WEBVTT - The Māori Fight for Liberation: Part 2 Ft. Andrew 0:00:05.040 --> 0:00:07.440 Hey everyone, and welcome back to it could happen here. 0:00:08.320 --> 0:00:10.680 In my last part, I spoke a bit about the 0:00:10.760 --> 0:00:16.000 historical context of the Mari struggle New Zealand or Autua. 0:00:17.360 --> 0:00:22.160 Spoke about these seeds of contemporary Mari activism, the involvement 0:00:22.200 --> 0:00:26.400 of Mari in the trade union movements and the development 0:00:26.440 --> 0:00:30.280 of Mari women's movements, as well as the development of 0:00:30.360 --> 0:00:35.240 the Brown Power slogan and the split between the movements 0:00:35.360 --> 0:00:40.599 more radical and more conservative coalitions, with the former eventually 0:00:40.640 --> 0:00:44.480 going on to as inspired by the Black Panther parts 0:00:44.479 --> 0:00:49.880 in the US, formed the Polynesian Panthers. For those one awhere, 0:00:50.200 --> 0:00:52.920 this is it could happen here. I am Andrew of 0:00:52.960 --> 0:00:57.920 the Channel Andriwism and I'm joined by Garrison is also 0:00:58.320 --> 0:01:02.880 on this zoom call as we discuss the Maori land 0:01:02.960 --> 0:01:08.080 rights movement now. The struggle against Mari oppression racism led 0:01:08.080 --> 0:01:10.959 to a division within the movement regarding whether the existing 0:01:11.000 --> 0:01:14.360 political structures could bring about a real change or for 0:01:14.520 --> 0:01:18.200 complete overthrow of the system was necessary. The failure to 0:01:18.240 --> 0:01:22.280 address land alienation through official channels created a sense of 0:01:22.480 --> 0:01:27.160 pessimism about the government's commitments to Mari rights. The Mari 0:01:27.319 --> 0:01:30.040 land rights movement emerged from nineteen seventy five to nineteen 0:01:30.080 --> 0:01:34.160 seventy eight, bringing together diverse range of activists. The sort 0:01:34.200 --> 0:01:37.720 alliances with workers both Mari and Paquale, viewing them as 0:01:37.800 --> 0:01:41.080 natural allies in the fight against oppression. The common enemy 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:46.160 was seen as the racist and capitalist state. The occupation 0:01:46.400 --> 0:01:51.600 of Bastion Point and subsequent eviction from Bastian Point intensified 0:01:51.640 --> 0:01:54.560 the direct conflict that the movements were happened with the state. 0:01:55.400 --> 0:01:59.720 It garnered their public support and also their involvement from 0:01:59.800 --> 0:02:04.760 the Paka left. The Auckland Trades Council placed a quote 0:02:04.800 --> 0:02:08.040 unquote green band on the area, which went refusing to 0:02:08.080 --> 0:02:11.800 allow work to commence on the planned subdivision, and a 0:02:11.880 --> 0:02:16.959 north shore contractor even donated six trucks, including two Bitjumin 0:02:17.040 --> 0:02:21.240 tankers to help with a planned blockade. The occupation at 0:02:21.280 --> 0:02:25.120 Bastian Point was followed by arrests at the Ragland golf Course, 0:02:25.800 --> 0:02:31.960 and many of those arrested were representatives of various activist groups. 0:02:33.440 --> 0:02:36.919 The land rights movement and the struggle against racism radicalized 0:02:37.040 --> 0:02:40.080 a group of Mari women who were already part of 0:02:40.160 --> 0:02:45.640 Niagaratamatoa to go on to form the Capital b Capital 0:02:45.840 --> 0:02:51.200 w Capital Black Women's Movement. In the early nineteen eighties, 0:02:51.240 --> 0:02:54.640 the Waitangi Action Committee married People's Liberation Movement to our 0:02:54.680 --> 0:02:58.960 tro and the Black Women's Movement emerged as prominent Maori 0:02:59.000 --> 0:03:03.240 political activist group, primarily based in Auckland, New Zealand. They 0:03:03.280 --> 0:03:07.200 continued the protest tradition of Nagata Matoo with annual protests 0:03:07.240 --> 0:03:11.720 to the Watangi Day celebrations, and they even came up 0:03:11.720 --> 0:03:14.200 with the idea to call it the Cheaty of White 0:03:14.240 --> 0:03:17.320 Tange instead of the Treaty of White Tanky very clearful, 0:03:17.840 --> 0:03:21.320 and they also called for a boycott of the celebrations. 