1 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:07,200 Speaker 1: Hey, this is Anny and Samantha. I'm what kind of 2 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:09,600 Speaker 1: stuff I never told your production of iHeartRadio. 3 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,440 Speaker 2: And y'all, I'm so excited because I think we've been 4 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:24,680 Speaker 2: working on this episode for a minute, especially like in 5 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 2: my head, because we are bringing on one of my 6 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:31,480 Speaker 2: good friends who has done an amazing amount of work 7 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 2: and recently graduated with her doctorate. Yes, doctor, she is 8 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:39,479 Speaker 2: a doctor, and we must celebrate all those things. We 9 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:43,279 Speaker 2: are bringing on doctor Sika Debt. Oh, we're gonna call 10 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:46,000 Speaker 2: her doctor Debto, although sometimes you know, I might call 11 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,479 Speaker 2: her by Ceci because we close like that, right, CEC. Absolutely, 12 00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 2: But for this episode, you have earned that title of 13 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:58,960 Speaker 2: doctor Debto because you have done so much amazing work 14 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 2: and I'm so exc to talk about the research that 15 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:04,000 Speaker 2: you have been doing and has finished. 16 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:06,520 Speaker 3: But it's never finished. Let's just be real honest, right. 17 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 2: But first, before we get into it, because obviously I'm 18 00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:11,760 Speaker 2: jumping ahead because I'm too excited about this episode, can 19 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:13,760 Speaker 2: you introduce yourself for our listeners? 20 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:17,520 Speaker 4: Thank you so much, Samantha for the introduction. I would 21 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:21,280 Speaker 4: love to introduce myself. Hello everyone, my name is doctor 22 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:24,720 Speaker 4: Sika or Ccdetto, and I'm really happy to be here 23 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:28,120 Speaker 4: with you today. Samantha. You are right. We've been talking 24 00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:31,000 Speaker 4: about this for a while, and I'm excited to finally 25 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:33,400 Speaker 4: share a bit more about my work and my journey. 26 00:01:34,319 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 4: My academic focus centers on maternal health and public health, 27 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 4: and my dissertation explored antenato care utilization and HIV AIDS 28 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:48,040 Speaker 4: awareness among women of reproductive agent Senegal. So really quickly, 29 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 4: I want to give you key definitions. Intonato care refers 30 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:56,840 Speaker 4: to the routine healthcare women receive you during pregnancy, including 31 00:01:56,920 --> 00:02:01,800 Speaker 4: medical checkups, health education, screenings, and support aimed at ensuring 32 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:03,720 Speaker 4: the health and well being of both the mother and 33 00:02:03,760 --> 00:02:07,600 Speaker 4: the baby and women of reproductive age. And the study 34 00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:10,160 Speaker 4: is the finest women between the ages of fifteen to 35 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:14,399 Speaker 4: forty nine years old. I mentioned that my dissertation topics. 36 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:18,919 Speaker 4: I recently graduated in December from Georgia State University located 37 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:22,760 Speaker 4: in Atlanta with my doctorate of Public Health. I started 38 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:27,320 Speaker 4: the program in twenty twenty one and I graduated in 39 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:34,000 Speaker 4: twenty twenty five. So for beautiful years working to receive 40 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:38,239 Speaker 4: my degree, which I'm very proud of and very excited about. 41 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:41,800 Speaker 4: And as you know, Samantha, who I've been talking to 42 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 4: you about this dissertation for a while now. So I 43 00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:48,959 Speaker 4: also want to give some information about who I am. 44 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,639 Speaker 4: Who is this person speaking with you today. So I 45 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:56,000 Speaker 4: come from both Togo, a beautiful country located in West Africa, 46 00:02:56,440 --> 00:03:00,399 Speaker 4: and the United States. My father is Total Lees and 47 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:06,280 Speaker 4: my mother is from here. Tog is a western country 48 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:10,160 Speaker 4: bordered by Ghana, Benin and Burkina Faso. I lived in 49 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:12,360 Speaker 4: Togo for the first six years of my life, and 50 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:16,240 Speaker 4: after that my family and I relocated to the US 51 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:19,920 Speaker 4: and we continue to visit Togo regularly thereafter, which really 52 00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 4: allowed me to maintain strong cultural and personal ties that 53 00:03:23,639 --> 00:03:27,320 Speaker 4: really continue to inform my work in perspective in public health. 54 00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:32,840 Speaker 4: Living in Togo and visiting regularly has deeply shaped how 55 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:36,600 Speaker 4: I see health, culture and access to care across different settings. 56 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:41,320 Speaker 4: I selected Senegal for my dissertation because of its unique 57 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:45,400 Speaker 4: public health landscape, its regional importance in West Africa, and 58 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:49,080 Speaker 4: the valuable lessons it offers for improving maternal and HIV 59 00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:52,960 Speaker 4: related health outcomes. Senegal is a success story for HIV. 60 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:56,960 Speaker 4: They have a very low prevalence rate under one percent. 61 00:03:57,640 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 4: For those who may not know, Senegal is located on 62 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 4: the western coast of Africa along the Atlantic Ocean, and 63 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:07,160 Speaker 4: it's bordered by Mauritania to the north, Molly to the east, 64 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:10,680 Speaker 4: Guinea and Guinea Bissau to the south. In the Gambia, 65 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:15,240 Speaker 4: which is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal, Senegal plays a 66 00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:18,279 Speaker 4: key role in public health research in the region. I'm 67 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:22,280 Speaker 4: looking forward to this conversation into sharing insights, experiences and 68 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:23,640 Speaker 4: ideas with you all. 69 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:27,000 Speaker 2: And it's such a big topic. I remember when you 70 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,240 Speaker 2: were telling me about your work. I had to kind 71 00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 2: of stop you and look at you real straight, like wait, wait, 72 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,720 Speaker 2: back up, back up. I need to hear more clarification 73 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:39,279 Speaker 2: about your work because it was so amazing, like it's 74 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:44,080 Speaker 2: so needed. But it's very like concentrated you have, which 75 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:46,960 Speaker 2: is probably why you doctor Ebody. You had so much 76 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:50,160 Speaker 2: in this research. You traveled for this research, You've done 77 00:04:50,279 --> 00:04:54,000 Speaker 2: so much data, and you did so much work within 78 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:56,440 Speaker 2: the field that I was like, oh my god, this 79 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:57,200 Speaker 2: is amazing. 80 00:04:57,240 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 3: We have to talk about it. And when you were 81 00:04:59,560 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 3: telling me. 82 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:04,960 Speaker 2: About your research, you sit us like your outline and 83 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:07,000 Speaker 2: so I'm going to read the title here. Make sure 84 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:09,720 Speaker 2: I get this right, okay, doctor Detta, make sure I 85 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:13,960 Speaker 2: am clarifying in the title saying looking at antenatal care 86 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:18,200 Speaker 2: and knowledge of HIV transmission among reproductive age of women 87 00:05:18,279 --> 00:05:19,000 Speaker 2: in Senegal. 88 00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:22,560 Speaker 4: Correct, Yes, that is correct? All right? 