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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Flow Your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas, and

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Speaker 1: we are continuing our journey through the digestive system. In

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Speaker 1: our last episode, we dealt with smelling food, tasting food,

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Speaker 1: chewing food, getting food all wet and gross in your

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Speaker 1: mouth so it may continue the journey, and so in

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Speaker 1: this episode, we are in fact continuing the journey. Um.

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Speaker 1: You know some of our series we tell you, oh,

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Speaker 1: make sure you're back and listen to part one and

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Speaker 1: listen to part to this one. You can probably mix

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Speaker 1: it up a little bit. Yeah, I think everyone knows that, yes,

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Speaker 1: food needs to go through your mouth before it goes

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Speaker 1: into your esophagus and stomach. Yeah. But what's so cool

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Speaker 1: about that episode is that we learned about how your

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Speaker 1: tongue is bathed in saliva, and the saliva really brings

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Speaker 1: all those flavors to you, and that so much of

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Speaker 1: our ability to smells something or detective flavor has to

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Speaker 1: do with the tongue, and that there's our receptors in

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Speaker 1: the back of our throat that are actually detecting that smell,

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Speaker 1: So I actually just gave it away. But there's a

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Speaker 1: lot of really cool stuff in the episode. So yeah,

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Speaker 1: you've gone through that episode hopefully with us, and you

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Speaker 1: were about to plunge down the gullet, yes, and splunk inside.

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Speaker 1: And and like last time, we were inspired to do

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Speaker 1: this one a little bit by Mary Roach's new book, Gulp,

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Speaker 1: which highly recommend everyone pick that up if you're at

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Speaker 1: all into science, if you're at all into food and digestion,

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Speaker 1: into laughing or learning. It's a great book. We're really

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Speaker 1: enjoying it. And also check out our interview with Mary Roach,

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Speaker 1: which will have published by this time. Yeah, it's it

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Speaker 1: is great as usual, she has so many interesting things

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Speaker 1: to say. Um, so, yeah, let's talk about this journey

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Speaker 1: into the stomach. And uh, let's think about previously previously

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Speaker 1: on nose detail, Yes, previous smell to haggas we tasted hags.

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Speaker 1: We put hags in our mouth. The haggis is the

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Speaker 1: chewed as as much as you can chew chewed up.

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Speaker 1: We get salive on there, we get various enzymes and

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Speaker 1: we have formed a what what is this cargo? Bullets

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Speaker 1: bullets And just as a reminder, hags is essentially like

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Speaker 1: a tur ducan of organ meat uh, encased in sheep's stomach. Yes, right,

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Speaker 1: so all of that gets you know, chewed up in

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Speaker 1: her mouth and as you say, it becomes the bullets haggas,

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Speaker 1: it's like a gross muca see foodie football that's about

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Speaker 1: to be passed to the rest of the digestive system.

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Speaker 1: That's right. What happens is that you get the swallow

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Speaker 1: reflex and it's activated and the larn x elevates and

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Speaker 1: closes to avoid portions of the food bullus bulls haggis

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Speaker 1: entering the trachea. Yeah, because that's bad. That's joking, that's

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Speaker 1: that's not being able to breathe. Big ball of organs

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Speaker 1: trying to go down your wimpipe bad bad news. And

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Speaker 1: as Mary Roach points out to the bad ones to

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Speaker 1: to actually get down there. Of course, with the grape

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Speaker 1: and the hot dog, both just the right size to

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Speaker 1: to block your windpipe, perfect circumference to mimic the circumference

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Speaker 1: of your windpipe. So yes, that is why actually they

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Speaker 1: say with with kids toddlers to you know, always cut

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Speaker 1: up a hot dog or grapes. That's the very reason. Alright.

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Speaker 1: So the police is entering this esophagus, and the esophagus

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Speaker 1: I think is wonderful because it really is the beginning

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Speaker 1: of this long tube of your digestive system. Because if

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Speaker 1: you think about this, it really is a tube from

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Speaker 1: your mouth to your anus. It's just in different types

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Speaker 1: of sculptures along the way. Yeah, it's like one long

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Speaker 1: winding hallway through a house. The decorations change, the carpeting changes,

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Speaker 1: but but ultimately it's the same pathway, right. And from

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Speaker 1: this pathway it's a pretty straight shoot. We're talking about

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Speaker 1: eight inches here, um. And it does have two parts.

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Speaker 1: There's the or esophagal spin sphincter, that's the U S

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Speaker 1: and that is under our conscious control, right, So that

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Speaker 1: is helping us to eat, to breathe the belch, and

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Speaker 1: to even vomit when we need to. And it is

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Speaker 1: essentially keeping food from going down the wrong pipe. Right.

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Speaker 1: That the upper part of our esophagus. Now, the lower

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Speaker 1: part is involuntary, and it's muscles are kind of like

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Speaker 1: the dormant to the stomach, making sure that acid and

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Speaker 1: food don't travel backwards into the esophagus. That's bad though.

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Speaker 1: That does happen, of course, and it's sometimes it's important

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Speaker 1: that it happens in the case of regurgitation, It's true. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: But the cool thing about the esophagus, this is essentially

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Speaker 1: made up of these muscles that are easing the food downward,

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Speaker 1: especially in the process of paristalsis. Yes, peristalsis. It's kind

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Speaker 1: of like I can't help but think of like a

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Speaker 1: snake eating something, or or when you when you have

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Speaker 1: accidentally put your hoodie in the washer and dryer without

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Speaker 1: h eyeing up the cords and the cord comes out

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Speaker 1: and you have to carefully like work it through the

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Speaker 1: hood again. It's that kind of like gradual process. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's smooth muscle movement and it is sort of like

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Speaker 1: you think about a worm or snake sort of sort

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Speaker 1: of moving along. And now para salsas begins in the

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Speaker 1: esophagus and it goes all the way to the anus, right,

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Speaker 1: So this is a movement um that really does kind

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Speaker 1: of usher your food from one station to another. And

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Speaker 1: when we talk about the esophagus, the movement is initiated

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Speaker 1: by circular smooth muscles contracting behind the chewed food, and

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Speaker 1: then it's followed by a contraction of longitudinal smooth muscles

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Speaker 1: which pushes the digested food forward or down. So you

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Speaker 1: could do a cartwheel and you can be digesting and

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Speaker 1: it would still move your food in the correct direction,

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Speaker 1: because it is it is those muscles that are really

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Speaker 1: making sure that food is going down, uh, not necessarily gravity.