0:03:22.480 --> 0:03:26.480 Not initially, Mario activists had collaborated with certain Pakeha anti 0:03:26.560 --> 0:03:31.720 racist groups, but that association was weakened after divisions emerged 0:03:31.800 --> 0:03:35.280 during the anti Springbok Tour protests in nineteen eighty one, which, 0:03:35.320 --> 0:03:37.720 as you may remember from the previous episode, was a 0:03:37.760 --> 0:03:41.240 protest against the national rugby team's participation in a tour 0:03:41.320 --> 0:03:46.760 that included apartheid South Africa. The perception was that Alissa 0:03:46.760 --> 0:03:49.880 mong Lari that many Pakeha had failed to recognize the 0:03:49.960 --> 0:03:54.040 connection between apartheid in South Africa and colonialism and racism 0:03:54.080 --> 0:03:56.600 in New Zealand, and so the bonds between those two 0:03:56.600 --> 0:04:00.000 movements would beginning to weekend. Ad On top of that 0:04:00.000 --> 0:04:03.120 that a prolonged economic crisis that was taking place in 0:04:03.120 --> 0:04:06.240 New Zealand during the nineteen seventies nineteen eighties as a 0:04:06.280 --> 0:04:10.240 result of course of the inherent tendencies of capitalism, the 0:04:10.240 --> 0:04:13.600 government had to grapple with the crisis of political legitimacy 0:04:13.640 --> 0:04:17.560 and of economic management, and that of course fueled further 0:04:19.040 --> 0:04:22.800 ethnic and gender inequalities, further social unrest and worstening economic 0:04:22.880 --> 0:04:28.000 conditions and increases in unemployment. The upsoar should take place 0:04:28.080 --> 0:04:31.920 during that time in MARI protest really highlighted the marginalized 0:04:31.960 --> 0:04:35.040 position that MARI were dealing with In New Zealand society 0:04:35.440 --> 0:04:39.280 and studies ended up confirming their disproportionately poor educational outcomes, 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:43.800 high unemployment rates, low incomes, health issues, high imprisonment rates, 0:04:44.000 --> 0:04:47.080 low rates of home ownership, and dependence on the state. 0:04:48.279 --> 0:04:51.040 Whilst some ARIA activists had sourced strategies to challenge the 0:04:51.080 --> 0:04:55.120 system and addresses inequalities, others ended up pursuing struggles that 0:04:55.200 --> 0:04:58.120 posed little threat to the state and failed to address 0:04:58.160 --> 0:05:03.520 the courses of economic and social crisis is inherent to capitalism. Now, 0:05:03.520 --> 0:05:06.920 the initial focus of Marie culture nationalism was on secure 0:05:06.960 --> 0:05:11.960 in Mari studies and language programs in the educational system. However, 0:05:12.240 --> 0:05:16.160 the move on eventually shifted its emphasis towards this rediscovering 0:05:16.200 --> 0:05:20.240 Mari history and culture more broadly, and along the way 0:05:21.040 --> 0:05:26.000 there was less emphasis on putting together a robust political 0:05:26.120 --> 0:05:30.719 movement and robust strategies for broader social change. And while 0:05:30.760 --> 0:05:33.880 Failiar movements had a very clear focus on left wing politics, 0:05:34.160 --> 0:05:35.960 it's also around this time that we see a shift 0:05:35.960 --> 0:05:39.640 towards a broader range of politics, including right wing. One 0:05:39.640 --> 0:05:41.760 of the most important works in the Maria Actress movement 0:05:41.760 --> 0:05:45.400 at the time was Donna Aurtiri's Maori Sovereignty, published in 0:05:45.440 --> 0:05:49.120 nineteen eighty four, and that book was really less of 0:05:49.120 --> 0:05:52.040 a critique of right wing racist politics and more a 0:05:52.040 --> 0:05:54.920 critique of left social movements, which, according to our Tiri 0:05:55.839 --> 0:05:59.600 was committed to a status co characterized by white supremacy 0:06:00.000 --> 0:06:00.960 and Mari subbort nation. 