fishing village, was founded in fifteen nineteen 107 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:41,320 Speaker 1: by Spanish conquistador Pedro Addis Davila. The city was prosperous. 108 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:44,480 Speaker 1: Gold and silver were shipped from the Andean countries to 109 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: Panama City, and from Panama City it was carried across 110 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,680 Speaker 1: the Isthmus and sent off to Spain. Panama City was 111 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,119 Speaker 1: also a base for the Spanish to conquer the Inca 112 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:57,800 Speaker 1: Empire in Peru. Because Panama was such a city of riches, 113 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:02,840 Speaker 1: it was a target for pirate attacks. Privateer Henry Morgan 114 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: was known for sacking the city of Portobello on the 115 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: Isthmus of Panama and raiding like Matracaibo on the coast 116 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,080 Speaker 1: of Venezuela. But in sixteen seventy he set out to 117 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:14,920 Speaker 1: capture Panama with dozens of ships in a couple of 118 00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:19,560 Speaker 1: thousand buccaneers. They defeated a large Spanish force who had 119 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:24,040 Speaker 1: marched out of Panama City, and on January sixteen seventy one, 120 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:27,200 Speaker 1: Morgan's group attacked the Spanish troops in the city and 121 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: began pillaging it. Fire soon broke out in Panama City. 122 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:34,760 Speaker 1: Though Morgan was accused of having the city burned, he 123 00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:37,280 Speaker 1: likely did not, as he would not have wanted to 124 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:40,640 Speaker 1: destroy the city he had captured. As the city burned, 125 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: the pirates continued searching for loot. After around four weeks 126 00:08:44,400 --> 00:08:47,960 Speaker 1: of looting and searching for Spanish fugitives, the pirates took 127 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: the goods and prisoners and had it for the Atlantic 128 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:54,079 Speaker 1: port of Chagaras. There Morgan ordered the fort as San 129 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:57,840 Speaker 1: Lorenzo destroyed. He then left the port with most of 130 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:02,160 Speaker 1: the loot while the remaining pirates split up. Morgan returned 131 00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: to Jamaica, where he had a plantation. With his rewards, 132 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:11,240 Speaker 1: he purchased more plantations. In sixteen seventy, England and Spain 133 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:14,720 Speaker 1: had signed the Treaty of Madrid, in which England agreed 134 00:09:14,720 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: to suppress piracy in exchange for Spanish recognition of his 135 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:22,560 Speaker 1: sovereignty in Jamaica and freedom of movement for English ships. 136 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:26,319 Speaker 1: So the governor of Jamaica, who had granted Morgan permission 137 00:09:26,320 --> 00:09:29,520 Speaker 1: to attack the Spanish, was called to England for his deed, 138 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,560 Speaker 1: and Morgan was arrested and sent to London in sixteen 139 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:36,600 Speaker 1: seventy two to be tried for piracy. But Morgan did 140 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:40,720 Speaker 1: not face any serious punishment. In sixteen seventy four, King 141 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: Charles the Second knighted him and sent him to serve 142 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:46,920 Speaker 1: as deputy governor in Jamaica. From that point on, he 143 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 1: remained in politics. He died in sixteen eighty eight. As 144 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,760 Speaker 1: for Panama City, the fire had destroyed its wooden buildings, 145 00:09:55,120 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 1: leaving some stone structures standing. After the attack, Panama City 146 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:03,560 Speaker 1: was relocated just south of its founding place. The ruins 147 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:06,440 Speaker 1: of the old city are now a tourist attraction. The 148 00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:09,880 Speaker 1: location of the rebuilt city is now known as Costco Viejo. 149 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: I'm Eves, Jeff Code and hopefully you know a little 150 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:17,200 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. If you 151 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:20,080 Speaker 1: have any burning questions or comments, you can leave us 152 00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:24,960 Speaker 1: a note at t d i h C Podcast on Twitter, 153 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 1: Facebook or Instagram, and you can send your thoughts are 154 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:32,800 Speaker 1: comments to us at this day at I heart media 155 00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:37,000 Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks again for listening. We'll see you same 156 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: place tomorrow.