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Speaker 1: Right now, we're still in the upper esophagus at this point, right,

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Speaker 1: and now this is a This is the area where

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Speaker 1: everything is still under conscious control. For the most part.

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Speaker 1: We're still more or less in charge of the food movement.

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Speaker 1: But when we get into the lower esophagus, that's where

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Speaker 1: it becomes more of a subconscious movement. It's no longer

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Speaker 1: really our affair what's going on with the food. It's

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Speaker 1: it's been passed on to a different division. That's right. Um.

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Speaker 1: I mean it's all in preparation for shooting it into

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Speaker 1: the stomach, right to the big vat of acid. And

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Speaker 1: I did want to interject something here that when it does,

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Speaker 1: when that bollus lands in that big vat of acid,

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Speaker 1: we get these noises gurgling from our stomach. Yes, and

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Speaker 1: there's an actual name for these noises. This was new

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Speaker 1: to me. This was a surprise. Yeah. Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: a bit of on a monopea going on. The word

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Speaker 1: is Warbaraghini, because it sounds exactly like what it is. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it down. It sounds like we both like, yeah, if

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Speaker 1: you slow it down, it's a war. War. Doesn't that

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Speaker 1: sound like my stomach just it does sound like like

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Speaker 1: stomach systic, the kind of gurgly noise that that generally

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Speaker 1: makes itself heard during the quiet parts of movies or

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Speaker 1: on dates or in waiting rooms anywhere where it's nice

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Speaker 1: and quiet, and your digestive system is reminding you that

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Speaker 1: even though you were taking it easy, it's it's work times,

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Speaker 1: that is exactly. It's kind of like the digestive systems

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Speaker 1: work song, like whistle your while you work song. It's like, hey,

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Speaker 1: this is going on, but we're wearing to me or

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Speaker 1: something like that. The cat sits on my shoulder the

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Speaker 1: other day. She was doing and I could hear the

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Speaker 1: sound of her digestion. It was just like, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I've heard my cats as well. And you know he's

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Speaker 1: he's a giant cat, by the way, and he eats

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Speaker 1: a lot um. He's a twenty six pound cats, so

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Speaker 1: you can really hear his digestion. And he snores too,

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Speaker 1: and sneezes um. So the interesting thing about the bogaragimi

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Speaker 1: is that it's the gas in the air that's trapped

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Speaker 1: in what we are now calling come formerly the bullets. Okay,

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Speaker 1: now it's like now that this the slurry ball has

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Speaker 1: become just this slurry highway of good called the kind. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the time is just we've changed the names here because

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Speaker 1: we've put more additives in it, right. We we have

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Speaker 1: added some gastard juices to the mix. And so it's

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Speaker 1: that that gas and air that's trapped in the time

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Speaker 1: that is making those noises. And if your stomach or

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Speaker 1: your small intestine is relatively empty, uh, it's going to

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Speaker 1: make louder noises. So Jessica Toothman has a great article

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Speaker 1: on our website about this, and she likened it to

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Speaker 1: when you put shoes in a dryer and you can

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Speaker 1: hear because there's just one thing, right, the shoes and

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Speaker 1: a dryer, and it's all around in the dryer. But

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Speaker 1: if you put a bunch of towels in there, then

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Speaker 1: it would muffle this sound. So that is why sometimes

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Speaker 1: your proper righimi is louder than other times. It all

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Speaker 1: comes back around the washing machines. It really does. Right.

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Speaker 1: We talked about this last time, about how the salava

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Speaker 1: is essentially a detergent the enzymes in it. All right,

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Speaker 1: gonna take a quick break. We have we have delivered

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Speaker 1: you to the stomach, and there's a lot more to

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Speaker 1: come as we discuss what actually goes on in the stomach.

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Speaker 1: This is kind of the main stage really, so of

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Speaker 1: course we're going to talk some more about the stomach activity,

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Speaker 1: but first a quick break and then we're back. All right,

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Speaker 1: we're back, and we are in the belly of the beast.

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Speaker 1: We are in the belly um And again, I just

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Speaker 1: anytime I think about like stomach activity, I always go

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Speaker 1: back to the movie Interspace, the climactic battle in Martin

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Speaker 1: Short stomach between the the the bad guy inside of

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Speaker 1: a little robot submarine dude, and then the good guy

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Speaker 1: who was who was it, uh, Dennis Quaid, and they're

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Speaker 1: like duking it out, and then the bad guy gets

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Speaker 1: out of his he like his submarine gets partially destroyed,

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Speaker 1: so he's like trying to drill into Dennis quaid submarine

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Speaker 1: and then all the stomach acid comes up and just

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Speaker 1: dissolves him down to a skeleton. There on the on

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Speaker 1: the on the front of the submarine. You know, you

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Speaker 1: have just described really this Steve theory. Yeah, that we'll

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Speaker 1: get to in a moment, and it's about beneficial bacteria

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Speaker 1: and the bad guys and allow the good guys like

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Speaker 1: like Dennis Quaid to potentially continue the journey through the

