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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know

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Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot Com. Join Josh and Chuck,

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Speaker 1: the guys who bring you Stuff you Should Know, as

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Speaker 1: they take a trip around the world to help you

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Speaker 1: get smarter in a topsy turv economy. Check out the

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Speaker 1: all new super Stuffed Guide to the Economy from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com, available now exclusively on iTunes. Hey,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast Whoop Whoop. That's the side

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Speaker 1: of the police. I'm Josh Clark, Chuck Bryant's with me.

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Speaker 1: Boogie Down Productions, Old school rap. That's right, took nice one,

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Speaker 1: good call. I love it. Yeah. So um, how are

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Speaker 1: you doing. I'm well, sir, Yeah, I'm doing really well. Chuck. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: thank you for asking. Thanks. Do it look healthy from

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Speaker 1: the from the nose up, I've noticed that my base

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Speaker 1: is becoming increasingly resemblant to a catcher's mit, an old

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Speaker 1: catcher's met and not a compass, no, like a very

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Speaker 1: round catchers it a perfectly round catcher man. How about that,

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Speaker 1: like one of those catchers mits from like the early days.

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Speaker 1: Maybe my full name could be compass head catcherst it's

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Speaker 1: a little cumbersome. So, Chuck, have you ever met a cat?

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Speaker 1: I've got two cats, so you have? Oh yeah, you've

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Speaker 1: got the Whiz and Lebron. That's pretty close. Actually, I'm

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Speaker 1: impressed the Wizard and Laurn Lauren. Okay, yeah, I just

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Speaker 1: added a b right, and I would not name my

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Speaker 1: cat after Lebron James currently killing the Atlanta Hawks. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's good though, and a good guy here. Yeah. Sure, so, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: have you ever met a cat that could predict death? No?

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Speaker 1: But I love this story. It's a good one. Do

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Speaker 1: you mean the story of Oscar? Yeah? I remember what happened.

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Speaker 1: Oh really? Oh yeah, I remember reading about it. I've

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Speaker 1: got to pay more attention. Yeah. My wife and I

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Speaker 1: share these animal stories with each other, gotcha. Okay, like

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Speaker 1: Christian the lion who was taken to Kenyan the seventies,

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Speaker 1: don't think there was not a tear or two shed?

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Speaker 1: And I agreed Brian Alsehold, especially the one, the version

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Speaker 1: of it that was put to Aerosmith's Um. I don't

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Speaker 1: want to uh, don't want to miss a thing. Don't

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Speaker 1: want to miss a thing? Yes, exactly, nice Chuck, Okay, well.

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Speaker 1: Back in two thousand seven, the New England Journal of Medicine,

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Speaker 1: which is not exactly known for its sensational journalism UM

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Speaker 1: published a story about a cat named Oscar. And Oscar

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Speaker 1: was a resident at a Rhode Island nursing home, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the Steerhouse Nursing and Rehab Center. And basically he was

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Speaker 1: just a normal cat. Aloof kind of was like, Hey,

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Speaker 1: you're old and I'm staying away from you. For the

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Speaker 1: most part. It was a home. It is a home

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Speaker 1: for people with advanced dementia, and I get the impression

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Speaker 1: that it has a bit of a hospice vibe to

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Speaker 1: it here there um so Oscar, as I said, it's

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Speaker 1: generally aloof except when you're about to die all of

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Speaker 1: a sudden. If you're laying in bed and Oscar comes

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Speaker 1: over to you and sits down next to your bed

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Speaker 1: and starts hanging out with you, you got a couple

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Speaker 1: of hours left. And uh, Oscar is actually pretty good

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Speaker 1: at predicting death. Uh, there's at least twenty five cases

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Speaker 1: where he accurately predicted the death of a person in

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Speaker 1: the Steer Nursing Home and Josher's there was a rumor

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Speaker 1: there is a rumor on the internet going around that

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Speaker 1: Oscar met an untimely death and there was a mysterious

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Speaker 1: dented bedpan found near his lifeless cat body. Not so,

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Speaker 1: because we just called. We called the Steer Nursing Home