89 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,240 Speaker 3: Can you tell us what this is? 90 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 4: Absolutely I'll be happy to share more about my research 91 00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:32,880 Speaker 4: as discussed. I've been engaged in this type of research 92 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:36,960 Speaker 4: for over sixteen years and this work was conducted from 93 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 4: my Doctor of Public Health dissertation at Georgia State University 94 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 4: and it focuses on two closely connected areas INTNADO care 95 00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:49,000 Speaker 4: utilization and knowledge of HIV transmission among women of reproductive 96 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:53,240 Speaker 4: age and Senegal. I'll start with intonado care, often referred 97 00:05:53,279 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 4: to as A and C. An C is incredibly important 98 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:00,160 Speaker 4: because the timing and the number of visits during pregnancy 99 00:06:00,640 --> 00:06:03,839 Speaker 4: can significantly affect the health and well being of both 100 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:07,560 Speaker 4: the mother and the baby. For pregnant women, and C 101 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:11,040 Speaker 4: is the main entry point into the healthcare system. It's 102 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:15,880 Speaker 4: really where they receive medical care, health education, screening, and support, 103 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:20,280 Speaker 4: including services that help prevent mother to child transmission of HIV. 104 00:06:21,279 --> 00:06:24,680 Speaker 4: So the World Health Organization recommends eight or more intonatal 105 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:29,159 Speaker 4: care visits, with the first visit occurring during the first trimester. 106 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 4: Of pregnancy. Research shows that when women receive adequate and 107 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:39,160 Speaker 4: timely AC outcomes improve. These visits help the health providers 108 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:43,400 Speaker 4: identify and treat complications early, and evidence suggests that having 109 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:48,560 Speaker 4: eight or more visits can reduce perinatal mortality. So, really, overall, 110 00:06:49,279 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 4: an C plays a critical role in supporting healthy pregnancies 111 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:56,600 Speaker 4: and healthy births. The second part of my research focuses 112 00:06:56,640 --> 00:07:02,280 Speaker 4: on HIV AIDS awareness and knowledge of HIV transmission. Awareness 113 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 4: of HIV in understanding how it is and is not transmitted. 114 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:11,080 Speaker 4: Both of those are key to prevention. Research consistently shows 115 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:16,080 Speaker 4: that knowledge of HIV transmission pathways influences health behavior, while 116 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 4: limited understanding of HIV prevention contributes to ongoing transmission. In 117 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 4: this study, to measure HIV knowledge, the study used five 118 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 4: key questions that together define what's known as comprehensive knowledges 119 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 4: of HIV. These questions assess whether individuals understand accurate modes 120 00:07:36,760 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 4: of transmission and also can reject common misconceptions. For example, 121 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:48,400 Speaker 4: participants were asked whether consistent condom use can reduce the 122 00:07:48,480 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 4: risk of HIV, whether having one uninfected and faithful partner 123 00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 4: lowest risk, whether HIV can be transmitted through mosquito bites 124 00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 4: or sharing food, and whether a person who looks healthy 125 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 4: can still have hip. As you can see, this research 126 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 4: is robust and there's a deeper dive I can take 127 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 4: into each section, but I will pass it over to 128 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,000 Speaker 4: you and see if you have any other questions. 129 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,280 Speaker 2: For me, I want to back up just real quick, 130 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 2: because you said you've been in this public health bold 131 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:18,440 Speaker 2: for sixteen years and then you jumped into this. 132 00:08:18,680 --> 00:08:20,280 Speaker 3: How did you get into all of this? 133 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:23,880 Speaker 4: That's a great question, and for me, this type of 134 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 4: research is deeply personal. My interest in public health and 135 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:31,560 Speaker 4: global health really began with my lived experiences. Like I 136 00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:33,880 Speaker 4: said earlier, I spent the first six years of my 137 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,920 Speaker 4: life in Togo, and after that my family and I 138 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:40,720 Speaker 4: continue to visit to go regularly, and being immersed in 139 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:43,840 Speaker 4: that environment gave me an early and very real understanding 140 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:47,240 Speaker 4: of health and how health is shaped not only by 141 00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:52,200 Speaker 4: our biology, but by where you live, your resources, your education, 142 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 4: and your access to care. During that time, my family 143 00:08:57,600 --> 00:08:59,640 Speaker 4: experienced a loss of a loved one as we went 144 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:01,559 Speaker 4: back in for if. I think I was about as 145 00:09:01,559 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 4: a teenager at that time, and that moment was pivotal 146 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:08,200 Speaker 4: for me. It raised so many questions. I have questions 147 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:11,680 Speaker 4: about the health system's access to care, prevention, and why 148 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:17,160 Speaker 4: outcomes can look very different depending on the context. This 149 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:21,360 Speaker 4: pushed me to start asking deeper health questions and I 150 00:09:21,400 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 4: started to look beyond like someone's individual behavior and I 151 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:31,200 Speaker 4: took a broader approach to what shades health outcomes. That's 152 00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:34,679 Speaker 4: really when I began to understand and connect the concept 153 00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:39,000 Speaker 4: of the social determinants of health and the social determinants 154 00:09:39,040 --> 00:09:45,439 Speaker 4: of health. It's the idea that there are factors like income, education, culture, 155 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 4: health access, geography, factors like that they really play a 156 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:57,079 Speaker 4: major role in one's health and well being. I personally 157 00:09:57,080 --> 00:10:03,040 Speaker 4: saw fer ashand how these social detail perminents impact my 158 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 4: family's health. During my academic journey at Georgia State, I 159 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 4: knew I wanted to focus on making a difference, and 160 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:16,880 Speaker 4: I particularly wanted to focus on HIV AIDS and I 161 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:21,000 Speaker 4: wanted to emphasize women because I feel like their voices 162 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:27,480 Speaker 4: and experiences are often underrepresented in research. That desire really 163 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:32,319 Speaker 4: led me to study Antennado care utilization and HIV AIDS 164 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:38,240 Speaker 4: awareness and knowledge of HIVH transmission among this population of 165 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:42,120 Speaker 4: women in Senegal. This research really allowed me to explore 166 00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:46,760 Speaker 4: how access to care, knowledge, and structural factors intersect, and 167 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 4: how strengthening systems and education can lead to better health outcomes. Altimately, 168 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 4: this work is about more than data. For me, It's 169 00:10:56,559 --> 00:11:00,800 Speaker 4: about honoring lived experiences, addressing inequities, and contributing to solutions 170 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:04,720 Speaker 4: that are informed by evidence, culture, and compassion. That's what 171 00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 4: continues to motivate me and guide me through my work 172 00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:11,320 Speaker 4: and public health and global health. 173 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:12,480 Speaker 3: That's amazing. 174 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:14,480 Speaker 2: I'm sorry for your loss, but I love that that 175 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:19,559 Speaker 2: grew into a passion. Obviously with you doing such important work, 176 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:23,160 Speaker 2: because when you were talking about how Senegal did have 177 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:26,319 Speaker 2: a successful story, it's obvious that you are looking at 178 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:27,880 Speaker 2: this as a broader picture. 