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Speaker 1: body man. That totally should have been in the paper

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Speaker 1: that was published about Steve theory. Um. But yeah, let's

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Speaker 1: talk about how this PLoP of time enters into the

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Speaker 1: stomach chamber. And there is another set of digestive glands

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Speaker 1: in the stomach lining the first one that we met

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Speaker 1: in the mouth. Right, you've got either saliva there um

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Speaker 1: this next set of digestive glances producing stomach acid and

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Speaker 1: enzymes that further break this stuff down. Yeah, and this

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Speaker 1: is more hardcore for sure. Now I don't know if

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Speaker 1: it's dissolving bodies to skeleton in a matter of seconds. Um. Powerful,

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Speaker 1: Because there's a part in merriy Roaches book Gulp where

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Speaker 1: she actually has some some some stomach acid put on

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Speaker 1: her skin because it wants to feel what it might

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Speaker 1: be like. And it's it's a very it's not an

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Speaker 1: immediate um burning sensation. It doesn't like eat through her

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Speaker 1: arm like xenomorph blood or thing. It's it's it's not

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Speaker 1: at that potent. Now it's potent. It's acid, but but

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Speaker 1: there's nothing just crazy about it. It's not like sulfuric

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Speaker 1: acid or something. Yeah, but it's a It should be

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Speaker 1: noted that the major components of gastard juices are mucus,

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Speaker 1: pepsin and hydrochloric acid. And on the pH scale, humans

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Speaker 1: actually have an acid level of two. Now, the lower

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Speaker 1: the level than the higher that the actual acid um

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Speaker 1: of the stomach. So that's pretty acidic. It's pretty a

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Speaker 1: sitting but not but but again not like crazy sci

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Speaker 1: fi movie acidic necessarily, Yes, you're that's right, that's right,

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Speaker 1: but it does the job. And so it's especially when

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Speaker 1: you come to something like the CV theory, and the

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Speaker 1: idea is that the stomach isn't just there as a

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Speaker 1: holding pattern for your food and to make it a

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Speaker 1: little bit mushier and to get it even more further

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Speaker 1: broken down. Although it does that, the theory is that

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Speaker 1: the stomach is also there to weed out the good

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Speaker 1: microbes versus the bad microbes. And scientific American blogger Rob

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Speaker 1: Dunn actually found an interesting study from nineteen forty eight

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Speaker 1: by Dr Orla Jensen. She was a retired professor from

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Speaker 1: the Royal Danish Technical College, and in the study, or

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Speaker 1: Ly Gensen deposits that the stomach um isn't just that blender,

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Speaker 1: but it really is doing this job of weeding out

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Speaker 1: the bacteria. Because again, as we've discussed in past podcasts,

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Speaker 1: the body is loaded with microbes. We are, it is

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Speaker 1: a big hotel full of things, and and and in

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Speaker 1: the microbe living in my body aren't exactly the same.

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Speaker 1: It's not exactly the same population as you have, as

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Speaker 1: the next person has. But that being said, uh, there's

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Speaker 1: there's some an order here and not everyone that lives

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Speaker 1: on the tenth and eleventh floor are allowed to go

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Speaker 1: up to the penthouse or down to the penthouse in

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Speaker 1: this environment. It's true, it's true. And then you have

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Speaker 1: to consider something like our friend the vulture, which we've

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Speaker 1: talked about before, and it's pH level because we've talked

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Speaker 1: about pathogens like anthrax actually being present in the feces

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Speaker 1: of this bird. In this idea that that stomach acid

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Speaker 1: could actually render it harmless. Yeah, because they're eating some

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Speaker 1: pretty nasty stuff. And and again it's it's all right.

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Speaker 1: It comes into the mouth, find it comes in the

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Speaker 1: esophague is fine. But in the stomach, that's where this

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Speaker 1: is what where it is, that's where it has to

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Speaker 1: be nullified to continue now or le Jansen knew that

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Speaker 1: the human stomach um the pH levels in it, actually

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Speaker 1: increases with age, meaning it becomes less acidic, and she

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Speaker 1: also noted that this effect is really acute in people

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Speaker 1: who are over seventy years of age. So she predicted

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Speaker 1: that the stomach's effectiveness as a killer of bad microbes

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Speaker 1: might be compromised as we get older, and this is

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Speaker 1: one of the reasons that diseases take us over at

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Speaker 1: at older ages, right, So she tested this by culturing

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Speaker 1: bacteria that her and her team had collected from fecal

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Speaker 1: samples of ninety humans, one third of whom we're between

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Speaker 1: the ages of third and forty, and two thirds who

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Speaker 1: were over the age of seventy. They then compare the

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Speaker 1: microbes found in examples from these different age groups. So

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Speaker 1: let me just kind of go through what they found here,

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Speaker 1: because it really is interesting. Nine percent of the individuals

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Speaker 1: over seventy had more than a million cells of bad

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Speaker 1: news clusterythm bacteria program of theces we've talked about that before.

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Speaker 1: That is a real can be a permanent game changer

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Speaker 1: for people in terms of the quality of life and

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Speaker 1: sometimes the length of their life. None of the thirty

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Speaker 1: to four year olds had this. Okay, what was more,

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Speaker 1: a third of the individuals over seventy had more than

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Speaker 1: a billion cells program of feces of the oral bacteria

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Speaker 1: strip to Caccus salivarius, and again none of the thirty

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Speaker 1: to forty year olds did so. Donne says, well, were

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Speaker 1: these pathanogenic in oral bacteria doing well enough to actually

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Speaker 1: compromise the success of good bacteria in the gut? Yes,

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Speaker 1: this is true. It did, while all the thirty to

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Speaker 1: four year olds had at least a million cells of

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Speaker 1: the good bacteria, uh, less than half of the individuals

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Speaker 1: over so, but this is painting. The story is that

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Speaker 1: our health is directly related to the microbes in our gut.

