1 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:07,000 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 2 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:09,680 Speaker 2: She'll shares of Alphabet are up for our second day 3 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:12,280 Speaker 2: following earnings late Wednesday. The company, as you know said, 4 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:16,320 Speaker 2: demand for AI products boosted quarterly sales and now requires 5 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:20,120 Speaker 2: an extremely increasing capital expending, heightening pressure on the company 6 00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:22,400 Speaker 2: to justify the cost of keeping up in the AI race. 7 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:25,159 Speaker 2: That's kind of the big picture Google Cloud revenue, and 8 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:27,480 Speaker 2: that's something we want to focus on and operating income. 9 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:31,920 Speaker 2: Top analyst projections our own Bloomberg Intelligence is Man Deep Seeing, 10 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,440 Speaker 2: writing after earnings that Google's increase capex view by ten 11 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:38,640 Speaker 2: billion dollars for the full year suggests that cloud segment 12 00:00:38,680 --> 00:00:41,519 Speaker 2: growth is likely to remain above thirty percent through the 13 00:00:41,560 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 2: second half. 14 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:42,319 Speaker 3: Well. 15 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 2: Our next guest is the chief operating officer of Google Cloud, 16 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:48,159 Speaker 2: in fact, it's first COO. Great to have with us 17 00:00:48,280 --> 00:00:50,639 Speaker 2: is Francis Desuza. He joins us from the Bloomberg News 18 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:53,360 Speaker 2: bureau out in San Francisco. Francis, welcome, so nice to 19 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 2: have you here with Tim and myself. 20 00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:57,639 Speaker 3: Great to be here, Thanks for having me. I want to. 21 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 2: Start with AI and cloud demand. As you know, it 22 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:03,400 Speaker 2: feels like so many conversations start with AI AI contributions 23 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 2: to Google Cloud growth thirty two percent. What are you 24 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:10,080 Speaker 2: seeing currently and continuously when it comes to AI and 25 00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:10,880 Speaker 2: cloud demand? 26 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, right now, it feels like there are two powerful 27 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:16,920 Speaker 3: mega trends that are playing out in the enterprise market. 28 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 3: The first is, you know, the continued move by companies 29 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:23,039 Speaker 3: of their workloads to the cloud, of their applications to 30 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:26,000 Speaker 3: the cloud. And the second, much bigger trend that's playing 31 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 3: at right now is the adoption of AI by companies. 32 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 3: And those two powerful mega trends are driving our business 33 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:35,040 Speaker 3: and fueling the growth that you saw in the quarter. 34 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 3: And so what we're seeing on the AI side is, 35 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:41,120 Speaker 3: you know, this is the fastest in my career that 36 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 3: I've seen a technology move from pilots to production. And 37 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:47,440 Speaker 3: so what we're in talking to customers, what they're telling 38 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:50,720 Speaker 3: is is they're recognizing the benefits that AI can bring 39 00:01:50,760 --> 00:01:53,440 Speaker 3: into their company. Across the board. You know, we have 40 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 3: companies that like Verizon that are using AI to help 41 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:00,760 Speaker 3: do customers support. We work at Seattle ChIL Dren's Hospital 42 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:05,320 Speaker 3: that's using AI to inform physicians in their communications with patients. 43 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:08,920 Speaker 3: We also have companies like Papa John's or McDonald's that 44 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:11,560 Speaker 3: are using AI in the franchises, and so we're seeing 45 00:02:11,919 --> 00:02:16,320 Speaker 3: broad adoption by enterprises across a number of places where 46 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:17,919 Speaker 3: they can see the benefits from AI. 47 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:20,360 Speaker 1: You just mentioned a few examples of companies that you 48 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:22,359 Speaker 1: work with. There are a lot of small businesses, though, 49 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:25,360 Speaker 1: and even large businesses that I think it's fair to 50 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:29,559 Speaker 1: say haven't fully harnessed what you view as the opportunity 51 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:31,680 Speaker 1: when it comes to AI. How big of an opportunity 52 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: is it for Google Cloud? What's a number? How can 53 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: you quantify this? 54 00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, I think you're absolutely right in that we're the 55 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:40,960 Speaker 3: very early stages of what is a very large sort 56 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:43,600 Speaker 3: of adoption market in front of us. Now. You know, 57 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:46,040 Speaker 3: you look at the numbers we delivered. You know, last 58 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:49,520 Speaker 3: quarter in Google Cloud, we delivered thirteen point six billion 59 00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 3: dollars in revenue, and as you said, that's up thirty 60 00:02:51,760 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 3: two percent year over year. So although the numbers are 61 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:57,119 Speaker 3: already big, we're still just at the very very beginning 62 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,800 Speaker 3: of AI adoption by companies. That's true whether you look 63 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:03,400 Speaker 3: at small companies who are starting to use it in 64 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,919 Speaker 3: terms of their outreach to customers to scale up their presence. 