0:06:01.560 --> 0:06:02.920 And she was calling everybody out. 0:06:03.000 --> 0:06:06.680 She was calling Pakeha activists, whether they be feminists, trade unionists, 0:06:06.720 --> 0:06:09.840 socialists or otherwise, she called them all out as being 0:06:10.000 --> 0:06:13.280 committed to the status chop of white supremacy and Marie 0:06:13.279 --> 0:06:17.520 subord Nationia. Around this time, there was also a growing 0:06:17.600 --> 0:06:24.040 sense that pake Has society was intrinsically based in competition, 0:06:24.320 --> 0:06:27.560 exploitation and material success, as opposed to. 0:06:27.720 --> 0:06:30.760 Maori society in Maori values, which. 0:06:32.040 --> 0:06:37.920 Culturally was more communal, more collaborative, and more focused on 0:06:37.960 --> 0:06:41.480 the wellness of the whole. As the solution was seen 0:06:41.560 --> 0:06:46.000 as really emphasizing cultural consciousness. But the emphasis and cultural 0:06:46.000 --> 0:06:51.400 consciousness Alwin often led Mary away from political activism and 0:06:51.520 --> 0:06:59.320 towards purely cultural vitalist pursuits. In nineteen eighty four, the 0:06:59.480 --> 0:07:03.240 Fourth Labor Government was elected and it sort of addressed 0:07:03.240 --> 0:07:06.599 the rise in Mari protests by enhancing the status of 0:07:06.680 --> 0:07:11.679 Mari culture specifically and incorporating Mari representation and practices within 0:07:11.760 --> 0:07:15.920 state institution shots This approach is known as biculturalism, and 0:07:16.000 --> 0:07:19.400 it extended the jurisdiction of the White Tanki Tribunal and 0:07:19.520 --> 0:07:25.240 incorporated Maori personnel and cultural symbolism into government institutions for 0:07:25.280 --> 0:07:28.040 those who made a mist up. The White Tanky Tribunal 0:07:28.520 --> 0:07:33.600 was basically institutions set up to deal with specific cases 0:07:34.320 --> 0:07:38.280 of violations of the White Tangi Treaty, and so by 0:07:38.320 --> 0:07:41.720 extending jurisdiction with White Tanki Tribunal, by incorporating more Maori 0:07:41.840 --> 0:07:44.080 into positions of government and of power. 0:07:44.480 --> 0:07:45.040 This gave this. 0:07:45.040 --> 0:07:48.360 Illusion of a partnership and ended up satisfying some of 0:07:48.440 --> 0:07:52.160 the Mari demands for self detamination. But at the same time, 0:07:52.280 --> 0:07:55.960 and again echoes to other movements around the world. You 0:07:56.040 --> 0:07:59.880 see that the government seeds certain ground, but it does 0:08:00.080 --> 0:08:05.000 so so it doesn't lose other fights. It pretends to 0:08:05.080 --> 0:08:08.520 lose certain battles so that it can win the war 0:08:09.200 --> 0:08:14.360 right because in conceding to more reformist demands of the movement, 0:08:15.480 --> 0:08:18.960 it allowed them to marginalize and to disempower the movements 0:08:19.080 --> 0:08:23.240 more radical demands, and it allowed them to you know, 0:08:23.400 --> 0:08:27.840 put forward this pr phase of doing a good thing 0:08:27.840 --> 0:08:32.520 for the Maria community while not actually challenging the underlying 0:08:32.600 --> 0:08:37.800 social relations of racist and capitalist society. Basically, the state's 0:08:37.840 --> 0:08:41.280 adoption of ethnic rhetoric and corporation of Mario elites into 0:08:41.280 --> 0:08:45.000 state institutions save to appease a decent portion of Mari 0:08:45.120 --> 0:08:58.880 protests while maintaining the start scope. Now, after the Labor 0:08:58.880 --> 0:09:02.439 government had introduce used the Treaty of waitang Gi Amendment ART, 0:09:02.520 --> 0:09:06.120 which expanded the powers of the Waite Tangi Tribunal in 0:09:06.200 --> 0:09:10.280 nineteen eighty five. The White Tangi Tribunal actually had very 0:09:10.320 --> 0:09:14.200 little power when it came to enforcing its recommendations. So 0:09:14.240 --> 0:09:17.079 it would hear out these cases of land theft. It 0:09:17.120 --> 0:09:21.680 would hear out, you know, these Maori individuals or groups 0:09:21.960 --> 0:09:25.000 would invested a lot of time and energy and resources 0:09:25.120 --> 0:09:29.080 into their land claim cases. The tribunal would find them correct. 