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Speaker 1: In our stomach is maintaining this community of bacteria. The

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Speaker 1: older you get, the less able you are to sort

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Speaker 1: it to see it. And that's where this this idea

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Speaker 1: of microbes seve theory comes into play. That's interesting because

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Speaker 1: essentially the older stomach, uh is is less scrutinizing when

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Speaker 1: it comes to who should be led into the trust

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Speaker 1: zone of the of the intestines and uh and it

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Speaker 1: it kind of parallels these studies you see about how

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Speaker 1: how older individuals are more likely to be taken by

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Speaker 1: a comment because there because it there's a certain amount

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Speaker 1: of trust that's that's greater in so many of these

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Speaker 1: older individuess. You know what's really interesting about that analogy

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Speaker 1: is that the guts of those people who are seventy

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Speaker 1: year olds and had dementia were actually in worse shape

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Speaker 1: than any of the participants. So it's a little bit

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Speaker 1: like you wonder if the if the dementia is at

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Speaker 1: play here in terms of communicating with the body to

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Speaker 1: try to we doubt there's microbes. That's a fascinating idea.

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Speaker 1: I'd never never really thought about that dementia not only

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Speaker 1: of the the conscious mind, but of subconscious processes. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it makes me think again of the bearded one.

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Speaker 1: Are we degray and this ability to get to the

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Speaker 1: disease before it happens? So do we alter our pH

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Speaker 1: levels in our stomach as we get older? Can we

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Speaker 1: do that? Yeah? I say, go for it. That's a

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Speaker 1: good bit of information I think to consider, because again,

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Speaker 1: it's his whole thing is let's figure out. But we

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Speaker 1: can't defeat death itself his self herself. You know, it's

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Speaker 1: it's too intimidating. But if you break it down into

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Speaker 1: a whole list of individual achievable goals, then maybe you

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Speaker 1: can do something right, Like Okay, let's here's the stomach.

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Speaker 1: Let's let's try to battle it this way. Because the

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Speaker 1: idea here is that the human body is like a car,

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Speaker 1: and it has all these parts, certain parts to give

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Speaker 1: out and then the recent point where a whole bunch

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Speaker 1: of parts are giving out and then the thing just

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Speaker 1: falls apart in the highway. But if we can maintain

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Speaker 1: these various parts, then then maybe the car will hold

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Speaker 1: up longer than it has been indeed, And I think

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Speaker 1: that this study that Rob Dunn brought up in the

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Speaker 1: Scientific American article is just really interesting because it's kind

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Speaker 1: of hit its time in it was sort of sitting

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Speaker 1: there and it's an interesting bit of information. But now

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Speaker 1: that we have the understanding that we have of microbes,

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Speaker 1: it's sort of poised to to change the landscape of

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Speaker 1: how we deal with microbes good and bad. Now back

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Speaker 1: to the car analogy for a second. You know, I

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Speaker 1: I do not know much about cars. So when I

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Speaker 1: opened the hood of a car, I look in there

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Speaker 1: and I tend to trust that everything in there is

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Speaker 1: important and that I shouldn't just go in and rip

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Speaker 1: something out and expect the car to work fine. Likewise,

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Speaker 1: I I know a little more about well, I know

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Speaker 1: a bit more about the human body than about the

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Speaker 1: inside of the car. And I still generally ascribe to

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Speaker 1: the notion that if it's in there, it probably needs

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Speaker 1: to be UM and if it doesn't need to be

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Speaker 1: in there any longer than my body may let me

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Speaker 1: know about it. But as we're about to discuss UM,

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Speaker 1: sometimes things things can disappear from the body and and

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Speaker 1: the body will continue to work just fine. And I

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Speaker 1: mean that's a bit of an overstatement of the obvious. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: people UM in many cases have had have lost an

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Speaker 1: organ or two. They've had it replaced with the with

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Speaker 1: an artificial, with a transplant, et cetera. But I really

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Speaker 1: had not thought long and hard about that. The fact

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Speaker 1: that you can remove the stomach from a human being,

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Speaker 1: fix them back up, and the body can more or

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Speaker 1: less adapt just fine, right, which is I think it's

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Speaker 1: surprised because the gut seems so central to the food

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Speaker 1: processing part. Right. But what we have found is that

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Speaker 1: there's something called a gas wrecked on me. And this

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Speaker 1: is a medical procedure that involves surgically removing all a

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Speaker 1: part of the stomach. So if you remove pretty much

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Speaker 1: all the stomach, then you would just really make the

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Speaker 1: cut in the abdomen and then you would reconnect it

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Speaker 1: essentially to the esophagus. So your esophagus and then you're

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Speaker 1: small intestine need each other. Say hello, And as I'm reading,

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Speaker 1: and I should, I should know that. You know, first

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Speaker 1: of all, I don't. I don't have any personal connection

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Speaker 1: anyone who has received this this procedure, and I know

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Speaker 1: from the research that it can it can be a

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Speaker 1: huge adjustment to be to make in your life. Years long, yeah,

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Speaker 1: years long. And it's no you know, it's nothing to

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Speaker 1: nothing to to giggle at, it's nothing to take lightly. Uh.

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Speaker 1: But that being said, the procedure itself, like in a

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Speaker 1: detached way, is is just very fascinating because there's something

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Speaker 1: kind of almost do it yourself issue about the idea

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Speaker 1: of taking something as complex as the human body and

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Speaker 1: saying like, all right, part A connects to part B

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Speaker 1: connects to part C. If I take part B out,

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Speaker 1: can't I just connect A and C and everything will

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Speaker 1: work just fine. And if you you've presented that to me,

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Speaker 1: I would say, god, no, don't, don't connect A and C.