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Speaker 1: to find out there were there were It was kind

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Speaker 1: of vague. There were a couple of reputable news sources

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Speaker 1: e g. The Savannah Morning News that carried that story,

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Speaker 1: but they all appeared to be the same. So Chuck

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Speaker 1: and I, being the internet sluice that we are, just

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Speaker 1: picked up the phone and did it the old fashioned way,

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Speaker 1: and we called the nursing home. And Oscar is still

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Speaker 1: alive and well and in the nursing home, apparently predicting

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Speaker 1: death as well. Right, although she said that she was

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Speaker 1: she was looking at Oscar. I wonder if she met

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Speaker 1: Oscar's stuffed body on the counter of the check in

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Speaker 1: on that floor. But how hilarious is that that Oscar

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Speaker 1: would be murdered because patients didn't like him predicting their

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Speaker 1: deaths anymore. So not true. Oscars alive and well. I

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Speaker 1: must say when I said my wife and I really

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Speaker 1: loved the story. We didn't see it as a as

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Speaker 1: a maccab predictor of death kind of thing. Like Josh Bannett,

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Speaker 1: we saw it as a comforting thing that an animal provides.

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Speaker 1: Was trying to comfort these people. So that's the way

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Speaker 1: I took it. Is it? There are other theories? Okay? Alright,

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Speaker 1: so Chuck, how could a cat possibly predict death? Right?

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Speaker 1: They can smell it? Perhaps smelling is probably the likeliest answer. Yes.

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Speaker 1: You know, when you're sick, like when you have the flu,

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Speaker 1: you don't smell quite right, you know what I mean?

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Speaker 1: You smell sick like your breath is messed up, there's

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Speaker 1: some gunk coming out of your pores. I when I

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Speaker 1: was sick over the course of the last like eight podcast, UM,

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Speaker 1: I was waking up with literally my eyelids pasted shut

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Speaker 1: from gunk that was coming out. And don't think that

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Speaker 1: didn't smell, pal You want to know more swine flu?

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Speaker 1: I want to get back to the cats smelling death? Okay,

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Speaker 1: So smelling is a pretty obvious way. Apparently, as UM

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Speaker 1: people's organs begin to shut down or fail. Uh that

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Speaker 1: there's the hypothesis that, um, this would omit certain smells,

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Speaker 1: certain chemicals that humans cannot smell. What's that called? When

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Speaker 1: a cell commits suicide. Uh sellicide at auto license r

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Speaker 1: mortist baby. Um, so okay, the I guess the the

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Speaker 1: the senses that as these cells begin to cannibalize themselves

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Speaker 1: and break down and all their contents are at least

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Speaker 1: it starts to admit a smell that might attract Oscar. Right.

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Speaker 1: But the cool thing is, as you said, uh, he

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Speaker 1: it's not like he just goes in points like this,

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Speaker 1: one's next and then leaves. He hangs out until the

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Speaker 1: person is dead and then he leaves. Yeah, that's that's

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Speaker 1: what I took. Is that's the comforting part to me,

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Speaker 1: and comforting or you know, you wonder if you could

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Speaker 1: get the cat that lead you've got a second chance

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Speaker 1: or something not true at all. I wonder if people

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Speaker 1: have ever tried to bargain with the cat, like, dude,

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Speaker 1: I'll totally get you more friskies if you just get

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Speaker 1: out of here, or if one of the people in

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Speaker 1: the home that didn't like one of the other people

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Speaker 1: left a little trail of kibble, yeah, just to screw

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Speaker 1: with the their fellow patient nursing home hygiene. It makes

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Speaker 1: you wonder, Chuck, is it possible that Oscar the cat

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Speaker 1: is in fact the Grim Reaper. Uh, he is not Josh.

