1 00:00:15,436 --> 00:00:27,356 Speaker 1: Pushkin surveys show that this year's top New Year's resolution, 2 00:00:27,556 --> 00:00:29,556 Speaker 1: the thing that more than fifty percent of folks who 3 00:00:29,596 --> 00:00:32,236 Speaker 1: made January resolutions have committed to getting more of in 4 00:00:32,236 --> 00:00:36,676 Speaker 1: twenty twenty three is exercise, which, from the perspective of 5 00:00:36,716 --> 00:00:39,036 Speaker 1: a happiness professor like me, should be a good thing, 6 00:00:39,596 --> 00:00:42,036 Speaker 1: because there's lots and lots of scientific evidence that working 7 00:00:42,076 --> 00:00:46,756 Speaker 1: out regularly can significantly improve our self reported happiness. But 8 00:00:46,836 --> 00:00:49,116 Speaker 1: the research shows that our bodies aren't the only things 9 00:00:49,116 --> 00:00:51,836 Speaker 1: that could use a good workout this year. In fact, 10 00:00:51,916 --> 00:00:53,956 Speaker 1: our guest today argues that we might want to swap 11 00:00:54,036 --> 00:00:55,956 Speaker 1: at least some of those New Year's bench presses and 12 00:00:56,036 --> 00:00:58,876 Speaker 1: leg curls for a different kind of training, one that 13 00:00:58,956 --> 00:01:01,836 Speaker 1: focuses on toughening something that we often forget can have 14 00:01:01,876 --> 00:01:04,556 Speaker 1: a big effect on our stress levels, our performance, and 15 00:01:04,676 --> 00:01:08,036 Speaker 1: our happiness. We'll see today that if we really want 16 00:01:08,076 --> 00:01:10,956 Speaker 1: to feel better in twenty twenty three, we probably need 17 00:01:10,996 --> 00:01:12,956 Speaker 1: to devote at least a few of our workouts to 18 00:01:13,036 --> 00:01:17,036 Speaker 1: improving our inner self talk. So get ready to sweat 19 00:01:17,076 --> 00:01:20,476 Speaker 1: out your inner critic and strengthen those self compassion muscles, 20 00:01:20,876 --> 00:01:23,396 Speaker 1: because the happiness lab is about to hit the Gym 21 00:01:23,476 --> 00:01:27,276 Speaker 1: for our first ever New Year, New Yu Self Talk Workout. 22 00:01:29,996 --> 00:01:31,996 Speaker 1: Our minds are constantly telling us what to do to 23 00:01:31,996 --> 00:01:34,596 Speaker 1: be happy. But what if our minds are wrong? What 24 00:01:34,676 --> 00:01:37,156 Speaker 1: if our minds are lying to us, leading us away 25 00:01:37,196 --> 00:01:39,716 Speaker 1: from what we'll really make us happy. The good news 26 00:01:39,876 --> 00:01:42,036 Speaker 1: is that understanding the science of the mind can point 27 00:01:42,116 --> 00:01:45,196 Speaker 1: us all back in the right direction. You're listening to 28 00:01:45,236 --> 00:01:54,276 Speaker 1: the Happiness Lab with doctor Laurie Santos. A lot of 29 00:01:54,316 --> 00:01:56,556 Speaker 1: people live in that space of putting themselves down all 30 00:01:56,596 --> 00:02:00,716 Speaker 1: the time, and it's a pretty powerful habit. So it's 31 00:02:01,116 --> 00:02:04,396 Speaker 1: one we've built up over years and decades, and it 32 00:02:04,436 --> 00:02:07,276 Speaker 1: can seem a little bit daunting to change it. This 33 00:02:07,396 --> 00:02:11,356 Speaker 1: is psychologist and Seattle Universe City professor Rachel Ture. But 34 00:02:11,436 --> 00:02:14,276 Speaker 1: if you've ever tried a new workout, you know that 35 00:02:14,316 --> 00:02:17,156 Speaker 1: the first few times are kind of weird sometimes sometimes 36 00:02:17,196 --> 00:02:19,636 Speaker 1: a little bit uncomfortable. But after you do it, the 37 00:02:19,756 --> 00:02:22,196 Speaker 1: more and more you do it, it becomes more natural, 38 00:02:22,756 --> 00:02:25,196 Speaker 1: and the same is true for how you treat yourself. 