1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,800 Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of I Heart Radio 2 00:00:04,040 --> 00:00:07,880 Speaker 1: and Grim and Mild from Aaron Manky. Listener discretion advised, 3 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:14,960 Speaker 1: Hey everyone, this is Dana Schwartz, Happy three. Just a 4 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:19,239 Speaker 1: few quick pieces of housekeeping before we dive into this 5 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:22,919 Speaker 1: week's episode. There are still a few spots available on 6 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:27,320 Speaker 1: the tour I'm co leading to Cornwall next summer. It's 7 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: a tour focused on Daphne du Maurier and the book Rebecca, 8 00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:33,120 Speaker 1: which is one of my all time favorites. And we're 9 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:35,920 Speaker 1: going to be staying at this gorgeous house in Cornwall 10 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:38,880 Speaker 1: and just spending a few days talking about the book 11 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: and reading and walking and writing. I did one of 12 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: these trips last year about Frankenstein, and it was just 13 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:49,800 Speaker 1: such a phenomenal experience to like get a break from 14 00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:52,519 Speaker 1: technology and work and you know, in touch with my 15 00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:55,560 Speaker 1: creativity and what I love about talking about books with people. 16 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:59,520 Speaker 1: It's just such a phenomenal opportunity. I immediately begged them 17 00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:01,520 Speaker 1: to let me do another, and so that's how the 18 00:01:01,640 --> 00:01:05,200 Speaker 1: Rebecca Pilgrimage came along. So if it's something you're interested in, 19 00:01:05,319 --> 00:01:08,080 Speaker 1: the program is called Common Ground. I'll put a link 20 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:10,560 Speaker 1: in the bio but it's just phenomenal, and I think 21 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:12,920 Speaker 1: if you listen to the show you'll get a lot 22 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 1: out of the experience. Also, my novel Immortality, a Love Story, 23 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:20,839 Speaker 1: comes out February, and I know this is the most 24 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:23,560 Speaker 1: annoying thing in the world, but publishers just tell me 25 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 1: as not. Their pre orders are like the most important 26 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:30,600 Speaker 1: thing that books need. It just determines their entire future. 27 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 1: So if you read Anatomy, or you know, even if 28 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: you haven't read Anatomy, which is the first book in 29 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: the series, check out Immortality a Love Story. That link 30 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,759 Speaker 1: is in the bio two. You can support the show 31 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:46,319 Speaker 1: on Patreon for episode scripts and monthly bonus episodes, and 32 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:51,360 Speaker 1: you can get merch also in the episode description. I 33 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:54,160 Speaker 1: think that's all the housekeeping. It's a holidays here. I'm 34 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,919 Speaker 1: recording this before Christmas, and my kitchen is just filled 35 00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:01,000 Speaker 1: with so many cookies. My brain has fully leaked out 36 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: of my year. So I think that's everything. Thank you 37 00:02:03,560 --> 00:02:05,559 Speaker 1: so much for listening. I hope you all are having 38 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:23,400 Speaker 1: a really wonderful new year. On the southern tip of England, 39 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:28,200 Speaker 1: the small county town of Louis in East Sussex sits 40 00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:32,440 Speaker 1: with its charming antique shop line streets, and variety of 41 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: local medieval architecture. At a population of just under eighteen thousand. 42 00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:41,120 Speaker 1: I once took a train out of there. It was lovely. 43 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:45,680 Speaker 1: On an average day, the sleepy English hamlet welcomes the 44 00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:49,240 Speaker 1: occasional tourist, those catching a train to London like me, 45 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:52,600 Speaker 1: or those hoping to catch a glimpse of any of 46 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:57,880 Speaker 1: Louis's numerous historical sites like Louis Castle, or for the 47 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 1: more royally inclined, the Anne of Cleave's House, which though 48 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:05,920 Speaker 1: she never technically lived in, was given to her in 49 00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:10,240 Speaker 1: the settlement following her divorce from Henry the eighth. But 50 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:15,800 Speaker 1: every year, come November five, Louis finds its usually empty 51 00:03:15,919 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: streets suddenly overflowing with a sense of restless anticipation as 52 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:28,919 Speaker 1: the population skyrockets from eighteen thousand to upwards of sixty people, 53 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:34,800 Speaker 1: some dressed in period costumes, others simply carrying pockets full 54 00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:38,840 Speaker 1: of fireworks, but each and every one of its visitors 55 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 1: holding the singular intent of watching the town engulfed in 56 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: flame by the night's end. Though I feel it is 57 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:51,360 Speaker 1: important to note the sudden influx of people are not 58 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:55,200 Speaker 1: attempting to set fire to the city itself, but rather 59 00:03:55,520 --> 00:04:00,160 Speaker 1: watch as revelers race barrels of tar down in the 60 00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:06,080 Speaker 1: high Street, then turn various parade floats into effigies, all 61 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:11,480 Speaker 1: before gathering to witness the main attraction, the attraction for 62 00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 1: which the night is named the lighting of the legendary bonfire. 