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Speaker 1: But but seeing this and I TA directions. Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: It's like you wouldn't do that with Ikea and expect

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Speaker 1: your bookcase to to hold up. But the body is

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Speaker 1: a surprise, surprise, far more durable than an Ikea bookshelf. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And if you have gastric cancer and you don't have

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Speaker 1: many options in front of you that you're going to

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Speaker 1: opt for the surgery, or if you are someone who

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Speaker 1: tests positive for carrying the e caterine gene, which is

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Speaker 1: a rare gastric cancer, it's a way of heading off

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Speaker 1: the disease at the past, right, Because if you have

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Speaker 1: five people in your family who have this rare type

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Speaker 1: of gastric cancer and you think that and you've tested

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Speaker 1: positive for the gene, you think you might be next, well,

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Speaker 1: then you might take, as you say, things into your

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Speaker 1: own hands and make this decision. Yes, they'll get someone

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Speaker 1: else to do the surgery. Yeah, that part so essentially

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Speaker 1: in the in the case of like a full stomach removal,

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Speaker 1: you're talking about the esophagus being connected directly to the

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Speaker 1: small bowl. So an entire and a shortcut, if you will,

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Speaker 1: an entire road of the highway has been removed and

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Speaker 1: then hooked up right, And it has parallels to gastric

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Speaker 1: bypassed right, which is when you take a bit of

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Speaker 1: the stomach and you tie it off and you make

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Speaker 1: the stomach smaller so that the person is able or

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Speaker 1: not able to digest as much food and therefore lose weight.

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Speaker 1: And it's really something that's very helpful for obesity. But

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Speaker 1: it's the same idea is that you adapt to it

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Speaker 1: and eventually, you know, those teaspoons of food that you

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Speaker 1: have become a little bit fuller. Now, someone who has

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Speaker 1: gastric bypass or I guess rocktomy, they're not necessarily gonna

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Speaker 1: be able to eat like, you know, a whole pizza. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's gonna it's my understanding, It's gonna be a lot

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Speaker 1: more like smaller meals as throughout the day. But the

401
00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:42,640
Speaker 1: body is gonna adapt and be able to absorb nutrients

402
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Speaker 1: pretty steadily. The about the only the only thing that's

403
00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:48,520
Speaker 1: only stand out, um here is is when it comes

404
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Speaker 1: to be twelve. The stomach controls the absorption of vitamin

405
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Speaker 1: B twelve, so regular injections of that particular vitamin are

406
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Speaker 1: are going to be necessary. And then there's a question too,

407
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Speaker 1: I suppose, um, longer down the road is what what

408
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Speaker 1: does your microbe colony look like with the absence of

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Speaker 1: the stomach doing the sorting? How much of that matters

410
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Speaker 1: before it actually gets to the true digestive process and

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00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:14,760
Speaker 1: the small intestines and the large intestine. Now, of course

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Speaker 1: you your diet's gonna change also in other ways. For instance, Um,

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Speaker 1: you know you're gonna eat most normal foods, but there

414
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Speaker 1: are some things like like sweet corn, for instance, they

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Speaker 1: need additional softening by acids in the stomach, and you

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Speaker 1: know it's leant. Know, even that's not necessarily enough to

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Speaker 1: get the job done. So if you have had your

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Speaker 1: stomach removed, you may need to skip those particular foods. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And then this was extra fascinating as well. Um read

420
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Speaker 1: the end time pouch actually forms in the small intestines,

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Speaker 1: that is essentially for food storage. A little longer as

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Speaker 1: it continues on this journey. So isn't it amazing? So

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Speaker 1: it creates it still creates a little refrigerator in there

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Speaker 1: to try to store your food. It's almost like your

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Speaker 1: body saying, oh, I see what you did there here,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna just put some extra room here. Can you

427
00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:01,639
Speaker 1: a mini fridge? Yeah? Yeah, So it's again, it's just

428
00:23:01,840 --> 00:23:04,720
Speaker 1: it's a testament to the durability of the human body

429
00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:09,440
Speaker 1: and uh and its ability to cope with really catastrophic

430
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:13,320
Speaker 1: changes to its to its systems. So we we were

431
00:23:13,320 --> 00:23:17,439
Speaker 1: hearing about the stomach and how wondrous it is, and

432
00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:21,320
Speaker 1: then you start to think about hydrochloric acid, yes, and

433
00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:25,439
Speaker 1: all of these wonderful ingredients that are corrosive. Right, So

434
00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:27,480
Speaker 1: the question, of course that comes up, and that was

435
00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:30,159
Speaker 1: covered in gulp by Mary Roaches. Well, why doesn't the

436
00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:34,240
Speaker 1: stomach digest itself anyway? It's got all the ingredients right,

437
00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:39,359
Speaker 1: Yes it does. And as a stomach versus stomach, what's happening? Well,

438
00:23:40,280 --> 00:23:42,720
Speaker 1: as she as she I believe pointed out in our interview,

439
00:23:43,040 --> 00:23:46,120
Speaker 1: the thing is that your your stomach is digesting itself

440
00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:48,520
Speaker 1: to a certain extent, like it's not like you oh,

441
00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:51,520
Speaker 1: here's your You know, your stomach is constantly reconstituting itself.

442
00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:54,680
Speaker 1: It's constantly rebuilding itself, just like our bodies are constantly

443
00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:57,679
Speaker 1: wearing away and rebuilding. That's right, dead cells or replace

444
00:23:57,720 --> 00:23:59,240
Speaker 1: by new cells. Yeah. Yeah, every time you go at

445
00:23:59,240 --> 00:24:01,240
Speaker 1: the grocery store, as I said before, you were buying

446
00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:05,000
Speaker 1: the things you're gonna build your new body out of. So, yes,

447
00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:07,360
Speaker 1: the the the acid and the stomach is breaking down

448
00:24:07,359 --> 00:24:09,720
Speaker 1: the lining, but then it is it is building back up.

