Speaker 1: Welcome to stuff to Blow Your mind from how stuff
Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to stuff to blow your
Speaker 1: my My My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas,
Speaker 1: and we are joining you once more from the House
Speaker 1: Stuff Works Awsuary, the the catacombs beneath the House Stuff
Speaker 1: Works Headquarters, the bone choked hallways, beneath the bone chandeliers,
Speaker 1: and under the gaze, the watchful gaze of of of
Speaker 1: countless human skulls. Indeed, and we're going to rethink bones today.
Speaker 1: We think of them just propping up the meat bags
Speaker 1: that we inhabit. That hey, they're doing a lot more
Speaker 1: than that, they sure are. We're going to discuss the
Speaker 1: bones of Santa Claus himself. Oh when we're talking about
Speaker 1: Santa Claus here, and we're not talking about the mythical
Speaker 1: jolly fat man that lives in the North Pole and
Speaker 1: brings gifts more of what we're talking about the origin
Speaker 1: of this a bit the the actual living human being
Speaker 1: who himself is wrapped in myth up to this day. Um,
Speaker 1: But we're talking about St. Nicholas uh born marchis tenth
Speaker 1: in the year to seventy CE, died in the year
Speaker 1: three forty three on December six, fourth century Christian Saint
Speaker 1: Greek Bishop of Mira, which is in modern day Turkey,
Speaker 1: also known as Nicholas the wonder Worker because he has
Speaker 1: all these various miracles attributed to him as a reputation
Speaker 1: as a gift giver. And two of the stories are
Speaker 1: pretty great because they tie in nicely with what we
Speaker 1: just discussed about Benjamin Franklin, because one of the stories
Speaker 1: involves essentially a serial killer and the other one involves prostitutes. Um,
Speaker 1: would would you like to tell the prostitute story? Well,
Speaker 1: the prostitute would be like sort of would be prostitutes?
Speaker 1: Possibly there was there was a man and his three daughters,
Speaker 1: and he didn't have the money to provide dowries for
Speaker 1: his daughters, which meant that they were about to be
Speaker 1: sold into slavery, which is probably mean they're about to
Speaker 1: become prostitutes. So what does old good st Nick do?
Speaker 1: He himself from a wealthy family, which in accounts for
Speaker 1: that he gave away a lot of his money. Is
Speaker 1: that he took bags of gold and tossed them through
Speaker 1: the windows of these three daughters on three consecutive nights.
Speaker 1: Uh thereby saving them from a life of wretched prostitution. There.
Speaker 1: So there we have gift giving and also some sort
Speaker 1: of innate understanding of what's going on with people's lives
Speaker 1: that he knows that you've been naughty or nice or
Speaker 1: indeed what you really need this Christmas? And also uh,
Speaker 1: sort of breaking the parameters of someone's house and yeah,
Speaker 1: breaking in and just and uh and getting done when
Speaker 1: needs to getting done. Another story, the serial killer story,
Speaker 1: if you want to frame it that way, is that,
Speaker 1: according to legend, there was a famine, and what happens
Speaker 1: in famine there's not enough food to go around. And
Speaker 1: if your business is that of a butcher, what are
Speaker 1: you gonna do? You need meat to sell, people need
Speaker 1: meat to eat. Sometimes you got to improvise. Sometimes you
Speaker 1: have to lure three children into your house, kill them,
Speaker 1: slice them up, and put their meat in a barrel
Speaker 1: to cure them. His Ham well St Nick cole w
Speaker 1: into this, so because he was in talent at the time,
Speaker 1: you know. And so what did he do. He raised
Speaker 1: the Ham brothers from the dead using only the power
Speaker 1: of prayer, like unhanded them and rehumed them right there,
Speaker 1: presumably right there in the butcher's shop. And and I
Speaker 1: don't know what happened in the butcher's business. I assume
Speaker 1: it ruined him. Um, that was the Barbara Fleet Street