63 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:23,159 Speaker 1: In Great Britain, Bonfire Night, otherwise known as Guy Fox Knight, 64 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:28,560 Speaker 1: is the annual commemoration of the discovery and eventual thwarting 65 00:04:29,080 --> 00:04:33,280 Speaker 1: of the Gunpowder Plot or the plan to blow up 66 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: Parliament on November five, six oh five. If you are 67 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:42,400 Speaker 1: a UK listener, you likely grew up hearing all about 68 00:04:42,480 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 1: Guy Fox and his co conspirators failed plot to essentially 69 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:53,480 Speaker 1: overthrow the Protestant led crown and establish a reigning British 70 00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: Catholic government in instead. But on this side of the pond, 71 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:02,640 Speaker 1: knowledge pertain meaning to the real life man behind the 72 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:07,720 Speaker 1: now infamous Guy Fox Mask typically begins and ends with 73 00:05:07,839 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: the poem for which this episode is named. Remember remember 74 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:15,520 Speaker 1: the fifth of November, the gunflowder, treason and plot, which 75 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:20,880 Speaker 1: really only came into general public consciousness following the release 76 00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:25,840 Speaker 1: of the graphic novel and subsequent anarchy fueled film V 77 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:31,080 Speaker 1: for Vendetta, but before Bonfire Night became an excuse to 78 00:05:31,279 --> 00:05:37,400 Speaker 1: exhibit impressive arrays of pyrotechnics. The holiday was originally a 79 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:42,159 Speaker 1: motion passed through Parliament called the Observance of Fifth November 80 00:05:42,200 --> 00:05:47,880 Speaker 1: Act six oh five, otherwise known as the Thanksgiving Act, 81 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: which decreed quote Ministers in every cathedral and parish, church 82 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:58,760 Speaker 1: or other usual place for common prayer shall always upon 83 00:05:58,839 --> 00:06:02,480 Speaker 1: the fifth day of no member, same morning prayer and 84 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:07,320 Speaker 1: give unto Almighty God thanks for this most happy deliverance 85 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:12,800 Speaker 1: end quote, which basically translates into a government sanctioned church 86 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 1: service that forces citizens to remember the failed attempt to 87 00:06:17,440 --> 00:06:22,159 Speaker 1: overthrow the government. Hardly a call to anarchy as laid 88 00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:25,880 Speaker 1: out in V for Vendetta, but V for Vendetta aside. 89 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: The festivities that have been taking place in Louis on 90 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:34,520 Speaker 1: November five every year don't exactly scream government sanctioned day 91 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:38,960 Speaker 1: of prayer and remembrance either, though burning in effigy of 92 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:43,200 Speaker 1: Guy Fox and throwing firecrackers at a man dressed as 93 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:47,560 Speaker 1: the Pope are well arguably problematic in their own right, 94 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:52,400 Speaker 1: admittedly somewhat on brand for the occasion, having parade goers 95 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: dressed in costumes running the gambit from British suffragists to 96 00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:01,720 Speaker 1: frankly racist portrayals of Native amor Amricans and Zulu warriors 97 00:07:02,120 --> 00:07:06,479 Speaker 1: make it clear that somewhere in the last four hundred years, 98 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:12,400 Speaker 1: celebrations of the holiday seem to have lost the part 99 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:18,480 Speaker 1: in my pun plot. Even outside some of the questionable traditions, 100 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 1: the current form of the holiday holds between the pro 101 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:27,240 Speaker 1: anarchy sentiments of VFA Vendetta and the growing popularity of 102 00:07:27,240 --> 00:07:32,200 Speaker 1: the guy Fox masks use in popular culture, particularly on 103 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:36,360 Speaker 1: the Internet. It seems as if the words remember remember 104 00:07:36,520 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 1: the fifth of November have almost begun to take on 105 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:44,440 Speaker 1: a meaning of their own, one that glorifies rebellion in general, 106 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:49,720 Speaker 1: rather than in a way attached to one specific, very 107 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:55,400 Speaker 1: Catholic plot, which begs the question, on a holiday which 108 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: prides itself on lighting bonfires and setting off intricate fire 109 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:04,160 Speaker 1: works displays to commemorate the day Parliament did not go 110 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: up in flames, what exactly is it that were meant 111 00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: to remember on the five of November. I'm Dana Schwartz 112 00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:31,320 Speaker 1: and this is noble blood. In the over four centuries 113 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:35,240 Speaker 1: since the Gunpowder Plot, was foiled. People are quick to 114 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:39,319 Speaker 1: remember Guy Fox and the