1 00:00:01,920 --> 00:00:05,520 Speaker 1: You're listening to Law and Order Criminal Justice System, a 2 00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:09,000 Speaker 1: production of Wolf Entertainment and iHeart podcasts. 3 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:16,720 Speaker 2: In the criminal justice System, landmark trials transcend the courtroom 4 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 2: to reshape the law. The brave many women who investigate 5 00:00:20,200 --> 00:00:23,080 Speaker 2: and prosecute these cases are part of a select group 6 00:00:23,160 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 2: that has defined American history. These are their stories. February 7 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:38,559 Speaker 2: twenty sixth, nineteen ninety three, twelve eighteen pm, New York City. 8 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:43,120 Speaker 1: In the shadows beneath the World Trade Center, the attackers 9 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:47,400 Speaker 1: pulled into the underground garage and stepped out with quiet precision. 10 00:00:48,200 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: They moved quickly, without drawing attention. Their device was already assembled. 11 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:59,880 Speaker 3: Haledda'side is the primary explosive, very sensitive, used in a 12 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:05,000 Speaker 3: detonator to begin that process, functioning magnesium. There were putting 13 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:09,000 Speaker 3: some metal in with their explosives to make it a hotter, faster, 14 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:10,920 Speaker 3: more energetic material. 15 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,720 Speaker 1: The mechanism was crude but carefully built. It didn't need 16 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:19,039 Speaker 1: electronics or circuitry. It only needed to buy them a 17 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 1: head start and delay what was coming just long enough. 18 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:26,880 Speaker 3: The timing mechanism was a burning link of green hobby fuse. 19 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:29,959 Speaker 3: They kind you'd find on an me eight firecracker that 20 00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:33,679 Speaker 3: would burn about twenty seconds per foot inside of a 21 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 3: tigon tubing. It's like clear garden hose, so people wouldn't 22 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,120 Speaker 3: see smoke inside of that van if they walked by 23 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:40,640 Speaker 3: the window. 24 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,200 Speaker 1: There was no turning back. The van sacked quietly in 25 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:51,360 Speaker 1: the garage, disguised as ordinary, hiding everything inside. The men 26 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 1: turned and walked away. 27 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,960 Speaker 3: They dropped that van off, and they actually had another 28 00:01:57,040 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 3: vehicle in there with them that would pick up the 29 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:00,920 Speaker 3: driver and take them out. 30 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:07,480 Speaker 1: They were almost free, the plan unfolding exactly as they rehearsed, 31 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: until they. 32 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:11,520 Speaker 3: Got halfway up the ramp and there was a car 33 00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 3: stalled in front of them. 34 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:17,800 Speaker 1: For a moment, they were trapped. The exit was in sight, 35 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:22,000 Speaker 1: but the path was blocked. Every second felt heavier than 36 00:02:22,040 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: the last. 37 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:26,080 Speaker 3: They looked at their watches and they figured they didn't 38 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:27,880 Speaker 3: have a lot more time to get out of there. 39 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: The fuse was burning and there was no time to hesitate. 40 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:36,560 Speaker 1: When the stalled car finally moved, they didn't wait. They 41 00:02:36,680 --> 00:02:37,360 Speaker 1: hit the gaps. 42 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:42,160 Speaker 3: They just cleared the ramp when the detonation occurred. 43 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:54,680 Speaker 4: I got a call get out to the Guardia Airport. 44 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:55,600 Speaker 4: There's been a bombing. 45 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:57,840 Speaker 3: There was a thirty two foot crater in front of 46 00:02:57,880 --> 00:02:58,920 Speaker 3: what was left of the building. 47 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:00,680 Speaker 1: I was trying to figure out, am I dead? Am 48 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:01,160 Speaker 1: I alive? 49 00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:02,440 Speaker 5: Where am I? 50 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:03,919 Speaker 1: I'm Anisega Nicolazzi. 51 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:07,400 Speaker 5: That's why terrorism works. It doesn't care who you are. 52 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: From Wolf Entertainment and iHeart Podcasts. This is law and 53 00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: order criminal justice system. On a cold Friday afternoon in 54 00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:26,920 Speaker 1: nineteen ninety three, a cargo van packed with explosives tore 55 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:31,600 Speaker 1: through the foundations of the World Trade Center. Terrorists didn't 56 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 1: bring the towers down, but they came close. Six people 57 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 1: were killed, among them a woman and her unborn child. 58 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:44,000 Speaker 1: She was just about to go on maternity leave. More 59 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: than a thousand were wounded in the aftermath. There was 60 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:54,320 Speaker 1: pandemonium and grief, but there was also resolve to rebuild 61 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 1: and for accountability, starting with identifying and then tracking down 62 00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: the responsible for the destruction one by one across oceans, 63 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: safe houses and bomb stained garages. Investigators read fragments like fingerprints. 64 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:17,200 Speaker 1: They chased shadows through phone calls and chemical residue. While 65 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:19,719 Speaker 1: smoke was still pouring from the base of the World 66 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:23,960 Speaker 1: Trade Center. A young federal prosecutor at the US Attorney's 67 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:27,520 Speaker 1: office in Lower Manhattan, Gil Childers got a knock on his. 68 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:31,920 Speaker 5: Door February six, ninety three, the day that bombing took 69 00:04:31,960 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 5: place at the World Trade Center. Roger came into my office. 70 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:37,920 Speaker 5: He said, you heard about something going on over the 71 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 5: Trade Center. I said, yeah, I heard some sort of 72 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:44,760 Speaker 5: transformer fire or explosion or something. He said, yeah, maybe 73 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 5: the Bureau thinks it might be something else, but whatever 74 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:51,360 Speaker 5: it is, it's yours. So I called over to the Bureau, 75 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,040 Speaker 5: made contact and said, look, I'm the guy if you 76 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 5: need anything. 77 00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:59,040 Speaker 1: Roger, one of Gill's supervisors at the time, was bringing 78 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:02,440 Speaker 1: him in early. And as you might recall from season one, 79 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,920 Speaker 1: Gil was one of the cool headed prosecutors who helped 80 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: take down the mob with the Commission case, and now 81 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:12,960 Speaker 1: a few years later, his career path was about to 82 00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:14,479 Speaker 1: take another sharp turn. 83 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:18,640 Speaker 5: That evening, I got a call, said, all right, I'll 84 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:21,279 Speaker 5: come into your office tomorrow morning. Went over to twenty 85 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:25,039 Speaker 5: six Federal Plaza where the FBI was. They said, clearly 86 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:28,400 Speaker 5: was not transformed. There's nothing anywhere near where the explosion 87 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:31,919 Speaker 5: took place that could explode or should explode, and we 88 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:34,200 Speaker 5: think it was a car bomb. All of a sudden, 89 00:05:34,480 --> 00:05:35,680 Speaker 5: things got very active. 