Speaker 1: right it wasn't. Yeah, but yeah, as you can see,
Speaker 1: this guy St. Nick St. Nicholas is full of do goodery,
Speaker 1: literally full of do goodery. Yes, because we're about to
Speaker 1: discuss St. Nick himself is arguably the gift that keeps
Speaker 1: on giving. That's right. When he died, he was buried
Speaker 1: and his remains were revered as holy relics. And the
Speaker 1: years after his death, his tomb was said to give
Speaker 1: off a sweet smell and to weep a mysterious liquid
Speaker 1: which would cure those who touched it. Yes, and this liquid,
Speaker 1: according to those who collected and uh and those who
Speaker 1: spend the myths around it, is supposedly manna. Uh. And
Speaker 1: for for those of you are not versed in your
Speaker 1: biblical studies, manna is the edible substance provided by God
Speaker 1: to the wandering Israelites. Uh. Precious stuff that again just
Speaker 1: manner from heaven. You've all heard that phrase, and that
Speaker 1: the ideas this was literally some sort of a food
Speaker 1: substance that came from God and just fell right into
Speaker 1: their laps. Uh, what that food substance actually was. You know,
Speaker 1: you can just go like a completely supernatural route and
Speaker 1: say it's just something magical that sustains you. You can
Speaker 1: you can go along with a certain rabbinical writings that
Speaker 1: say that no one pooped from eating manna, and in fact,
Speaker 1: it wasn't until several decades later when the manna ceased
Speaker 1: to fall that people began pooping. I don't know, now,
Speaker 1: I'm not not sure that means that there was no
Speaker 1: pooping from mana at all, and then when they had
Speaker 1: to eat other things then they started pooping in or
Speaker 1: if there's like a block of build up of poop
Speaker 1: over those decades until the manna ran out, I'm not
Speaker 1: sure you can. Yeah, these are things that are lost
Speaker 1: in history. Yeah they're they're lost in history. But but
Speaker 1: then there are just there have been scientists that have
Speaker 1: argued that manna might have actually been something like locusts um,
Speaker 1: that it could have been an appetite suppressing cactus sap
Speaker 1: or even appetite suppressing psychedelic mushrooms, which would have been
Speaker 1: perfect because then you also have you know, something like
Speaker 1: psilocybin that's that's playing into some sort of spiritual experience
Speaker 1: as well. Now, for hundreds of years now, the manna
Speaker 1: has been collected, mixed with holy water, embottled in small
Speaker 1: glass vials, decorated with icons of the saint, and put
Speaker 1: up for sale to pilgrims, people who were visiting St.
Speaker 1: Nick's manna for sale to the pilgrim And I would
Speaker 1: like to say, if if you have some of this,
Speaker 1: or are habitedt on hand, or or can obtain it,
Speaker 1: do send it to us. I would love to have
Speaker 1: some of this nana so you don't so you would
Speaker 1: never have to poop again. I'm I'm willing to give
Speaker 1: it a shot. I'm not really a fan of pooping.
Speaker 1: So you know, if there's some sort of holy a lick, sir,
Speaker 1: that seeped from the bones of a dead saint, that
Speaker 1: I can take and stave that off for a decade
Speaker 1: or so, I'm all in. As much as I'd like
Speaker 1: to delve into a rich poop conversation, I'm going to
Speaker 1: back away from it. And I'm going to point out
Speaker 1: that this manner was produced in a couple of locations,
Speaker 1: so it was in in modern Turkey what we now
Speaker 1: is modern Turkey and also in Bari, Italy, because in
Speaker 1: ten eighties seven Italian soldiers moved St. Nicholas's bones to Italy,
Speaker 1: citing invading Seljuk Turks as a concern for the bones welfare.
Speaker 1: And here to the bones were found to have a
Speaker 1: liquid around them. So there's all such a different encount
Speaker 1: it's here of what that liquid was actually composed of.
Speaker 1: There was one analysis of a bottle that was just water.