thirty six barrels of gunpowder 115 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:43,120 Speaker 1: he laid under the floors of Parliament, but they often 116 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: forget the reasons why Fox and his co conspirators even 117 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:51,760 Speaker 1: orchestrated their attack in the first place. So in that vein, 118 00:08:51,840 --> 00:08:54,199 Speaker 1: we need to take a step back from the failed 119 00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:58,359 Speaker 1: plot in six five and instead look to the events 120 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:02,000 Speaker 1: that would eventually in fire their inception, the first of 121 00:09:02,040 --> 00:09:06,000 Speaker 1: which took place in fifteen twenty seven, when King Henry 122 00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:09,320 Speaker 1: the Eighth sought permission from the Pope to annul his 123 00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 1: marriage from his first wife so he could pursue the 124 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:16,160 Speaker 1: woman who would become his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The 125 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:20,560 Speaker 1: Pope's ultimate refusal to grant King Henry's annulment would go 126 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 1: on to act as the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation 127 00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:28,240 Speaker 1: in England, or King Henry the Eighth's decision to leave 128 00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:31,440 Speaker 1: the Catholic Church and attempt to convert the whole of 129 00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:35,079 Speaker 1: England to Protestantism and declare himself Supreme Head of the 130 00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:40,319 Speaker 1: Church of England. Now, obviously, the Protestant Reformation and the 131 00:09:40,360 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: subsequent decades and centuries of strife between British Catholics and 132 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:48,720 Speaker 1: Protestants is not something I confeasibly cover in the brief 133 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:52,120 Speaker 1: time we have today in this episode in which it's backstory. 134 00:09:52,520 --> 00:09:54,560 Speaker 1: But for the sake of this episode, you should know 135 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:58,800 Speaker 1: that just over thirty years after that, when King Henry 136 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:02,280 Speaker 1: the Eighth's daughter, Queen Elizabeth, ascended to the throne in 137 00:10:02,400 --> 00:10:06,959 Speaker 1: fifteen fifty eight, she was still very much actively dealing 138 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: with the repercussions of her father's actions. Elizabeth was fresh 139 00:10:11,559 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: off the heels of her Catholic half sister Mary Tudor's reign. 140 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:19,920 Speaker 1: Elizabeth sought to reinstate the Church of England that their 141 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:23,679 Speaker 1: father had established, and she had to take decisive action 142 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 1: to denounce all of the crowns ties to the Roman 143 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:30,920 Speaker 1: Catholic Church. This took the form of what we now 144 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:36,600 Speaker 1: call the Elizabethan Settlement, which in broad terms, essentially made 145 00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:41,959 Speaker 1: Protestantism the official religion of England, with no room for arguments. 146 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:46,520 Speaker 1: Of course, it wasn't that simple. Queen Elizabeth may have 147 00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:50,000 Speaker 1: been the governor of the Church of England, not the 148 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:53,480 Speaker 1: head as her father had been, because you know, she 149 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:57,040 Speaker 1: was a woman, but even she couldn't just snap her 150 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:02,240 Speaker 1: fingers and will Catholicism out of Great Britain. For the 151 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:07,120 Speaker 1: largely uneducated lower classes in England, the loss of a 152 00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:10,800 Speaker 1: religion that heavily relied on a working knowledge of Latin 153 00:11:11,160 --> 00:11:16,680 Speaker 1: was not sorely missed, especially considering the substantial finds that 154 00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:20,600 Speaker 1: were now enacted. Should they decide not to attend the 155 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:26,960 Speaker 1: mandatory Protestant church services every Sunday, and after over a 156 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:32,559 Speaker 1: decade of back and forth between Protestant versus Catholic rulers 157 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:35,840 Speaker 1: since the death of Henry the Eighth, following the rules 158 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:38,679 Speaker 1: laid out by the Church of England and not the 159 00:11:38,720 --> 00:11:42,240 Speaker 1: Pope was a sure way to prove their loyalty to 160 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 1: the Queen Elizabeth the First. However, as you may have guessed, 161 00:11:47,559 --> 00:11:51,000 Speaker 1: there were also those less than thrilled with the new 162 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:56,120 Speaker 1: let's say, changes in management. In spite of the find 163 00:11:56,320 --> 00:12:00,559 Speaker 1: and possible jail time even death that might have awaited 164 00:12:00,679 --> 00:12:05,280 Speaker 1: those unwilling to convert to Protestantism, there still remained a 165 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:10,520 Speaker 1: sub section of mostly upper class citizens who firmly held 166 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:14,920 Speaker 1: onto their ties to the Catholic Church. They were called recusants, 167 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 1: and following Pope Pious, the fifth Papal Bull excommunicating Queen 168 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:25,800 Speaker 1: Elizabeth from the Catholic Church in fifteen seventy, Recusants were 169 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:31,080 Speaker 1: essentially given free reign to disregard any of her laws, or, 170 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:36,320 Speaker 