1 00:00:02,720 --> 00:00:07,200 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 2 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:12,600 Speaker 2: Zara Huge covers climate at Bloomberg and she recently had 3 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:14,960 Speaker 2: the opportunity to take a trip to one of the 4 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:18,079 Speaker 2: hottest places in the world. And I took an elevator 5 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:22,360 Speaker 2: and upstairs in a university building. 6 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:25,920 Speaker 3: Elevator comes out in a corner and if you turn 7 00:00:26,079 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 3: left in Canada, there's this long, tall hallway. 8 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:32,680 Speaker 2: And all along that hallway is one of the world's 9 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:37,040 Speaker 2: largest research facilities dedicated to studying the effects of heat 10 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 2: on the human body. 11 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:41,440 Speaker 3: And we kind of just spent the day walking through 12 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 3: opening door number one, door number two, door number three. 13 00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:48,519 Speaker 2: Behind each one, there were people doing all kinds of tests. 14 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:49,599 Speaker 1: How's that it off? 15 00:00:51,159 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 3: It's okay. 16 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:55,040 Speaker 2: People like Janet Spencer. 17 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 3: She's seventy five years old. She describes herself as a 18 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 3: vet her in of the lab. She's retired. Specifically, she's 19 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:08,119 Speaker 3: a retired mediator for Canada's Human Rights Commission. 20 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:14,720 Speaker 4: I never imagined did that be a guinea pig for size? 21 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:19,199 Speaker 1: What temperature are we at? We're at thirty six degrees. 22 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:25,319 Speaker 3: So pretty warm for sure. Janet was doing what's called 23 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:27,800 Speaker 3: a passive trial, where she was just sort of hanging 24 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,240 Speaker 3: out in the heat. These can be full days. In March, 25 00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:33,880 Speaker 3: she was there for three days straight, which meant she 26 00:01:33,959 --> 00:01:36,560 Speaker 3: was sleeping in the room, and she described it as 27 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:38,520 Speaker 3: watching a ton of Netflix. 28 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:41,119 Speaker 2: When Zara met Janet, she'd only been in the lab 29 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 2: for an hour, but she was already feeling the effects. 30 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:47,600 Speaker 4: When I started, I brought my paper to read, and 31 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:50,520 Speaker 4: I managed to read that in the first half hour. 32 00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:54,080 Speaker 4: But right now, pretty much all I'm capable of is 33 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 4: playing mindless solitary games. 34 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 2: Help down the hall. Bob Striker was doing a very 35 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 2: different kind of experiment. 36 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 3: And how do you feel right now since I just 37 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 3: saw you walking on the chunnel. 38 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:07,400 Speaker 1: For a while in the heat. 39 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:08,840 Speaker 4: I'm tired, hunted. 40 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,600 Speaker 2: And in another room, Lutz Suckstorf was recovering from a 41 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:13,440 Speaker 2: cycling test. 42 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:16,799 Speaker 1: Mentally, it really starts to drain you like it. Really 43 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:20,440 Speaker 1: it becomes an effort, you know, literally that one foot 44 00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: in front of the other. If we had another half 45 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:24,920 Speaker 1: an hour, forty five minutes, my bloody would have started 46 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:26,520 Speaker 1: to saying, no, this is no fun anymore. 47 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:29,399 Speaker 2: When Janet, Bob and Lutz spoke with Zara, that kept 48 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:33,280 Speaker 2: the mood light, but their motivations for participating in this research, 49 00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 2: and the goals of the research itself are very serious. 50 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 2: Nearly half a million people die every year as a 51 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 2: result of extreme heat, according to research compiled by the 52 00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:50,240 Speaker 2: reinsurance company Swiss Ree. That's more than the total from hurricanes, earthquakes, 53 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:54,800 Speaker 2: and floods combined, and Zara says the real number is 54 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:56,040 Speaker 2: likely even higher. 55 00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:00,960 Speaker 3: Often we're just maybe tracking the most extreme cases that 56 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:05,600 Speaker 3: are coming through hospitals. But you know, if you're dying 57 00:03:06,040 --> 00:03:08,360 Speaker 3: from a heart problem that was tied to the heat, 58 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,240 Speaker 3: that might not necessarily be recorded as a heat death. 