179 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:28,720 Speaker 3: Am I correct? 180 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:31,840 Speaker 4: Absolutely, yes, I definitely am. 181 00:11:32,360 --> 00:11:35,560 Speaker 2: How would that translate into worldwide care? 182 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:38,840 Speaker 4: That's an important question and it's one that I thought 183 00:11:38,880 --> 00:11:42,679 Speaker 4: about a lot while conducting this research. While my research 184 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:47,160 Speaker 4: focuses on Senegal, the issues that examines, which are access 185 00:11:47,200 --> 00:11:51,440 Speaker 4: to INSINATO care and knowledge is HIV transmission. There are 186 00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:56,360 Speaker 4: global challenges and they're not limited to a single country. Really, like, 187 00:11:56,400 --> 00:11:59,760 Speaker 4: at its core value, this research highlights how early adequate 188 00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:03,320 Speaker 4: and in tonato care can serve as a powerful entry 189 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:07,560 Speaker 4: point and so health care system for women everywhere around 190 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 4: the world. INTNATO care is often where women first receive 191 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:16,520 Speaker 4: health education, screening, and preventing services. The patterns we see 192 00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:19,440 Speaker 4: in Senegal, such as the impact of the timing and 193 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:23,640 Speaker 4: frequency of visits and access barriers, they mirror what we 194 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:30,040 Speaker 4: see in many low to middle income settings. These fightings 195 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 4: they reinforce the idea that strengthening maternal health systems has 196 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 4: ripple effects far beyond pregnancy alone, and for the HIV 197 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:44,920 Speaker 4: component of the research, this also translates globally. Knowledge of 198 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:49,480 Speaker 4: HIV transmission and the ability to reject common misconceptions is 199 00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:53,800 Speaker 4: a key driver of health behavior everywhere. Whether it's in Senegal, 200 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 4: whether it's in other countries in West Africa or elsewhere 201 00:12:57,400 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 4: in the world, misinformation can increase, while accurate knowledge empowers 202 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:06,120 Speaker 4: people to protect themselves and their families. Senegal success in 203 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,079 Speaker 4: HIV prevention offers lessons that can be adapted globally, particularly 204 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:14,760 Speaker 4: around integrating education into routine health services like Intinado care. 205 00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:20,000 Speaker 4: Also another way this research translates worldwide is it's focused 206 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:23,360 Speaker 4: on the social determinants of health, so we know these 207 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 4: are factors such as education, social economic status, geography, and 208 00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 4: health systems access. All of these influenced outcomes no matter 209 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:37,720 Speaker 4: where you resign. When we are identifying how these determinant 210 00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:42,280 Speaker 4: shape intenado care use, and HIV knowledge and senegal the 211 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:49,959 Speaker 4: research really provides a framework that policymakers, practitioners, public health specialists, researchers, 212 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,880 Speaker 4: and other stakeholders how they can apply these in the 213 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 4: context to identify gaps and design more equitable interventions. Over All, 214 00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:03,800 Speaker 4: this research shows that I'm improving maternal health and HIV 215 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,800 Speaker 4: outcomes isn't just about individuals choices, It's about systems. When 216 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:11,800 Speaker 4: health systems are accessible, culturally responsive and grounded and evidence 217 00:14:12,080 --> 00:14:15,119 Speaker 4: they can support healthier outcomes for women and families everywhere. 218 00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: Yes, and it really is a lot to consider when 219 00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:25,040 Speaker 1: you're looking at different populations and communities, and I imagine 220 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:27,600 Speaker 1: that that can take a while to consider all of 221 00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:30,600 Speaker 1: those things. How long have you been doing this research? 222 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:37,320 Speaker 4: So I started the research in twenty twenty three and 223 00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:40,320 Speaker 4: I completed it in twenty twenty five, so a little 224 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:41,120 Speaker 4: over two years. 225 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 1: Let's not do bad comfort a lot of ground in 226 00:14:44,080 --> 00:14:45,400 Speaker 1: two years. 227 00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:48,760 Speaker 2: I mean, that's still a lot of work obviously, because 228 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:51,400 Speaker 2: I know when I was talking to you throughout the process, 229 00:14:51,440 --> 00:14:52,800 Speaker 2: You're like, I have to redo this, I have to 230 00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,160 Speaker 2: revamp this, I have to redo this, Like I don't 231 00:14:55,240 --> 00:14:56,800 Speaker 2: like every weekend was like, oh my god, I have 232 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:58,920 Speaker 2: to stay up to do this and this. So I 233 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 2: already know the amount of work that you had to 234 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:04,360 Speaker 2: put in there, but still you are fast tracking in 235 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:08,960 Speaker 2: your own like getting it out there, which is impressive. 236 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:11,720 Speaker 2: Which is so impressive when you look at the scale 237 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:14,240 Speaker 2: of work, and you kind of already talked about some 238 00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:17,840 Speaker 2: of this. But let's talk about with your dissertation being presented, 239 00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 2: was there a result of this research. 240 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:23,880 Speaker 4: Of course, I'm more than happy to discuss that with 241 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:27,120 Speaker 4: you quickly. I would like to rewind and discuss the 242 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 4: objectives and clearly state what each objective is. So I 243 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:35,560 Speaker 4: had three research objectives. The objective for the first piece 244 00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:40,000 Speaker 4: is to look at Incinato care intensity. This was looking 245 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:44,239 Speaker 4: at the number of times a woman receives her Intonado 246 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,400 Speaker 4: care visits and we're looking for eight or more. As 247 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:50,360 Speaker 4: you recall, the World Health Organization recommends that women receive 248 00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:54,160 Speaker 4: eight or more visits. The second objective is also related 249 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:56,840 Speaker 4: to Intonato care and we're looking at the timing of 250 00:15:56,880 --> 00:16:01,000 Speaker 4: the first visit. You also recall that I'm mentioned earlier 251 00:16:01,120 --> 00:16:04,560 Speaker 4: that the World Health Organization recommends that the first visit 252 00:16:04,560 --> 00:16:09,320 Speaker 4: occur within the first trimester of pregnancy. The third objective 253 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:14,119 Speaker 4: is for HIV AIDS awareness and knowledge of HIV prevention. 254 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:19,760 Speaker 4: This was assessed by asking respondents questions such as, have 255 00:16:19,880 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 4: you ever heard of HIV or AIDS? Can people reduce 256 00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:26,960 Speaker 4: their chance of getting HIV by using a condom every 257 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:30,120 Speaker 4: time they have sex? HIV is a virus that can 258 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:32,400 Speaker 4: lead to AIDS. Can people reduce their chance of getting 259 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:36,120 Speaker 4: HIV by having just one unaffected sex partner who has 260 00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:40,120 Speaker 4: no other sex partners? Can people get HIV from mosquito bites? 