90 00:05:36,839 --> 00:05:39,839 Speaker 1: But even then Gil had no idea what he was 91 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:40,279 Speaker 1: in for. 92 00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:45,000 Speaker 5: Quite honestly, my thoughts were, Okay, fine, this is my case, 93 00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:47,680 Speaker 5: but what are the odds of it ever becoming a 94 00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:52,000 Speaker 5: prosecution as opposed to a twenty year investigation and never 95 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:56,000 Speaker 5: getting a body to prosecute. So I thought, it'll just 96 00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:58,719 Speaker 5: be something that'll be in the back burner of my 97 00:05:58,800 --> 00:06:02,440 Speaker 5: career for however long i'm a prosecutor, but never really 98 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:03,080 Speaker 5: do anything. 99 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,200 Speaker 1: Come Monday morning, barely two days later, it was no 100 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:10,800 Speaker 1: longer just a crime. It was a case. 101 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:15,679 Speaker 5: I spent the next two nights in the FBI sleeping 102 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:20,360 Speaker 5: on a couch, and we ultimately figured out at least 103 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 5: one suspect, and within a few days had search warrants 104 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:28,280 Speaker 5: being executed and an arrest, and within a couple of 105 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:32,160 Speaker 5: days I'm in court doing an arraignment. So it all 106 00:06:32,200 --> 00:06:35,839 Speaker 5: happened extremely quickly, which is really the subtext for this 107 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:36,599 Speaker 5: entire case. 108 00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:41,160 Speaker 1: And this type of case hadn't exactly been in Gill's wheelhouse. 109 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:46,960 Speaker 1: So at this point, how many cases involving terrorism had 110 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:47,719 Speaker 1: you ever handled? 111 00:06:48,320 --> 00:06:50,119 Speaker 5: Let me think that would be zero. 112 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:56,960 Speaker 1: I knew that answer a massive bombing was now speeding 113 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:01,479 Speaker 1: toward trial and gil. While an experience, Marian's prosecutor had 114 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,719 Speaker 1: never handled a case like this before, yet he was 115 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:08,000 Speaker 1: the one in charge of the case that would redefine 116 00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:14,600 Speaker 1: how America responded to terrorism. Just six days after the bombing, 117 00:07:15,040 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: investigators were already hot on the trail of those responsible 118 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:22,600 Speaker 1: for the attack. And it all began with a fragment 119 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:26,840 Speaker 1: of steel pulled from the wreckage. Seventeen characters that would 120 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: change everything. A bin number etched into the cargo van 121 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:32,000 Speaker 1: that carried the bomb. 122 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:36,000 Speaker 5: They traced the van to Ford. Who'd you sell it to? 123 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 5: We saw to the writer rental company, the contact writer. 124 00:07:40,200 --> 00:07:42,960 Speaker 5: Where was this truck? It was last rented out of 125 00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:46,280 Speaker 5: Jersey City just a few days before the bombing, and 126 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:48,600 Speaker 5: this is the guy who rented the van. 127 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: The name on the contract was listed as Mohammed Salome 128 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:57,200 Speaker 1: and due to a stroke of pure luck, the FBI 129 00:07:57,480 --> 00:07:59,760 Speaker 1: didn't have to go far to find him. 130 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:03,360 Speaker 5: We were looking at Solomon and tracing him and then 131 00:08:03,480 --> 00:08:07,640 Speaker 5: we get a call from the writer agency in Jersey 132 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:10,560 Speaker 5: City that says, Hey, the guy that rented that truck 133 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:13,400 Speaker 5: just called and he wants to come back and get 134 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 5: his deposit. 135 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:17,560 Speaker 1: A sting operation was quickly set in motion. 136 00:08:18,680 --> 00:08:21,840 Speaker 5: They put an FBI agent working the counter so when 137 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:24,560 Speaker 5: he came in, the FBI agent could ask him questions. 138 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:29,560 Speaker 1: Former FBI agent Jim Maxwell remembers what happened next. 139 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:32,840 Speaker 6: He physically came by the store to pick up his 140 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:36,200 Speaker 6: four hundred dollars deposit and was quickly arrested. 141 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:42,599 Speaker 1: As a result, it gave investigators exactly what they needed Once. 142 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 5: We had him arrested. That moved the investigation outward and 143 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:50,000 Speaker 5: gave us more information about exactly who he had been 144 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:51,040 Speaker 5: associating with. 145 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 6: That one piece of evidence really broke the whole case open. 146 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,440 Speaker 1: By then, the FBI was already analyzing phone records and 147 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:05,200 Speaker 1: surveillance leads. One call was traced to someone within a 148 00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:06,240 Speaker 1: major tech company. 149 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:11,080 Speaker 5: That was Nadal Ayod, who was a chemical engineer for 150 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:16,080 Speaker 5: Allied Signal. Allied Signal it's a huge, huge company, a 151 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:18,720 Speaker 5: big time government defense contractor. 152 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:23,160 Speaker 1: Nidal Ayod was just twenty five years old and had 153 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:24,960 Speaker 1: the resume of a success story. 154 00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:29,719 Speaker 4: Iod hardly fits the standard description of someone both deranged 155 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 4: and determined. He graduated with honors from Rutgers in ninety 156 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:35,880 Speaker 4: one with a degree in chemical engineering. 157 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:38,880 Speaker 5: He was sort of living in the American dream. He 158 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:42,160 Speaker 5: was from Jordan At County, United States. He married a 159 00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:45,000 Speaker 5: Jordanian woman that came here. He had just had a 160 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,520 Speaker 5: baby and he got mixed up in this. 161 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:52,760 Speaker 1: Agents confirmed his identity, mapped his movements, and planned the 162 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:55,000 Speaker 1: takedown in Maplewood. 163 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:58,439 Speaker 4: Neighbors said they didn't know him, but that Iodd's apartment 164 00:09:58,559 --> 00:10:00,960 Speaker 4: was a revolving door faceless people. 165 00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:04,200 Speaker 5: The next week we made the second arrest. 166 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:08,960 Speaker 1: Iad was apprehended in his bedroom. Jim was outside. 167 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:12,840 Speaker 6: My job was to secure the back door of the 168 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:17,880 Speaker 6: residence and not to let anyone exit. We deployed using 169 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 6: two vans, and the first van was the team that 170 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:22,679 Speaker 6: was going to breach the front door. 171 00:10:23,880 --> 00:10:27,720 Speaker 1: Five to seven people perteen each with a task the 172 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,080 Speaker 1: objective take ayot alive. 173 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:33,959 Speaker 6: I made my way down the side of the house. 174 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:38,479 Speaker 1: Once Jim was halfway down the side of the house, 175 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 1: something caught his eye. 176 00:10:40,480 --> 00:10:42,640 Speaker 6: I looked at my right and there was a panel 177 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:43,920 Speaker 6: truck parked in the backyard. 178 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 1: His heart began to pound. 