449
00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:13,560
Speaker 1: And as as Meritork points ouer book, what happens when

450
00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:17,560
Speaker 1: everything shuts down, well, then the stomach does digest itself

451
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:20,479
Speaker 1: with it well, and that's that's the only time truly

452
00:24:20,520 --> 00:24:22,960
Speaker 1: that the stomach would digest itself. Right. So, if you

453
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,560
Speaker 1: were eating that hag us, right, and the body shut

454
00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:30,879
Speaker 1: itself down, and it also shut down this ability to

455
00:24:31,119 --> 00:24:34,800
Speaker 1: line the cells of the stomach with mucus, which is

456
00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:38,919
Speaker 1: protecting the stomach from the acid, that function stops. But

457
00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:41,359
Speaker 1: the acid is still there, right, the pH level is

458
00:24:41,359 --> 00:24:43,840
Speaker 1: still there, the hags is there. It's just gonna keep

459
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:45,879
Speaker 1: doing it, gonna continue to eat the haggas it's in

460
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:48,719
Speaker 1: and it's gonna continue to eat the stomach lining without

461
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,760
Speaker 1: it being built back up again, about any kind of

462
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:53,920
Speaker 1: renewal going on. So that's cheery. Yeah, but I mean really,

463
00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:57,080
Speaker 1: I mean once the body shuts down, everything's going to

464
00:24:57,119 --> 00:25:00,000
Speaker 1: pot anyway. So that's true. So what else you got?

465
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,480
Speaker 1: What else you got on the stomach? I mean, clearly

466
00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:04,960
Speaker 1: there's there's a lot. We could probably go all day

467
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:09,040
Speaker 1: with various tidbits. Well, you're probably wondering what foods that

468
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,080
Speaker 1: I eat on a regular basis turn into poop at

469
00:25:12,119 --> 00:25:14,880
Speaker 1: what rate? Yeah? Right? Because you want it to turn

470
00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,239
Speaker 1: into poop because if you you know, you don't want

471
00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:19,760
Speaker 1: to see the meal come out as it was because

472
00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:22,040
Speaker 1: it's a bad sign. No, Yeah, that really is a

473
00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:24,000
Speaker 1: bad sign. Yeah. And and it ultimately means you didn't

474
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,080
Speaker 1: get your money's worth out of the food. We should

475
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:28,439
Speaker 1: take that back to the restaurant. Yeah, get a refund.

476
00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:31,160
Speaker 1: Get a refund and all undigested portions of the meal.

477
00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,239
Speaker 1: All right. I crib this from how digestion Works on

478
00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:38,640
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com and bananas four hours four

479
00:25:38,680 --> 00:25:43,280
Speaker 1: hours four minus t to poop time and bowl of

480
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:48,800
Speaker 1: cereal again four hours, hot dog only seven hours, red

481
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:52,199
Speaker 1: meat twelve hours, and trick question, gum, what do you

482
00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:54,879
Speaker 1: think it is? Um? I heard that it lasts forever

483
00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:57,920
Speaker 1: inside you in a ball of accumulating gum. That's right.

484
00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:01,879
Speaker 1: It's never really yeah, well not not not accumulating. It

485
00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:04,240
Speaker 1: just doesn't get digested. It just kind of it just

486
00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:06,320
Speaker 1: comes out with the rest of that stuff. So, yeah,

487
00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:08,239
Speaker 1: I don't follow your com there's just no I mean,

488
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:10,400
Speaker 1: they'll fit it somewhere. But and I was gonna say,

489
00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:12,560
Speaker 1: you could say that the kids as as a way

490
00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:14,879
Speaker 1: to deter them from it, but then they'll just be like,

491
00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:17,399
Speaker 1: that's so cool. I would love to see that come out. Hoop.

492
00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:22,320
Speaker 1: That's right. They love So there's a scoop on the poop.

493
00:26:22,520 --> 00:26:26,560
Speaker 1: Scoop on the poop. Yeah, Now, Mary roaches book Gold.

494
00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:28,560
Speaker 1: It spends a lot of time with the stomach, and

495
00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:30,960
Speaker 1: there are a number of tidbits. One of the ones

496
00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:33,080
Speaker 1: that that that I keep coming back to, and I'm

497
00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:36,160
Speaker 1: probably stealing from the podcast we're gonna record next, but

498
00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:40,520
Speaker 1: they are regurgitation artists who would swallow a live frog

499
00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:44,560
Speaker 1: with a certain amount of water and then uh, you know,

500
00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:47,280
Speaker 1: within the right before the act, right before they went

501
00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:49,840
Speaker 1: on stage, and then when they're when they're on stage,

502
00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:53,560
Speaker 1: they they make themselves throw up and will and behold

503
00:26:53,560 --> 00:26:55,679
Speaker 1: outcomes a bunch of water and a live frog. I

504
00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:59,000
Speaker 1: found that amazing because the frog breathe through its skin

505
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,240
Speaker 1: if it didn't breathe through the water. So you're you're

506
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:06,320
Speaker 1: you're giving it just enough survival equipment to last a

507
00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:10,160
Speaker 1: little bit inside the stomach. So there you go. Uh, kids,

508
00:27:10,160 --> 00:27:12,760
Speaker 1: don't try that home. I don't try that. Adults. There's

509
00:27:12,760 --> 00:27:16,200
Speaker 1: your next cocktail party trick. Yes, let's start with the

