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Speaker 1: Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: stuff you should know from house stuff Works dot com. Hey,

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Speaker 1: welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Chipper and

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Speaker 1: Cheery Chuck. Chucker's Bryant right across from me. How are

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Speaker 1: you doing? I'm good man. I'm about to go get

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Speaker 1: that jar of moonshine for my cubicle. And we've never

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Speaker 1: done a show where we just drank moonshine the whole time.

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Speaker 1: I think we should. What better day? I don't think

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Speaker 1: it's at my desk at home? Oh? Really, do you

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Speaker 1: have beers still? Or there may be some other there?

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Speaker 1: I don't know what about. Well, there's a case of

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Speaker 1: beer that some other dude sent me, like not it

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Speaker 1: wasn't show related, but it's been sitting there for like

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Speaker 1: a year. What shiner back? Oh? I got some too,

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Speaker 1: And then there's a couple of beers from like England,

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Speaker 1: and then there may be some moonshine. So let's just

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Speaker 1: get drunk. Okay, So you're feeling good, I'm just getting folks,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna do that, is what you're saying. Um, Well,

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Speaker 1: my intro is, uh, you've already pood pooed it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I feel kind of bad about that. Oh, I don't

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Speaker 1: feel bad. It's pretty much part for the course, buddy,

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Speaker 1: Are you ready, Chuck? Uh? Many many years ago, roughly

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Speaker 1: around four eight billion years ago, um, the Earth really

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Speaker 1: started to forming together from a bunch of dust and

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Speaker 1: rocks and other dust, so says you, because right, because

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Speaker 1: the universe was spinning, right, and all these particles were spinning,

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Speaker 1: and as they came together, forming an accretion from an

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Speaker 1: incretion disk, they formed the Earth and all other planets obviously, right,

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Speaker 1: and all of that spin. Thanks to the laws of thermodynamics,

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Speaker 1: one of them, uh, continued to spin and actually accumulated,

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Speaker 1: and so the Earth just's spinning. That's why it's spinning,

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Speaker 1: because it's always been spinning and all of its particles

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Speaker 1: that make it up have been spinning. So it's spinning

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Speaker 1: because of the conservation of angular momentum. Right. Yeah. In

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Speaker 1: Newton's first law of motion, of course, that's what it was.

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Speaker 1: Not thermodynamics. There is a law of motion, which is

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Speaker 1: what if an object uh, an object in motion will

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Speaker 1: remain in that state of motion unless basically someone comes

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Speaker 1: along and puts the brakes on it. Right, unless something

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Speaker 1: acts upon it, exactly, and in the vacuum of space,

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Speaker 1: there's nothing to act upon it to slow the Earth down.

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Speaker 1: So it's just gonna keep going. And actually the Earth

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Speaker 1: has slowed in its older age. Four million years ago,

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Speaker 1: a day uh lasted twenty two hours. Yeah, it's been

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Speaker 1: slowing consistently over time, right, Yeah, but it's gonna take

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Speaker 1: a while to stop. I think in four hundred million

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Speaker 1: years in the future, they think that the day will

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Speaker 1: be twenty six hours, so to two years. Slowing by

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Speaker 1: two or two hours a day over four million years,

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Speaker 1: it's not it's not quick. Well, in four million years,

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Speaker 1: is there going to be any Earth? I don't know.

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Speaker 1: That's such a good question. What will we look like.

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Speaker 1: I don't think it's me It's four million years, that's

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Speaker 1: my guess. Um. Okay, so the Earth is slowing. We

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Speaker 1: understand why it's spinning. We understand that it is slowing down.

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Speaker 1: But what happens if somebody just comes along just stops

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Speaker 1: it automatically, like just stopped poop stopped. Well, and by

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Speaker 1: the way, Jerry, that wasn't an edit. Yeah, that's our

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Speaker 1: signal when we beep, that is a call out to Jerry.