0:09:29.120 --> 0:09:30.959 It's like, oh, yeah, they did steal from you. You 0:09:30.960 --> 0:09:33.559 probably should get that land back. But the only thing 0:09:33.679 --> 0:09:37.000 is we can really help you. The tribunal which was 0:09:37.040 --> 0:09:39.280 set up to help with these cases didn't actually have 0:09:39.360 --> 0:09:43.080 the power to enforce its recommendations, to actually enforce the 0:09:43.160 --> 0:09:45.800 settlements that came to it was toothless, so it really 0:09:45.840 --> 0:09:46.360 end up being. 0:09:46.240 --> 0:09:47.160 A waste of energy. 0:09:48.000 --> 0:09:50.520 And at the same time, the Labor government was doing 0:09:50.559 --> 0:09:54.280 some economic restructuring to reduce government expenditure and implement an 0:09:54.360 --> 0:10:00.439 economic plan to restore profitability, which included measures like deregulation, privateization, 0:10:01.160 --> 0:10:05.160 dismantled with the welfare state. Again echoes this is new 0:10:05.240 --> 0:10:10.280 liberalism one O one Thatcher regan all of them because 0:10:10.280 --> 0:10:12.720 the claims that were made to the White Tangia Tribunal 0:10:12.720 --> 0:10:16.200 and the recommendations made by the tribunal posed obstacles to 0:10:16.280 --> 0:10:21.000 that sale of state owned enterprises and that further restruction 0:10:21.120 --> 0:10:25.080 the economy towards more new liberal ends. There was a 0:10:25.160 --> 0:10:29.560 crowingcent within the government that this was quote unquote special 0:10:29.640 --> 0:10:35.880 treatment for Mari. Added the political costs associated with the 0:10:35.920 --> 0:10:39.080 tribunal was just causing too much headache for the government. 0:10:39.360 --> 0:10:40.559 And so by nineteen eighty. 0:10:40.400 --> 0:10:44.640 Nine, just four years after they introduced that act, under 0:10:45.200 --> 0:10:49.640 the immense pressure of you know, these mad people getting 0:10:49.640 --> 0:10:53.560 in the way of their ability to new liberalize, the 0:10:53.640 --> 0:10:56.920 Labor government ended up downplaying the significance of a treaty policy. 0:10:58.520 --> 0:11:00.680 And while that's going on, the and Hiss co opt 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:04.800 and key individuals in the Mari protest movement through various 0:11:04.960 --> 0:11:09.360 negotiations and consultations, one and more of this quote unquote 0:11:09.400 --> 0:11:12.439 Mari elite was being brought into the fold of the state. 0:11:12.880 --> 0:11:15.920 Came in privileged positions and wealth, and so they became 0:11:16.400 --> 0:11:20.920 insulated from the grass roots Mario struggle. The following government, 0:11:21.040 --> 0:11:25.840 not the Labor government, but the national government also sort 0:11:25.920 --> 0:11:30.200 to restore profitable investment in the New Zealand economy and 0:11:30.280 --> 0:11:33.280 to address some of the uncertainty created by the treaty claims. 