65 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:10,040 Speaker 3: From a marketing perspective, all the way to large enterprises. 66 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:11,920 Speaker 3: Were just at the very beginning of this big wave. 67 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:13,959 Speaker 2: You know, one of the things francisaid, I'm so glad 68 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 2: we could get some time with you, is that, you know, 69 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:19,440 Speaker 2: everybody kind of throws out AI and large language models generally, 70 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,040 Speaker 2: and we're just trying to get more of an understanding 71 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:24,679 Speaker 2: of how this all impacts our world. Drilled down a 72 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:26,920 Speaker 2: little bit further in terms of the customers that you 73 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:30,799 Speaker 2: are working with, big, medium and small, and how they 74 00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:33,480 Speaker 2: are using AI and how it's going to impact our lives. 75 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:37,440 Speaker 3: Yeah, we're seeing it show up in enterprises in a 76 00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:39,160 Speaker 3: whole bunch of different ways, and so let me give 77 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:42,880 Speaker 3: you some examples. You know, some large manufacturers like Toyota, 78 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:46,840 Speaker 3: for example, or Honeywell are using AI on the factory 79 00:03:46,880 --> 00:03:49,600 Speaker 3: floor to provide information to the people working on the 80 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:53,640 Speaker 3: factory floor to improve their operational ability, and also to 81 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 3: provide access for their customers to engineering and technical support 82 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:01,800 Speaker 3: documents around the product, so make it easier for customers 83 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:05,680 Speaker 3: to navigate and find the information they need. We're seeing 84 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 3: some hospitals, as I talked about, helping using AI to 85 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:15,839 Speaker 3: help write physicians access to whether it's guidelines or any 86 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 3: background information. In addition, we're seeing hospitals use AI to 87 00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:25,160 Speaker 3: automatically transcribe the communications with their patients. So what AI 88 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 3: will do is actually take the notes automatically and then 89 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:30,720 Speaker 3: upload it into the systems that it needs to. What 90 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:33,680 Speaker 3: that does is it frees up time for the medical 91 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:36,400 Speaker 3: professionals to do what they do best, which is deal 92 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:40,880 Speaker 3: with patients. We're seeing small businesses they're using AI to 93 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,960 Speaker 3: create marketing materials and do that much more efficiently. We're 94 00:04:44,960 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 3: seeing large retailers like Wayfair that are using AI to 95 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:52,120 Speaker 3: create more personalized experiences for their customers when you come 96 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:55,480 Speaker 3: to the website, so you can imagine as you're using Wayfair, 97 00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,320 Speaker 3: you can imagine how the furniture items will look in 98 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:02,160 Speaker 3: your environment. Rids a better shopping experience for customers. So 99 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:05,800 Speaker 3: we're seeing a wide swath of ways that AI is 100 00:05:05,839 --> 00:05:06,960 Speaker 3: being used in companies. 101 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,920 Speaker 2: I'm so glad you mentioned kind of the medical area 102 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:11,800 Speaker 2: and what they're doing, because I think a lot of 103 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:14,680 Speaker 2: folks come on our air and talk to the Bloomberg 104 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:19,280 Speaker 2: audience and talk about how AI might significantly impact not 105 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:22,440 Speaker 2: just hospitals, but just how we get medical care. You 106 00:05:22,560 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 2: are the former CEO of Alumina, and I think about 107 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:29,080 Speaker 2: DNA sequencing and all of the information and data that 108 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:32,120 Speaker 2: could potentially improve how we are treated when it comes 109 00:05:32,160 --> 00:05:35,320 Speaker 2: to healthcare. How are you thinking about that space and 110 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:37,760 Speaker 2: what it might mean for Google Cloud and demand there. 