261 00:16:40,240 --> 00:16:42,800 Speaker 4: Can people get HIV by sharing food with a person 262 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 4: who has HIV? Is it possible for a healthy looking 263 00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 4: person to have HIV? So these types of questions were 264 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:56,000 Speaker 4: asked and responses determine one's level of knowledge of HIV 265 00:16:56,120 --> 00:17:00,480 Speaker 4: transmission and one's awareness of HIV AIDS. So this brings 266 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:05,400 Speaker 4: me to your initial question discussion of my results. When 267 00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:07,840 Speaker 4: I analyzed the results, one of my main goals was 268 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:11,320 Speaker 4: to understand which factors were meaningfully associated with intinnatal care 269 00:17:11,440 --> 00:17:15,600 Speaker 4: use and knowledge of HIV transmission. In other words, which 270 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:21,479 Speaker 4: relationships were statistically significant and not happening by chance. Starting 271 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:25,399 Speaker 4: with INTONADO care. The results showed some important patterns. I 272 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:29,000 Speaker 4: will highlight a couple of them. It showed that women 273 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,800 Speaker 4: with higher education, greater wealth, and women who were employed 274 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:37,280 Speaker 4: within the previous year were significantly more likely to attend 275 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 4: eight or more visits, and these factors stood out even 276 00:17:41,320 --> 00:17:44,600 Speaker 4: when other variables were taken into account. We know that 277 00:17:44,760 --> 00:17:47,800 Speaker 4: education plays a key role in early access to care. 278 00:17:48,359 --> 00:17:51,240 Speaker 4: Women who were more educated and women whose husbands or 279 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:54,359 Speaker 4: partners at higher levels of education were more likely to 280 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:58,840 Speaker 4: begin INTNATO care in their first trimester, which is crucial. 281 00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:03,480 Speaker 4: It's really critical for identifying and managing potential complications early 282 00:18:03,560 --> 00:18:06,800 Speaker 4: in pregnancy. I also look closely at knowledge of HIV 283 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:10,800 Speaker 4: transmission and awareness of HIV AIDS, because awareness and accurate 284 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:15,800 Speaker 4: information are both essential to prevention. Across nearly all measures 285 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:22,119 Speaker 4: of HIV knowledge, education and wealth consistently mattered. For example, 286 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,880 Speaker 4: women who were more educated, wealthier, literate, and implored had 287 00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:29,679 Speaker 4: higher odds of knowing that consistent condom use reduces the 288 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:33,600 Speaker 4: risk of HIV transmission. When I focus specifically on women 289 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,880 Speaker 4: who had recently given birth, younger age, along with education, wealth, 290 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:41,240 Speaker 4: and employment was also associated with the higher levels of 291 00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:44,880 Speaker 4: this knowledge. I saw similar patterns emerging when I looked 292 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:49,000 Speaker 4: at knowledge related to having one uninfected sexual partner as 293 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:54,040 Speaker 4: a way to reduce HIV risks among all women. Increased education, wealth, 294 00:18:54,080 --> 00:18:58,040 Speaker 4: and employment were linked to better understanding of HIV transmission 295 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:03,280 Speaker 4: women with recent births, those who were younger, more educated, 296 00:19:03,320 --> 00:19:07,960 Speaker 4: and wealthier had higher odds of this knowledge. So overall, 297 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:11,639 Speaker 4: we see patterns that really show us that social determinants 298 00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:19,320 Speaker 4: of health, social demographic factors, they all impact health knowledge wellbeing. 299 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:23,680 Speaker 4: So what does this all mean? The takeaway I would 300 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:27,280 Speaker 4: say is social and economic factors matter, and they matter 301 00:19:27,359 --> 00:19:32,480 Speaker 4: a lot. Access to education, financial stability, and employment consistently 302 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:36,199 Speaker 4: shape both the use of INTNADO care and knowledge of 303 00:19:36,359 --> 00:19:41,520 Speaker 4: HIV prevention. From a public health perspective, this tells us 304 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:46,560 Speaker 4: that increasing intonado care utilization requires intentional and strategic efforts 305 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:50,680 Speaker 4: that address the needs of the most disadvantaged populations, particularly 306 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 4: across access, availability, and timing of services. It also shows 307 00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:00,440 Speaker 4: that improving HIV awareness isn't just about delivering it information 308 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:04,640 Speaker 4: but about addressing the broader social determinants of health, all 309 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:09,280 Speaker 4: while respecting the cultural contexts. Ultimately, when intinad O care 310 00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:15,800 Speaker 4: and HIV education are both accessible, timely and culturally responsive, 311 00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:19,080 Speaker 4: they become powerful tools for improving health outcomes, not just 312 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:22,240 Speaker 4: for women but for their families and communities as a whole. 313 00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:27,000 Speaker 2: That's really interesting, Like the overall conversations that we've had 314 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:29,520 Speaker 2: and we're still having even in the United States, is 315 00:20:29,960 --> 00:20:35,199 Speaker 2: that comprehensive sexual and reproductive education really can make a 316 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:39,760 Speaker 2: giant difference if allowed. And this is like obvious in 317 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:42,359 Speaker 2: every other country, but yet even here in the US, 318 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:43,640 Speaker 2: we don't acknowledge that. 319 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 3: I say we broadly, we'll leave it to that. 320 00:21:00,800 --> 00:21:03,800 Speaker 1: Well, one thing we love to do when we have 321 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:08,840 Speaker 1: people who have such expertise on the show is kind 322 00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:12,639 Speaker 1: of get a peek behind the curtains and get a 323 00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:17,440 Speaker 1: better understanding of the process and kind of the personal 324 00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:20,920 Speaker 1: aspect of the process. So for you, can you tell 325 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:24,840 Speaker 1: us what your experience was doing this research. 326 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 4: I found this research to be incredibly rewarding, and I 327 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:32,359 Speaker 4: was especially impressed by Senegal's ability to use data to 328 00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:38,199 Speaker 4: guide HIV prevention efforts, specifically by them focusing resources on 329 00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:44,720 Speaker 4: key populations. These are populations at higher risks of acquiring HIV. 330 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:49,400 Speaker 4: So key populations are disproportionately affected by HIV and they 331 00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:54,000 Speaker 4: play a critical role in reducing transmission. Overall, research shows 332 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:58,439 Speaker 4: that when HIV prevention efforts successively reach these populations, HIV 333 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:02,080 Speaker 4: rates decline only within those groups, but also in the 334 00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:06,440 Speaker 4: general population. In Senegal, some key populations include men who 335 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:09,280 Speaker 4: have sex with men, female sex workers, and people who 336 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:13,000 Speaker 4: inject drugs. These groups carry a higher burden of HIV, 337 00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:18,200 Speaker 4: but they also face significant barriers to prevention and care stigma, discrimination, 338 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:23,560 Speaker 4: and in some cases criminalization. In Senegal, sex work is 339 00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:28,119 Speaker 4: legal and regulated. On the other hand, same sex relationships 340 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:33,400 Speaker 4: are criminalized, and that difference has real public health consequences. 341 00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:39,359 Speaker 4: The criminalization of same sex relationships can really create barriers 342 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:43,200 Speaker 4: to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men, 343 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 4: and there are a population that carries a disproportionately high 344 00:22:47,359 --> 00:22:54,320 Speaker 4: burden of HIV in Senegal. Discriminalization it can feel stigma, fear, 345 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:57,119 Speaker 4: and it discourages people from seeking care, and it limits 346 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:01,760 Speaker 4: access to testing, treatment and prevention services even when targeted 347 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:08,280 Speaker 4: HIV programs exists. So overall, this entire process was very rewarding. 348 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:11,879 Speaker 4: I learned a lot and it made me want to 349 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:17,360 Speaker 4: explore topics more, one being sex work being legal and senegal, 350 00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:22,600 Speaker 4: another being the criminalization of same sex relationships. 