510
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,120
Speaker 1: smallest frog you know, that's sensible, but not one that's

511
00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:21,400
Speaker 1: brightly colored. Yes, don't don't go for the bright No,

512
00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:26,080
Speaker 1: not the talibus. That's probably a most potently poisonous frog

513
00:27:26,119 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 1: out there. All right, Well, on that note, let's call

514
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:31,919
Speaker 1: over the robot and get a little bit of listener now,

515
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:35,919
Speaker 1: all right, this one comes to us from Michael. Michael

516
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:37,960
Speaker 1: right soon and says, I was just listening to the

517
00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:40,639
Speaker 1: Lucid Dreaming episode and Robert mentioned that he had dreamed

518
00:27:40,720 --> 00:27:43,680
Speaker 1: up a really cool game. He's referring to the fact

519
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,680
Speaker 1: that I've had a dream in which I was playing

520
00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:50,040
Speaker 1: a card game that did not exist. Um, And he says,

521
00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:51,960
Speaker 1: I was wondering if you had ever heard of game Craft.

522
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:54,399
Speaker 1: It is a print on demand service for board games,

523
00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:57,560
Speaker 1: so you could have them made up for you. There

524
00:27:57,560 --> 00:27:59,840
Speaker 1: you go, and and he adds Anyway, I'm a pretty

525
00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:01,760
Speaker 1: new fan of the show, and I've been listening to

526
00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:04,280
Speaker 1: the episodes this past week. I love it because it

527
00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:06,639
Speaker 1: has the fun of chatting with friends in the middle

528
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:09,399
Speaker 1: of the night, with the added bonus that you guys

529
00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:12,560
Speaker 1: really know what you're talking about. Thanks Michael. He doesn't

530
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:14,200
Speaker 1: even know. That's so cool. He doesn't even know that

531
00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:16,400
Speaker 1: we do this in a tent with a flashlight. Yeah,

532
00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:18,960
Speaker 1: but no, No, I love what he's he's saying there

533
00:28:18,960 --> 00:28:21,160
Speaker 1: because it does like some of the topics we cover,

534
00:28:21,359 --> 00:28:24,040
Speaker 1: and you know, it reminds me of of like being

535
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: in middle school and younger going to Scout camp and

536
00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:30,200
Speaker 1: you know, we're sitting there in our tents, it's night,

537
00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:34,719
Speaker 1: the lights are out, and we're talking about like the cosmos,

538
00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:36,800
Speaker 1: are talking about something, you know, getting into that sort

539
00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:41,640
Speaker 1: of middle school area of you know, cosmology and psychology

540
00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:44,680
Speaker 1: and philosophy, you know, ultimately like going up to the

541
00:28:44,840 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 1: edge of human understanding as we perceived it in those

542
00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:51,240
Speaker 1: days and trying to figure out what exists beyond us

543
00:28:51,360 --> 00:28:55,200
Speaker 1: and then all of a sudden, you hear me exactly,

544
00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:58,720
Speaker 1: so cool. Thanks for sharing that. Michael um Well out

545
00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:02,080
Speaker 1: in another one here from the about the basket. Oh

546
00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:04,520
Speaker 1: he has a basket now, but today he has a basket.

547
00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:06,640
Speaker 1: I mean, I don't know what's going on there, if

548
00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:09,720
Speaker 1: something's broken or nobody's just being silent. I think he

549
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:13,960
Speaker 1: he wove that basket. Yeah, yeah, it's it's very very seasonal.

550
00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:16,560
Speaker 1: All right. We heard from Jared Jared Writson and says,

551
00:29:16,640 --> 00:29:19,280
Speaker 1: I'm listening to your podcast on multitasking, and I always

552
00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:22,600
Speaker 1: thought that drummers were multitasking as they played, playing four

553
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,520
Speaker 1: different beats at the same time and making them all

554
00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:27,760
Speaker 1: sound good together while keeping a steady time signature and

555
00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:30,560
Speaker 1: making sure you're playing along with other members in the band.

556
00:29:30,600 --> 00:29:33,480
Speaker 1: Seems like doing multiple things at once. Would you say

557
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:35,959
Speaker 1: that it's more likely that drummers are really good at

558
00:29:35,960 --> 00:29:38,920
Speaker 1: switching focus quickly and relying on muscle memory for the

559
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:41,960
Speaker 1: rest um. I've also read that playing a drum set

560
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,200
Speaker 1: forces you to use both hemispheres of your brain at

561
00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:47,160
Speaker 1: the same time. Any feedback you have would be greatly appreciated.

562
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:49,480
Speaker 1: I've always been extremely curious about what happens in the

563
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:52,280
Speaker 1: brain during this particular task, because not only is it

564
00:29:52,520 --> 00:29:54,400
Speaker 1: is it a lot of fun, great cardio and a

565
00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:57,600
Speaker 1: great attractor of the of the female persuasion, but it's

566
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,720
Speaker 1: it really has been therapeutic through out some of the

567
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,280
Speaker 1: more stressful times in my life. Thanks Jared. Well, that's

568
00:30:04,280 --> 00:30:08,480
Speaker 1: an interesting thought. They about drummers as multitaskers. I'm sure

569
00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:11,160
Speaker 1: we have some some other drummers out there are listening,

570
00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:13,920
Speaker 1: so I would love to hear um hear their feedback

571
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:15,760
Speaker 1: on it, because yeah, there's a there's a lot going on,

572
00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,400
Speaker 1: especially when you look at the big like crazy drum

573
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:20,640
Speaker 1: sets where there's just you know, there's like a gong

574
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:24,280
Speaker 1: and there, you know, all sorts of stuff going on there. Now,

575
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,280
Speaker 1: my brothers in a band and he says he claims

576
00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:32,520
Speaker 1: that all drummers are eccentrics and extroverts. Now, it was

577
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:36,960
Speaker 1: totally unscientific in the back, yes, right, an anecdotal. Well, yeah,

578
00:30:36,960 --> 00:30:38,800
Speaker 1: but there's a lot of flair going on with the sticks.

