1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class. It's a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,720 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, I'm Eves, and you're listening to This 3 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,840 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where we bring you 4 00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:26,799 Speaker 1: a slice of history every day. Today is January. The 5 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:33,480 Speaker 1: day was January nineteen twelve Norwegian philosopher Arna Deccia eyed 6 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:37,720 Speaker 1: Ness was born. Ness was known for being an influential 7 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:41,480 Speaker 1: figure in the environmental movement and coining the term deep ecology. 8 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,800 Speaker 1: Ness was born in slim Doll, near Oslo, Norway, to 9 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:50,080 Speaker 1: a wealthy family. His father, Ragnar, died before he turned 10 00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: one year old. Arna found an early interest in nature 11 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:57,680 Speaker 1: and philosophy. By the time he was a teenager, he 12 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:02,120 Speaker 1: had already become an adept mountaineer. He also began attending 13 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:07,240 Speaker 1: university lectures. Ness did undergraduate work at the Sorbonne in 14 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:11,040 Speaker 1: Paris and graduate work at the University of Vienna and 15 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:15,480 Speaker 1: the University of California Berkeley. In Vienna, he worked with 16 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,160 Speaker 1: the Vienna Circle, the school of philosophers who developed the 17 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:24,080 Speaker 1: movement of logical positivism. Nest got his doctorate in philosophy 18 00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:28,200 Speaker 1: from the University of Oslo in ninety eight. Nest finished 19 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:30,600 Speaker 1: building a hut in the Halling Scott of the mountains 20 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:34,000 Speaker 1: he called the hut Te verga Stein, and for much 21 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: of his life he lived and spent time here developing 22 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:41,840 Speaker 1: his philosophical ideas. Soon after graduating, he became the youngest 23 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:45,679 Speaker 1: ever professor of philosophy at the University of Oslo. He 24 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:48,800 Speaker 1: was also the only professor of philosophy in Norway at 25 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,800 Speaker 1: the time. Once appointed, he made the history of ideas 26 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:57,040 Speaker 1: a prerequisite for all academic fields in his book Truth 27 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: as Conceived by Those who are not Professional philosophy. Rs. 28 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:03,440 Speaker 1: Ness was one of the first people to use statistical 29 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:09,120 Speaker 1: methods and questionnaires to survey philosophical beliefs. But Nazi Germany 30 00:02:09,160 --> 00:02:13,480 Speaker 1: invaded Norway in nineteen forty. Influenced by Gandhi's active non 31 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:18,120 Speaker 1: violent resistance, Ness advocated for the same. He stayed on 32 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 1: the faculty at the University of Oslo, but he was 33 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:25,919 Speaker 1: not passive. He worked for the Norwegian intelligence agency XU 34 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,239 Speaker 1: during the occupation and he collaborated with members of the resistance. 35 00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: After the war. He even mediated conversations between torturers and 36 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 1: the families of torture victims. Nest was also influenced by 37 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:44,800 Speaker 1: the work of Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, a prominent rationalist 38 00:02:44,919 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: in the seventeenth century. After the war, Nest continued to 39 00:02:49,080 --> 00:02:54,440 Speaker 1: work on language and communication and published more works. Yunesco 40 00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:58,640 Speaker 1: invited him to lead a project to explore controversies between 41 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:03,359 Speaker 1: the East and West over the terms democracy and freedom. 42 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:08,799 Speaker 1: He also founded the journal Inquiry about Philosophy, Science and Society. 43 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:13,200 Speaker 1: Ness Lad the first expedition up tirich Mur, the highest 44 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 1: mountain in the Hindu Kush Range, in nineteen fifty four. 45 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:20,600 Speaker 1: Nest was influenced by Rachel Carson's nineteen sixty two book 46 00:03:20,760 --> 00:03:25,920 Speaker 1: Silent Spring, about the environmental effects of pesticides. Norway's culture 47 00:03:26,120 --> 00:03:30,560 Speaker 1: is also deeply rooted in nature. Nest became heavily involved 48 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:34,800 Speaker 1: in environmental activism in the nineteen sixties. He remained an 49 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:39,600 Speaker 1: avid mountaineer. He retired from his professorship in nineteen sixty nine, 50 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 1: and he coined the terms deep ecology movement and acosophy 51 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:46,920 Speaker 1: in the nineteen seventy three article The Shallow and the 52 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:51,560 Speaker 1: Deep Long Range Ecology Movement a summary. In his view, 53 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:56,400 Speaker 1: the shallow ecology movement provided short term technological solutions to 54 00:03:56,600 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 1: environmental issues. Deep ecology stressed the importance of changing norms, 55 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 1: values and practices, and environmental decision making. And acosta fee 56 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:10,400 Speaker 1: is a personal philosophy or wisdom grounded in attention to 57 00:04:10,480 --> 00:04:14,120 Speaker 1: the earth that guides a person's actions toward and beliefs 58 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:17,720 Speaker 1: about nature and human beings. Nest called his acosta f 59 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,280 Speaker 1: e t the T standing for to Vergustein, and he 60 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: traveled around the world encouraging others to develop their own 61 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:28,120 Speaker 1: acosta fees. Nest went on to run for office with 62 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:31,680 Speaker 1: the Norwegian Green Party and became the first chairman of 63 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,920 Speaker 1: Green Peace Norway. He died in Oslo in two thousand nine. 64 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:39,240 Speaker 1: I'm each Jeff Cote and hopefully you know a little 65 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. You can 66 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:47,600 Speaker 1: find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t d 67 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:53,279 Speaker 1: I h C podcast. We also accept electronic letters at 68 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:57,520 Speaker 1: this day at I heart media dot com. Thanks again 69 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:00,919 Speaker 1: for listening and have a fantastic tony four hours until 70 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:08,719 Speaker 1: we see you again. For more podcasts from I heart Radio, 71 00:05:08,839 --> 00:05:11,360 Speaker 1: visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 72 00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:12,599 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.