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Speaker 1: So we're moving very fast, like faster than the speed

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Speaker 1: of sound, even though it didn't feel like it. Um

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Speaker 1: So if someone stopped it, those same things that would

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Speaker 1: happen if you just stopped your car all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: or a train stopped all of a sudden, would happen

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Speaker 1: here on Earth, except it would be much more drastic

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Speaker 1: because we're spinning much faster. We're spinning in an easterly

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Speaker 1: direction at about a thousand miles an hour along the equator.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, if all of a sudden you stop the Earth,

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Speaker 1: everything that's unattached to the Earth would keep going eastward

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Speaker 1: about a thousand miles an hour, mass, instantly dead, massive flooding,

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Speaker 1: you name it, the wind, shock waves, buildings, everything just go.

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Speaker 1: And you said something that I find kind of interesting,

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Speaker 1: like when I when I when I started to research

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Speaker 1: like the Earth's rotation, It's one of those things where

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Speaker 1: I just assume I know what I'm talking about, and

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Speaker 1: then the more I looked into I was like, oh, yeah,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of little stuff here, like questions like

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Speaker 1: why don't we feel the fact that we're moving through

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Speaker 1: space at about a thousand miles an hour and well,

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Speaker 1: I found the answer because the Earth moves at a

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Speaker 1: constant speed, the constant rate of rotation. There's no acceleration

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Speaker 1: or deceleration, which we would feel if that happened. Right,

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Speaker 1: Why don't we spin off the Earth? Do you know why?

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Speaker 1: I do? Okay? Here? Because of gravity and the gravitational

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Speaker 1: poll like, we we want to spin off the Earth.

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Speaker 1: That's you know, that's in there. But the force of gravity,

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Speaker 1: or the force that wants to spin us off the

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Speaker 1: Earth is point three the force of gravity, right, centrifugal

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Speaker 1: force weigh much more gravity going on than there is

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Speaker 1: uh the other So and I found that if the

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Speaker 1: Earth rotated at a rate of eighty minutes, right, it's

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Speaker 1: spun around on its axis one full time, So one

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Speaker 1: day was eighty minutes long. That would be fast enough

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Speaker 1: to overcome the force of gravity, would be thrown off

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Speaker 1: into space. But we're not going anywhere because that the

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Speaker 1: Earth is never gonna start speeding up like that. That's

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Speaker 1: just crazy talk. No, And it's not gonna stop spinning

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Speaker 1: either anytime soon. But we can still have fun with

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Speaker 1: this topic. So, say that we were existing right now

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Speaker 1: as the Earth was really starting to slow down, was

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Speaker 1: making its last turn. So it did it gradually like

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Speaker 1: Superman style, right, and then, um, the ecosystems were intact.

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Speaker 1: Everything was generally intact the moment the Earth stopped spinning

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Speaker 1: the day the Earth stood still exactly. Yeah, there would

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Speaker 1: be some really interesting things that happened, like a lot

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Speaker 1: of are the geography of this planet. I took for

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Speaker 1: granted until I read this article, which really opened my eyes.

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Speaker 1: So what what what? What are some of the things

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Speaker 1: that would happen if they're just stop spinning. Uh? Well,

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Speaker 1: seismologists think that it would set off a massive chain

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Speaker 1: of super earthquakes because they suspect that UM, the rotation

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Speaker 1: the Earth, plays a big role in the movement of

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Speaker 1: the tectonic plates. So they seismologists think that you know,

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Speaker 1: we would all be dead because of massive, massive earthquakes. Okay,

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Speaker 1: we'd probably be dead for a lot more reasons which

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Speaker 1: we can explore, but yes, diverse. Yeah, because think about it,

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Speaker 1: that that spinning Earth, the centrivigal force of the Earth

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Speaker 1: um is so strong that um it it basically keeps

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Speaker 1: the oceans in place. It creates a bulge around the equator,

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Speaker 1: Like the Earth is not a perfect sphere. Um it's

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Speaker 1: bulged at the middle, and it's that's because of its spin,

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Speaker 1: and that bulge actually brings the world's oceans towards the equator.