0:11:33.800 --> 0:11:39.120 And so they went to the Mari elite did their 0:11:39.120 --> 0:11:42.800 little negotiations and they decided to settle certain claims to 0:11:42.840 --> 0:11:45.640 the fisheries around New Zealand. That became known as the 0:11:45.679 --> 0:11:50.600 Sea Lord's Deal, which caused a lot of headache and 0:11:50.600 --> 0:11:53.160 anger and divisions in the Marie community because of the 0:11:53.320 --> 0:11:57.920 lack of transparency and democracy in these negotiations. The deal 0:11:58.040 --> 0:12:00.720 was made between the New Zealand government and a group 0:12:00.760 --> 0:12:04.000 of Mari corporate entities known as the Sea Loord Group 0:12:04.640 --> 0:12:07.520 in nineteen ninety two, and under this agreement, the Sea 0:12:07.559 --> 0:12:11.640 Lord Group, which was said to represent Mari interests, acquired 0:12:11.679 --> 0:12:15.200 a fifty percent stake in Sea Loord, which is a 0:12:15.280 --> 0:12:19.360 major seafood company New Zealand. The other fifty percent remained 0:12:19.520 --> 0:12:23.240 with the Japanese fishing company Nisui. And so the deal 0:12:23.320 --> 0:12:26.280 was seeing as a resolution like, yeah, we put ourselves 0:12:26.280 --> 0:12:29.200 in the back. The Maori were making these claims over 0:12:29.280 --> 0:12:33.360 fishery resources. So we met up with some Mari businessmen 0:12:33.480 --> 0:12:35.680 and gave them a fifty percent steak in sea lord 0:12:36.040 --> 0:12:39.840 problem solved right now. You know, they will get some 0:12:39.880 --> 0:12:43.080 commercial benefits from the fishing industry, but no more than 0:12:43.120 --> 0:12:43.720 fifty percent. 0:12:43.760 --> 0:12:46.120 Though of course, as a result, a lot. 0:12:46.040 --> 0:12:49.079 Of Maori were arguing that, no, this is not addically 0:12:49.120 --> 0:12:53.400 address or crevances. The settlement is not sufficient, and on 0:12:53.440 --> 0:12:55.800 top of that, why you're going to make anyse backrooms 0:12:55.840 --> 0:12:59.839 deals and not consulting the community as a whole. 0:13:01.640 --> 0:13:02.920 The positions or. 0:13:02.920 --> 0:13:04.839 The opinions of one does not represent all of us. 0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:08.560 And it's actually kind of similar to what was happening 0:13:08.840 --> 0:13:11.280 during the initial stages of the land theft that was 0:13:11.320 --> 0:13:16.840 taking place during New Zealand's colonization, because when I mentioned 0:13:16.840 --> 0:13:19.719 in the first part that some of the land were 0:13:19.760 --> 0:13:24.520 so legitimately, what I mean by that is certain Mari 0:13:24.640 --> 0:13:31.280 individuals saw an opportunity to profit by screwing over everybody 0:13:31.280 --> 0:13:35.520 else in their community. So they would claim, oh, yeah, 0:13:35.600 --> 0:13:37.800 this is my land, complete disregarding the fact that this 0:13:37.840 --> 0:13:40.040 is coming a land that it has been for generations. 0:13:40.400 --> 0:13:43.679 This is my land, so I will sell it to you. 0:13:43.679 --> 0:13:47.040 You give me the money, and so I you know, 0:13:47.440 --> 0:13:48.880 profit and a real. 0:13:48.760 --> 0:13:49.240 Sort of suck. 0:13:49.280 --> 0:13:54.520 So as kind of seeing that mirrored in this nineties context, 0:13:55.280 --> 0:13:57.920 and then at this time with the divisions in the 0:13:57.920 --> 0:14:00.959 Maria community over the decisions made by these Mari elites, 0:14:01.320 --> 0:14:05.000 they were even further divisions strained by some negotiations that 0:14:05.040 --> 0:14:08.760 were also taking place for the government's one billion dollar 0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:12.439 fiscal Envelope, which was an attempt to evoke a full 0:14:12.520 --> 0:14:17.840 and final settlement of all remaining treaty of Aitangi claims. Basically, 0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:22.400 the government was saying, here, here have some money, get 0:14:22.440 --> 0:14:26.280 out of the way, shut up, does it so called 0:14:26.320 --> 0:14:31.200 reparations right, And so there was another upsurge of Mari 0:14:31.320 --> 0:14:34.800 protests and you know, more of people were frustrated and 0:14:34.840 --> 0:14:37.880 there was traited desperation because there was really a lack 0:14:37.920 --> 0:14:40.760 of options for resolve and the grievances. 