39 00:02:25,676 --> 00:02:27,996 Speaker 1: Rachel is the author of a recent book called The 40 00:02:28,036 --> 00:02:31,516 Speaker 1: Self Talk Workout. Six science back to strategies to dissolve 41 00:02:31,556 --> 00:02:35,276 Speaker 1: self criticism and transform the voice in your head. As 42 00:02:35,276 --> 00:02:37,716 Speaker 1: you might guess from the title, Rachel thinks we should 43 00:02:37,716 --> 00:02:40,356 Speaker 1: all be doing training drills not just for our biceps 44 00:02:40,356 --> 00:02:42,916 Speaker 1: in our thighs, but also to tone up those harsh 45 00:02:42,996 --> 00:02:47,036 Speaker 1: voices inside our heads, so that instead of being mean 46 00:02:47,036 --> 00:02:51,956 Speaker 1: to ourselves, we're more encouraging, more supportive, and kinder. The 47 00:02:51,996 --> 00:02:54,956 Speaker 1: idea is to build up these resources, these capacities, so 48 00:02:54,996 --> 00:02:57,116 Speaker 1: that they are ready to go when you need them, 49 00:02:57,156 --> 00:03:00,276 Speaker 1: and so that you're stronger in general. But before jumping 50 00:03:00,276 --> 00:03:03,116 Speaker 1: head first into our new inner voice workout plan, I 51 00:03:03,196 --> 00:03:05,636 Speaker 1: wanted Rachel to start by explaining a bit more about 52 00:03:05,676 --> 00:03:08,316 Speaker 1: what she means by self talk and how we sometimes 53 00:03:08,356 --> 00:03:11,476 Speaker 1: get a little nast with our inner voices. I consider 54 00:03:11,556 --> 00:03:13,636 Speaker 1: self talk to be the way that you relate to 55 00:03:13,676 --> 00:03:16,476 Speaker 1: yourself in your mind. It could be with words. Some 56 00:03:16,476 --> 00:03:18,676 Speaker 1: people really talk to themselves in words like Okay, I 57 00:03:18,676 --> 00:03:20,996 Speaker 1: should do this, why did you do that? I should 58 00:03:20,996 --> 00:03:23,276 Speaker 1: really be better at this. But it might not be 59 00:03:23,356 --> 00:03:25,596 Speaker 1: in words. It might be just as a sort of 60 00:03:26,916 --> 00:03:29,996 Speaker 1: or sometimes it's hard to catch. But a lot of 61 00:03:29,996 --> 00:03:32,916 Speaker 1: folks know that, Okay, I'm not treating myself that nicely. 62 00:03:33,356 --> 00:03:35,476 Speaker 1: I feel a lot of times that I should be 63 00:03:35,516 --> 00:03:38,276 Speaker 1: different I should be better, I'm not enough, I'm not 64 00:03:38,316 --> 00:03:40,916 Speaker 1: doing enough, I'm not good enough, And those are the 65 00:03:40,916 --> 00:03:43,636 Speaker 1: sort of tapes that get repeated for most of us. 66 00:03:44,276 --> 00:03:46,836 Speaker 1: Negative self talk is something that's so common, like, so 67 00:03:46,876 --> 00:03:49,716 Speaker 1: many of us do it all the time. Why if 68 00:03:49,716 --> 00:03:51,596 Speaker 1: it's so bad for us, why are we doing it 69 00:03:51,636 --> 00:03:53,116 Speaker 1: all the time. And one of the things you talked 70 00:03:53,116 --> 00:03:56,076 Speaker 1: about is the idea of a negativity bias. So what's 71 00:03:56,076 --> 00:03:58,436 Speaker 1: the negativity bias and how does it contribute to this 72 00:03:58,676 --> 00:04:01,396 Speaker 1: kind of mistaken idea we have about our own self talk. 73 00:04:01,756 --> 00:04:05,596 Speaker 1: So the negativity bias is the brain's tendency to pay 74 00:04:05,676 --> 00:04:08,876 Speaker 1: more attention to the stuff that isn't going well. And 75 00:04:09,196 --> 00:04:13,476 Speaker 1: you can imagine how that might be evolutionarily advantageous because 76 00:04:13,716 --> 00:04:16,996 Speaker 1: it helps you survive if you notice the threats around 77 00:04:17,036 --> 00:04:20,356 