1: depending on one's interpretation of the Pope's words, even kill 171 00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:42,319 Speaker 1: the quote pretended Queen of England. And though the bull 172 00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:47,000 Speaker 1: gave recusants the green light to continue there now technically 173 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:52,640 Speaker 1: illegal religious practices in England, the bulls language also carried 174 00:12:52,760 --> 00:12:57,520 Speaker 1: something ominous in it. For Catholics, the threat was simple, 175 00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:03,280 Speaker 1: should they obey any laws presented by the pretended Queen 176 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:09,000 Speaker 1: of England, they too would face the same excommunication and 177 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:14,280 Speaker 1: therefore damnation that their queen had. And so, stuck between 178 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:19,360 Speaker 1: treason and a hard place, recusants were forced to stay 179 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:22,840 Speaker 1: out of the Crown's line of fire enough to continue 180 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:27,520 Speaker 1: practicing Catholicism, but not so much as to be misconstrued 181 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:32,160 Speaker 1: as obeying the laws set forth by England's pretended Queen. 182 00:13:33,160 --> 00:13:38,320 Speaker 1: Just a casual, decades long stroll along a razors sharp 183 00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:44,120 Speaker 1: knife's edge, no big deal, at least until March six 184 00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:48,640 Speaker 1: o three, when the British Crown could no longer afford 185 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:52,720 Speaker 1: to ignore the imminent change that had long threatened to 186 00:13:52,840 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: crest over the horizon after forty four years on the throne, 187 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:03,120 Speaker 1: and now year old Queen Elizabeth was succumbing to what 188 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:07,320 Speaker 1: would be her final bout of sickness before her reign 189 00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:12,720 Speaker 1: would come to its inevitable end, similar to her modern 190 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:17,840 Speaker 1: day namesake, Queen Elizabeth the Second. After such a lengthy 191 00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:24,000 Speaker 1: tenure as Sovereign Elizabeth the First, death, while of course unavoidable, 192 00:14:24,520 --> 00:14:29,040 Speaker 1: seemed almost more unthinkable than the idea of someone new 193 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,880 Speaker 1: on the throne. Of course, it didn't help that the 194 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:37,200 Speaker 1: line of succession was once again left in a state 195 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:43,400 Speaker 1: of limbo. The famed Virgin Queen obviously had no heirs 196 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:47,400 Speaker 1: for which to leave the throne, and even speculating as 197 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:51,520 Speaker 1: to who would succeed Elizabeth had led one prominent Puritan 198 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:54,920 Speaker 1: leader to be imprisoned in the Tower of London in 199 00:14:56,160 --> 00:15:01,120 Speaker 1: until he died three years later for treason. When Elizabeth 200 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 1: finally lay on her deathbed in sixteen o three, it 201 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:09,640 Speaker 1: seemed as if she was no closer to naming her successor. 202 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:15,640 Speaker 1: Elizabeth's reticence to officially name her successor was no doubt 203 00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:20,440 Speaker 1: partially informed by the inevitable repercussions The choice would have 204 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,280 Speaker 1: on the state of the Church of England after her death, 205 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:26,920 Speaker 1: which is why it came as somewhat of a shock 206 00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: that following her death, March twenty four, sixteen o three, 207 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,720 Speaker 1: it was confirmed that King James the sixth of Scotland, 208 00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:40,680 Speaker 1: son of the infamous Catholic martyr Mary, Queen of Scots, 209 00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:45,320 Speaker 1: had officially been given the title King James the First 210 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:51,200 Speaker 1: of England. For the recusants, news of King James's ascension 211 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:54,760 Speaker 1: to the English throne was a welcome beacon of hope 212 00:15:55,040 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: after over forty years of persecution at the hands of 213 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:05,120 Speaker 1: Protestant Queen Elizabeth. British Catholics believed James would show practicing 214 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:10,080 Speaker 1: Catholics more leniency than his predecessor, and in the beginning 215 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 1: it seemed like their hopes weren't unwarranted. The execution of 216 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:19,840 Speaker 1: Catholic priests had become something of a common practice, but 217 00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:24,000 Speaker 1: a letter written by King James records him wishing for 218 00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:28,760 Speaker 1: their exile as an alternative, with him stating quote, I 219 00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:32,000 Speaker 1: would be glad to have both their heads and their 220 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:38,160 Speaker 1: bodies separated from this whole island and transported beyond seas unquote. 