0:14:40.200 --> 0:14:40.960 That they were dealing with. 0:14:41.800 --> 0:14:43.840 Some of the protests were continuing the struggle with the 0:14:43.920 --> 0:14:46.120 land right to move on in the nineteen seventies, but 0:14:46.200 --> 0:14:49.800 others were challenging the decision making power of the EE bodies. 0:14:50.160 --> 0:14:52.920 EE bodies, by the way, are the largest representative bodies 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:58.720 of Mari in Altai Aura. They're like mega tribes, and 0:14:58.800 --> 0:15:01.520 so there was an increasing fri stration among Sa Marii 0:15:02.040 --> 0:15:07.240 of you know, these representative bodies inability to accurately represent them. 0:15:08.080 --> 0:15:11.080 And another key component to this division was the fact 0:15:11.080 --> 0:15:16.400 that the more middle class elements, middle class professional elements 0:15:16.440 --> 0:15:21.720 of the married population were enjoying an expansion opportunities and 0:15:21.760 --> 0:15:25.600 were growing in wealth and prestige, but they were leaving 0:15:25.680 --> 0:15:29.200 behind the working class Mari population, which was still struggling 0:15:29.200 --> 0:15:32.800 in the same way they had been for decades. The 0:15:32.840 --> 0:15:36.000 policies of both the Labor government and the national government 0:15:36.680 --> 0:15:42.560 disproportionately impacted working class Mari communities, and the movement that 0:15:42.720 --> 0:15:45.720 was supposed to represent them had lost sight of them 0:15:45.760 --> 0:15:51.560 and their interests. There was a lack of intermovement solidarity, 0:15:52.120 --> 0:15:56.360 of pushing for fundamental social change instead of these individual changes, 0:15:56.920 --> 0:16:04.120 and there was a sense of crumbling internal cohesion. Some marioctivists, 0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:06.480 such as te Ahu, who like I said in my 0:16:06.480 --> 0:16:11.320 first spot, I drew primarily from their work when researching 0:16:12.720 --> 0:16:17.200 this particular history, and they were very critical of that 0:16:17.400 --> 0:16:22.280 historical period and particularly of the personalization of the conflict 0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:25.640 for liberation, and so their position was that by focus 0:16:25.720 --> 0:16:29.560 on individual relationships and prejudices, rather than challenging the systemic 0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:33.160 structures perpetuating oppression. It left the struggle to be fought 0:16:33.200 --> 0:16:36.960 on this individual level while the larger system was left unaddressed. 0:16:37.880 --> 0:16:40.000 And particularly because you know, in the eighties there was 0:16:40.040 --> 0:16:43.480 a shift away from class struggle as a central component 0:16:43.520 --> 0:16:47.280 of the Maori struggle. Middle class and wealthy Mari interests 0:16:47.320 --> 0:16:52.480 were dominating the conversation and their interests were exclusively in 0:16:52.560 --> 0:16:57.600 cultural nationalism, with no real room for working class struggle, 0:16:57.680 --> 0:17:02.600 for class struggle in any form. And then part of 0:17:02.640 --> 0:17:08.160 that whole strategy and that will focus on exclusively cultural nationalism, 0:17:08.640 --> 0:17:12.959 would attempt to throw everybody under this one. Under this 0:17:13.040 --> 0:17:18.040 broad brush right, the wealthy new liberal Marie politicians would 0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:21.360 be in the same vein as the impoverished and unemployed 0:17:21.359 --> 0:17:25.080 working class Mari, despite their clear differences and access to 0:17:25.080 --> 0:17:29.440 economic and political power. And so