579
00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:41,440
Speaker 1: There is. There's a lot of a lot of movement,

580
00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:43,160
Speaker 1: a lot of just you know, waving your hands about.

581
00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:44,640
Speaker 1: And you you do think about some of the more

582
00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:47,040
Speaker 1: famous drummers, and they do kind of seem like wild

583
00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:50,000
Speaker 1: men larger than life. You know, Nick Fleetwood comes to mind,

584
00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:53,120
Speaker 1: is you know just you know Tommy Lee. Yeah, I

585
00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:56,880
Speaker 1: had to say a name like that. Uh So, anyway,

586
00:30:57,320 --> 00:30:59,520
Speaker 1: any drummers out there, please let us know if that

587
00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:04,640
Speaker 1: is true or not, although it still remains anecdotal unscientific. Well,

588
00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:06,360
Speaker 1: here's another one that someone comes to us from Eric

589
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,080
Speaker 1: and uh he is responding to our episode on objects

590
00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:12,680
Speaker 1: and our love of objects and lucky charms and whatnot,

591
00:31:12,840 --> 00:31:15,280
Speaker 1: and he says, I love the Lucky Charms podcast. When

592
00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,080
Speaker 1: I was in high school, a basketball player got into

593
00:31:18,120 --> 00:31:20,240
Speaker 1: his head that his socks were lucky. He refused to

594
00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:21,800
Speaker 1: watch them, and by the end of the season they

595
00:31:21,800 --> 00:31:25,400
Speaker 1: were very rancid. With his help, the team made the

596
00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:28,400
Speaker 1: state championships. I don't know if it was in a

597
00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:30,520
Speaker 1: playoff game or the last game of the season, but

598
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:33,680
Speaker 1: near the end he developed a blister his dirty socks.

599
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:37,440
Speaker 1: The blister festered and he developed blood poisoning. He spent

600
00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:40,200
Speaker 1: the championship game in the hospital near death, and with

601
00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:44,320
Speaker 1: the doctor's arguing whether to amputate or not. He did

602
00:31:44,400 --> 00:31:46,880
Speaker 1: keep his leg and made a full recovery fortunately, but

603
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:50,000
Speaker 1: he missed the big game. After that, the coach forced

604
00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:53,680
Speaker 1: all the boys to wash their socks. Wow, that's a

605
00:31:53,800 --> 00:31:56,440
Speaker 1: dark turn for the lucky socks there. I wonder if

606
00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:58,400
Speaker 1: they were destroyed, if they were or they were like

607
00:31:58,440 --> 00:32:01,280
Speaker 1: put away like in that name storage facility where they

608
00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:03,040
Speaker 1: put the ark of the Covenant, you know, like it's

609
00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:06,920
Speaker 1: a potent lucky charm, but it's too dangerous for human use,

610
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,160
Speaker 1: right And if it were to be excavated and the

611
00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:13,920
Speaker 1: container opened, then all like high school basketball teams would

612
00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:18,040
Speaker 1: suddenly fail. Yeah, like the reek of the sock would emanate.

613
00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:20,480
Speaker 1: All right, Well, if the rest of you have something

614
00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:24,040
Speaker 1: you would like to add about rancid socks, about lucky charms,

615
00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:27,080
Speaker 1: about drummers who are multitasking, or more to the point

616
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:31,360
Speaker 1: of this podcast, about the stomach, about the esophagus. Do

617
00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:36,200
Speaker 1: you have any crazy tales of loud what is it?

618
00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:41,360
Speaker 1: Burber GiB If you have stories of this and uh

619
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:43,520
Speaker 1: and in times when your stomach has been talking to

620
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:45,720
Speaker 1: you when you would rather it remain silent, we would

621
00:32:45,760 --> 00:32:47,600
Speaker 1: love to hear about it. And certainly, if anyone has

622
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:51,400
Speaker 1: experience with gastric bypass or or any type of stomach

623
00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:54,959
Speaker 1: surgery and would like to share that either credited or anonymously,

624
00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:56,239
Speaker 1: or if you just want to share it with us

625
00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:57,960
Speaker 1: and just you know, tell us, don't you know, read

626
00:32:58,000 --> 00:32:59,720
Speaker 1: it on the air or whatever. We we'd love to

627
00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:02,080
Speaker 1: hear your perspective on all of this because, like I said,

628
00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:05,160
Speaker 1: it's fascinating for us, but it's always interesting to hear

629
00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:07,120
Speaker 1: what you guys and gals have to share about your

630
00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:10,320
Speaker 1: personal experiences with the things we talk about. So you

631
00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:11,800
Speaker 1: want to get in touch with us, well, there are

632
00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:13,920
Speaker 1: many ways to do it. You can find us on Facebook,

633
00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,400
Speaker 1: you can find us on tumbler. We are stuff to

634
00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:18,720
Speaker 1: Blow your Mind on both of those. Um we have

635
00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:22,160
Speaker 1: a Twitter account, blow the Mind uh, and also you

636
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,840
Speaker 1: can find us at our very own website www. Dot

637
00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:28,760
Speaker 1: stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. That's right where

638
00:33:28,800 --> 00:33:32,720
Speaker 1: we are also putting out some videos on some related topics,

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00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:35,160
Speaker 1: so check that out and you can always send us

640
00:33:35,160 --> 00:33:43,080
Speaker 1: a line at blow the Mind at discovery dot com

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Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Because

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Speaker 1: it how stuff works. Dot com