179 00:10:47,520 --> 00:10:50,000 Speaker 6: Going through my mind, I said, well, we're working in 180 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 6: an investigation that has to do with a bomb that 181 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:55,920 Speaker 6: was placed inside a panel truck my running by another 182 00:10:56,040 --> 00:10:59,280 Speaker 6: bomb here, but luckily it turned out to be empty, 183 00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:04,200 Speaker 6: and one of the male relatives of Vyad was trying 184 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:06,000 Speaker 6: to exit out of the back door, and we took 185 00:11:06,080 --> 00:11:07,960 Speaker 6: him temporarily into custody. 186 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:14,640 Speaker 1: At that moment, with Salome and iodding custody, investigators began 187 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:18,720 Speaker 1: mapping the structure of the broader network film logs, rental records, 188 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:21,199 Speaker 1: and surveillance photos. 189 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 5: And this started dovetailing into a spider web of individuals 190 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 5: to look at. We started writing search warrants on apartments 191 00:11:30,760 --> 00:11:33,560 Speaker 5: pretty much all of which happened to be in Jersey City, 192 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:39,120 Speaker 5: and we started tracing where Salome had lived over the 193 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 5: course of the last year or so. The joint Toewsian 194 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:46,960 Speaker 5: Task Force was then going through all of their surveillance 195 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:50,080 Speaker 5: notes trying to find and he mentioned of Salome and 196 00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:51,880 Speaker 5: who he was with or whenever he was seen. 197 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: Then came the lead that brought them to the heart 198 00:11:55,679 --> 00:11:56,520 Speaker 1: of the operation. 199 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:01,640 Speaker 5: It was a garage apartment behind a building in Jersey 200 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:04,600 Speaker 5: City where the construction of the bomb actually took place. 201 00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:10,480 Speaker 1: The address was a forty Pamrapo Avenue, a standalone building 202 00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:15,040 Speaker 1: turned bomb factory, where agents Jim Maxwell and Dave Williams 203 00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:19,800 Speaker 1: found chemical burns on the ceiling, scorched walls, and leftover ingredients, 204 00:12:20,320 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 1: namely uria nitrate. 205 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:26,959 Speaker 3: Which was in fact the main charge in the explosive device. 206 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:31,320 Speaker 6: If viviben around that it has a very caustic, nauseous 207 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 6: type smell. 208 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:36,600 Speaker 3: No one was commercially producing urea nitrate, so this is 209 00:12:36,960 --> 00:12:37,520 Speaker 3: one of the. 210 00:12:37,480 --> 00:12:41,960 Speaker 1: First Initially, no one could explain how they got their 211 00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:45,320 Speaker 1: hands on it, but investigators soon got their answer. 212 00:12:46,880 --> 00:12:50,160 Speaker 3: Followed by the name of Abu Nidal was a chemist 213 00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:54,640 Speaker 3: at a place in New Jersey that came from Afghanistan, 214 00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 3: was placed in Rutgers University and upon graduation he got 215 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:03,160 Speaker 3: this job at this chemical plant. He ordered the chemicals 216 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 3: that they needed. 217 00:13:04,840 --> 00:13:06,400 Speaker 1: Then came the cooks. 218 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:09,839 Speaker 3: Ramsey Yosis had the recipe on how to do it, 219 00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:13,640 Speaker 3: and then you had the humps Mohammed Salomi and Mahunabulima, 220 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 3: who were actually doing the mixing. 221 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:21,119 Speaker 1: Inside the apartment, agents saw clear signs of crude chemistry, 222 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:25,600 Speaker 1: stained walls, yellowed newspapers and buckets used for mixing. 223 00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:30,640 Speaker 3: They used newspaper to filter it, and as the nitric 224 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:35,320 Speaker 3: acid filtered through the newspaper turns the newsprint yellow doing 225 00:13:35,320 --> 00:13:40,280 Speaker 3: a neighborhood around that Pamerapo address, we find neighbors had 226 00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:44,880 Speaker 3: seen this large, red haired fella carrying five gallon pails 227 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,160 Speaker 3: of yellowed newspaper out to his taxicab. 228 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:52,920 Speaker 1: They weren't just making one explosive. They were experimenting for 229 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:56,400 Speaker 1: others too, and getting more savvy by the day. 230 00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:01,920 Speaker 3: They were actually manufacturing their own nitrichlists. In that storage area, 231 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:07,280 Speaker 3: we found one two court glass bottle that was about 232 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:11,520 Speaker 3: half full of liquid nitroglycerine, which the New Jersey State 233 00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:14,760 Speaker 3: Police bomb squad took in a total containment vessel to 234 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 3: Liberty Park where they detonated it inside of their containment 235 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 3: vessel and it subsequently cracked their containment vessel, so it 236 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:23,640 Speaker 3: was very energetic. 237 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:28,680 Speaker 1: They also recovered all the components needed to make a 238 00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:34,160 Speaker 1: timed detonation system. The safehouse at Pamrapo Avenue had given 239 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:37,120 Speaker 1: up its secrets, but it was who had been seen 240 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:39,680 Speaker 1: at the apartment that truly strengthened the. 241 00:14:39,560 --> 00:14:45,120 Speaker 3: Case, identifying through photographs Ramsey Josef had been in there. 242 00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:47,760 Speaker 1: Ramsey Usaf. 243 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:52,200 Speaker 5: He left that night the evening of the twenty sixth. 244 00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:55,240 Speaker 5: Matter of fact, the flight that he left from JFK 245 00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:58,120 Speaker 5: was delayed because of the bombing. 246 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:03,040 Speaker 1: But eventually got off the ground. Within hours of the blast, 247 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:06,720 Speaker 1: Yusuf was in the air on a flight bound for Karachi. 248 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 7: Ramsey Ahmed Yusef is the focus of an international manhunt. 249 00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:15,480 Speaker 7: Investigators described the twenty five year old Iraqi born taxi 250 00:15:15,560 --> 00:15:18,240 Speaker 7: driver as a major player in the world traits that 251 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:21,840 Speaker 7: are bombing, and they believe he's left the country. 252 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 5: We didn't know where he was. 253 00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: As investigators scrambled to track Yusuf's movements, another person was 254 00:15:29,440 --> 00:15:32,880 Speaker 1: also soon identified as part of the attack. He too 255 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:34,000 Speaker 1: had fled the country. 256 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:39,720 Speaker 5: We had identified Makmud Abohalima, and he was in Egypt. 257 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 5: He was an Egyptian citizen. 258 00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:44,040 Speaker 1: He proved easier to return. 259 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:48,120 Speaker 5: We send some feelers out. The Egyptians say we have him. 260 00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:51,480 Speaker 5: He gets sent back to the US and he gets arraigned. 261 00:15:52,520 --> 00:15:56,320 Speaker 1: While prosecutors focused on building cases against the men already 262 00:15:56,320 --> 00:16:01,680 Speaker 1: in custody, investigators kept pulling threads. That's when they discovered 263 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:05,000 Speaker 1: something that had been sitting under their noses for months, 264 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:07,880 Speaker 1: but no one knew it because it sat in an 265 00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:08,640 Speaker 1: evidence locker. 