221 00:16:38,640 --> 00:16:41,640 Speaker 1: And while the keeping of heads attached to bodies is 222 00:16:41,960 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 1: no doubt a heartwarming sentiment. Sentiments alone do little to 223 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:52,800 Speaker 1: stop the harsh realities of religious persecution. British Catholics had 224 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:56,600 Speaker 1: held such high hopes that their new king would be 225 00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:59,400 Speaker 1: the one to reign in a new era of religious 226 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:04,840 Speaker 1: tolerance in England, but by February sixteen o four, the 227 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:09,760 Speaker 1: actions of the new king were starting to outweigh their 228 00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:16,080 Speaker 1: fondness for his beheaded Catholic martyr mother. Following his coronation 229 00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 1: in July sixteen o three, King James sought to curry 230 00:17:20,119 --> 00:17:24,040 Speaker 1: some goodwill with the British Catholics and declared his intent 231 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:28,520 Speaker 1: to pardon the finds against recusants for the whole of 232 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:32,880 Speaker 1: the following year. But after only a few short months, 233 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:37,000 Speaker 1: in late February sixteen o four, King James made a 234 00:17:37,119 --> 00:17:44,400 Speaker 1: public declaration of his quote utter detestation of Catholicism, which 235 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:48,359 Speaker 1: was quickly followed up with the repeal of his order 236 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:53,959 Speaker 1: to pardon recusant finds. After almost half a century bearing 237 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:58,600 Speaker 1: the brunt of religious persecution in Great Britain, recusants did 238 00:17:58,640 --> 00:18:03,119 Speaker 1: not take kindly to having the carrot of religious tolerance 239 00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:07,040 Speaker 1: King James head, so lacked, basically waved in front of 240 00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:13,240 Speaker 1: their cage suddenly ripped away, arguably worse than the strict 241 00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:17,920 Speaker 1: ordinances enacted by Queen Elizabeth. The first British Catholics felt 242 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:22,600 Speaker 1: betrayed by King James, a figurehead they had after so 243 00:18:22,640 --> 00:18:28,119 Speaker 1: long without deemed worthy enough of putting hope into. In 244 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:33,680 Speaker 1: the wake of their new King's deception, most recuissants simply 245 00:18:33,760 --> 00:18:38,320 Speaker 1: went back to practicing in secret, accepting the loss for 246 00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:43,160 Speaker 1: what it was. But on the night of May sixteen 247 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:49,240 Speaker 1: o four, a group of men decidedly not in this majority, 248 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:53,639 Speaker 1: sat at a small table at London's Duck and Drake 249 00:18:53,800 --> 00:19:02,880 Speaker 1: in finally desperate enough to take matters into their own hands. Now, 250 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:08,800 Speaker 1: contrary to popular belief, Guy Fox was not the sole perpetrator, 251 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:12,640 Speaker 1: or even the leader of the Gunpowder plot. He may 252 00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:15,399 Speaker 1: have been sitting at that small table at the Duck 253 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:19,679 Speaker 1: and Drake that May evening, But like any good heist movie, 254 00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:23,639 Speaker 1: the plots conception was the product of a team of 255 00:19:23,840 --> 00:19:27,639 Speaker 1: very specific individuals, each of whom had their own roles 256 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:31,880 Speaker 1: to play. Starting from the top, we have our ringleader, 257 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:38,520 Speaker 1: the charismatic radical Robert catesby young, handsome and equipped with 258 00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 1: a larger than recommended dose of theological fanaticism. Katesby had 259 00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:49,760 Speaker 1: an immediately likable magnetic personality, even after his death, when 260 00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:53,040 Speaker 1: his name was all but synonymous with treason. One man 261 00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:57,399 Speaker 1: described him as his quote loving kinsman and the only 262 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:02,200 Speaker 1: son that must ripen our harvest. In essence, the deadly 263 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:07,520 Speaker 1: combination of Katesby's charm and his penchant for radical action 264 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:11,760 Speaker 1: made him exactly the type of person your parents probably 265 00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:14,840 Speaker 1: would have used as an example to lecture you on 266 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:19,199 Speaker 1: the dangers of caving to peer pressure, as in, just 267 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:22,840 Speaker 1: because Robert Catesby decides to jump off a cliff, you're 268 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:26,160 Speaker 1: going to jump off after him. In this case, the 269 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:30,440 Speaker 1: cliff in question was the House of Parliament, and Kateesby 270 00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:33,560 Speaker 1: wasn't planning to jump off it so much as he 271 00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:37,720 Speaker 1: was plotting to set off enough gunpowder underneath its floors 272 00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:43,439 Speaker 1: to blow every living lawmaker and politician inside, including the 273 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:50,600 Speaker 1: King himself, to Kingdom. Come and between Katesby's beguiling charisma 274 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:54,520 Speaker 1: and the sense of poetic justice in taking the lives 275 00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:58,640 Speaker 1: of the lawmakers responsible for their suffering in the very 276 00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:02,280 Speaker 1: place the laws again them were made, it didn't take 277 00:21:02,359 --> 00:21:06,920 Speaker 1: much for other men to jump after him off the 278 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:11,959 Speaker 1: metaphorical cliff. Sitting next to the fearless leader was a 279 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:15,120 Speaker 1: man who would come to be known as his second 280 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:21,359 Speaker 1: in command, Katesby's cousin, Thomas Wintour. Wintour would first hear 281 00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:26,000 Speaker 1: of Katesby's plans in February six four, upon a visit 282 00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:28,879 Speaker 1: to his cousin's house in Lambeth, where he went to 283 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,600 Speaker 1: Or would stumble into a meeting with yet another person 284 00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:35,960 Speaker 1: who ended up at the Duck and Drake that may, 285 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:42,879 Speaker 1: a renowned swordsman named Jack Wright. But when Katesby first 286 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:46,480 Speaker 1: relayed the plan to his cousin, win Tour was not 287 00:21:46,680 --> 00:21:50,720 Speaker 1: so quick to fawn over the idea of drastic action. 