Speaker 1: There was another one where it was vegetable oil from
Speaker 1: a long, long time ago. Yeah, because it can essentially
Speaker 1: be anything if you just you wrap it in a
Speaker 1: nice story and enough belief, then it doesn't matter. Now
Speaker 1: when we start asking the hard questions of what is
Speaker 1: it really and is there really some sort of liquid
Speaker 1: it's seeping out of this box that and then people
Speaker 1: are bottling and drinking um, the answer is a little
Speaker 1: less fantastic but but but also kind of disgusting. So
Speaker 1: it's it's a win win. Do you think it's gross?
Speaker 1: I mean, it's a little bit we're talking about I mean,
Speaker 1: we're still talking about bone water um, because essentially we're
Speaker 1: talking about condensation burries a port town. It's a marble
Speaker 1: tomb it's below sea level. And there was a two
Speaker 1: thousand and four documentary titled The Real Face of Santa
Speaker 1: in which they actually took a small camera and they
Speaker 1: jabbed it into the tomb so they can actually look
Speaker 1: at the bones, and the bones are deteriorating. They're they're
Speaker 1: lying in pools of shallow water. So this presumably is
Speaker 1: the source of the manner the condensation, bones soaking in
Speaker 1: the condensation and the leaking out. Yeah, because really, as
Speaker 1: you said, it's underground, you have seawater being redistributed around
Speaker 1: it in these capillaries, so that is a really dank area,
Speaker 1: and of course condensation happens. Um, I'm not trying to
Speaker 1: poop poo the holy water that allows you not to
Speaker 1: poo poo waiting for that. It's still magical bone water.
Speaker 1: So I'm I'm I'm happy with it either way. Indeed,
Speaker 1: and here's a little historical side note on husband killing
Speaker 1: poisons that used throughout the centuries, because a lot of
Speaker 1: times that was the only way to get out of
Speaker 1: a bad relationship. Yeah, you're in a crappy relationship. You
Speaker 1: have a bottle of this manna sitting around with a
Speaker 1: little icon of st Nicholas on it. Maybe your husband
Speaker 1: has a cold, Maybe you slip in a little bit
Speaker 1: of poison in there and say, ah, you should really
Speaker 1: take this. I think it's going to cure you. This
Speaker 1: happened more than once with these vials. And actually there's
Speaker 1: a pretty big history of arsenic being used as a
Speaker 1: husband killer as well that we could go into, but
Speaker 1: I just wanted to mention that in terms of St. Nicholas. Okay, well,
Speaker 1: if you, if you do send a bottle of man
Speaker 1: to us, please don't put any poison in it, or
Speaker 1: go ahead and put poison in it, because now I'm
Speaker 1: gonna be a little hesitant about drinking it. Yeah, all right,
Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick break and when we come
Speaker 1: back more bones. Now, if you walk down the hall
Speaker 1: here of the hs W headquarters asso Harry Basement, you
Speaker 1: will see another specimen. Yes, a very curious specimen, because
Speaker 1: the the skull is is elongated, kind of swollen looking,
Speaker 1: almost kind of a cone head looking skull. And you know,
Speaker 1: if you didn't know anybody, you might look at this
Speaker 1: and say, this is clearly some sort of non human
Speaker 1: hominid ancest here, some sort of weird cone head ape
Speaker 1: that predated human human civilization, or you might look at
Speaker 1: the stars for anning for an explanation. Yeah, Child's deformed skull,
Speaker 1: later dubbed the star Child skull, was found in the
Speaker 1: early nineteen thirties in the arid region around Chihuahua. Now,
Speaker 1: at the time, little was known about Meso American civilizations
Speaker 1: or really any other sort of extenuating circumstances that might
Speaker 1: shape a skull in such an unusual manner. But this
Speaker 1: guy found the skull, looked at it and thought, hmm,
Speaker 1: this could be some sort of ancient alien civilization relic.