351 00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 2: Right in your time of research, did you have anything 352 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:28,720 Speaker 2: that you would consider like roadblocks or difficulties as you 353 00:23:28,800 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 2: were going through this process. 354 00:23:31,119 --> 00:23:33,720 Speaker 4: I would definitely say that anyone that says they did 355 00:23:33,760 --> 00:23:36,679 Speaker 4: not have any roadblocks while they worked on their dissertation, 356 00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:40,760 Speaker 4: I am ready to present them with an award. The 357 00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:43,920 Speaker 4: answer is yes, I did have roadblocks. I would say 358 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:47,959 Speaker 4: one of my biggest roadblocks was trying to stick to 359 00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:53,640 Speaker 4: a topic and not trying to expand it so much 360 00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:58,280 Speaker 4: that it ends up being more than one dissertation. What 361 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:01,800 Speaker 4: I'm trying to say is, like I mentioned earlier, my 362 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:06,440 Speaker 4: dissertation is really three different papers and one. There were 363 00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:09,600 Speaker 4: points in my study where I wanted to continue adding 364 00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:14,360 Speaker 4: various topics. As I researched more and gain an interest 365 00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,359 Speaker 4: for more, I wanted to add topics. So when I 366 00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:23,200 Speaker 4: learned about the criminalization of same sex relationships, I wanted 367 00:24:23,240 --> 00:24:27,440 Speaker 4: to discuss that and really take a deeper dive into 368 00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:33,439 Speaker 4: how that impacts the HIV landscape in Senegal, so I 369 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:36,199 Speaker 4: did discuss it in my dissertation. However, I didn't make 370 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:40,480 Speaker 4: it a completely separate topic. I also wanted to discuss 371 00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:44,440 Speaker 4: sex work and how sex work is legalized and this 372 00:24:44,600 --> 00:24:50,119 Speaker 4: impact on the HIV landscape and how it facilitates with 373 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:56,399 Speaker 4: first of all, treating HIV amongst a population that is 374 00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 4: a key population in the country, and how it all 375 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:07,080 Speaker 4: soul support with the population overall. So there was a 376 00:25:07,119 --> 00:25:09,399 Speaker 4: lot that I found that I wanted to take a 377 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:13,639 Speaker 4: deeper dive in. However, I have a great committee I have. 378 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,120 Speaker 4: I had a committee of three people, and I had 379 00:25:17,160 --> 00:25:20,679 Speaker 4: a wonderful cheer as well. Everybody was supportive, and my 380 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,760 Speaker 4: chair really allowed me to see that the dissertation is 381 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,240 Speaker 4: not the end of the road. It's just the beginning. 382 00:25:26,520 --> 00:25:29,280 Speaker 4: So there's a lot more that I can write on. 383 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:32,800 Speaker 4: Even after submitting the dissertation, there's more than I can publish. 384 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:36,400 Speaker 4: There's more that will be done. This is only the beginning, 385 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:39,680 Speaker 4: and you know, I really wanted to do other topics, 386 00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:42,320 Speaker 4: but I just did not have the time. I would 387 00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:45,040 Speaker 4: be working on this dissertation for like ten years if 388 00:25:45,080 --> 00:25:47,360 Speaker 4: I wanted to cover the entire ground. I wanted to cover, 389 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:50,800 Speaker 4: there was just not enough time. The chair of my 390 00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:53,840 Speaker 4: dissertation committee, so this is the person that leads a 391 00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:59,080 Speaker 4: dissertation committee. The committee had three people, all very supportive 392 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:03,560 Speaker 4: throughout the entire process. So my chair did a really 393 00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:08,240 Speaker 4: good job at also keeping me focused and reminding me 394 00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:12,040 Speaker 4: that I should try to tailor my dissertation to specific 395 00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:15,440 Speaker 4: topics and try to keep it together because expanding too 396 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:20,880 Speaker 4: much can really take my dissertation to a whole nother level, 397 00:26:21,119 --> 00:26:25,320 Speaker 4: and that wasn't necessary. Furthermore, it will take more time, 398 00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:27,879 Speaker 4: like I discussed earlier, and there just was not enough time. 399 00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:32,879 Speaker 4: I will continue need you to focus exactly we needed to, 400 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:36,600 Speaker 4: And he even said we can publish later. We can 401 00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:40,320 Speaker 4: publish later on various topics, but for this specific dissertation, 402 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:42,879 Speaker 4: let's focus. And I that was a great idea. 403 00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:45,919 Speaker 2: Well, obviously you kind of already mentioned something that you 404 00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:49,000 Speaker 2: wanted to expand with. Is there other things, like have 405 00:26:49,119 --> 00:26:51,920 Speaker 2: you already kind of started an outline. 406 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:54,040 Speaker 3: Of like this is the next step for this research. 407 00:26:56,280 --> 00:26:59,920 Speaker 4: I haven't started an outline of next steps per se. However, 408 00:27:00,680 --> 00:27:05,360 Speaker 4: I do have like there's a section where I talk 409 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:10,280 Speaker 4: about what other studies can go into and that could 410 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:13,720 Speaker 4: be either for me or for the next researcher, and 411 00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:16,960 Speaker 4: talked about how I looked at the number of anti 412 00:27:17,040 --> 00:27:21,160 Speaker 4: natocare visits that women received, and the World Health Organization 413 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:25,359 Speaker 4: recommendation is eight or more. So I didn't look into 414 00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:29,520 Speaker 4: what services that were actually received during each visit. So 415 00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:33,080 Speaker 4: I know, let's say someone received eight visits, that's great, 416 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:37,399 Speaker 4: but what services did this person actually received during the 417 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:41,199 Speaker 4: eight visits and were those the services that were needed 418 00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,720 Speaker 4: or was something missing? So I think there are other 419 00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:48,280 Speaker 4: sections I can dive into an addition to what I've 420 00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:50,000 Speaker 4: already done. 421 00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:52,400 Speaker 2: In addition, like you're not you haven't done a giant 422 00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:53,440 Speaker 2: amount of work already. 423 00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:54,000 Speaker 3: I love that. 424 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:56,800 Speaker 2: I was just asking because you seem to have already 425 00:27:56,880 --> 00:28:00,359 Speaker 2: like an idea of where it was all Going back 426 00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:03,560 Speaker 2: with the research, is that something that surprised you doing 427 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:05,800 Speaker 2: your research or something that you discovered that you didn't 428 00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:07,879 Speaker 2: know outside of you. I know you talked about the 429 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:09,720 Speaker 2: same sex and what was legal and what wasn't legal. 430 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:14,200 Speaker 4: Yes, outside of that, I'm trying to think what else 431 00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:19,400 Speaker 4: surprised me. I think those two would be the big pieces. Yes, 432 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,800 Speaker 4: as far as what surprised me, But I will say, 433 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:27,960 Speaker 4: although this was not surprising, I did unexpectedly find out 434 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,479 Speaker 4: more about like their HIV AIDS communications because that was 435 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:37,440 Speaker 4: I was wondering how they're communicating to the general population 436 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:41,440 Speaker 4: about HIV AIDS, and doing that, I really went into 437 00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:45,040 Speaker 4: a rabbit hole and almost wanted to write another paper 438 00:28:45,080 --> 00:28:49,360 Speaker 4: on this, but of course I didn't. Yes, But doing that, 439 00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:52,600 Speaker 4: I learned like they have a very very strong way 440 00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:57,360 Speaker 4: of communicating to the public. It's done in schools, it's 441 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:05,200 Speaker 4: done within religious institutions. The Ministry of Health even works 442 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:10,280 Speaker 4: with religious leaders to educate them about HIVAS and ask 443 00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:14,520 Speaker 4: them to educate their people. It's like a community effort. 