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Speaker 1: But that's just one example of what we're talking about,

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Speaker 1: which is animals having a sixth sense. Oh what a

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Speaker 1: sixth CeNSE? Well said Chuck. You we already decided that

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Speaker 1: Chuck was going to say six cents and not me

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Speaker 1: because I can't say yeah, thanks for the impression of

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Speaker 1: each other. I have a speech impediment, it turns out. So, uh,

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Speaker 1: should we talk about dogs next? Well? Yeah, one of

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Speaker 1: the one of the things that's fascinating about oscars. Cats

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Speaker 1: aren't They're not they don't do that. They're not empathetic,

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Speaker 1: they're not supposed to do that. They're not known for

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Speaker 1: being dogs are right, Um? Dogs tend to be very happy,

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Speaker 1: loving creatures, and so it would make more sense if

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Speaker 1: Oscar was a dog. Sure, because dogs there's all kinds

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Speaker 1: of anecdotal stories, uh about dogs detecting cancer by smelling,

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Speaker 1: and not just anecdotal. My friend, well, Mr Stack guy,

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Speaker 1: I happen to have a study right here, you're killing me.

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Speaker 1: I have a two thousand six study right um, And

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Speaker 1: I have no idea where it's from, but it seems

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Speaker 1: a little shaky to me quite too. It's from Science

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Speaker 1: Daily pal. They don't printice anything. UM. It was a

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Speaker 1: two thousand six study where they took eight six patients

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Speaker 1: with cancer with lung cancer and thirty one with breast

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Speaker 1: cancer and these were confirmed cancer cases. And then they

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Speaker 1: used a control sample of eighty three healthy people, right,

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Speaker 1: And they actually took breath samples from these people and

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Speaker 1: and seal them in special tubes, and then they exposed

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Speaker 1: them to these dogs. They had dog sniff the different

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Speaker 1: samples and UM with a eight to seven percent UM accuracy.

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Speaker 1: Thank you. Uh, these dogs could pick out people with cancer.

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Speaker 1: Really wow. So clearly there's some smells that we humans

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Speaker 1: aren't aware of, aren't cognizant of, you know, because we

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Speaker 1: like to smoke and eat cheeseburgers and things like that. UM,

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Speaker 1: that that animals can sense, which would explain why you

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Speaker 1: could detect cancer. And there's another study that showed that

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Speaker 1: UM dogs could detect bladder cancer in urine. So there

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Speaker 1: you have that one to thank you, and uh that

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Speaker 1: you know that makes sense to me because animals certainly

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Speaker 1: have different hearing capacities than we do. UM. High pitched

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Speaker 1: sounds like dog whistles, we can't hear humans typically here

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Speaker 1: between twenty and twenty thousand hurts. And elephants too can

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Speaker 1: hear between sixteen and twelve thousand, and cattle can go

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Speaker 1: all the way up to forty thou And so that's

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Speaker 1: why when animals are said to predict weather and earthquakes

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Speaker 1: and things like that, that and bear barometric pressure changes.

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Speaker 1: They pick up on these things when humans don't. So

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Speaker 1: it's not exactly that they have a sixth sense, but

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Speaker 1: they used the five senses are more heightened than humans are.

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Speaker 1: That's interesting that you say cattle can hear better than

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Speaker 1: anybody else. What was that? Well, because I was reading

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Speaker 1: in this article it mentions the two four tsunami and

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Speaker 1: how there were so few animal carcasses found because so

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Speaker 1: many animals acted strangely and basically headed to higher ground

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Speaker 1: before the tsunami hit. The animals that they found the

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Speaker 1: most of her cattle. So maybe they know and they're

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Speaker 1: just like, I don't have a whole lot to live for,

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Speaker 1: I'm just gonna let death take me now. Or maybe they,

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Speaker 1: you know, had a harder time getting out of there

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Speaker 1: than heading the higher crown. I don't know. Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: just one theory. So okay, So Oscar maybe in the

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Speaker 1: league of his own by predicting death. But yeah, there

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Speaker 1: there is tons of anecdotal evidence that animals, um especially

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Speaker 1: dag can sense illness. Right. Um, there was there was

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Speaker 1: a chihuahua that a woman in England owned. Who um

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Speaker 1: said that her dog detected a breast cancer. I thought

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Speaker 1: you're gonna say, taco bell, No awful. It was a

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Speaker 1: detective breast cancer three different times in her which sucks.