Speaker 1: you and in your environment. The problem is kind of 78 00:04:20,356 --> 00:04:22,516 Speaker 1: too good at it. We also live in a pretty 79 00:04:22,556 --> 00:04:26,276 Speaker 1: competitive culture where most of us are conditioned to evaluate 80 00:04:26,636 --> 00:04:28,516 Speaker 1: how good we are, how good we look, how much 81 00:04:28,516 --> 00:04:32,556 Speaker 1: we've done, and even to pit that against other people 82 00:04:32,556 --> 00:04:34,676 Speaker 1: we see and how beautiful they are and how much 83 00:04:34,676 --> 00:04:37,956 Speaker 1: they have accomplished. And that's kind of a drag to 84 00:04:38,036 --> 00:04:41,276 Speaker 1: be in that culture. Another reason you've talked about why 85 00:04:41,316 --> 00:04:44,196 Speaker 1: we're so bad at this is just it becomes a habit, right, 86 00:04:44,196 --> 00:04:46,836 Speaker 1: It's just like a thing that we're used to doing, 87 00:04:47,076 --> 00:04:49,236 Speaker 1: you know, talk about why just doing this a lot, 88 00:04:49,276 --> 00:04:51,476 Speaker 1: talking to ourselves in ways that aren't very positive a 89 00:04:51,476 --> 00:04:55,516 Speaker 1: lot can just become a self perpetuating cycle. Right. It's 90 00:04:55,556 --> 00:04:58,836 Speaker 1: amazing what brains do. I mean, brains learn from experience, 91 00:04:59,036 --> 00:05:01,476 Speaker 1: and that's usually a really great thing. We're glad to 92 00:05:01,516 --> 00:05:05,156 Speaker 1: have these brains that learn. But once brains learn, it's 93 00:05:05,156 --> 00:05:07,756 Speaker 1: a little bit harder to unlearn. Just like you know, 94 00:05:07,836 --> 00:05:10,276 Speaker 1: you probably put on your pants the same leg at 95 00:05:10,276 --> 00:05:14,196 Speaker 1: a time, and that's fine, but other habits are really challenging. 96 00:05:14,236 --> 00:05:16,556 Speaker 1: And you know, self criticism, I'm kind of thinking of 97 00:05:16,596 --> 00:05:19,516 Speaker 1: it these days, is the smoking of mental health that 98 00:05:19,836 --> 00:05:22,076 Speaker 1: it's not so much okay, how did you start smoking? 99 00:05:22,116 --> 00:05:24,556 Speaker 1: Who gave you your first cigarette? Of course those things 100 00:05:24,556 --> 00:05:28,116 Speaker 1: are bad, But like smoking, self criticism, once it gets going, 101 00:05:28,116 --> 00:05:29,996 Speaker 1: it sort of takes on a life of its own. 102 00:05:30,356 --> 00:05:34,796 Speaker 1: Once the pathways are established, they are vulnerable to this 103 00:05:34,956 --> 00:05:40,116 Speaker 1: automatic activation. So we're very efficient. We automatically go to 104 00:05:40,196 --> 00:05:42,836 Speaker 1: these mental places that we're used to going to. There's 105 00:05:42,876 --> 00:05:45,836 Speaker 1: sort of like our mental homes. I think a final 106 00:05:45,916 --> 00:05:48,316 Speaker 1: reason that a lot of us are so self critical, 107 00:05:48,356 --> 00:05:49,996 Speaker 1: I mean, I know this is definitely true for me, 108 00:05:50,596 --> 00:05:53,196 Speaker 1: is that we kind of have the sense that it works. 109 00:05:53,636 --> 00:05:55,556 Speaker 1: We kind of have this theory that if we just 110 00:05:55,636 --> 00:05:58,356 Speaker 1: scream it ourselves and really belittle ourselves, then that will 111 00:05:58,356 --> 00:06:02,156 Speaker 1: actually get us motivated to change. Is this the correct intuition? 