266 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:15,320 Speaker 5: Akhmud Ajaj, who entered the United States with Ramsey Yusef 267 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:20,760 Speaker 5: in September before the bombing, was detained for a counterfeit 268 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:26,320 Speaker 5: visa from September of ninety two until May of ninety three, 269 00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:30,720 Speaker 5: when we decided to arrest him and were looking at 270 00:16:31,160 --> 00:16:34,000 Speaker 5: a number of materials that he brought in with him 271 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:39,680 Speaker 5: that included bomb manuals, videos about had a blow up buildings, 272 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 5: all sorts of stuff like this that had been sitting 273 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:45,720 Speaker 5: in i ins custody. But then once the connection was 274 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:49,880 Speaker 5: made that all those materials were looked at and we decided, yeah, 275 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:53,120 Speaker 5: even though he was in custody the entire time, he 276 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:54,880 Speaker 5: was part of the conspiracy. 277 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,280 Speaker 1: Ajaj hadn't taken part in the bombing itself, but the 278 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: materials he carried into the country suggested something else. Preparation, 279 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:09,479 Speaker 1: training and intent, and also a connection to usup months 280 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: before their van ever builed into Manhattan, the blueprint for 281 00:17:13,359 --> 00:17:16,119 Speaker 1: the World Trade Center bomb was now fully mapped. 282 00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,960 Speaker 5: At that point we knew those were the folks we 283 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:21,040 Speaker 5: would go to trial with. 284 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:25,320 Speaker 7: They've all entered not guilty please, and they all remained 285 00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 7: in jail, held without. 286 00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:32,679 Speaker 1: Bond while federal prosecutors prepped their case Downtown. The World 287 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: Trade Center's CEO, Charlie Makish was also executing his own strategy. 288 00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:43,359 Speaker 1: His objective wasn't conviction, it was resurrection, and he was 289 00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:45,840 Speaker 1: on a tight deadline. 290 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:49,600 Speaker 8: We had transformers reconstructed that would have taken months, if 291 00:17:49,640 --> 00:17:51,720 Speaker 8: not a year. We had that done in three weeks 292 00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:54,240 Speaker 8: so that we could power the trade center. We had 293 00:17:54,320 --> 00:17:57,920 Speaker 8: a temporary refrigeration plan built within that period of time 294 00:17:57,960 --> 00:18:01,959 Speaker 8: and interconnected with pressure fittings with the existing refrigeration system 295 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:02,840 Speaker 8: in the trade center. 296 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:09,200 Speaker 1: Everyone worked on overdrive. Two hundred elevator technicians worked around 297 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:13,480 Speaker 1: the clock rebuilding one hundred elevators and because smoke had 298 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: permeated through every square inch of the towers, achieving the 299 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 1: cleanup needed would be nothing short of miraculous. Ten million 300 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:24,760 Speaker 1: square feet of office space had to be scrubbed. 301 00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:30,200 Speaker 8: We used a sponge that later became the miracle sponge. 302 00:18:30,359 --> 00:18:34,280 Speaker 8: Mister Clean puts out the dry sponge. The restoration company 303 00:18:34,359 --> 00:18:36,600 Speaker 8: used the dry sponge to get the certain smoke off 304 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:39,399 Speaker 8: the walls, and they basically put people in front of 305 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:41,600 Speaker 8: a wall and they told them this is your section 306 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:44,080 Speaker 8: of wall that has to be cleaned tonight. They were remarkable. 307 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:46,320 Speaker 8: They cleaned everything in the trade center. 308 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:50,639 Speaker 1: The pace was extraordinary. 309 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:53,520 Speaker 8: Work around the clock. We started at six o'clock in 310 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 8: the morning at a coordination meeting as to what had 311 00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,480 Speaker 8: been done the night before, decided on what we were going 312 00:18:59,520 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 8: to focus on for that day to get done, and 313 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:04,600 Speaker 8: then we met again at six o'clock at night to 314 00:19:04,680 --> 00:19:06,520 Speaker 8: go over what with the progress was and what the 315 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:08,640 Speaker 8: night shifts were going to do. And then we had 316 00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:11,800 Speaker 8: engineering meetings after that to figure out how we were 317 00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:15,160 Speaker 8: going to put back the fire alarm communication systems, what 318 00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:17,600 Speaker 8: we were going to do in terms of temporary security. 319 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,159 Speaker 8: All of those meetings we had between the hours of 320 00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:23,679 Speaker 8: eight and midnight, and then you went back to the hotel, 321 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:25,959 Speaker 8: got four to five hours sleeping, came back, and you 322 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:28,200 Speaker 8: did this for three weeks. 323 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:33,200 Speaker 1: And on March eighteenth, nineteen ninety three, just three weeks 324 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:37,720 Speaker 1: after the blast, the South Tower officially reopened, followed by 325 00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:42,200 Speaker 1: the North tower on April first. They'd rebuilt the World 326 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: Trade Center with remarkable speed, but even then it was 327 00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: clear that things would never be the same. 328 00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,360 Speaker 8: We actually built a memorial and it was built right 329 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:55,000 Speaker 8: above where the bomb went off. Ellen Zimmerman was the 330 00:19:55,119 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 8: architect for the memorial, in which the inscription on it 331 00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,920 Speaker 8: was that below this spot in nineteen ninety three, February 332 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:06,159 Speaker 8: twenty sixth, international terrorism detonated a sixteen hundred pound bomb 333 00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:10,600 Speaker 8: which killed seven people, injured thousands, and made victims of 334 00:20:10,680 --> 00:20:12,400 Speaker 8: us all. 335 00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:16,120 Speaker 1: And when the reconstruction was complete, there was one more 336 00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:17,240 Speaker 1: act of remembrance. 337 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:21,200 Speaker 8: The Tibetan monks came over. There were four of them, 338 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:24,399 Speaker 8: and they created what was called the sand Mendela, and 339 00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:28,359 Speaker 8: it was a beautiful, beautiful picture that they did in sand. 340 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:32,439 Speaker 8: The idea was that that would capture all of the 341 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 8: negative energy in the building. And after they spent months 342 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:40,560 Speaker 8: and months meticulously creating this mandela, they swept it up 343 00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:43,920 Speaker 8: into a pile, put it in a container, and they 344 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,159 Speaker 8: paraded over to the Hudson River and they deposited in 345 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:49,919 Speaker 8: the Hudson River. And the whole idea was at that 346 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:52,639 Speaker 8: point the negative energy in the Trade Center had been. 347 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 1: Removed, the towers were open again, and just across the river, 348 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: justice would have it turn. As the World Trade Center 349 00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 1: got back to business, prosecutors were busy getting ready to 350 00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:22,679 Speaker 1: take four of the men responsible for the attack to trial. 351 00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:28,640 Speaker 1: Mahmud Abu Halima, who helped manufacture the bomb, Mohammed Salome, 352 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: the one who rented the rider, Van Nidal Ayad, a 353 00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: chemical engineer with corporate access to key suppliers, and Ahmed Ajaj, 354 00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:40,960 Speaker 1: who entered the country with a suit case full of 355 00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:45,520 Speaker 1: bomb manuals. The evidence was powerful, but law enforcement was 356 00:21:45,560 --> 00:21:49,120 Speaker 1: still knee deep in prep The case needed more time, 357 00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:52,080 Speaker 1: but the trial judge saw things differently. 