444 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:17,800 Speaker 4: I thought that was interesting that they're actually working really 445 00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:20,800 Speaker 4: well with the community for this education. 446 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 1: So you've kind of touched on this already, and I 447 00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:29,880 Speaker 1: think that you know, hopefully there's a lot of reasons 448 00:29:29,920 --> 00:29:34,720 Speaker 1: why this is obvious to people, But can you tell 449 00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:37,680 Speaker 1: us why this type of research is so important for 450 00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:40,240 Speaker 1: the health of women and pregnant people internationally? 451 00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:48,320 Speaker 4: Absolutely, I think that this is super important because if 452 00:29:48,360 --> 00:29:52,280 Speaker 4: we want to know how to keep someone healthy, so 453 00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:54,880 Speaker 4: I'm focusing on antenato care, if we want to know 454 00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:57,520 Speaker 4: how to keep someone healthy. How to keep women healthy 455 00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:01,680 Speaker 4: while they are bringing into the world a new life. 456 00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:06,200 Speaker 4: We really need to understand how that can happen. So 457 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:10,680 Speaker 4: we already know that anti natal care is important. Research 458 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:13,840 Speaker 4: has showed it. We know that. We know that having 459 00:30:13,880 --> 00:30:16,360 Speaker 4: eight or more visits is critical, having the visit being 460 00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:19,160 Speaker 4: in the first trimester is critical. So we know all that. 461 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:23,160 Speaker 4: Now the question is, well, why isn't this happening. It's 462 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:26,960 Speaker 4: more than just oh, the person doesn't can't afford it. 463 00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:29,680 Speaker 4: Access is more than just being able to afford something. 464 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 4: There can be systems in place where actually the government 465 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 4: provides provides these services for you. And that's something I 466 00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:42,520 Speaker 4: didn't mention that Senegal has a great way of providing 467 00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:48,560 Speaker 4: important antenatal care services to women, which is very important 468 00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:51,640 Speaker 4: because it increases access. So I think this is important 469 00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:56,000 Speaker 4: to know what's working and what's not working, and it 470 00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,280 Speaker 4: really helps keeping people healthy. And that's the goal. 471 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:02,880 Speaker 3: How do we keep people healthy right? 472 00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:06,440 Speaker 2: And that is caring for both the mother and the infant, 473 00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:11,360 Speaker 2: like understanding the bigger picture and education and making sure 474 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:15,760 Speaker 2: that people have access to information, which is such a 475 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:17,120 Speaker 2: huge part of. 476 00:31:17,080 --> 00:31:18,040 Speaker 3: Any type of healthcare. 477 00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:21,080 Speaker 2: And with that, I feel like we have to talk 478 00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:24,280 Speaker 2: about the fact that we often see women and especially 479 00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:28,520 Speaker 2: women of color, being left out of important research like this, 480 00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:34,000 Speaker 2: And obviously y'all tapped in and making sure that we 481 00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:36,760 Speaker 2: did see some bigger picture and better research in this. 482 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:41,000 Speaker 2: In your experience with people like you, have you seen 483 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:45,600 Speaker 2: that change where we're actually including marginalized people into this conversation. 484 00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:50,440 Speaker 4: So for the type of work I do, we do 485 00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:55,640 Speaker 4: include marginalized populations. For the type of research that this was, 486 00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:01,120 Speaker 4: they use us like they use the sensus to really 487 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:05,960 Speaker 4: understand the different populations, the different regions and make sure 488 00:32:06,040 --> 00:32:10,200 Speaker 4: that the survey was representative of the entire country. So 489 00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:15,120 Speaker 4: for this specific study, Yes, speaking of other studies, I 490 00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:17,400 Speaker 4: can't really speak on that behalf. But what I can 491 00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:22,640 Speaker 4: say just in general for women, especially black women for 492 00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:25,960 Speaker 4: those who don't know, I'm a black woman, So especially 493 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:30,200 Speaker 4: for black women, there have been many times where like 494 00:32:30,280 --> 00:32:36,560 Speaker 4: the implementation of research, often it left us out, Like 495 00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:41,440 Speaker 4: we have often been underrepresented in clinical and scientific studies. 496 00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:45,600 Speaker 4: That's due to like multiple factors, but strecchal inequities is 497 00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:51,720 Speaker 4: one and we're just excluded and this this is harmful 498 00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:55,480 Speaker 4: to our health and well being. You can't generalize findings, 499 00:32:55,560 --> 00:32:56,560 Speaker 4: research findings. 500 00:32:56,600 --> 00:33:09,040 Speaker 5: If you're missing key people for these studies. 501 00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:14,160 Speaker 2: You've been in this field for sixteen years. Do you 502 00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:16,640 Speaker 2: feel like it's changed at all since the beginning? 503 00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:19,040 Speaker 4: That is a good question. 504 00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:21,520 Speaker 3: Yes, that's a big question. 505 00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:26,400 Speaker 6: It is a huge question. Do I feel that it 506 00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:33,160 Speaker 6: has changed. I think there's constant change in this field opening. 507 00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:37,440 Speaker 4: Whether we're talking about numbers, whether we're talking about like 508 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:41,800 Speaker 4: the incidents, which is like new cases of HIV for instance, 509 00:33:41,880 --> 00:33:47,120 Speaker 4: or the prevalence, like the overall numbers. The prevalence, depending 510 00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:51,960 Speaker 4: on the region, is either increasing or decreasing. And I 511 00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:55,360 Speaker 4: wanted to mention that for incidents as well, it really 512 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:59,360 Speaker 4: depends on the region. For instance, we see in the 513 00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:02,920 Speaker 4: Global Nor for the United States, for instance, we've seen 514 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:06,680 Speaker 4: a lot of improvements. However, there's certain areas where we 515 00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:10,520 Speaker 4: are still having challenges. Atlanta, where we reside, is one area, 516 00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:14,319 Speaker 4: and we also see the same in the Global South, 517 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:18,040 Speaker 4: and specifically if I'm focusing on Sub Saharan Africa, we 518 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:23,600 Speaker 4: do have populations that in various countries that are still 519 00:34:23,600 --> 00:34:27,480 Speaker 4: having challenges. For instance, I talked about key populations. These 520 00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:30,320 Speaker 4: are like the sex workers, men who have sex with men, 521 00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:35,480 Speaker 4: and other people who inject drugs, and other key populations 522 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:39,960 Speaker 4: that are disproportionately impacted by HIV, so we do see 523 00:34:40,080 --> 00:34:44,680 Speaker 4: improvements in some regions. In some regions we've seen improvements 524 00:34:44,719 --> 00:34:50,480 Speaker 4: and then we've seen a reversal as well. Globally, however, 525 00:34:50,560 --> 00:34:53,840 Speaker 4: we've made a remarkable and measurable progress in the fight 526 00:34:54,320 --> 00:35:00,560 Speaker 4: against HIV, but challenges still remain. Over the past few decades, AIDS, 527 00:35:01,239 --> 00:35:06,440 Speaker 4: we've seen new HIV infection, so the end CHIV incidents 528 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:11,600 Speaker 4: and age related deaths have dropped drastically. We can attribute 529 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:16,360 Speaker 4: a lot of these successes to expanded access to testing, treatment, 530 00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:22,279 Speaker 4: and life saving antiretroviral treatment. According to UNA's and the 531 00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:27,160 Speaker 4: World Health Organization, new infections have really declined more than 532 00:35:27,480 --> 00:35:33,680 Speaker 4: half since the peak of HIV in the mid nineteen nineties, 533 00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:39,520 Speaker 4: and AIDS related deaths have also fallen to about seventy percent. 