Speaker 1: And people thought, hey, this is evidence here that that
Speaker 1: aliens are around, they exist. Yeah. Indeed, I mean if
Speaker 1: you if you look at enough skulls that that seem
Speaker 1: to be deformed, you can begin to pull out any
Speaker 1: number of ideas about what's going on here. You you
Speaker 1: constantly see pictures of weird skulls throwing showing up on
Speaker 1: the internet, be it something that presumably has horns or
Speaker 1: it's or some sort of weird deformation that makes it
Speaker 1: appear less human and uh, and you'll see the explanations
Speaker 1: ranging from the you know, the the realistic and scientific
Speaker 1: all the way into the cryptozoological and uh and cosmic.
Speaker 1: But when it comes to elongated skulls, these these tall skulls,
Speaker 1: these kind of cone head skulls, um you see these
Speaker 1: around the world. You see these popping up just about everywhere.
Speaker 1: And then and then you have to ask these questions,
Speaker 1: what's going on here? Who are these co netted individuals? Right?
Speaker 1: And I had mentioned meso American civilizations. Well, this is
Speaker 1: where you see a lot of examples of this. And
Speaker 1: of course this would need to be done in childhood
Speaker 1: because the bones of the skull are much more malleable
Speaker 1: than and at birth the heads of babies were tightly
Speaker 1: wrapped with cloth in order to give their heads that
Speaker 1: kind of streamlined, elongated look. Of course, the question is why.
Speaker 1: And archaeologist Christina Garcia Moreno, director of the research project
Speaker 1: that looked into this, said that quote, cranial deformation in
Speaker 1: Mesoamerican cultures was used to differentiate one social group from
Speaker 1: another and for ritual purposes. So this is also a
Speaker 1: largely esthetic thing. Yeah, I mean aesthetics is key here.
Speaker 1: The the idea that a larger skull, a taller skull,
Speaker 1: brings you closer to heaven or it gives you a
Speaker 1: higher social status, or that it means you're smarter, you
Speaker 1: have a bigger brain. In there um and UH and
Speaker 1: so you you see variations of this in the in
Speaker 1: various cultures around the world. You see it in UH
Speaker 1: in Meso American cultures, you see it in African cultures.
Speaker 1: You see it UH in some of the Pacific island cultures.
Speaker 1: I mean, you even see it in in cultures where
Speaker 1: there's UH, there's there's there's not necessarily any evidence of
Speaker 1: existing or even recent UH skull deformation rituals. For instance,
Speaker 1: you look in in Chinese culture. If you've ever been
Speaker 1: to a Chinese hotel or even like a Chinese home
Speaker 1: or Chinese restaurant, you may have seen UH statues of
Speaker 1: these three little men or sometimes there's three big men,
Speaker 1: depending on the size of the statues, of course, but
Speaker 1: their Foo, Lou, and Show Um and they each stand
Speaker 1: for a different cosmic entity UH. And you have food
Speaker 1: that represents good fortune, and he's seen in a scholars
Speaker 1: dress holding a baby. And then there's a Lou that
Speaker 1: represents prosperity. But then there's this old man named Show
Speaker 1: and he's holding the peach of immortality and he has
Speaker 1: this giant head, and he's this old man with a
Speaker 1: giant head because he's old and he's wise, and he
Speaker 1: presumably spent that teen years in his mother's room before
Speaker 1: he was born. I'm sure that was a happy day
Speaker 1: for her. Yeah, well she should be proud. He's old
Speaker 1: and wise and uh, you know he he used to
Speaker 1: be venerated with a giant head that she gave birth to.
Speaker 1: Now the January in March nineteen sixty seven issue of
Speaker 1: the French fashion magazine Official featured the Mangbatwo people of
Speaker 1: Congo and they practiced lapombo at the time. Again, this
Speaker 1: this head elongation, although the practice began dying out in
Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties with your arrival of more Europeans in westernization,
Speaker 1: but it's an example of it occurring um in recent history.