358 00:21:53,119 --> 00:21:56,040 Speaker 5: The case was in front of Kevin Thomas Duffy in 359 00:21:56,080 --> 00:21:59,720 Speaker 5: the Southern District of New York, and the defense to 360 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:04,560 Speaker 5: turn these very wisely said we very much want to 361 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 5: demand a speedy trial, knowing that we were still really 362 00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:12,639 Speaker 5: in early stages of doing the investigation that you would 363 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:14,800 Speaker 5: need where you could actually bring a trial. 364 00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:20,399 Speaker 1: The move forced prosecutors to accelerate their timeline. The judge 365 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:22,800 Speaker 1: made it clear delays weren't an option. 366 00:22:23,960 --> 00:22:27,639 Speaker 5: They said, government, talk to your investigators and tell me 367 00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 5: what's the absolute earliest you think this case could go 368 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:34,040 Speaker 5: to trial. I want a real number, because if it's inflaated, 369 00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:36,159 Speaker 5: I'm just going to cut it in half. By the 370 00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:39,600 Speaker 5: end of May, we had decided that the lab work 371 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:45,359 Speaker 5: would probably be back by July, so maybe we could 372 00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:49,639 Speaker 5: think of a trial sometime in the fall, and Duffy said, great, 373 00:22:49,880 --> 00:22:52,879 Speaker 5: we'll start September, eighth day after Labor Day. I was 374 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 5: hoping more like November maybe, but he said the trial 375 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:57,800 Speaker 5: date never changed. 376 00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:02,679 Speaker 1: Just over three months for any felony trial. That's fast, 377 00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:06,320 Speaker 1: and for a case of this magnitude, nearly unheard of, 378 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:10,840 Speaker 1: and that meant there would be no downtime for the prosecutors. 379 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:15,159 Speaker 5: Literally from maybe the second day that I worked on 380 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:19,000 Speaker 5: this in late February until the day of the verdict, 381 00:23:19,400 --> 00:23:22,359 Speaker 5: there were two days Thanksgiving and Christmas that we weren't 382 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:25,640 Speaker 5: in the office in that year. And that's it. Sixteen 383 00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:29,000 Speaker 5: hour days every day. I lived in New Jersey, I 384 00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:32,480 Speaker 5: had an hour commute each way, and I would be 385 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:35,520 Speaker 5: getting home after midnight every night, but I had to 386 00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:38,520 Speaker 5: be out of the door by six thirty every morning, 387 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,720 Speaker 5: and I had a wife and kid, and I wanted 388 00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:43,639 Speaker 5: to try and see a little bit once in a while. 389 00:23:45,119 --> 00:23:48,320 Speaker 1: Even with round the clock work, Gil still wasn't sure 390 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:50,919 Speaker 1: exactly what he'd be able to present at trial. 391 00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:55,400 Speaker 5: The day before I delivered the opening statement, I went 392 00:23:55,480 --> 00:24:00,240 Speaker 5: through moot a practice of my opening and had had 393 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:04,520 Speaker 5: the leadership of the office listen to it get feedback. 394 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:08,280 Speaker 5: One of the executive assistants in the office said, Gil, 395 00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:11,359 Speaker 5: I think it was good, but my general comment is 396 00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:14,479 Speaker 5: there's a lack of specificity. I think you need to 397 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:17,359 Speaker 5: go into what your evidence is going to be on 398 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:20,080 Speaker 5: certain things, And I said, I would love to do that, 399 00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:22,480 Speaker 5: but I don't know what the evidence is yet. 400 00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: It was the reality of building a massive federal case 401 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:28,879 Speaker 1: on a wildly compressed timeline. 402 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 5: It was ludicrous, truthfully. 403 00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:34,320 Speaker 1: But off to trial they went. 404 00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:37,199 Speaker 5: Took about two and a half weeks to pick a 405 00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:40,600 Speaker 5: jury and then we opened. Ultimately there'd be two hundred 406 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:43,520 Speaker 5: and seven witnesses called for the government. When I did 407 00:24:43,520 --> 00:24:47,879 Speaker 5: that opening, we had spoken to less than half of 408 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:50,240 Speaker 5: the witnesses that we would eventually put on the stand. 409 00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: And from personal experience, I'll tell you this, it's nerve 410 00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:57,520 Speaker 1: racking for a trial attorney to put a witness on 411 00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:01,000 Speaker 1: the stand without knowing what they're going to say. Advance 412 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: prep is invaluable when you can get it. It gives 413 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:08,480 Speaker 1: you the roadmap, the strengths, weak spots, when to press forward, 414 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:12,159 Speaker 1: and when to illicit explanation. But when you're forced to 415 00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:15,560 Speaker 1: go in cold like Gil was, that's when thinking on 416 00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:19,639 Speaker 1: your feet is everything. When Gil stood up to deliver 417 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,400 Speaker 1: the opening statement, it was more than the obligatory preview 418 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:26,480 Speaker 1: of the government's case. He also wanted to prepare the 419 00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:29,160 Speaker 1: jury for the types of evidence he had and how 420 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:30,840 Speaker 1: many puzzle pieces it would be. 421 00:25:32,119 --> 00:25:36,359 Speaker 5: It was going to be almost an exclusively circumstantial case. 422 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:39,960 Speaker 5: There were going to be thousands of little pieces of 423 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:45,080 Speaker 5: evidence that seemingly didn't do anything on their own, only 424 00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,000 Speaker 5: when they're tied together, and that's not going to happen 425 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:51,919 Speaker 5: until summation. So I had to prepare the jury for 426 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:55,000 Speaker 5: the fact that you're going to be bored stiff for 427 00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:58,480 Speaker 5: weeks at a time as we're putting in little bits 428 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:02,159 Speaker 5: of evidence. I can assure you are important, but you 429 00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:03,560 Speaker 5: won't know it when we're putting them. 430 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:08,840 Speaker 1: Then the strategy was to keep their expectations grounded and 431 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:11,880 Speaker 1: to ask them to trust that the many fragments would 432 00:26:11,880 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: eventually reveal its shape. Another hurdle. This attack was unprecedented 433 00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:19,800 Speaker 1: and the laws hadn't yet caught up. 434 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:24,960 Speaker 5: There were no terrorism statutes at the time. The defendants 435 00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:28,879 Speaker 5: from ninety three bombing were tried for destruction of a 436 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:32,760 Speaker 5: building used in international commerce by means of explosive. 437 00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:37,040 Speaker 1: The first Major Terrorism Statue didn't enter the law until 438 00:26:37,119 --> 00:26:41,320 Speaker 1: nineteen ninety four. After this bombing, Gill and his colleagues 439 00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:45,280 Speaker 1: had to use a patchwork of existing laws and repurpose statutes, 440 00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:48,879 Speaker 1: statutes that couldn't capture the full scope of the devastation, 441 00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:52,760 Speaker 1: but using every law they had at their disposal. The 442 00:26:52,960 --> 00:26:56,280 Speaker 1: US government, with Gill at the helm, walked into court 443 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,520 Speaker 1: and the trial began, and for the next six months, 444 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,240 Speaker 1: the prosecution mapped out the web of connections between the 445 00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:07,960 Speaker 1: four defendant standing trial plus the two still at large. 