59 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 3: So you know, it is a really big number that 60 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,320 Speaker 3: we don't even have a full grasp on. 61 00:03:19,600 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 2: I'm Sarah Holder, and this is the big take from 62 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:25,600 Speaker 2: Bloomberg News Today. On the show, the researchers on the 63 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 2: forefront of the latest science on deadly heat, why everyone's 64 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:32,560 Speaker 2: at more risk than they think, and what actually works 65 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:42,120 Speaker 2: to mitigate those risks. The Heat Lab at the University 66 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 2: of Ottawa, the Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, has 67 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 2: been around since two thousand and Over the last two decades, 68 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:52,560 Speaker 2: the lab has been at the forefront of studying human's 69 00:03:52,640 --> 00:03:55,120 Speaker 2: ability to live and work in the heat. 70 00:03:55,480 --> 00:03:57,120 Speaker 1: A lot of the work that I am doing is 71 00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:00,360 Speaker 1: really focused on understanding the impacts of heat exposure on 72 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:02,680 Speaker 1: the health well being of the general public and markers. 73 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,480 Speaker 2: The man in charge is doctor Glenn Kenny. He's been 74 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:08,960 Speaker 2: studying the effects of heat on the human body for 75 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 2: thirty five years and he says, in many ways, this 76 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:13,960 Speaker 2: is an old problem. 77 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: When we think about, for example, workers, and we think 78 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:20,360 Speaker 1: about the impacts that heat has, this is not new. 79 00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:22,560 Speaker 1: This is something we've known for decades. 80 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 2: But as the climate changes, heat is only growing more extreme. 81 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:30,360 Speaker 3: It was only a couple of years ago, in twenty 82 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 3: twenty one that the Western Heat Dome, which was this 83 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:37,280 Speaker 3: really deadly heat wave hit the western part of Canada, 84 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:41,279 Speaker 3: also the western part of the US, but in Western Canada, 85 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:44,400 Speaker 3: like over six hundred people died. A lot of them 86 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 3: were elderly, and a lot of them that were people 87 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:49,719 Speaker 3: living in their home who didn't have air conditioning and 88 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 3: they're basically cooking in their homes, and people didn't have 89 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:54,919 Speaker 3: a way to kind of check in on them, and 90 00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 3: unfortunately a lot of them didn't realize they were too 91 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:03,119 Speaker 3: uncomfortably hot until it was too late because of their 92 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 3: impered ability to sense it. Kenny says, to keep people safe, 93 00:05:07,600 --> 00:05:11,280 Speaker 3: you need to understand how heat affects different kinds of bodies. 94 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:15,719 Speaker 3: He says that older heat guidelines have typically been based 95 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:19,440 Speaker 3: on research focused on young, healthy people who've had limited 96 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,720 Speaker 3: heat exposures, think a couple of hours at a time. 97 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:27,000 Speaker 3: That's where his test subjects come in. Kenny and his 98 00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:30,400 Speaker 3: team use specialized equipment to measure how extreme heat can 99 00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:34,520 Speaker 3: affect body temperature in simulated real world conditions. 100 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:39,560 Speaker 1: We have an apartment styled chamber where we have a bag, 101 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:42,080 Speaker 1: where we have a kitchen, a washroom, where we can 102 00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:45,560 Speaker 1: bring in the patient and have them live within that 103 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:49,000 Speaker 1: chamber so that we can understand what happens to them 104 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:52,279 Speaker 1: and monitor them not only during the daytime, but also 105 00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:55,680 Speaker 1: what is the impact all that heat exposure on sleep. 106 00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:59,159 Speaker 2: Kenny also has another secret weapon, a one of a 107 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 2: kind air calorimeter, which is lab uses to measure the 108 00:06:02,839 --> 00:06:06,320 Speaker 2: amount of heat released from or absorbed in the body. 109 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:09,440 Speaker 1: So we did that before and after the three day exposure, 110 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:12,359 Speaker 1: so we can see if there's a decrease in my 111 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:17,480 Speaker 1: capacity to space, So is that exposure also causing deterioration 112 00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:19,359 Speaker 1: in my ability through will regulate? 113 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:23,440 Speaker 2: But that's not the only data the lab is collecting. 114 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:28,160 Speaker 2: The team keeps close tabs on participants cognitive and physical performance, 115 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:32,160 Speaker 2: and records detailed updates on their temperatures. 