this notion of Maria 0:17:29.480 --> 0:17:33.480 as a homogeneous group with identical experiences and political aspirations, 0:17:34.880 --> 0:17:40.600 disregarding diversity within Marie society and the conflicting political strategies 0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:46.560 within Marie communities would really weaken the cohesion of the 0:17:46.600 --> 0:17:51.760 struggle as a whole. And I don't know how else 0:17:51.800 --> 0:17:56.440 to say this except there needs to be a recognition 0:17:57.960 --> 0:18:05.200 of racial struggle, gender struggle, of class struggle, of struggles 0:18:05.240 --> 0:18:14.480 for ability and disability, justice, like inter sexuality, intersectionality. It's 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:20.240 really so simple. Cultural nationalism has its place, but it's 0:18:20.720 --> 0:18:26.160 very insufficient and very easily cooptable. That's why the New 0:18:26.200 --> 0:18:32.040 African anarchist Ashanti Austan says that we must go beyond nationalism, 0:18:32.160 --> 0:18:33.840 even if we don't go without it. 0:18:34.440 --> 0:18:36.440 That's why I've made a whole video. 0:18:36.359 --> 0:18:40.320 On the subject of nationalism or more specifically national liberation 0:18:40.480 --> 0:18:44.240 for oppressed groups. You see, it's a tool that oppressed 0:18:44.240 --> 0:18:47.720 people can use in their struggle, but it's not enough, 0:18:48.680 --> 0:18:52.720 and focusing too much on it leaves a lot of 0:18:52.760 --> 0:18:57.640 exploitable gaps in one's analysis. It's again, it's a tool. 0:18:57.760 --> 0:18:59.720 It's not an end in itself. It does little to 0:18:59.800 --> 0:19:15.360 change in material realities. Who in their peace had said that, 0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:19.480 While and I'm quoting him, well, culture and identity remain 0:19:19.560 --> 0:19:23.400 absolutely essential to mari social wellbeing, it does not automatically 0:19:23.440 --> 0:19:27.479 follow that cultural identity alone should provide the organizational basis 0:19:27.480 --> 0:19:31.680 for the fight against racism and Marie disadvantage. Because identities 0:19:31.680 --> 0:19:35.080 are blurred and multiple, any fight against Mario oppression must 0:19:35.080 --> 0:19:39.000 be based upon building the strongest possible liberation movement by 0:19:39.080 --> 0:19:42.159 uniting different oppressed groups into a common struggle. This is 0:19:42.280 --> 0:19:45.320 essential because true liberation for MARI will not occur with 0:19:45.359 --> 0:19:49.320 a fundamental trans transformation of capitalist society and the creation 0:19:49.400 --> 0:19:53.400 of a classless society in which there is real women's liberation, gain, 0:19:53.480 --> 0:19:55.880 lesbian liberation, and freedom from. 0:19:55.760 --> 0:19:57.280 Racism end quote. 0:19:58.320 --> 0:20:01.080 Historical evidence has shown that the movements based solely on 0:20:01.119 --> 0:20:04.159 the identity of the participants. 0:20:04.640 --> 0:20:06.840 Could be very diverse. 0:20:07.040 --> 0:20:11.720 Let's just say in the spectrum there are reactionary and 0:20:11.840 --> 0:20:18.280 their revolutionary segments of pretty much every national liberation movement, 0:20:19.119 --> 0:20:25.800 from Black Power to Free Palestine. Because when the focus 0:20:26.000 --> 0:20:31.520 is on cultural or national liberation, there is a lot 0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:36.480 of room to adopt a variety of approaches and a 0:20:36.560 --> 0:20:38.920 variety of political aims. I so it's a lot of 0:20:39.000 --> 0:20:42.560 room for middle class interests to dominate as they have 0:20:42.600 --> 0:20:45.480 a lot more time and resources to contribute and take 0:20:45.520 --> 0:20:47.640 over the rhetoric and the messaging of the causes. 