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Speaker 1: She had breast cancer three different times. Better chihuahua was like,

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Speaker 1: you got breast cancer? Hunt? Interesting? And uh. There was

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Speaker 1: a person with a Dalmatian. I don't know where he

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Speaker 1: or she was from, but um, the dalmatian kept smelling

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Speaker 1: this freckle on the on the owner's arm and it

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Speaker 1: turned out skin cancer. Isn't that weird? I believe it? Man?

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Speaker 1: Why not? Like I always say, why not? I mean,

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Speaker 1: what do we know as humans? I mean, who knows?

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Speaker 1: Maybe animals can totally smell these things. Should we go

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Speaker 1: to epilepsy? I think we should. I think we totally should.

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Speaker 1: This is something that's it's kind of controversial. Um. One

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Speaker 1: of the great failings of my opinion of science is

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Speaker 1: that if it can't readily explain something immediately, then it's

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Speaker 1: just poop poo's it. But it's looking more and more

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Speaker 1: like which is a scientific term for discredit. I think, yeah,

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Speaker 1: poo poo, um, it is looking more and more like

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Speaker 1: dogs can sense epilepsy. Now, I think one of the

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Speaker 1: misleading things in these two articles can animals predict death?

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Speaker 1: And can a dog really predict a seizure is the

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Speaker 1: use of the word predict. There is no prediction. I

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Speaker 1: was reading this awesome article on CNN and it was

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Speaker 1: about a woman named Klie Johnson and she has um

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Speaker 1: epilepsy and cerebral palsy, so she has a seizure. She

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Speaker 1: is in trouble. She she wrote, She's in a wheelchair

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Speaker 1: and she has to wear a helmet all the time

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Speaker 1: because of this UM. And she actually recently got a

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Speaker 1: a dog that is a UM seizure sensing dog, epilepsy

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Speaker 1: trained seizure alert dog. That's what it's called. Yeah um. Now,

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Speaker 1: there's all sorts of seizure response dogs. This is established fact.

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Speaker 1: Dogs can be trained to um basically go get help,

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Speaker 1: bring food or a blanket. UM. Some lay on top

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Speaker 1: of their owners while they're having caesars to like to

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Speaker 1: keep um. Yeah, to keep from any kind of uh,

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Speaker 1: further injury or right. Um. This is different though totally different,

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Speaker 1: because that's a response. This is an alert. Um. She

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Speaker 1: has a dog that she got actually chucked from up

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Speaker 1: the street. In alfred and Georgia, there's a group called

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Speaker 1: Canine Assistance. Yeah and um. In the last few years

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Speaker 1: they've trained a hundred seizure dogs. Um. And they actually

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Speaker 1: this is the cool part. Caesar dogs um tend to

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Speaker 1: be one of the more expensive dogs, like ten g

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Speaker 1: twenty grand for a dog to train and keep it

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Speaker 1: healthy and fed over its lifetime. Right, yes, that's for

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Speaker 1: the lifetime. Yeah, veterinary care, that kind of think. That's

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Speaker 1: way more than the average dog. Um. The cool thing

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Speaker 1: about Canine Assistance is that they the people who get

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Speaker 1: their dogs kidding for free and they actually fly the

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Speaker 1: people there their dogs recipients out to Atlanta to hang

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Speaker 1: out with the dog for two weeks and they pay

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Speaker 1: for everything that pay for air fair um, lodging, food,

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Speaker 1: the whole shebang. Um. And they actually also pay for

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Speaker 1: the dogs veterinary and food bills for the rest of

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Speaker 1: its life. Yeah. That is a great organization. It's a

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Speaker 1: canine assistance out of Alpharetta, Georgia, and they are doing

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Speaker 1: some good in the world. Um. But anyway, there in

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Speaker 1: this article there were two funny well one was terribly ironic,

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Speaker 1: the other was kind of funny. UM. The the the

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Speaker 1: researcher a neurologist who is poo pooing the concept that

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Speaker 1: UM dogs can predict seizures. His name is Dr Gregory Berkley. Barkley,