Speaker 1: And because of this distinctive look too, you'll often recognize
Speaker 1: it in Magbatwo figures. In African art. You see depictions
Speaker 1: of the daughter of Pharaoh amatep the fourth, and you
Speaker 1: can note a definite elongated skull present in both both
Speaker 1: the art and in the Mamma fid remains uh of
Speaker 1: of both the Amatet the fourth and his son famous
Speaker 1: son Tuton, common king Tut and Uh. It really depends
Speaker 1: on who you ask regarding why those skulls are so shape.
Speaker 1: Some people will go straight up star child on you
Speaker 1: and say that they was because clearly, uh, the ancient
Speaker 1: Egyptians were interbred with extraterrestrials. Others will say that there
Speaker 1: was probably some some sort of skull deformation ritual going
Speaker 1: on to give them that that appearance, or that it's
Speaker 1: just mere heredity. Um, you can sort of pick and
Speaker 1: shoes as far as the star talk goes. That skull
Speaker 1: um was actually tested the DNA hay and it was
Speaker 1: confirmed that it is in fact a human skull, and
Speaker 1: in fact it was a male child who likely suffered
Speaker 1: from hydrocephalus, which is a condition that leads to skull
Speaker 1: elongation in deformation. So that one's out now in other
Speaker 1: people that actually still practice skull deformation to this day
Speaker 1: are the Vana two people. And Vana two people associate
Speaker 1: elongated heads with the folk hero and that who had
Speaker 1: higher intelligence, greater social status, and closer proximity to the
Speaker 1: world of the spirits. And as according to an excellent
Speaker 1: article from the Australian Museum that I'll link to, at
Speaker 1: the bottom of this landing page for this episode. Now,
Speaker 1: this might seem kind of strange as practice, but really
Speaker 1: this is body modification, and if you look at it
Speaker 1: this way, it's not really any stranger than taking say
Speaker 1: your skin on your face and stretching it back so
Speaker 1: it's smooth over your bones, or filling your breast with
Speaker 1: you know, material to make them larger, your peanuts, or
Speaker 1: but for that matter, I mean, there's we've been modifying
Speaker 1: our bodies for a very long time. This is just
Speaker 1: a different expression of it. Yeah, and more to the point,
Speaker 1: this is this is not in the same league as
Speaker 1: something say like foot binding. Uh. This is even the
Speaker 1: sometimes see this referred to as skull binding. Uh. There's
Speaker 1: no evidence to show that this is in any way
Speaker 1: painful for the child. It's generally done by you have
Speaker 1: to have something to wrap around the child's skull during
Speaker 1: that during that time period when the skull is still solidifying,
Speaker 1: and get into that in just a second. But but yeah,
Speaker 1: there's no pain. And then once they have actually grown up,
Speaker 1: there's no there's no known detrimental aspect to having a
Speaker 1: different shaped skull. So it's you know, it's totally starbellied
Speaker 1: sneeches in terms of that it's an aesthetic of beauty
Speaker 1: in that culture, not exactly, and who's to say that
Speaker 1: it's it's not beautiful. I mean, certainly you look at
Speaker 1: these images of you know, Egyptian queens and it looks
Speaker 1: pretty there, and that any weirder than anything else we do,
Speaker 1: uh in terms of of the actual ability the window
Speaker 1: in which we can manipulate that skull. Uh. This of
Speaker 1: course comes back to the fact that babies have soft
Speaker 1: heads because essentially because we decided to become bipeds. Uh,
Speaker 1: well we didn't decide, it happened. And in doing so
Speaker 1: there was a certain amount there's a certain problems came up.
Speaker 1: It had to do with the size of the pelvis,
Speaker 1: and then the head has to squit has to fit
Speaker 1: through uh that uh, that pelvis uh and allow and
Speaker 1: then also you need to allow breathing room for a
Speaker 1: large brain to girl in there. So you have this
Speaker 1: this window where the bones in the in the in
Speaker 1: the skull don't completely fuse together and during that time
Speaker 1: you can change the shape uh and and therefore um
Speaker 1: alter the finished form of the skull. Yeah. Indeed, and
Speaker 1: that's why you say it's it's not something that is
Speaker 1: harmful to the child or painful. Again, these bones are
Speaker 1: malleable at that point. Yeah, And I mean you see
Speaker 1: this too as as well with infants. Sometimes if infant
Speaker 1: sleeps too much in the same position, you'll get kind
Speaker 1: of a flat part on the back of the skull. Um. Uh.