534 00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:42,600 Speaker 4: They've fallen about seventy percent since the early two thousands. 535 00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:46,920 Speaker 4: I mentioned this earlier, but one of the critical pieces 536 00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:54,040 Speaker 4: to this is prevention and treatment anti retroviral therapy. It's 537 00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:57,400 Speaker 4: really has changed the game and transformed HIV from a 538 00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:02,560 Speaker 4: fatal disease into a more manageable chronic condition, and there 539 00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:06,440 Speaker 4: are tens of millions of people around the world today 540 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:10,920 Speaker 4: on treatment and that allows them to live long, healthy lives. 541 00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:16,080 Speaker 4: And the treatment actually suppresses the virus, it prevents transmission. 542 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:21,400 Speaker 4: So there's a concept called you equals you. It's undetectable untransmittable. 543 00:36:21,560 --> 00:36:25,920 Speaker 4: So for people that are on treatment and the treatment 544 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:32,040 Speaker 4: works effectively for them and they take the medication as prescribed, 545 00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:37,360 Speaker 4: they can become undetectable. This means that their viral load 546 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:40,480 Speaker 4: and their body is so low that it is undetectable. 547 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:43,600 Speaker 4: So what I'm really trying to say is overall, we 548 00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:49,200 Speaker 4: have seen progress because of data driven and targeted approaches 549 00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:53,680 Speaker 4: that focus prevention and care efforts on populations at hy risk. 550 00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:57,719 Speaker 4: We call these the key populations, and we see that 551 00:36:57,880 --> 00:37:04,400 Speaker 4: when we combine strong health systems, community engagement, HIV outcomes, 552 00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:08,320 Speaker 4: and we really focus to improve the health and wellbeing 553 00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:15,319 Speaker 4: of people through the entire population. This works because if 554 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:22,680 Speaker 4: you focus on improving one's health, it really helps improve 555 00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:25,279 Speaker 4: the health of everyone. We talked about this briefly with 556 00:37:25,360 --> 00:37:31,040 Speaker 4: sex workers, legalizing sex work and preventing HIV and providing 557 00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:35,839 Speaker 4: treatment for people in with HIV, engage in sex work 558 00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:42,080 Speaker 4: that really protects the entire community. So we've seen progress overall, 559 00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:46,680 Speaker 4: but it's not the same progress all over. There are 560 00:37:46,719 --> 00:37:49,000 Speaker 4: gaps that still remain. Some of the gaps are due 561 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:52,720 Speaker 4: to stigma and legal barriers and funding challenges, and these 562 00:37:52,840 --> 00:37:59,160 Speaker 4: definitely impact women, young people, and key populations overall. What 563 00:37:59,239 --> 00:38:03,680 Speaker 4: we know is is that when science pausing equity comes together, 564 00:38:04,320 --> 00:38:07,640 Speaker 4: progress has been made and that's really an important lesson 565 00:38:07,680 --> 00:38:09,120 Speaker 4: for public health going forward. 566 00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:14,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, I know in Florida they have made it a 567 00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:17,120 Speaker 2: little more difficult for those who have been going through 568 00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:21,440 Speaker 2: treatment HIV and age treatment to getting their medication because 569 00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:23,879 Speaker 2: of the new administration and things that are happening, which 570 00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:27,040 Speaker 2: is really unfortunate. You like, for a minute, it feels 571 00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:29,120 Speaker 2: like everything was okay and we were like, oh, we're 572 00:38:29,160 --> 00:38:32,960 Speaker 2: getting better, we're acknowledging, we're normalizing treatment, we're having a conversation. 573 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:35,320 Speaker 2: All of a sudden we have all like a rollback, 574 00:38:35,360 --> 00:38:39,040 Speaker 2: and you're like, oh no, we got to figure out 575 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:39,359 Speaker 2: this out. 576 00:38:39,360 --> 00:38:40,520 Speaker 3: We got to keep talking about it. 577 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:42,799 Speaker 2: We got to keep making this conversation, which is why 578 00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:46,560 Speaker 2: work like yours is so important. And seeing countries like 579 00:38:47,080 --> 00:38:50,600 Speaker 2: Senegal being able to be a light and be like, Hey, 580 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,800 Speaker 2: we can do this if we just keep on track. 581 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:59,840 Speaker 4: So this is an interesting topic and I am not 582 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:06,000 Speaker 4: like the policy expert for US policies for HIV. However, 583 00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:14,720 Speaker 4: this topic is very important and from the basic imbond 584 00:39:14,800 --> 00:39:18,839 Speaker 4: of information that I know, I did learn about that. 585 00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:23,680 Speaker 4: I did learn how Florida has restricted access to their 586 00:39:23,680 --> 00:39:29,360 Speaker 4: Age Drug Assistance Program ADAP and they've changed eligibility requirements, 587 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:35,040 Speaker 4: and they've also removed big TARV from the coverage, and 588 00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:37,440 Speaker 4: there are other changes that were made which are very 589 00:39:37,480 --> 00:39:40,440 Speaker 4: concerning to me because it limits access to life saving 590 00:39:40,719 --> 00:39:47,520 Speaker 4: drugs and this is needed for HIV prevention and treatment. 591 00:39:48,239 --> 00:39:52,799 Speaker 4: So this type of decision impacts the lives and the 592 00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:56,080 Speaker 4: well being of people living with HIV. I feel like 593 00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:59,880 Speaker 4: this change really shows us how policy and funding this 594 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:05,280 Speaker 4: decisions can quickly disrupt and interrupt access to life saving 595 00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:08,880 Speaker 4: HIV treatment in a high income setting. 596 00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:11,880 Speaker 3: It's a lot fun fact. 597 00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:16,439 Speaker 2: I found out that the Asian people's my people's I 598 00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:18,759 Speaker 2: am missing an enzyme that causes me to turn very 599 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:22,319 Speaker 2: bright red sometimes with alcohol, to the point that looks 600 00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:24,200 Speaker 2: like I'm not having an allergic reaction. I found out 601 00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:27,520 Speaker 2: that that actually affects a lot of the medications that 602 00:40:27,719 --> 00:40:29,959 Speaker 2: we are prescribed, and a lot of. 603 00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:31,120 Speaker 3: Doctors don't know that. 604 00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:34,080 Speaker 2: This is going back to like the marginalized people who 605 00:40:34,160 --> 00:40:38,040 Speaker 2: were like not noted being part of the research. They 606 00:40:38,080 --> 00:40:40,239 Speaker 2: really just like slapped on to be like white people 607 00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:43,360 Speaker 2: can do this, so everybody else like this. And I 608 00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:46,160 Speaker 2: found out, I'm like, oh, really, I did not. Really, 609 00:40:46,239 --> 00:40:49,960 Speaker 2: you're not supposed to have certain medications like heart blood 610 00:40:49,960 --> 00:40:53,280 Speaker 2: pressure medications, like it's not effective from Asian some Asian 611 00:40:53,320 --> 00:40:55,720 Speaker 2: people because of the enzymes. And I was like, well, damn, 612 00:40:57,520 --> 00:40:59,080 Speaker 2: why didn't I know about this earlier. 613 00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:00,320 Speaker 3: I'm into that. 614 00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:04,920 Speaker 4: Absolutely, any Absolutely, I think it's important. 615 00:41:04,640 --> 00:41:05,600 Speaker 3: To put myself in here. 616 00:41:05,920 --> 00:41:08,319 Speaker 4: No, No, you're completely right. I think it's important to 617 00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,120 Speaker 4: That's why we need to be included in the relevant 618 00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:13,279 Speaker 4: research studies. That's all important. 619 00:41:13,360 --> 00:41:17,360 Speaker 2: Yes, come on, come on what you're doing and we 620 00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:20,440 Speaker 2: are very very grateful for obviously. 