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Speaker 1: In the southern hemisphere they moved north. In the northern hemisphere,

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Speaker 1: they moved south. But it's being pulled towards the middle

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Speaker 1: of the Earth. There's spare tire. So if it stops

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Speaker 1: spinning all of a sudden, the world's oceans would go

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Speaker 1: towards the poles. Yeah, like quickly. It would be pretty

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Speaker 1: cool to see, I guess not if you're at the poles.

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Speaker 1: Did you see a map of what it would look like. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like basically a supercontinent in the center on both sides

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Speaker 1: of the equator. Yeah, like all the way around the globe,

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Speaker 1: and two big oceans, one on top and one on

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Speaker 1: the bottom. Yeah, and the one on the top of

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Speaker 1: the Arctic would actually be about a thousand meters deeper,

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Speaker 1: not because there'd be more water there, but because the

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Speaker 1: Antarctic basin is bigger deeper. That makes sense, so the

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Speaker 1: water would be shallower by comparison. But yeah, I was

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Speaker 1: looking so like Chicago would be just under the north

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Speaker 1: shore of the Northern Hemisphere's ocean. Um and from that

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Speaker 1: point down the United States would be largely intact. All

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Speaker 1: the way into the Caribbean South it would just be land.

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Speaker 1: It's pretty neat, good looking map. I love freaky weird maps. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like the early maps. Those were a little weird. There's

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Speaker 1: a blog called um unusual Maps, I think maps. I

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Speaker 1: can't remember what's called, but it's just like this blog

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Speaker 1: about strange maps. It's pretty neat. I used to collect maps,

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, I mean I didn't have a ton.

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Speaker 1: I had like fifteen or sixteen like cool map posters.

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Speaker 1: Nice to still have a few of them, but I

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Speaker 1: think they went the way of the Dodo in my

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Speaker 1: house where they like scholastic foldouts. No, like you know,

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Speaker 1: some were like you know, civil War map or the

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Speaker 1: Earth at this point map, or you know, just very

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Speaker 1: none of them. We're just straight up. I think I

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Speaker 1: had one straight up map. Um, so what else would

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Speaker 1: happen once that? What happened is the uh? And Robert

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Speaker 1: Lamb wrote this, didn't he No, Jonathan at a berry?

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Speaker 1: That's right, at a berry at a berry. Good job.

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Speaker 1: He says that it will take a whole year to

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Speaker 1: pull off what the Earth does in a day, so

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Speaker 1: one part of the world would be a blazing, scorching desert,

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Speaker 1: and then one part of the Earth would be a barren,

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Speaker 1: frozen wasteland half a year, half half the year. And

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Speaker 1: that's because the since the Earth rotates on its access

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Speaker 1: in about twenty four hours a little under, I think, um,

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Speaker 1: if it stopped doing that, it would still move around

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Speaker 1: the Sun, it just wouldn't spin on its axis. So

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Speaker 1: I figured this out. If you're having trouble visualizing it,

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Speaker 1: like I did, put your thumb in front of your

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Speaker 1: face out a little bit so that your thumbnail is

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Speaker 1: facing you, and then pretend that the Sun is in

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Speaker 1: between you and your thumb, and your thumb is the Earth,

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Speaker 1: and you just rotated around so that your thumbnails facing

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Speaker 1: you all the time. But it's going around the Sun,

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Speaker 1: and you'll see that at any given point, right, it's

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Speaker 1: the this part of the Earth is facing a different

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Speaker 1: part of the sun the thumbnail. So there would be seasons,

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Speaker 1: but there'd be four seasons, and they would be very different.

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Speaker 1: The line demarcating them would be really different. And when

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Speaker 1: you went from winter to summer, eventually you would have

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Speaker 1: nothing but sunlight and then nothing but dark, depending on

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Speaker 1: the temperature swing would be huge. So what that means is, um,

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Speaker 1: we'd probably have a really difficult time propagating with with

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Speaker 1: husbandry in general. And you don't mean sex, you're talking

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Speaker 1: with plants and animals. I'm not sure what you mean.