288 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:56,320 Speaker 1: Rightfully so win to Or feared the negative repercussions that would, 289 00:21:56,680 --> 00:22:01,920 Speaker 1: no doubt plague English Catholics should the plot fail. If 290 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:06,679 Speaker 1: life for accusance was already a mine field of fines 291 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:10,159 Speaker 1: and warrants for arrest, what would their lives look like 292 00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:14,760 Speaker 1: should the quote stroke at the root that win Tour 293 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:20,600 Speaker 1: characterized the gunpowder treason as fail. In spite of his 294 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:26,800 Speaker 1: initial misgivings, Catesby's tenacity would win out, and within weeks 295 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,679 Speaker 1: wind Tour would be on a ship to the continent 296 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:34,080 Speaker 1: in hopes of recruiting aid from the Spanish to further 297 00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:39,040 Speaker 1: their Catholic agenda in England, and though wind tours request 298 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:43,679 Speaker 1: for support from Spain would ultimately be shot down, the 299 00:22:43,760 --> 00:22:48,600 Speaker 1: trip had the unintended consequence of introducing Catesby's second in 300 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:52,320 Speaker 1: command to none other than the fourth man at the 301 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 1: Duck and Drake that evening the Gunpowder plots inevitable poster boy, 302 00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:02,360 Speaker 1: Guy Fox, or as he was better known back then, 303 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:07,680 Speaker 1: Guido Fox, was perhaps the least connected to the actual 304 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:12,399 Speaker 1: plot itself, but that heartily means his role was inconsequential. 305 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:17,600 Speaker 1: In the heist movie adaptation, Fox would be the quiet, 306 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:22,200 Speaker 1: unassuming man in the back, who, when questioned about his involvement, 307 00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 1: would suddenly open his jacket to reveal pockets lined with grenades, 308 00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:31,480 Speaker 1: machine guns, and enough AMMO to take down a small army. 309 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:36,920 Speaker 1: In short, Guy Fox was the firepower, a role borne 310 00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:43,280 Speaker 1: out of years as a soldier fighting for Catholic interests abroad. Unsurprisingly, 311 00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:47,960 Speaker 1: unlike wind Tour, Fox had little to no qualms with 312 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:52,399 Speaker 1: the violent action set forth by Catesby. In fact, he, 313 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:56,119 Speaker 1: like the final man at the Duck and Drake that 314 00:23:56,240 --> 00:24:00,639 Speaker 1: evening was ready to take drastic action for the sake 315 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:04,800 Speaker 1: of Catholic life in Great Britain. The fifth and final 316 00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:08,520 Speaker 1: seat at the Inn was taken by a gentleman named 317 00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:13,560 Speaker 1: Thomas Percy. Percy found his way to the table through 318 00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:17,719 Speaker 1: his connections to Catesby and Right, but it would be 319 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:22,000 Speaker 1: his connections to the Earl of Northumberland that would make 320 00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:29,159 Speaker 1: him indispensable to the gunpowder conspirators. He, like Fox, was 321 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 1: tired of waiting for the lives of British Catholics to 322 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:38,359 Speaker 1: improve on goodwill alone. Upon sitting down with the four 323 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:42,600 Speaker 1: other men that evening, Percy's first words to the group 324 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:47,440 Speaker 1: took the form of a simple question, Shall we always, 325 00:24:47,600 --> 00:24:53,080 Speaker 1: gentlemen talk and never do anything? It was with that 326 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:59,120 Speaker 1: question in mind that the original conspirators began to formulate 327 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: the beginning of what would eventually become the infamous Gunpowder plot. 328 00:25:05,920 --> 00:25:09,679 Speaker 1: Tucked away at their inconspicuous table in the Duck and 329 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:14,040 Speaker 1: Drake in a small prayer book was passed through each 330 00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:17,919 Speaker 1: of their hands as they swore oaths of secrecy in 331 00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:23,199 Speaker 1: hushed tones, promising death and destruction for the sake of 332 00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:28,520 Speaker 1: building a better world from its ashes, and as if 333 00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:32,720 Speaker 1: they needed further proof of their good intentions, in the 334 00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:37,360 Speaker 1: next room, a priest had just finished holding a secret 335 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:42,720 Speaker 1: Sunday Catholic Mass. So, with their secret plot for the 336 00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:48,880 Speaker 1: greater good woven intricately between them, together, the five men 337 00:25:49,480 --> 00:25:54,280 Speaker 1: took the sacrament of Holy Communion, a sure sign that 338 00:25:54,359 --> 00:25:59,640 Speaker 1: God himself was blessing the violent means by which they 339 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:06,080 Speaker 1: saw to achieve their righteous ends, especially as Catesby rationalized 340 00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:10,159 Speaker 1: his plot to kill all the government leaders in Parliament, 341 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:17,920 Speaker 1: saying quote perchance God hath designed that place for their punishment. 