621 00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:21,800 Speaker 4: Thank you. 622 00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:27,400 Speaker 1: So you've talked about some of the future ideas you 623 00:41:27,480 --> 00:41:30,359 Speaker 1: have of what you're going to do, But what is 624 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:34,120 Speaker 1: what is your hope for the future with this type 625 00:41:34,120 --> 00:41:35,200 Speaker 1: of work that you're doing. 626 00:41:37,719 --> 00:41:42,600 Speaker 4: Yes, So, what I would really like to see come 627 00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:47,160 Speaker 4: out of this I want to see more cross sector 628 00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:52,680 Speaker 4: approaches to improving the health and wellbeing of populations. So 629 00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:58,440 Speaker 4: when I say cross sector, I'm talking about different different agencies, 630 00:41:58,480 --> 00:42:02,560 Speaker 4: different groups working together. So the religious leaders, the ministries 631 00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:08,120 Speaker 4: of health, the education departments, all of these, even transportation, 632 00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:12,600 Speaker 4: transportation is critical to accessing healthcare. The medical professionals, the 633 00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:15,359 Speaker 4: public health people, all of us sitting at the round 634 00:42:15,440 --> 00:42:19,080 Speaker 4: table and discussing this together and seeing how we can 635 00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:23,560 Speaker 4: combat all and this isn't just HIV, how we can 636 00:42:23,560 --> 00:42:27,000 Speaker 4: combat any illness, any disease, how we can help people 637 00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:31,920 Speaker 4: live happy and healthy lives. I feel like even in 638 00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:38,560 Speaker 4: creating policies, we should be considering there's a concept called 639 00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:43,440 Speaker 4: health in all policies, and this health and all policies 640 00:42:43,480 --> 00:42:45,520 Speaker 4: make sure that all the right people are at the 641 00:42:45,560 --> 00:42:49,480 Speaker 4: table when we're making policies, because all too often policies 642 00:42:49,480 --> 00:42:52,160 Speaker 4: are made and then we're like, whoops, we forgot something. 643 00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:55,720 Speaker 4: So I would like to see that when decisions are made, 644 00:42:55,760 --> 00:42:58,160 Speaker 4: when policies are made, the right people are at the 645 00:42:58,239 --> 00:43:01,440 Speaker 4: right table. Oh and when I'm saying the right people 646 00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:04,759 Speaker 4: left out by XM one important population, we should have 647 00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:07,040 Speaker 4: people living with AIDS at the table, people live with 648 00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:11,560 Speaker 4: HIV at the table, who best to advocate for themselves 649 00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:14,719 Speaker 4: and say what they need other than these people. And 650 00:43:14,760 --> 00:43:20,000 Speaker 4: then when we're talking about pregnant people or anything about 651 00:43:20,040 --> 00:43:22,960 Speaker 4: women's health, like women should be at the table. Pregnant 652 00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:25,799 Speaker 4: people should be at the table. So let's be inclusive. 653 00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:32,400 Speaker 2: Yes, yes, that's the big statement, Like that's such a 654 00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:35,839 Speaker 2: level of understanding that we're not going to understand how 655 00:43:35,880 --> 00:43:38,680 Speaker 2: to treat it if the people who are not affected 656 00:43:38,680 --> 00:43:39,479 Speaker 2: by it are not. 657 00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:40,040 Speaker 3: At the table. 658 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:43,960 Speaker 2: That is such a big conversation that we need to 659 00:43:43,960 --> 00:43:47,279 Speaker 2: have repeatedly and often in this kind of research, in 660 00:43:47,320 --> 00:43:51,000 Speaker 2: any research, in any job, that we need to have 661 00:43:51,080 --> 00:43:55,719 Speaker 2: those people being present. Oh you're doing a lot of work, 662 00:43:55,800 --> 00:43:58,160 Speaker 2: they see, and I appreciate doctor Detto. I'm coming back, 663 00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:01,960 Speaker 2: and we preciate you taking your time and coming to 664 00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:04,520 Speaker 2: talk to us about your work because we want to 665 00:44:04,560 --> 00:44:07,799 Speaker 2: be able to have a bigger conversation of what this 666 00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:11,560 Speaker 2: looks like, how this impacts so many people, and what 667 00:44:11,600 --> 00:44:14,680 Speaker 2: we can do in order to make sure this conversation 668 00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:18,400 Speaker 2: is getting out there. So we definitely appreciate that. Now 669 00:44:19,600 --> 00:44:21,960 Speaker 2: we want to bring it back because this is a 670 00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:25,120 Speaker 2: lot and I remember again just watching you having to 671 00:44:25,160 --> 00:44:28,080 Speaker 2: do through go through all the work and presenting your 672 00:44:28,360 --> 00:44:32,000 Speaker 2: dissertation and all of that, I have to ask, how 673 00:44:32,040 --> 00:44:35,759 Speaker 2: do you take time for yourself and what do you 674 00:44:35,840 --> 00:44:37,919 Speaker 2: do for like yourself and and self care? 675 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:43,080 Speaker 4: That is a great question. So number one on the 676 00:44:43,160 --> 00:44:44,120 Speaker 4: list is Zoomba. 677 00:44:46,680 --> 00:44:48,000 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's right. 678 00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:54,520 Speaker 4: Absolutely, I love Zoomba. I probably do zoombam. I do 679 00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:57,400 Speaker 4: zombo mouncicle times a week, so love it. I just 680 00:44:57,440 --> 00:45:01,279 Speaker 4: got into pilates, which I'm like a newbie. Love it 681 00:45:01,320 --> 00:45:06,320 Speaker 4: as well. I love to just hang out with my friends, 682 00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:11,600 Speaker 4: whether we're just at a coffee shop anywhere really we're shopping, 683 00:45:11,640 --> 00:45:14,680 Speaker 4: whatever we do, we always have a good time talking 684 00:45:15,120 --> 00:45:19,800 Speaker 4: catching up. Yeah. So just spending time with friends, loved ones. 685 00:45:20,719 --> 00:45:22,000 Speaker 4: That's really what I do. 686 00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:25,719 Speaker 3: And I like to look your jet setter too, like 687 00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:26,400 Speaker 3: you trying. 688 00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:30,719 Speaker 4: Oh yeah, I do travel, yes, that is that is 689 00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:33,440 Speaker 4: another passion of mine. Yes, I'd love to travel. 690 00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:34,960 Speaker 3: I love seeing those pictures. 691 00:45:35,040 --> 00:45:36,960 Speaker 2: I'm like, oh, look she's there on the beach or 692 00:45:37,280 --> 00:45:41,160 Speaker 2: with the you know, being all fancy in her background 693 00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:45,040 Speaker 2: of like wherever you are that day. I'm like, that's nice. 694 00:45:45,920 --> 00:45:47,640 Speaker 2: I get jealous, absolutely. 695 00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:49,520 Speaker 3: I look at her. I get jealous. 696 00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:51,320 Speaker 4: To put your in a suitcase. 697 00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:54,240 Speaker 3: We talked about that. We're like, we gotta do something right. 698 00:45:54,400 --> 00:46:01,279 Speaker 1: Yes, yes, well, thank you, thank you so much for 699 00:46:01,360 --> 00:46:04,200 Speaker 1: being here. We would love to have you back and 700 00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:11,200 Speaker 1: check in later see what you're up to. But before 701 00:46:11,680 --> 00:46:15,440 Speaker 1: before we close out completely, where can the good listeners 702 00:46:15,480 --> 00:46:15,840 Speaker 1: find you? 703 00:46:15,880 --> 00:46:16,080 Speaker 2: Do you? 704 00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:19,279 Speaker 1: Do you have anything you want to shout out? Yeah? 705 00:46:19,520 --> 00:46:22,759 Speaker 4: Absolutely so. Samantha just mentioned I'd love to travel. I 706 00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:26,680 Speaker 4: actually have an Instagram It's called Her Boarding Pass. It's 707 00:46:26,719 --> 00:46:30,320 Speaker 4: all one word, just the word her, then the word 708 00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:33,680 Speaker 4: boarding and then pass, all one word. So you can 709 00:46:33,719 --> 00:46:34,640 Speaker 4: find me there. 710 00:46:35,080 --> 00:46:36,680 Speaker 3: See her travels and be jealous with me. 711 00:46:37,640 --> 00:46:44,279 Speaker 1: Yes, yes, listeners do that. Well, thank you so much 712 00:46:44,280 --> 00:46:48,200 Speaker 1: again for being here. It was a wonderful conversation. If 713 00:46:48,200 --> 00:46:50,400 Speaker 1: you would like to contact us, you can or email 714 00:46:50,520 --> 00:46:52,440 Speaker 1: is hello at stuff I've Never Told You dot com. 715 00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:54,480 Speaker 1: We're also on blue Skype, Mom Stuff podcast, or on 716 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:56,400 Speaker 1: Instagram and TikTok at stuff I've Never told You. 717 00:46:56,880 --> 00:46:58,920 Speaker 4: We have a YouTube channel. 718 00:46:59,440 --> 00:47:01,719 Speaker 1: We have some merchandice at Coppon Bureau, and we have 719 00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:03,720 Speaker 1: a book you can get where if you get your book, 720 00:47:04,080 --> 00:47:06,640 Speaker 1: Thanks as always to a superducer Christina Executive Prus. 721 00:47:06,520 --> 00:47:07,840 Speaker 4: And Maya and our Contrbudor Joey. 722 00:47:08,040 --> 00:47:10,600 Speaker 1: Thank you and thanks to you for listening Stuff Never 723 00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:12,440 Speaker 1: Told You Instruction by Heart Radio. For more podcast from 724 00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:14,319 Speaker 1: my Heart Radio, you can check out the iHeart Radio app, 725 00:47:14,320 --> 00:47:16,920 Speaker 1: Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.