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Speaker 1: They're propagating with husbandry sounded like a euphemism. No, just

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Speaker 1: farming and animals. All that would be more difficult, if

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Speaker 1: not impossible, Um to grow crops, you know, for or

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Speaker 1: you know, maybe you grow them during the sunny parts

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Speaker 1: of the year. What you can grow and then store.

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Speaker 1: But we'd be in bad shape. I think we've very

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Speaker 1: bad as far as that goes. But botanically speaking, we

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Speaker 1: are a pretty uh, pretty quick witted species, so we

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Speaker 1: could possibly overcome it technologically maybe you know, I'll bet

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Speaker 1: we'd have a really good sunglasses. Yeah, yeah, that's true

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Speaker 1: and coats. Um what else would happen anything? Uh, Well,

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Speaker 1: the magnetic field, well gravity, I got something on gravity here.

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Speaker 1: Gravity would be changed, which is not in the article,

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Speaker 1: but um, it would change significantly if it stopped spinning

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Speaker 1: because uh, centrogal force of course, what you're talking about

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Speaker 1: contributes to that gravitational field, and it wouldn't exist any longer,

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Speaker 1: so the gravitational fiel would be strongest at the poles

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Speaker 1: instead of at the equator, and who knows what that

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Speaker 1: would do. You'd just be a lot heavier at the poles,

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Speaker 1: right you think, maybe, Okay, we'd also lose a very

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Speaker 1: interesting thing called the Coriolis effect. Yeah, my favorite, which

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Speaker 1: you know, um, supposedly with the Coriolis effect, if you're

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Speaker 1: in the Northern Hemisphere, if you flush the toilet, the

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Speaker 1: water goes down the drain clockwise and in the Northern

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Speaker 1: Hemisphere county clockwise. That it's not true. It's all plumbing,

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Speaker 1: it's all the design of the drain, the Coriolis effected.

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Speaker 1: There has nothing to do with what part of the

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Speaker 1: Earth you're in. It's no, it has nothing to do

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Speaker 1: with like the drain, the supposedly the Coreolis effect, the

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Speaker 1: fact that the Earth is spinning faster at the equator

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Speaker 1: than it is at the poles. Uh. It has long

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Speaker 1: been tapped as a reason for whirlpooles. They're saying, No,

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Speaker 1: that's probably if it's if you're talking about a drain,

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Speaker 1: it's the angle of the drain, it's the design of

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Speaker 1: the drain, it's the water rushing in when you flush

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Speaker 1: the toilet has nothing. That's an old wives tale. But

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Speaker 1: there's a coreal Coreoles effect. It's just not quite as interesting. Basically,

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Speaker 1: it says that if you leave the north pole and

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Speaker 1: fly toward the equator towards a certain market the equator,

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Speaker 1: if you're going a straight line, you're gonna miss your

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Speaker 1: mark because there are spinning and it's spinning faster at

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Speaker 1: the equator than it is at the pole Coreoli. It's

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Speaker 1: a curve like a Yeah, you have to basically correct longitudinally,

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Speaker 1: okay um to hit your target. Like you just can't

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Speaker 1: find a straight line from the north pole of the

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Speaker 1: equator if you're trying to get to a certain spot.

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Speaker 1: That's the Coriolis effect. Nice, I guess unless I'm missing something.

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Speaker 1: It seems kind of basic. Uh yeah, that's kind of

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Speaker 1: basic once you wrap your head around it. Uh. There

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Speaker 1: are some things that are slowing the earth down. Like

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Speaker 1: you said, the days are longer now than they used

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Speaker 1: to be. Uh, yes, they used to be what twenty

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Speaker 1: two hours you said fion years ago? Yeah, okay, um,

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Speaker 1: so we are slowing down. There is uh tidal friction

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Speaker 1: and the tide drags two point three milliseconds on each

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Speaker 1: century every hundred years. So that's pretty slow, right, But

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Speaker 1: it adds up over time, surely, of course it does.