Speaker 1: And there was actually you actually had something called to
Speaker 1: loose deformities caused by infant headbands in pre twentieth century France,
Speaker 1: wrapping all the babies in these head bands and it
Speaker 1: just ends up changing the shape of the skull. Well,
Speaker 1: just even think about a child who's in their seat
Speaker 1: carrier a lot, a lot of times the back of
Speaker 1: their heads will flatten. Um. I'm sure any parents out
Speaker 1: there who have experiences can say yes, and you know
Speaker 1: that does happen, and you have to try to shift
Speaker 1: their head around a lot when they're sleeping to try
Speaker 1: to even it out. So apparently in some cases, there
Speaker 1: there have been cases where doctors have used headgear to
Speaker 1: try and help readjust skulls that seem to be taking
Speaker 1: on a less desired form. But the research is kind
Speaker 1: of on both sides to whether it actually makes a difference. Uh.
Speaker 1: To if you actually need to put a headgear on
Speaker 1: the child, or if you just basically make sure the
Speaker 1: child is in some different positions to even it out. Now,
Speaker 1: the next example we're going to cover is actually something
Speaker 1: that is that we have here is it's in um
Speaker 1: a jar from aldehyde. It's at Jonathan Strickland's desk. You
Speaker 1: won't let anybody move it, but we still can go
Speaker 1: Jonathan Strickland's desk all the way down here in the ossuary. Um.
Speaker 1: You know, well, it's just one of his locations. He's
Speaker 1: got several satellite Well, I think he works well. I
Speaker 1: guess with the skeletons, you know he does. He needs
Speaker 1: his you know, quiet time, and I guess this provides it.
Speaker 1: It is quiet down here. But what we're talking about
Speaker 1: is a bizarre harry frog that has catlike extendable claws,
Speaker 1: except for they're not like claws. Their their bones. Indeed,
Speaker 1: these bones really put any human bones to shame. And
Speaker 1: and really they're enough to make any I think any
Speaker 1: comic book fan also a little jealous, because this is
Speaker 1: we're talking wolverine s powers here. Um. The harry frog,
Speaker 1: the Trictobaractus robust us of Cameroon has this unique ubility
Speaker 1: ability to flex a few muscles and in doing so
Speaker 1: break sharp bits of bone off in its hind legs
Speaker 1: and drive them through the skin. So at this point,
Speaker 1: each toe has what looks like a thorn or acts
Speaker 1: claw emerging from the skin. Uh. But it's but it's not.
Speaker 1: It's not a claw, it's not a tooth, it's not keraton,
Speaker 1: it's not enamel. It's good old broken bone. Uh, which
Speaker 1: is gonna jab. It's a amace with I mean, it's
Speaker 1: breaking its own bones and piercing its own flesh to
Speaker 1: make a weapon come out of it. It's amazing, Like
Speaker 1: we couldn't do it because we're talking about a compound fracture.
Speaker 1: If we get a compound fracture, it's it's horrific and
Speaker 1: it needs it needs medical attention right away. Um, and
Speaker 1: you're certainly not going to go stabbing people in the
Speaker 1: neck with it, right But but biologists suspect that these
Speaker 1: bone claws with the with the hairy frog simply slide
Speaker 1: back into place and everything just regenerates. How cool is that.
Speaker 1: Here's here are the specifics at rest. The claws of T.