111 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, I think AI is going to have a very 112 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:44,039 Speaker 3: big impact in a number of ways across healthcare. Right, so, 113 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:46,600 Speaker 3: if we talked about some ways where it's helping in 114 00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 3: the delivery of care by freeing up medical professionals from 115 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:54,599 Speaker 3: administrative tasks and using more of their time to actually 116 00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:58,280 Speaker 3: interact with patients. In addition, it's also helping medical professionals 117 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:02,680 Speaker 3: get access to the information they need across a whole 118 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 3: swath of information, so you know, they need to be 119 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:07,640 Speaker 3: able to stay on top of guidelines as they emerge, 120 00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:10,680 Speaker 3: new research that's being published, as well as all the 121 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:13,760 Speaker 3: information on the patient, and increasingly, you know, we're getting 122 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:16,240 Speaker 3: more and more personalized information on a patient. You talked 123 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:18,960 Speaker 3: about genomics, There are a lot of images as well 124 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,480 Speaker 3: as previous lab tests, and so what AI can do 125 00:06:21,880 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 3: is sort of take all that information and present it 126 00:06:24,640 --> 00:06:27,360 Speaker 3: in a more digestible way so that you can make 127 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:31,280 Speaker 3: better decisions. In addition, AI can also help you know 128 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:34,839 Speaker 3: earlier in the process of drug development. We've seen fantastic 129 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:39,159 Speaker 3: advances with tools like alpha fold, which allows you to, 130 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:43,200 Speaker 3: you know, deduce a three D protein structure across hundreds 131 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:46,159 Speaker 3: of millions of protein types. But that does then, is 132 00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:49,599 Speaker 3: that allows you to identify maybe new druggable targets that 133 00:06:49,640 --> 00:06:52,880 Speaker 3: allow you to treat diseases. A. I can also help 134 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:57,159 Speaker 3: bring information together, you know, the genomic information, the phenotypic information, 135 00:06:57,480 --> 00:07:01,440 Speaker 3: you know, the the imaging inform and help us get 136 00:07:01,520 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 3: better understanding of what causes diseases and how they develop. 137 00:07:06,080 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 3: And that could give us new insights that allow us 138 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,280 Speaker 3: to think about how we can treat those diseases better. 139 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:14,840 Speaker 3: So in almost every part of the healthcare industry, you 140 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:17,400 Speaker 3: can see how AI can help improve that industry. 141 00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,640 Speaker 1: We're speaking with Francis Desu's a chief operating officer over 142 00:07:20,720 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: at Google Cloud. Francis, I want to talk a little 143 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: bit about competition. For years, Amazon has been number one. 144 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 1: According to our Bloomberg Intelligence team and data from IDC. 145 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:33,000 Speaker 1: In twenty twenty three, AWS had about forty seven percent 146 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,240 Speaker 1: of the infrastructure as a service market share, Microsoft in 147 00:07:36,280 --> 00:07:39,560 Speaker 1: second place with sixteen percent, and then Google coming in 148 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:42,720 Speaker 1: with about six percent. How do you get to number 149 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:44,000 Speaker 1: two and then number one? 150 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:47,560 Speaker 3: What's really interesting is that is as I talk to 151 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:50,840 Speaker 3: customers with their things as a convergence of two really 152 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:54,560 Speaker 3: big important spaces. One is the cloud spaces you talked about, 153 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:58,560 Speaker 3: and two AI. So nearly every customer conversation I have 154 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:01,600 Speaker 3: now in prospect conversation I have is really all about 155 00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 3: AI and how it will impact businesses. And we are 156 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:08,760 Speaker 3: the only hyperscaler that actually has our own AI stack. 157 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:11,200 Speaker 3: So if you think about every part of the AI 158 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:15,760 Speaker 3: technology stack, Google has leading technology. So for example, on 159 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:18,280 Speaker 3: the chip side, we're one of the largest partners in 160 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:21,120 Speaker 3: the world with Nvidia on GPUs, but we also have 161 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:25,800 Speaker 3: our own technology TPUs that are very highly performant and 162 00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 3: we run them in our data centers. In terms of 163 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:32,520 Speaker 3: the models, we work with a number of other model providers, 164 00:08:32,520 --> 00:08:34,839 Speaker 3: so if you go into our model garden, you can 165 00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:38,080 Speaker 3: access models from companies like Anthropic and deep Seek. But 166 00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:40,839 Speaker 3: we also have the world's leading model with Gemini two 167 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:43,640 Speaker 3: dot five, which is performing really well on the top 168 00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:47,280 Speaker 3: of the leaderboards in almost every part of AI, and 169 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:50,679 Speaker 3: so here too we provide our own leading technologies and 170 00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:54,400 Speaker 3: it's Gemini, but it's also our image models, our video models, 171 00:08:54,600 --> 00:08:57,880 Speaker 3: our time series models, our weather models. And then we 172 00:08:57,920 --> 00:09:01,120 Speaker 3: also provide our own applications on top of that, like 173 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker 3: Agent Space that allow companies to easily develop their own agents. 