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Speaker 1: Um weather can affect it. Two wins can actually slow

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Speaker 1: it down. Earthquakes can redistribute the mass and actually speed up.

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Speaker 1: Didn't it speed up in the earthquake in Japan? Yeah?

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Speaker 1: I think by um one point eight microseconds that the

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Speaker 1: Earth's day, it's solar day, was accelerated because that earthquake

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Speaker 1: was so massive. Nothing we could notice. What about magnetic

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Speaker 1: field though, That's okay, so what I don't fully get.

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Speaker 1: So with the magnetic field there, we're not quite sure

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Speaker 1: why Earth or how Earth has a magnetic field. But

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Speaker 1: the prevailing theory is that because of this coreolis effect

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Speaker 1: in the center of the earth, um whirlpools are created

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Speaker 1: of molten iron, and as this molten iron kind of

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Speaker 1: moves around informs these world pools that actually generates an

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Speaker 1: electrical field, an electrical current, which in turn generates a

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Speaker 1: magnetic field. So we have this magnetic field. We think

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Speaker 1: that's how we have it. But we also have long

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Speaker 1: suspected that the magnetic field protects the Earth from solar winds,

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Speaker 1: which are positively charged ions from the Sun that travel

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Speaker 1: about a million miles an hour off of the Sun

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Speaker 1: toward us, and they're about a million degrees celsius. And

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Speaker 1: we long thought that it protected our atmosphere from be

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Speaker 1: stripped of the ions that we need. Then we started

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Speaker 1: looking at other planets and um that don't have any

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Speaker 1: magnetic field, because I think it's just the Earth and

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Speaker 1: the Sun in our solar system are the only ones

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Speaker 1: with magnetic fields. UM. And we found that they lose

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Speaker 1: ions at about the same rate that our atmosphere loses ions.

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Speaker 1: So we don't know what the magnetic field is doing.

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Speaker 1: But I did come across this one interesting fact. We

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Speaker 1: lose about a ton of atmosphere a day, really yep,

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Speaker 1: and and mostly in the form of water vapor. So

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Speaker 1: the Earth is drying out very slowly. Wow. Ye boys,

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Speaker 1: So we're slowing down, We're drying out, and in four

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Speaker 1: million years will all be toasted. Yeah. That's pretty much

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Speaker 1: the long and short of this. And what what We

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Speaker 1: did a podcast on what would the Earth look like

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Speaker 1: in different inter roles in the future, and I think

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Speaker 1: we eventually landed on ultimately destruction and if we're even

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Speaker 1: here any longer. Yeah, exactly. We'll use the Earth up.

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Speaker 1: It's probably where we landed. Yeah, I think you're right. Well,

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Speaker 1: good going, Chuck. Let's hear for Chuck everybody. UM, do

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Speaker 1: you have anything else? I do not, sir. If you

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Speaker 1: want to learn more about the Earth standing still, go

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Speaker 1: to how stuff works dot com and type in earth

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Speaker 1: um and it will bring up some pretty cool articles

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Speaker 1: and probably an entire channel. There's Earth science just fascinates me. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: me too, I said, search bars somewhere in there, which

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Speaker 1: means it's time for a listener mail. Uh. You know

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Speaker 1: you called out for how we helped you in your

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Speaker 1: life emails. We got one from Rachel in Portland, Portland. Um,

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Speaker 1: you guys, Uh, you guys have helped me through some

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Speaker 1: of the toughest times in my life. I've shortened the

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Speaker 1: beginning and August I moved from a small town in

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Speaker 1: Mississippi to attend the University of Portland in Oregon. The

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Speaker 1: transition was rough, Needless to say, I did not handle

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Speaker 1: it well. I started smoking again, I had trouble focusing

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Speaker 1: on in attending classes, and I could tell that I

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Speaker 1: wasn't settling well or making friends. On top of all that,