446 00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:11,680 Speaker 5: It was the story of these six individuals working together. 447 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:15,480 Speaker 5: Through a lot of telephone records, were able to demonstrate 448 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:18,679 Speaker 5: that they were calling chemical companies. We didn't know what 449 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:22,080 Speaker 5: the conversations were because these weren't wiretafs. They were calling 450 00:27:22,119 --> 00:27:25,399 Speaker 5: around and obviously we could argue looking for places to 451 00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:29,400 Speaker 5: buy certain things, and then at the bomb factory we 452 00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:33,280 Speaker 5: were able to find packaging and bomb components that would 453 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:37,520 Speaker 5: bear the name of the manufacturer or the place where 454 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:42,680 Speaker 5: they were purchased. They used several pressurized gas canisters as 455 00:27:42,760 --> 00:27:46,320 Speaker 5: part of the bomb from a compressed gas supplier called AGL. 456 00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:50,720 Speaker 1: Those calls to the gas supplier were made from none 457 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:52,800 Speaker 1: other than the desk of needle iod. 458 00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:58,040 Speaker 5: We also had phone calls to rental car places, including 459 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:01,399 Speaker 5: the writer place in Jersey City, so phone records were 460 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:04,800 Speaker 5: very important as sort of the glue that helped us 461 00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:06,560 Speaker 5: piece all this stuff together. 462 00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:10,880 Speaker 1: The case against each defendant wasn't always straightforward. 463 00:28:11,840 --> 00:28:15,359 Speaker 5: The other real challenge was that the case and the 464 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,360 Speaker 5: evidence against each of the four defendants was very different. 465 00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:21,119 Speaker 5: There were two of the defendants that were never at 466 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:24,919 Speaker 5: the bomb factory the garage apartment where the bombs were made. 467 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:28,320 Speaker 5: They were never there, ever, and these people weren't under 468 00:28:28,359 --> 00:28:30,640 Speaker 5: surveillance beforehand. 469 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,479 Speaker 1: The analogy we prosecutors often uses that of a wheel. 470 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,560 Speaker 1: Each player is more like the spoke of the wheel. 471 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:41,120 Speaker 1: They are all necessary parts of making the wheel turn. 472 00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:45,400 Speaker 1: And besides the obvious significance of this crime, even the 473 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:48,680 Speaker 1: type of case was different than what federal prosecutors most 474 00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:49,440 Speaker 1: often work with. 475 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:54,880 Speaker 5: This was an entirely reactive prosecution, much more like a 476 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:57,920 Speaker 5: typical state case than a federal case, where you do 477 00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:01,440 Speaker 5: an investigation, build a case, and bring it down. This 478 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:04,280 Speaker 5: obviously happened with a bomb, and everything else was piecing 479 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:06,640 Speaker 5: it together afterwards. 480 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:09,440 Speaker 1: And as the evidence came in so did the motive. 481 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:13,080 Speaker 5: There was a claim of responsibility that was mailed to 482 00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,720 Speaker 5: the New York Times in a letter saying that the 483 00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:19,960 Speaker 5: bombing was carried out because of the US support for 484 00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:23,640 Speaker 5: Israel and their policy with respect to Palestine. We were 485 00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:27,280 Speaker 5: able to get DNA off the flap of the envelope 486 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:31,240 Speaker 5: and the stamp. One of them came back as a 487 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:33,720 Speaker 5: DNA match to Ayad. 488 00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:39,080 Speaker 1: The case against Abu Halima focused on a detail left behind. 489 00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:42,080 Speaker 5: When we did in search of his apartment in New Jersey, 490 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:45,640 Speaker 5: we found a pair of shoes that had acid burns 491 00:29:45,680 --> 00:29:48,560 Speaker 5: and some other chemical residue on one of his shoes. 492 00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:52,480 Speaker 5: So between the settings of the car and that shoe, 493 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:55,400 Speaker 5: we were able to tie him to the bomb factory. 494 00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:59,400 Speaker 5: There were well over a thousand exhibits, and if you 495 00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:02,600 Speaker 5: broke them down component wise, it'd probably three or four 496 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:03,840 Speaker 5: thousand exhibits. 497 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:07,840 Speaker 1: Each was a piece of the puzzle. Placed together, the 498 00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:13,320 Speaker 1: full picture came into view. But behind all the exhibits 499 00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:17,280 Speaker 1: and evidence tags, at its center, this was a case 500 00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:18,520 Speaker 1: about real people. 501 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:24,520 Speaker 5: So in terms of witnesses that were affected or injured, 502 00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:28,320 Speaker 5: we had witnesses who were in the garage. Matter of fact, 503 00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:31,080 Speaker 5: two of Our witnesses were Secret Service agents who were 504 00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:34,640 Speaker 5: in the garage who were injured, so they were two firs. 505 00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:37,280 Speaker 5: They could give a little bit of law enforcement perspective 506 00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:41,080 Speaker 5: as well as being actual victims. And we had people 507 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:44,400 Speaker 5: that had come down the stairs. We had people who 508 00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 5: were affected not immediately by the blast as opposed to 509 00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:54,040 Speaker 5: debris falling from the blast. But most of the testimony 510 00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:57,680 Speaker 5: about injuries really came in through first responders. 511 00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:03,840 Speaker 1: The government also called experts like FBI explosive specialist Dave Williams. 512 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:08,360 Speaker 3: When I started testifying about where and what and how 513 00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:11,440 Speaker 3: things were placed, they had the wide open mouth look 514 00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:14,480 Speaker 3: the defendants did, how was he watching us do this? 515 00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:19,640 Speaker 1: Charlie Makish, the World Trade Center CEO, testify too. 516 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:23,960 Speaker 8: My role in the trial was to describe the Trade 517 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:26,760 Speaker 8: Center what it stood for, because he had to establish 518 00:31:26,760 --> 00:31:29,080 Speaker 8: federal jurisdiction. The fact that it was a center for 519 00:31:29,120 --> 00:31:33,360 Speaker 8: international trade and commerce established that federal jurisdiction. And then 520 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:36,240 Speaker 8: I had to describe what the Trade Center was, and 521 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:38,960 Speaker 8: then I had to describe the events of that day 522 00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:39,719 Speaker 8: and the bomb. 523 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:43,880 Speaker 1: As he cited facts about what had happened that day, 524 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:47,160 Speaker 1: the deep toll, it had taken was also clear. 