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Speaker 1: you give me this look, and I was like, I'm

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Speaker 1: missing something here, and he said, and I actually agree

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Speaker 1: with him. He points out that the dogs can't predict

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Speaker 1: seizures UM, but that it's actually responding to an earlier

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Speaker 1: stage of the seizure before the patient is aware that

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Speaker 1: the caesuar is going on. Okay, like an eye movement

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Speaker 1: or dilation, possibly a smell, something that the patient's not

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Speaker 1: aware of. And the big problem with seizures is that

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Speaker 1: if you're driving a car, yeah, and you have a seizure,

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Speaker 1: so long, right, And I know that the ones who

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Speaker 1: are good at this, the dogs are good at this,

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Speaker 1: can predict anywhere. But I mean sometimes it's like thirty seconds,

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Speaker 1: which is enough time to pull a car over. But

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Speaker 1: this one lady said that she gets about a thirty

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Speaker 1: to forty five minute heads up from her her dog,

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Speaker 1: so did MS Johnson. She gets anywhere from twenty to

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Speaker 1: forty minutes. And this this dog that she just got

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Speaker 1: last year named ben Um, he's actually her second. Here's

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Speaker 1: the here's the horribly ironic thing. Um. She had another

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Speaker 1: great seizure dog for twelve years named McKeever, who actually

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Speaker 1: helps through her roughest time. She was having many more

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Speaker 1: seizures I think, uh, I think about ten a week maybe,

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Speaker 1: and it's actually gone down since then. But he was

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Speaker 1: really working over time. She had him for twelve years

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Speaker 1: until two thousand and seven when he died after having

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Speaker 1: his own seizure. Boy, isn't that awful? Yeah, this podcast

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Speaker 1: officially became one that my wife will not listen to.

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Speaker 1: I will steer her away from this. Yeah, dogs having

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Speaker 1: seizures is kind of sad. Yeah, but what an irony is?

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Speaker 1: So it is possible for a dog to uh Again,

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Speaker 1: we shouldn't use the word predict the seizure, and they

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Speaker 1: don't necessarily have to be trained, right, Chuck? Aren't some

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Speaker 1: of them just the household pets that are picking up

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Speaker 1: on this just from living around people with epilepsy. Right,

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Speaker 1: And I think they've also decided that it's uh not

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Speaker 1: breed specific either, so it's not I don't think they

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Speaker 1: found any specific breed has been any better than the next. Right,

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Speaker 1: Is that true? Uh? Yeah, I remember. I think it's

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Speaker 1: the impression I have is that it's more exposure to

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Speaker 1: epilepsy than anything else, and looking for signs and queues,

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Speaker 1: and then the second stages learning to not be afraid

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Speaker 1: of what happens when the owner's eyes roll back ahead

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Speaker 1: and they start trembling, and then they alert. They all

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Speaker 1: have their different ways of alerting. Some poet them, some

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Speaker 1: lick their hand. Uh. Some I think walk around in

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Speaker 1: circles or make a close eye contact. So it's pretty cool.

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Speaker 1: They have their different messages they'll send the owner. Yeah

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Speaker 1: you got anything else? No, I don't think so, Josh.

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Speaker 1: I would like to say, UM. One of the things

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Speaker 1: that I have read in researching this was that, UM, people,

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Speaker 1: since it's not proven, and since if it if it

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Speaker 1: does work, if a dog can sense a seizure early

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Speaker 1: on just from being around someone with epilepsy. UM, I

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Speaker 1: read over and over again that people are kind of

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Speaker 1: warned from staying away from um dog breeders or trainers

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Speaker 1: that charge you like twenty grand for a dog UM,

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Speaker 1: especially with with groups like Canine Assistants out there doing

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Speaker 1: lots of good. Yeah, and they can never guarantee to

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Speaker 1: That's the other takeaway I had is that doctors say

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Speaker 1: that this can be you can be a good thing,

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Speaker 1: but it's certainly not a fail safe and you should

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Speaker 1: never like rely on this as your only means of

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Speaker 1: helping yourself out if you have. But at the end,

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Speaker 1: even if the dogs hit and they feel pretty good

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Speaker 1: and they can and they also doctors said, they do

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Speaker 1: provide the companionship and the and all the other good things. Ultimately,

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Speaker 1: you have a dog, and how can you go wrong

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Speaker 1: when you got a dog? Exactly? My dogs the only

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Speaker 1: thing they can predict is five o'clock dinner time. And

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Speaker 1: so where am I? What does that leave me? Um?