116 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:37,760 Speaker 3: These are actually pretty uncomfortable trials. I mean, the more 117 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,760 Speaker 3: I was learning about it and talking with people, I'm like, 118 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:42,280 Speaker 3: I'm not sure I would want to do this. They 119 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:46,039 Speaker 3: do a lot of tracking of your temperature, and we 120 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:49,080 Speaker 3: may think, oh, you can take their skin temperatures right 121 00:06:49,080 --> 00:06:51,360 Speaker 3: when you go to the hospital or the doctor and 122 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:54,120 Speaker 3: they check to see if you have a fever. But 123 00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 3: that's really not the best way to get a gauge 124 00:06:56,520 --> 00:06:59,680 Speaker 3: of how hot your insights are. That's called a skin temperature, 125 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:02,800 Speaker 3: but it's better to get a core temperature, and there 126 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:04,960 Speaker 3: are a couple different ways they can do that, including 127 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 3: putting something down your esophagus, which is like really intrusive, 128 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:13,520 Speaker 3: but also the more common is like a rectal pro 129 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 3: and that was tracking their core temperature that she was 130 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:18,200 Speaker 3: sort of wearing on a fanny pack. 131 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,000 Speaker 2: Armed with the data from these experiments, Kenny's lab has 132 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:24,800 Speaker 2: been assessing whether the upper limit for a safe indoor 133 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 2: temperature recommended by some Canadian officials twenty six degrees celsius 134 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:33,600 Speaker 2: or just under seventy nine degrees fahrenheit is actually safe, 135 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:36,880 Speaker 2: and they've found that for a day, it seems to be. 136 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,520 Speaker 2: What they're trying to figure out now is how the 137 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:43,080 Speaker 2: body responds to those temperatures over longer periods of time. 138 00:07:43,480 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: When you are exposed to temperatures above twenty six degrees celsius, 139 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:51,640 Speaker 1: older adults and individuals with chronic diseases are going to 140 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: start seeing increases in their level of physiological strength. But 141 00:07:55,800 --> 00:07:59,840 Speaker 1: I want you to imagine that increase in temperature is 142 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 1: a strain. Go out and exercise and keep that stress. Now, 143 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: that's a stress, and that stress is essentially maintained over time. 144 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 1: That person is going overheat. If that heat wave stays 145 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:13,240 Speaker 1: and overheating is consistent, that strain will remain. 146 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:17,960 Speaker 2: So in a warming world, how can people reduce the 147 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,680 Speaker 2: strains that come with extreme heat? And are all cooling 148 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:33,840 Speaker 2: options created equal? That's after the break. Here in New 149 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,680 Speaker 2: York where I am, when a heat wave hits, the 150 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:40,640 Speaker 2: city opens up public cooling centers. But doctor Glenn Kenny, 151 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:43,360 Speaker 2: who runs one of the world's largest heat labs at 152 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:47,720 Speaker 2: the University of Ottawa, says cooling centers alone don't totally 153 00:08:47,800 --> 00:08:50,200 Speaker 2: protect against the risks of extreme heat. 154 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: The problem is, upon re entering to the heat, you 155 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:55,240 Speaker 1: haven't removed all that heat from the body. Air is 156 00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 1: not a good conductor of heat unlike water, right, so 157 00:08:58,080 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 1: one of the things upon reenter the heat, the bible 158 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,600 Speaker 1: actually warmed up very quickly. So the challenge is is 159 00:09:03,640 --> 00:09:06,760 Speaker 1: that that person feels very well, They feel more relaxed, 160 00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:10,880 Speaker 1: they feel cooler. Problem is, within a couple hours their 161 00:09:10,920 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: body heats up very fast and get as hot as 162 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:16,280 Speaker 1: their non cool counterpart. So imagine they're gonna they may 163 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: not adjust their behavior because essentially they feel better. So 164 00:09:20,440 --> 00:09:24,800 Speaker 1: the problem is is feeling better actually masks the risk 165 00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,160 Speaker 1: that they face because their temperatures are equally as. 166 00:09:27,120 --> 00:09:30,760 Speaker 2: High Bloomberg Zara here Ge, says Another researcher, this one 167 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 2: at the University of Sydney, who did his post doc 168 00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:36,600 Speaker 2: at Kenny's lab, looked at the efficacy of fans and 169 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:39,959 Speaker 2: how they could be used in Bangladeshi garment factories, where 170 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:43,120 Speaker 2: workers face especially hot and humid conditions. 