525 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:50,280 Speaker 8: I told him not to ask me how it affected 526 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:52,600 Speaker 8: me emotionally, and he did and I broke down on 527 00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:55,520 Speaker 8: the stand. Afterwards, I said, Gill, you only you weren't 528 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:57,480 Speaker 8: going to do that, and he said, well, Charlie, I 529 00:31:57,560 --> 00:31:58,680 Speaker 8: wanted the jury to see it. 530 00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:03,960 Speaker 1: After months of trial, closing arguments and then the court's instruction, 531 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:07,040 Speaker 1: the case was finally given to the jury to deliberate. 532 00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:10,280 Speaker 1: It was out of the prosecution's hands and they were 533 00:32:10,360 --> 00:32:12,719 Speaker 1: left to wait and wonder what the jury would do. 534 00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:17,920 Speaker 5: Trial lasted just over six months. The verdict came in 535 00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:21,000 Speaker 5: actually on the one year anniversary of the first arrest 536 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:25,680 Speaker 5: of Mohammed Salome. The jury was deliberating on the addiversary 537 00:32:25,720 --> 00:32:28,880 Speaker 5: of the bombing, just again a reminder of the speed 538 00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:32,280 Speaker 5: with which all this happened, and the verdict was all 539 00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:36,640 Speaker 5: four defendants on each count, so it was a clean sweep. 540 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:41,680 Speaker 1: After the convictions were in the court next turned to sentencing. 541 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:46,360 Speaker 5: Definitely was not available to us for these individuals at 542 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:50,040 Speaker 5: that time. The judge was not allowed to give them life, 543 00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:54,360 Speaker 5: so it was important that he actually give a number of. 544 00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:58,760 Speaker 1: Years, and the judge found a rather unique way to 545 00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:02,560 Speaker 1: quantify what had been lost Judge Duffy. 546 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:05,920 Speaker 5: He took the six individuals who were killed and looked 547 00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:10,040 Speaker 5: at actuarial tables relevant to the six individuals and added 548 00:33:10,120 --> 00:33:13,960 Speaker 5: up the years that the tables told them the individuals 549 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:17,520 Speaker 5: would still live, and that total was the number of 550 00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:20,040 Speaker 5: years that he gave each of the defendants. 551 00:33:20,680 --> 00:33:23,760 Speaker 1: Two hundred and forty years in prison for each defendant. 552 00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:26,840 Speaker 1: The sentence was a stark reminder of the two hundred 553 00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:29,760 Speaker 1: and forty years taken from the people who'd been killed. 554 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:33,880 Speaker 1: At sentencing, the courtroom heard from the victims' loved ones. 555 00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:38,240 Speaker 1: Among them was Ed Smith, who lost his pregnant wife, Monica, 556 00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:39,440 Speaker 1: in the blast. 557 00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:44,160 Speaker 5: Ed was strong, he was obviously tremendously affected. Not only 558 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:48,200 Speaker 5: lose his wife, but he lost was would have been 559 00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:52,280 Speaker 5: his firstborn. It was a boy that had already named him. 560 00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:55,000 Speaker 5: He was going to be Eddie Junior. So it was 561 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:56,080 Speaker 5: doubly painful. 562 00:33:57,720 --> 00:34:01,360 Speaker 1: The verdict was a major win. That their work wasn't over. 563 00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:06,440 Speaker 1: There were two suspects still out there and investigators were 564 00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:22,880 Speaker 1: zeroing in fast. At the nineteen ninety three World Trade 565 00:34:22,880 --> 00:34:27,359 Speaker 1: Center trial, four men were convicted, two others were still 566 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:33,040 Speaker 1: at large, Abdul Rama Yacine and the mastermind Ramsey Yusef. 567 00:34:33,920 --> 00:34:36,960 Speaker 1: Yusuf slipped out of the country just hours after the blast. 568 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:41,600 Speaker 1: For two years, he stayed one step ahead, vanishing into 569 00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:44,800 Speaker 1: the sprawl of Karachi, slipping in and out of Afghanistan. 570 00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:49,840 Speaker 1: Then came a break in the Philippines. After a chemical 571 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:54,160 Speaker 1: fire in a Manila apartment, authorities uncovered a laptop belonging 572 00:34:54,160 --> 00:34:58,240 Speaker 1: to Yusef, filled with blueprints, airline routes and a plan 573 00:34:58,360 --> 00:35:02,480 Speaker 1: to detonate bombs mid air across the Pacific. The plan 574 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:06,680 Speaker 1: was called Ojinka, and buried within its files was another 575 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:13,399 Speaker 1: concept hijacked planes crashed them into American landmarks. Yusuf's name 576 00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:15,840 Speaker 1: was now tied not just to New York, but to 577 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:22,120 Speaker 1: a global conspiracy. February seventh, nineteen ninety five, a tip 578 00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:26,840 Speaker 1: came in. US officials and Pakistani police converged on a 579 00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:33,680 Speaker 1: modest guesthouse. Inside they found forged passports, explosive residue, blueprints 580 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:39,560 Speaker 1: for bombs, and Ramsey Yusuf asleep. The apprehension was swift, 581 00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:43,840 Speaker 1: and within hours he was in US custody on a 582 00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:47,160 Speaker 1: one way flight back to New York, delivered to the 583 00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:49,879 Speaker 1: very city he had tried to destroy. 584 00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:54,359 Speaker 5: The plane some multary aircraft that landed up the Newburgh 585 00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,120 Speaker 5: at the air base at the time, and then he 586 00:35:57,239 --> 00:36:02,239 Speaker 5: was brought by helicopter to Manhattan and they circled the 587 00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:06,000 Speaker 5: Trade Center with it. And when the agency's rhythm said, 588 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:10,040 Speaker 5: see they're still standing, and he said they wouldn't have 589 00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:11,240 Speaker 5: been if I had more money. 590 00:36:12,680 --> 00:36:15,879 Speaker 1: That chilling remark was more than bravado. It was a 591 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:19,560 Speaker 1: glimpse into Yusuf's intent and it would follow him into court. 592 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:25,480 Speaker 5: We learned from Ramsey Yusef that his intention was by 593 00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:28,360 Speaker 5: putting the bomb next to the south wall of the 594 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:30,920 Speaker 5: North Tower, they were hoping that for that tower to 595 00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:34,200 Speaker 5: fall and then take the South tower down with it. 596 00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:39,000 Speaker 5: Luckily they didn't know this, but those buildings were built 597 00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:41,000 Speaker 5: to a standing awful lot. 598 00:36:42,120 --> 00:36:44,560 Speaker 1: And as soon as the flight touched down in Manhattan, 599 00:36:44,960 --> 00:36:48,720 Speaker 1: Yusuf officially became a defendant in one of the first 600 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:53,080 Speaker 1: major foreign terrorism trials on US oil. He was tried 601 00:36:53,200 --> 00:36:57,520 Speaker 1: more than once. His first trial was about Bojinka. Yusuf 602 00:36:57,520 --> 00:37:02,360 Speaker 1: represented himself, called the attacks retain alliation, showed no remorse. 603 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,920 Speaker 1: He was convicted. Then came the World Trade Center trial. 604 00:37:07,760 --> 00:37:11,840 Speaker 1: Prosecutors laid out the ryder Van rental, the fingerprint evidence, 605 00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:15,520 Speaker 1: the bomb chemistry, the plan to kill tens of thousands. 606 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:20,080 Speaker 1: Use have never wavered in his defense, but the jury 607 00:37:20,120 --> 00:37:24,600 Speaker 1: saw through it and brought back a thunderous conviction. He 608 00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:28,319 Speaker 1: is now serving life without parole plus two hundred and 609 00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:29,440 Speaker 1: forty years. 