0:20:48.200 --> 0:20:49.560 Another example that can we see. 0:20:49.440 --> 0:20:52.399 In the feminist movement, which in a lot of ways 0:20:53.080 --> 0:20:58.399 diverge from the struggle of working class women towards the 0:20:58.440 --> 0:21:02.440 more niche interests of you know, the girl bosses who 0:21:03.480 --> 0:21:08.679 we're facing genuine wholes in their climb up the corporate ladder. 0:21:10.040 --> 0:21:13.560 But in focusing on those instances, there was a loss 0:21:13.680 --> 0:21:17.840 of the needs of working class women and the precurious 0:21:17.880 --> 0:21:23.000 position that when as a whole are still in Marie. 0:21:23.040 --> 0:21:26.800 Political activism has always been diverse. You know, there's a 0:21:27.119 --> 0:21:31.199 wide range of strategies, campaigns and participants. There's not a 0:21:31.280 --> 0:21:35.440 unified movement, but there's a heterogenous force with both radical 0:21:35.560 --> 0:21:39.920 and conservative elements, each pursuing different methods to achieve the objectives. 0:21:40.640 --> 0:21:45.560 There's no unanimous agreement on the vision of tino rangatira tanga, 0:21:46.160 --> 0:21:50.800 which is the Marii term for Mari self determination. Tino 0:21:51.080 --> 0:21:56.919 rangatira tanga can be associated with Mari capitalism, electoral power, 0:21:57.480 --> 0:22:03.399 cultural nationalism, or revolution reactivity. In the past, some artists 0:22:03.440 --> 0:22:06.040 had believed that fundamental transformation of the system was necessary 0:22:06.080 --> 0:22:10.120 for liberation, and so they rejected reformism. But the landscape 0:22:10.119 --> 0:22:11.159 has changed. 0:22:12.480 --> 0:22:12.680 Well. 0:22:12.720 --> 0:22:16.320 Some still advocate for constitutional changes electoral politics to address 0:22:16.320 --> 0:22:21.359 systemic issues. Some influential travel executives and corporate warriors are 0:22:21.359 --> 0:22:23.720 even going as far as to argue that Mari can 0:22:23.760 --> 0:22:28.760 only achieve true self determination and liberation through unrestricted free 0:22:28.800 --> 0:22:34.119 market capitalism. The objectives that Tino Rangatira tangle promoted by 0:22:34.200 --> 0:22:41.920 different groups are contradictory because there is no homogeneity in 0:22:41.960 --> 0:22:45.200 the Maria struggle. But I hope that the takeaway here 0:22:45.359 --> 0:22:47.679 has been clear, and that is the need for a 0:22:47.880 --> 0:22:57.520 clear intersectional approach to revolution in our struggle against racist, sexist, capitalist, 0:22:57.680 --> 0:23:02.560 et cetera society. The Mari movement is still ongoing, and 0:23:03.840 --> 0:23:08.199 so the focus of these two parts has been primarily 0:23:08.240 --> 0:23:14.080 on the current rather has been primarily on the struggle 0:23:14.119 --> 0:23:16.960 of the sixties, seventies, eighties and early nineties. 0:23:18.640 --> 0:23:20.159 Mari liberation has not been found. 0:23:21.160 --> 0:23:25.200 Tino Ranga tyr tanga has not been achieved, and there's 0:23:25.200 --> 0:23:28.800 still a long way to go. That's it from me again. 0:23:28.840 --> 0:23:33.080 I'm Andrew from the YouTube channel Anturism. You can find 0:23:33.119 --> 0:23:36.200 me there and you could support on patre dot com 0:23:36.240 --> 0:23:39.000 slash saying true this has been. 0:23:39.480 --> 0:23:40.280 It could happen here. 0:23:44.840 --> 0:23:47.320 It could happen here as a production of cool Zone Media. 0:23:47.400 --> 0:23:50.080 For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website 0:23:50.119 --> 0:23:52.359 cool Zonemedia dot com or check us out on the 0:23:52.400 --> 0:23:55.960 iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts, 0:23:56.359 --> 0:23:58.479 you can find sources for It could happen here, Updated 0:23:58.560 --> 0:24:02.040 monthly at cool Zone Media dot com slash sources. Thanks 0:24:02.080 --> 0:24:02.600 for listening.