171 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 3: Every part of the world, heat is a combination of 172 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:52,000 Speaker 3: high temperatures and humidity, So in a place like Bangladesh, 173 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:54,360 Speaker 3: you can have much higher humidity than you might in 174 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:57,720 Speaker 3: some other places, and so that's a key thing to understand, 175 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 3: and the type of solution that you then have to 176 00:10:01,760 --> 00:10:05,640 Speaker 3: keep people cool can be different. So you know, when 177 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:08,840 Speaker 3: we're looking, for example, at electric fans, like how effective 178 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 3: are they as compared to air conditioning. Air Conditioning is 179 00:10:12,559 --> 00:10:14,439 Speaker 3: always going to be the best, but not everybody has 180 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 3: access to that, right, especially across the developing world. So 181 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:21,960 Speaker 3: a key part of cooling is not just sweating, but 182 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,880 Speaker 3: then that sweat be able to cool or to dry off. 183 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,280 Speaker 3: It's that drying piece that is essential. If you're just 184 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,560 Speaker 3: sweating and sweating and sweating, you are going to keep 185 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:36,280 Speaker 3: overheating and so you need it to continually be drying 186 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 3: to be it effective. And so that's one thing where 187 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:41,440 Speaker 3: a fan in a particularly human environment might be helpful 188 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,400 Speaker 3: because it can help kind of encourage sweating to have 189 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:47,079 Speaker 3: that maximum potential. 190 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:52,080 Speaker 2: But it's worth noting fans also come with risks. In 191 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:56,040 Speaker 2: extremely hot and dry climates, fans can actually heat people 192 00:10:56,120 --> 00:11:00,439 Speaker 2: up faster, and like cooling centers, Kenny says, us fans 193 00:11:00,480 --> 00:11:03,679 Speaker 2: can give people a false sense of security. They can 194 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:06,560 Speaker 2: make you feel better while you're using them. So good 195 00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:09,280 Speaker 2: that you may feel well enough to go back out 196 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:10,000 Speaker 2: in the heat. 197 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:13,160 Speaker 1: But what's important here is it doesn't reduce the strain 198 00:11:13,280 --> 00:11:16,720 Speaker 1: on the body. It makes you feel better, that again 199 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:20,600 Speaker 1: mass the potential dangers that you might experience because you're 200 00:11:20,640 --> 00:11:23,720 Speaker 1: not able to sense the fact that you are probably 201 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:26,440 Speaker 1: going to be overheated, or you are overheated, you're. 202 00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:30,600 Speaker 2: Understrainth The United Nations has used Kenny's research to inform 203 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:34,520 Speaker 2: its worker safety recommendations, and Zara says it's not just 204 00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 2: governments that are taking notice. Companies like smart Cone are too. 205 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:42,640 Speaker 2: They make devices and wearables to monitor the temperature on 206 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:43,360 Speaker 2: job sites. 207 00:11:43,800 --> 00:11:48,040 Speaker 3: One of the clients they're currently working with is United 208 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:51,559 Speaker 3: the airline company, which is told me how they are 209 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 3: testing out smart Cones wearable device which helps monitor heat 210 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 3: exposure and worker exerts at employees working on the tarmac 211 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,680 Speaker 3: and on the ground at Phoenix Airport. So this is still. 212 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:10,960 Speaker 2: Early days, egg frying on the tarmac condition right, probably right, 213 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,719 Speaker 2: but real world example of how this is playing out. 214 00:12:15,040 --> 00:12:17,920 Speaker 2: Zara says that when she asks heat researchers about the 215 00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 2: next big questions in their field, their answers usually fall 216 00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:23,240 Speaker 2: into two camps. 217 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:28,600 Speaker 3: The first was what are the most practical takeaways we 218 00:12:28,679 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 3: can get in the applications of this work to really 219 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:36,240 Speaker 3: help best improve people's safety today. And then it's what's 220 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:38,960 Speaker 3: going to happen in the future. How do we understand 221 00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:42,240 Speaker 3: how hot is it actually going to get? And then 222 00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:44,960 Speaker 3: what does that mean for people's health. Part of the 223 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:47,920 Speaker 3: interesting research that's going on is trying to understand that, 224 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:51,320 Speaker 3: and it really is a whole bunch of unknowns and 225 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:55,440 Speaker 3: really like we don't know what is the limit. I 226 00:12:55,480 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 3: feel like that's a lot of what this work is 227 00:12:57,080 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 3: trying to figure out. 228 00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 2: This is The Big Take from Bloomberg News. I'm Sarah Holder. 229 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 2: The show is hosted by Me, David Gera, Juan ha 230 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:13,520 Speaker 2: and Seleiah Mosen. The show is made by Aaron Edwards, 231 00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:18,000 Speaker 2: David Fox, Eleanor Harrison Dengate, Patti Hirsch, Rachel Lewis, Krisky, 232 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:23,400 Speaker 2: Naomi un, Julia Press, Tracy Samuelson, Naomi Shaven, Alex Suguiera, 233 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:28,199 Speaker 2: Julia Weaver, Yang Yong, and Taka Yasuzawa. To get more 234 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:30,480 Speaker 2: from The Big Take and unlimited access to all of 235 00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 2: Bloomberg dot Com, subscribe today at Bloomberg dot com. Slash 236 00:13:34,720 --> 00:13:39,720 Speaker 2: podcast offer. Thanks for listening. We'll be back on Monday.