342 00:26:20,040 --> 00:26:24,280 Speaker 1: After departing from the Duck and Drake in May sixteen 343 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:27,520 Speaker 1: o four, each of the men had vague plans set 344 00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,600 Speaker 1: in place to help the plot move forward, but it 345 00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:35,280 Speaker 1: wouldn't be until Thomas Percy received a promotion from the 346 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,480 Speaker 1: Earl of Northumberland that any real progress would begin to 347 00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:43,920 Speaker 1: be made. In June sixteen o four, Percy was given 348 00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:49,159 Speaker 1: the title Gentleman Pensioner, which essentially made him one of 349 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:54,720 Speaker 1: about fifty bodyguards for the Earl of Northumberland. More importantly, though, 350 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:59,480 Speaker 1: this new position gave Percy an excuse to find permanent 351 00:26:59,560 --> 00:27:04,240 Speaker 1: logic in London, and thereby secure a base of operations 352 00:27:04,359 --> 00:27:10,840 Speaker 1: for the gunpowder conspirators. As Catesby continued to recruit more 353 00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:14,960 Speaker 1: recuissants to their cause, Percy made the first steps towards 354 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,679 Speaker 1: planting boots on the ground by hiring Guy Fox as 355 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:24,120 Speaker 1: a servant under the alias John Johnson, which frankly sounds 356 00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:28,240 Speaker 1: like a name made up under Darress. Then one carefully 357 00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:31,520 Speaker 1: chosen to help conceal the identity of a man attempting 358 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:34,920 Speaker 1: to carry out a government coup. But I digress. With 359 00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:41,160 Speaker 1: John Johnson under the employee of Thomas Percy. In March five, 360 00:27:41,720 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: enough funds were finally pulled together for the group to 361 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:49,920 Speaker 1: lease out a storage space close to Percy's London home, 362 00:27:50,520 --> 00:27:55,480 Speaker 1: a storage space which just so happened to lay directly 363 00:27:55,600 --> 00:28:00,920 Speaker 1: beneath the Palace of Westminster. Now, the idea of a 364 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:04,840 Speaker 1: private citizen being able to gain access to a storage 365 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:08,840 Speaker 1: space so close to a government building, let alone the 366 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:14,359 Speaker 1: House of Parliament, might seem peculiar by today's standards, But 367 00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:19,160 Speaker 1: in sixteen o five the Palace of Westminster was by 368 00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:23,360 Speaker 1: no means the space we associated with today. Back then, 369 00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:28,520 Speaker 1: the building was an assortment of private apartments, taverns, and 370 00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:33,400 Speaker 1: other businesses that all coexisted within walking distance of each other. 371 00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:37,080 Speaker 1: So while the idea of renting out a storage space 372 00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:42,800 Speaker 1: underneath Parliament might seem completely infeasible today, in sixteen o 373 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:49,080 Speaker 1: five it was likely costly but not impossible, and so 374 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:54,200 Speaker 1: with the seller secured, the definitely not suspicious at all 375 00:28:54,280 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: Servant John Johnson then spent the following months sourcing gunpowder 376 00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:05,320 Speaker 1: to fill the storage space, and by the end of 377 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:11,080 Speaker 1: July he had managed to gather thirty six barrels of 378 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:17,560 Speaker 1: explosive ammunition and hidden it discreetly under piles of firewood, 379 00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:22,640 Speaker 1: more than enough to, if not blow the roof off Parliament, 380 00:29:23,320 --> 00:29:30,240 Speaker 1: then at least condemn everyone inside to a fiery grave. Initially, 381 00:29:30,760 --> 00:29:34,440 Speaker 1: Parliament was set to go back in session in late July, 382 00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:38,480 Speaker 1: but an outbreak of the plague set back the date 383 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:43,360 Speaker 1: to the fifth of November, at which point the gunpowder 384 00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:48,120 Speaker 1: conspirators could do nothing more but sit and wait for 385 00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:54,760 Speaker 1: their plan to finally come to fruition. Come October, the 386 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,080 Speaker 1: final pieces of the plot had fallen into place. The 387 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:03,920 Speaker 1: plan was simple. A November five, Guy Fox would light 388 00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:06,960 Speaker 1: the fuse to set off the thirty six barrels of 389 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:11,520 Speaker 1: gunpowder beneath Parliament, then flee to the continent to alert 390 00:30:11,560 --> 00:30:16,600 Speaker 1: the Catholic leaders in Europe to the success of their coup. Meanwhile, 391 00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:20,840 Speaker 1: Catesby and his followers would begin a rebellion in the 392 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:25,720 Speaker 1: Midlands with the purpose of capturing King James's daughter Elizabeth, 393 00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:29,520 Speaker 1: who they would then make the new Catholic leader of England. 