610 00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:32,680 Speaker 8: When he was sentenced, the judge let him go on 611 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:35,239 Speaker 8: for hours. When Ramsey use have said, if it takes 612 00:37:35,320 --> 00:37:38,919 Speaker 8: us a thousand years, those evil towers of capitalism will 613 00:37:38,920 --> 00:37:42,479 Speaker 8: come down, and that put a chill through me. He said, 614 00:37:42,520 --> 00:37:45,360 Speaker 8: they're not going to stop, and they didn't. He was 615 00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:49,400 Speaker 8: part of the team of terrorists that formulated the concept 616 00:37:49,440 --> 00:37:52,760 Speaker 8: of flying the planes in and presented that to Osama 617 00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:53,360 Speaker 8: bin Laden. 618 00:37:54,719 --> 00:37:58,520 Speaker 1: But not everyone was caught. Because in that Manila apartment 619 00:37:59,080 --> 00:38:02,799 Speaker 1: investigators did just stop a terror plot. They uncovered the 620 00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:07,280 Speaker 1: blueprint for something even worse and what would soon materialize. 621 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:12,879 Speaker 1: With that, they found a name Khalid Sheikh Mohammad, who 622 00:38:12,960 --> 00:38:18,040 Speaker 1: was Ramsey Yusuf's uncle. Mohammad was listed in FBI reports 623 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:23,479 Speaker 1: and discussed in intelligent cables circulated among agencies, and eight 624 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:27,600 Speaker 1: years after that rider truck detonated in the trade center garage, 625 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:31,160 Speaker 1: Mohammed and another group of men took a more direct approach. 626 00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:36,920 Speaker 1: They used boarding passes and box cutters and flight simulators. 627 00:38:38,120 --> 00:38:40,640 Speaker 9: Early reports are just coming in now from the wire 628 00:38:40,719 --> 00:38:44,360 Speaker 9: service as a small commuter plane apparently hitting the side 629 00:38:44,440 --> 00:38:49,080 Speaker 9: of the World Trade Center happened, oh, just a few 630 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:52,680 Speaker 9: minutes ago. But you can see the smoke. The smoke 631 00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:56,560 Speaker 9: tower is growing. There is quite a bit of flame 632 00:38:56,680 --> 00:39:01,040 Speaker 9: inside the building. The two towers are fur home at 633 00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:04,440 Speaker 9: least during the day to upwards of fifty thousand workers. 634 00:39:05,719 --> 00:39:09,439 Speaker 1: This wasn't a new conflict. It was the same one 635 00:39:10,040 --> 00:39:14,479 Speaker 1: escalated and this time the towers were brought down. 636 00:39:15,680 --> 00:39:18,240 Speaker 9: It sounds unbelievable to speak the words, but the World 637 00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:23,680 Speaker 9: Trade Center is essentially gone, struck by two airplanes, apparently 638 00:39:23,719 --> 00:39:27,080 Speaker 9: both of them them hijacked. This is the second plane 639 00:39:27,120 --> 00:39:29,800 Speaker 9: that struck the World Trade Center shortly after nine o'clock 640 00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:33,880 Speaker 9: Eastern time this morning. An earlier plane left the tower 641 00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:37,719 Speaker 9: of smoke in the upper stories of the building on 642 00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:41,799 Speaker 9: the right there. So both towers hit by planes. They 643 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:44,880 Speaker 9: burned for a while, and then one at a time 644 00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:46,239 Speaker 9: they both collapsed. 645 00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:50,600 Speaker 1: This podcast isn't focused on nine to eleven, and we 646 00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,600 Speaker 1: won't be covering it in depth, not out of disregard, 647 00:39:53,719 --> 00:39:58,640 Speaker 1: but because it's been examined thoroughly and powerfully elsewhere. Still 648 00:39:58,960 --> 00:40:03,359 Speaker 1: for this story important for context. We all know how 649 00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:07,040 Speaker 1: the story ends. We all remember where we were when 650 00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:12,680 Speaker 1: it happened. September eleventh is etched into global memory not 651 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:15,920 Speaker 1: just as a day of unparalleled loss, but as a 652 00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:21,120 Speaker 1: hinge point in history. When the towers fell, the skyline changed, 653 00:40:21,560 --> 00:40:25,680 Speaker 1: and with it, so did everything else. What followed was 654 00:40:25,719 --> 00:40:30,279 Speaker 1: the most aggressive reorientation of US law enforcement priorities in 655 00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:37,480 Speaker 1: modern history. That morning reshaped America's response to terrorism. What 656 00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:40,960 Speaker 1: began with manhunts and Manila folders in the nineteen nineties 657 00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:47,279 Speaker 1: became something far more expansive, a permanent infrastructure, a new doctrine, 658 00:40:47,360 --> 00:40:50,760 Speaker 1: and a machine built to stop the next attack before 659 00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:55,239 Speaker 1: it starts. But before all that was put in motion, 660 00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:58,520 Speaker 1: there was a time when the threat we feared most 661 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:02,000 Speaker 1: wasn't farn at all. It was already here. 662 00:41:03,800 --> 00:41:07,440 Speaker 10: A federal office building in Oklahoma City lies in ruins tonight, 663 00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:10,480 Speaker 10: and here's the very latest. At least twenty six people 664 00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:14,360 Speaker 10: were killed. That includes twelve children trapped inside a daycare center, 665 00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:17,200 Speaker 10: but the death toll is expected to swell because there 666 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:21,200 Speaker 10: were still three hundred people unaccounted for. Rescue teams were 667 00:41:21,200 --> 00:41:23,560 Speaker 10: on the scene within minutes, and they were shocked by 668 00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:26,160 Speaker 10: what they found. The entire front of the building was 669 00:41:26,200 --> 00:41:29,799 Speaker 10: blown away. Victims told harrowing tales of their escape from 670 00:41:29,840 --> 00:41:40,200 Speaker 10: the rubble and wondered about those not so lucky. 671 00:41:42,040 --> 00:41:45,240 Speaker 2: Next time on Law and Order Criminal Justice System. 672 00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:47,520 Speaker 6: My wife, she was in the building. 673 00:41:47,719 --> 00:41:50,040 Speaker 3: It was obviously there had been an explosion. 674 00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:51,280 Speaker 7: That had fallen three floors. 675 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:54,600 Speaker 1: Was buried under about ten feet of brubble, upside down, 676 00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:55,919 Speaker 1: still in my desk chair. 677 00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:58,560 Speaker 10: Reports say the FBI is putting together pieces of a 678 00:41:58,640 --> 00:42:00,320 Speaker 10: truck they think carried the bomb. 679 00:42:00,480 --> 00:42:02,960 Speaker 9: Some parts were found two blocks away. 680 00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:06,720 Speaker 3: I walked into the YMCA and I could see blood 681 00:42:06,719 --> 00:42:08,319 Speaker 3: spatter from four feet down. 682 00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:10,160 Speaker 7: Start screaming, we have a live one. 683 00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:11,040 Speaker 9: We have a live one. 684 00:42:11,160 --> 00:42:12,960 Speaker 1: He said, we can't see. We have to follow the 685 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:13,960 Speaker 1: sound of your voice. 686 00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:14,960 Speaker 7: Stay with us. 687 00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:22,799 Speaker 2: Law and Order Criminal Justice System is the production of 688 00:42:22,840 --> 00:42:28,440 Speaker 2: Wolf Entertainment and iHeart Podcasts. Our host is Anna Sega Nicolaze. 689 00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:32,959 Speaker 2: The show was written by Cooper Mall, executive produced by 690 00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:37,280 Speaker 2: Dick Wolf, Elliot Wolf and Stephen Michael at Wolf Entertainment. 691 00:42:38,160 --> 00:42:42,719 Speaker 2: On behalf of iHeart Podcasts executive producers Trevor Young and 692 00:42:42,760 --> 00:42:49,040 Speaker 2: Matt Frederick, with supervising producer Chandler Mays and producer Jesse Funk. 693 00:42:49,760 --> 00:42:54,279 Speaker 2: This season is executive produced by Anna Sega Nicolazi. Our 694 00:42:54,320 --> 00:42:58,760 Speaker 2: researchers are Luke Stantz and Carolyn Tolmage. Editing and sound 695 00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:03,319 Speaker 2: designed by Trevor Young and Jesse Funk. Original music by 696 00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:08,400 Speaker 2: John O'Hara, original theme by Mike Post with additional music 697 00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:13,239 Speaker 2: by Steve Moore and additional voice over by me Steve Zernkelton. 698 00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:17,440 Speaker 2: Special thanks to Fox five in New York for providing 699 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:21,320 Speaker 2: archival material for the show. For more podcasts from My 700 00:43:21,480 --> 00:43:26,240 Speaker 2: Heart in Wolf Entertainment, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 701 00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:29,880 Speaker 2: or wherever you get your favorite shows. Thanks for listening.