174 00:09:05,280 --> 00:09:08,160 Speaker 3: And then we have a leading cybersecurity portfolio. And so 175 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 3: where we are differentiated in the market is that as 176 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 3: we talk to customers, we're really the only hyperscaler that 177 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:16,720 Speaker 3: can talk about our own native AI stack that's leading 178 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,719 Speaker 3: technologies in each part of the stack, as well as 179 00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:22,760 Speaker 3: our cloud, and that's playing really well, and that's driving 180 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:24,640 Speaker 3: a lot of the results that you are seeing, including 181 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 3: the results we just published, you know yesterday on the arnings. 182 00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:29,480 Speaker 2: Call, I got to say it's the thinking models, the 183 00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 2: Gemini two point five that really kind of are blowing 184 00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 2: everybody's minds. Hey, one thing I want to ask you, 185 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:38,199 Speaker 2: speaking of customers, Tim and I full disclosure, we talk 186 00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:40,440 Speaker 2: about it a lot. Are a little bit obsessed with Weimo. 187 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:43,840 Speaker 2: How much is Weimo using Google Cloud. I'm just curious 188 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 2: in terms of keeping that all going and running. 189 00:09:48,559 --> 00:09:51,280 Speaker 3: Yeah, I totally understand why you love Weimo. I love 190 00:09:51,280 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 3: Weimo too. Living in San Francisco, I've been using it 191 00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:56,160 Speaker 3: for a few years and my daughters and I love it. 192 00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 3: As you can imagine, you know, being sister, you know 193 00:09:59,320 --> 00:10:02,880 Speaker 3: parts of Google Google we leverage technologies that Google Cloud 194 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:05,400 Speaker 3: is building as well as deep Mind is building, and 195 00:10:05,440 --> 00:10:08,600 Speaker 3: so as you could imagine, you know, there's really close 196 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:12,440 Speaker 3: interactions from a technology perspective across these different parts of Google. 197 00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:16,520 Speaker 2: Hey, just thirty seconds left. Security. As we know your 198 00:10:16,559 --> 00:10:22,800 Speaker 2: former background semantech, you understand the importance of security specifically, 199 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:25,839 Speaker 2: and I'm just curious what do you keep top of 200 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 2: mind when you think about the security of Google Cloud 201 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:29,240 Speaker 2: and keeping it secure. 202 00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:33,600 Speaker 3: Yeah. As you point out, security is a really important 203 00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:36,199 Speaker 3: area for us to focus on, and it's a core 204 00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:38,720 Speaker 3: part of the value that we deliver to our customers 205 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:42,560 Speaker 3: in terms of providing a very resilient, protected cloud. There 206 00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 3: are a number of things that you know that are 207 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:46,559 Speaker 3: top of mind for us and for our customers as 208 00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:49,360 Speaker 3: we talk about security, especially in a world of AI. 209 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:54,120 Speaker 3: One is it's important that security companies are leaning deep 210 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:58,120 Speaker 3: into leveraging AI to improve their security capability. So we 211 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:01,600 Speaker 3: offer agents, for example, that customers can deploy as part 212 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,520 Speaker 3: of their security operations center, as part of their threat 213 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:09,480 Speaker 3: intelligence gathering, and so we're also doing research on how 214 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,880 Speaker 3: AI can be leveraged by the bad actors and think 215 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:15,600 Speaker 3: about how you can stay on top of providing defenses 216 00:11:15,640 --> 00:11:18,920 Speaker 3: for things like you know, altered images and videos and 217 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,440 Speaker 3: deep fakes. It's also important to our customers that the 218 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 3: security we provide works multi clouds, so not just for 219 00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:28,880 Speaker 3: Google Cloud, but that they can have the same security 220 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,880 Speaker 3: posture for workloads that they have on other clouds as well, 221 00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:34,120 Speaker 3: and so that's an important part of the conversation too. 222 00:11:34,320 --> 00:11:37,440 Speaker 3: So provide leading edge technologies, stay on top of AI 223 00:11:37,640 --> 00:11:41,360 Speaker 3: and the expanding sort of threat landscape that opens up, 224 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 3: and then also make sure that whatever you give us, 225 00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 3: you know, works across clouds. 226 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:47,480 Speaker 2: So glad we could get some time with you. Francis 227 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:50,200 Speaker 2: Desuza he's the chief operating officer at Google Cloud, former 228 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:53,600 Speaker 2: CEO of Alumina, and also former president at Samantech, where 229 00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:56,080 Speaker 2: he oversaw the security and data management portfolio.