394 00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:33,760 Speaker 1: After over a year and a half of planning, the 395 00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:38,560 Speaker 1: Gunpowder Plot was just days away from forever altering the 396 00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:43,960 Speaker 1: lives of English Catholics across the country, altering history forever. 397 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 1: That is, until the night of October twenty six, when, 398 00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:57,160 Speaker 1: unbeknownst to Catesby, a mysterious figure moved swiftly through London 399 00:30:57,320 --> 00:31:01,800 Speaker 1: streets with a letter burning a hole in his pocket, 400 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:08,040 Speaker 1: a letter that would effectively cut their bombs fuse before 401 00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:11,400 Speaker 1: Fox would ever have a chance to strike his match. 402 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:28,760 Speaker 1: That's the end of part one of our two part 403 00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:32,480 Speaker 1: series on the Gunpowder Plot, but stick around after a 404 00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:36,240 Speaker 1: brief sponsor break to hear about how the legacy of 405 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:49,320 Speaker 1: Guy Fox still affects us today. Language, like history, has 406 00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:53,120 Speaker 1: the unique ability to appear as if it's set in stone, 407 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: even though it's perpetually in a state of flux. One 408 00:31:57,680 --> 00:32:01,120 Speaker 1: prime example of this is the use of the word 409 00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:06,000 Speaker 1: guy in the English language, as in Hey guys or 410 00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:09,240 Speaker 1: look at that guy over there, which, if you haven't 411 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:15,880 Speaker 1: guessed by, now originates from the Gunpowder king himself Guy Fox. 412 00:32:16,680 --> 00:32:21,520 Speaker 1: Today the term guy is more synonymous with man, or 413 00:32:21,640 --> 00:32:25,280 Speaker 1: in the case of guys, a group of gender neutral 414 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:28,920 Speaker 1: people at large, but when the term was coined, its 415 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:35,160 Speaker 1: connotations were originally far less innocuous. In its first form, 416 00:32:35,640 --> 00:32:40,080 Speaker 1: the word guy appeared in reference to the guys that 417 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:44,040 Speaker 1: would be burnt in effigy each year for Bonfire Night 418 00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:50,120 Speaker 1: on November five. Children would sell handmade Guy Fox effigies 419 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:54,360 Speaker 1: fashioned out of old fabric and straw, then beg on 420 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:59,200 Speaker 1: the street asking for pennies for the guy. The sale 421 00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:04,280 Speaker 1: of eyes on November five celebrations would eventually extend its 422 00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:08,840 Speaker 1: definition from the singular effigy of Guy Fox to include 423 00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:15,200 Speaker 1: all effigies, effectively labeling them as guys. This opened up 424 00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:18,360 Speaker 1: the term to become less beholden to the man himself, 425 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:24,400 Speaker 1: subsequently leading to the words second iteration, which acted more 426 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:29,600 Speaker 1: as an insult than a physical object. By the nineteen century, 427 00:33:29,680 --> 00:33:33,480 Speaker 1: the word guy had mostly lost its connection to the 428 00:33:33,600 --> 00:33:37,480 Speaker 1: former Guy Fox, and was used to characterize a man 429 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:43,760 Speaker 1: who was undeservedly cocky or otherwise foolish in some way. Eventually, 430 00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:48,320 Speaker 1: the terms negative connotations would fade, and the twentieth century 431 00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 1: would give birth to the term guy as the general 432 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:56,880 Speaker 1: male descriptor we know today. Obviously, we witnessed the change 433 00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:59,800 Speaker 1: of language every day, just in the use of slang 434 00:33:59,840 --> 00:34:02,960 Speaker 1: a loan. But I think it's worth noting that the 435 00:34:03,040 --> 00:34:07,120 Speaker 1: rules of grammar and language by extension are not as 436 00:34:07,240 --> 00:34:11,120 Speaker 1: rigid as we're taught to believe. Time gives the illusion 437 00:34:11,200 --> 00:34:15,399 Speaker 1: that certain words have simply always existed. But if this 438 00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:19,880 Speaker 1: specific piece of Guy Fox's legacy proves anything, it's that 439 00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:24,160 Speaker 1: language will always adapt to serve the world around it. 440 00:34:25,480 --> 00:34:44,480 Speaker 1: Thanks for listening, guys. Noble Blood is a production of 441 00:34:44,520 --> 00:34:47,880 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio and Grim and Mild from Aaron Manky. 442 00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:52,280 Speaker 1: Noble Blood is hosted by Me Danish Words. Additional writing 443 00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 1: and researching done by Hannah Johnston, hannah's Wick, Mirra Hayward, 444 00:34:56,640 --> 00:35:00,160 Speaker 1: Courtney Sunder and Laurie Goodman. The show is produced host 445 00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:04,680 Speaker 1: by rema Il Kali, with supervising producer Josh Thain and 446 00:35:04,840 --> 00:35:09,440 Speaker 1: executive producers Aaron Mankey, Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick. For 447 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:12,719 Speaker 1: more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit the I heart 448 00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:16,160 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 449 00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:16,880 Speaker 1: favorite shows.