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Speaker 1: my three year relationship with my high school sweetheart fell

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Speaker 1: apart because at the distance and stress of us both

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Speaker 1: beginning university. I began to relapse into depression, something I've

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Speaker 1: struggled with off and on for five years. Found myself

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Speaker 1: unable to listen to music, even because every song I

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Speaker 1: heard made me so sad, A one of those heartbreak

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Speaker 1: dates when you just sit around and like listen to

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Speaker 1: the radio and cry. I downloaded your podcast to listen

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Speaker 1: to as I walked to and front classes, and while

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Speaker 1: I did homework. Didn't notice at first, but every time

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Speaker 1: your podcast was on it made me laugh. I'd feel

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Speaker 1: a little bit better. About halfway through the semester, I

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Speaker 1: found the courage to seek help and visit the campus

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Speaker 1: health center for therapy and antidepressants. I am now my

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Speaker 1: second semester of college with a three point nine for

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Speaker 1: g p A. I have a few great friends, and

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Speaker 1: I'm even dating someone new. I love my school and

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Speaker 1: I love the city of Portland. I feel as if

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Speaker 1: your podcast servan integral part of helping me make the

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Speaker 1: transition from home to here. I've learned and laugh with y'all,

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Speaker 1: and now and then a southern draw will sneak into

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Speaker 1: one of your voices and make me nostalgic with this out.

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Speaker 1: It may sound silly, but I feel I'll come to

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Speaker 1: know you guys. I really want to thank you for

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Speaker 1: helping me through such a hard time. Rachel eighteen in Portland.

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Speaker 1: Thanks Rachel, it's awesome. I'm glad to hear you're doing better. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I had a rough first few weeks of college. I

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Speaker 1: think a lot of people do. And uh, I think

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Speaker 1: my advice is to just stick it out and before

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Speaker 1: you know it, you're gonna be loving it. I remember

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Speaker 1: my parents telling me that when I went off the camp,

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Speaker 1: oh yeah, even like camp. I did not like camp.

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Speaker 1: Did you like going off the college? Yeah, that's fine,

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Speaker 1: you're probably ready with that. Yeah, I was. I freaked

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Speaker 1: out because I at the last minute, I tried to

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Speaker 1: change to go to Georgia Tech because my brother was there,

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Speaker 1: and I was basically scared. I was like, I just

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Speaker 1: want to go to school with my brother, and uh

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Speaker 1: it didn't Uh it was too late to get the

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Speaker 1: application in and so I was like, all right, I

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Speaker 1: guess I'm going to Georgia by myself. And uh it

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Speaker 1: ended up being the greatest thing ever. But I'm glad

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Speaker 1: stuck it out, you know the rest of the story. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it is true. I mean, like, you know, just hanging

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Speaker 1: in there and being brave, even when it feels like

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Speaker 1: that's the worst thing to do. Often it's it's often

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Speaker 1: the best thing to do. And six years later and

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Speaker 1: I had a college diploma and a lot of friends

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Speaker 1: for life. It's good, chuckers. Uh, let's see. If you

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Speaker 1: have a great story about solar wind or how we've

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Speaker 1: helped you or call ite or whatever we want to

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Speaker 1: hear about it, you can find us on Twitter right

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Speaker 1: s y SK podcast. I feel like a lot of

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Speaker 1: you aren't getting that s y SK podcast. It's a

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Speaker 1: great Twitter feed. Yeah, Josh is the Twitter master. We

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Speaker 1: have a great Facebook page that Chuck helms Facebook dot

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Speaker 1: com slash stuff. You should know. People love that. You

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Speaker 1: can send us an email, which is fine. Uh. That's

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Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com and everybody, seriously, stop

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Speaker 1: what you're doing right now. Go to the home of

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Speaker 1: Josh and Chuck on the web. It's our very own website.

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Speaker 1: It's fun. It's called stuff. You should oh dot com

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Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Because

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Speaker 1: it how stuff works. Dot com m brought to you

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