Speaker 1: Robust Us are found on the hind feet only and
Speaker 1: they're they're nestled inside a mass of connective tissue, and
Speaker 1: a chunk of collagen forms a bomb between the claws
Speaker 1: short point and a small piece of bone at the
Speaker 1: tip of the frog's toe. So the other end of
Speaker 1: the claw is connected to a muscle, and when the
Speaker 1: animal is attacked or threatened, it contracts this muscle which
Speaker 1: pulls the claw downwards, and then the sharp point then
Speaker 1: breaks away from the bony tip and cuts through the stone,
Speaker 1: the toepad emerging on the underside. Now to that well
Speaker 1: or can you? I don't know, because we have another
Speaker 1: specimen here, also in Jonathan Strickland's desk, which the desk
Speaker 1: is also made out of bones, just in case anyone
Speaker 1: was wondering. By the way, we need to move the
Speaker 1: jar back into the little round circle that he drew underneath,
Speaker 1: or else he gets really upset this Uh. This second
Speaker 1: specimen is the Spanish ribbed newt and wind threatened, the
Speaker 1: slimy amphibian strange its ribs until they break through the
Speaker 1: skin and emerge like a row of sharp claws along
Speaker 1: its side. Uh. And then if this isn't enough, it
Speaker 1: also secretes a powerful toxin. UH. So you really don't
Speaker 1: want to eat this guy. It like makes it, It
Speaker 1: makes itself appear to be like the boniest, most toxic
Speaker 1: piece of fish on the plate. You know, I'm not impressed.
Speaker 1: I've seen this at a Victoria's Secret Angel show. Yeah,
Speaker 1: you do see some underwear models that do look like
Speaker 1: their bones are about to just pop out. Um God,
Speaker 1: it's just do you ever imagine if you've had a
Speaker 1: leg cramp before, right where you're kind of stretching and
Speaker 1: then suddenly cramps. And I wonder sometimes like if you
Speaker 1: just try to injure yourself through sheer flexing of muscles,
Speaker 1: you know, could what how much harm could you do
Speaker 1: to yourself? And then I think of this example and
Speaker 1: it makes me crampe. Not that not that you can
Speaker 1: do this, but I'm saying, here's an animal that just
Speaker 1: by thinking about it and straining it may not even
Speaker 1: thinking about it, depending on how you look at animal cognition,
Speaker 1: it just makes its bones pop out of its body. Well.
Speaker 1: It used to be really impressed by the seats cucumber,
Speaker 1: which can take all of its internal organs and eject
Speaker 1: it from its anus at people, right, But this is
Speaker 1: I mean that it doesn't have anything on this guy,
Speaker 1: you know, and much like the hairy frog, this new
Speaker 1: can simply retract its ribs back into its body and
Speaker 1: then regenerate the damage tissue. Easy, peasy, let me squeezy,
Speaker 1: So that you have it. A couple of of non
Speaker 1: human skeletal examples that are definitely worth looking at, definitely
Speaker 1: worth envying even if you if you look at your
Speaker 1: own skeletal system and it's it's relative inability to break
Speaker 1: out of your body and harm people. But as we
Speaker 1: discussed earlier that the fist itself is a is a
Speaker 1: highly evolved punching skeletal system, so you know, it all
Speaker 1: works out. Yeah, So this is kind of rethinking of bones,
Speaker 1: how we house them, how we use them, Uh, just
Speaker 1: a whole little uh poo poo platter. Yeah, yeah, Yeah.
Speaker 1: The ossuary is pretty expansive down here. There are various
Speaker 1: other specimens we could have discussed, and you know, maybe
Speaker 1: we'll we'll return in the future and discuss more of them,
Speaker 1: but for now, it looks like we're out of time.
Speaker 1: I think I hear John, Do you hear Jo? Here
Speaker 1: is what? Okay, we need to get out of here. Yeah,
Speaker 1: before he finds us walk carefully because there's some bones
Speaker 1: littered on the floor. That wasn't us. That wasn't us. Okay,
Speaker 1: we better get out of here, hey. In the meantime,
Speaker 1: be sure to check out stuff to Blow your Mind
Speaker 1: dot com. That's where we'll find all the articles that
Speaker 1: we've written, all the blog posts, all the podcast episodes,
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