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Speaker 1: Feeding the dogs? But feeding the dogs, it's their world

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Speaker 1: and I'm just living in it. If you want to

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Speaker 1: learn more about animals and their sixth senses? How is

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Speaker 1: that type in animals and predict in the search part

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Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com? And uh, that leaves us

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Speaker 1: with only one possibility, the possibility that it is time

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Speaker 1: for listener mail. It is Josh. This is part two

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Speaker 1: of high fructose Corn Syrup Replies. Seriously, dude, I'm telling

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Speaker 1: you these For some reason, corn brings out the smarts

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Speaker 1: because these people were awesome and it was not just

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Speaker 1: fluffy like so many fanmail. No, I'm just kidding, Wow, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: just kidding. Uh. This is from when in Los Angeles

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Speaker 1: and when says, uh, he wants to add a little

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Speaker 1: bit about what we said about HFCs. He said, you

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Speaker 1: said it was very cheap, and that's why it's used

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Speaker 1: to such extent. True enough, but you did not mention.

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Speaker 1: And we had a couple of people right in about

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Speaker 1: this is that the price of HFCs has kept artificially

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Speaker 1: low by the policies of the US government. US government

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Speaker 1: has placed a quota on sugar imports to the US

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Speaker 1: in order to protect the domestic sugar producers and sugars.

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Speaker 1: Case are called tariff rate quotas. So that provides for

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Speaker 1: a low tariff on certain quantity which is a quota amount,

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Speaker 1: and a higher tariff on any quantity above that level.

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Speaker 1: So this creates an artificial shortage of sugar that drives

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Speaker 1: up US prices and supports American sugar growers, but it

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Speaker 1: also makes sugar a very expensive product. Just to give

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Speaker 1: you an idea, last year, the price per pound of

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Speaker 1: sugar in the United States was about fifty five cents

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Speaker 1: and the world price was about eighteen cents. Wow. Is

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Speaker 1: that amazing? God, I wish I'd lived in Portugal. Uh.

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Speaker 1: In contrast, Josh HFCs runs about twenty five cents per pound.

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Speaker 1: What So it is no surprise that when President Reagan

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Speaker 1: drastically lowered the quota for sugar in the eighties, driving

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Speaker 1: up the domestic price way way up, the major soft

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Speaker 1: drink maker switch from sugar to high princ dos corn strups.

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Speaker 1: So there you have it, and thank yeah. If the

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Speaker 1: if the sugar market in the US was unrestricted, there

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Speaker 1: will be no economic consented for anyone to use HFCs,

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Speaker 1: and those quotas would be removed from the sugar market.

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Speaker 1: Is uh that they would be removed as pretty much

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Speaker 1: impossible now because there's too much money at stake. So

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Speaker 1: we had other people writing in about this and that's

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Speaker 1: it seems to be. It's going on. Yeah, So thank you.

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Speaker 1: When in Los Angeles you are super fan an awesome

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Speaker 1: field reporter will call you, hey, you know what, we

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Speaker 1: should start saying what we're going to do in the

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Speaker 1: future and let people tell us ahead of time. Then

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Speaker 1: we can work it into the podcast and give him

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Speaker 1: zero credit for it. That's true field reporters. We have

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Speaker 1: field reporters. Yeah, eye reporters. So if you wanted to

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Speaker 1: I report for us, or just say hi or be

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Speaker 1: like what up yo? Send us a an email to

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Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at how stuff works dot com. For more

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Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics. Is it how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com and be sure to check out

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Speaker 1: this stuff you Should Know blog on the house stuff

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Speaker 1: works dot com home page. Brought to you by the

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Speaker 1: reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you