112 00:06:02,356 --> 00:06:04,356 Speaker 1: Is the kind of thing you see a lot Well, 113 00:06:04,396 --> 00:06:07,076 Speaker 1: I completely agree with you that people believe. That people 114 00:06:07,196 --> 00:06:11,556 Speaker 1: think that their self criticism keeps sharp and motivated and accountable, 115 00:06:12,116 --> 00:06:14,116 Speaker 1: and that maybe without it we would just sit on 116 00:06:14,156 --> 00:06:16,196 Speaker 1: the couch all day and eat bond bonds. We wouldn't 117 00:06:16,196 --> 00:06:20,276 Speaker 1: do anything. And the research shows that self criticism is 118 00:06:20,396 --> 00:06:24,516 Speaker 1: strongly associated with depression, stress, and anxiety. So even if 119 00:06:24,556 --> 00:06:26,716 Speaker 1: it did motivate us, I don't think it would be 120 00:06:26,756 --> 00:06:30,316 Speaker 1: worth it. But it's actually not associated with motivation. So 121 00:06:30,436 --> 00:06:33,796 Speaker 1: people are more motivated to improve themselves if they practice 122 00:06:33,796 --> 00:06:37,356 Speaker 1: self compassion, that is, being kind and encouraging towards yourself. 123 00:06:37,396 --> 00:06:38,996 Speaker 1: And you can kind of see how that works. You know, 124 00:06:39,316 --> 00:06:41,596 Speaker 1: say you're writing a cover letter to apply to a 125 00:06:41,596 --> 00:06:44,076 Speaker 1: new job. If you're meeting yourself up the whole time, 126 00:06:44,076 --> 00:06:45,836 Speaker 1: you've got to get this written. This is bad. You've 127 00:06:45,836 --> 00:06:47,916 Speaker 1: got to do a better letter. You could see yourself 128 00:06:47,996 --> 00:06:50,316 Speaker 1: kind of wanting to step away from your computer and 129 00:06:50,356 --> 00:06:53,036 Speaker 1: go to something else. But if you relate to yourself 130 00:06:53,076 --> 00:06:55,876 Speaker 1: in a kind and supportive way and say, you know, 131 00:06:55,956 --> 00:06:57,676 Speaker 1: I know this isn't the most fun thing, but you 132 00:06:57,676 --> 00:07:00,436 Speaker 1: can do it. You've written other cover letters before, No problem, 133 00:07:00,516 --> 00:07:03,236 Speaker 1: let's do another sentence. Great. You can see how that 134 00:07:03,316 --> 00:07:05,636 Speaker 1: could be a more positive way of relating to yourself. 135 00:07:05,916 --> 00:07:08,236 Speaker 1: So it's not so much that you know you'll lose 136 00:07:08,316 --> 00:07:11,356 Speaker 1: motivation or that you're giving yourself permission to never do anything. 137 00:07:12,076 --> 00:07:14,436 Speaker 1: You're trying to be a good friend to yourself, a 138 00:07:14,436 --> 00:07:17,276 Speaker 1: friend who wants you to succeed, who wants you to 139 00:07:17,716 --> 00:07:21,116 Speaker 1: take action aligned with your goals. If Rachel's idea of 140 00:07:21,116 --> 00:07:23,556 Speaker 1: talking to yourself like a good friend sounds appealing, then 141 00:07:23,556 --> 00:07:26,116 Speaker 1: you're in luck, because when we get back from the break, 142 00:07:26,396 --> 00:07:28,636 Speaker 1: we'll hear about how we can work towards more of 143 00:07:28,676 --> 00:07:31,556 Speaker 1: this kind positive self talk in the new year. We'll 144 00:07:31,636 --> 00:07:33,796 Speaker 1: learn about the exact training we need to strengthen our 145 00:07:33,796 --> 00:07:36,996 Speaker 1: inner voices, and some practical workouts and exercises we can 146 00:07:37,116 --> 00:07:40,116 Speaker 1: use to relate to ourselves in a healthier way. The 147 00:07:40,156 --> 00:07:51,316 Speaker 1: happiness lab will be right back. So I grew up 148 00:07:51,596 --> 00:07:54,196 Speaker 1: in the eighties and I would hear the song Whitney 149 00:07:54,276 --> 00:07:57,916 Speaker 1: us Houston singing the Greatest Love of All, The greatest 150 00:07:57,916 --> 00:08:00,236 Speaker 1: Love of All is happening to me, and it was 151 00:08:00,276 --> 00:08:04,676 Speaker 1: about loving yourself, and I thought that sounded fantastic, and 152 00:08:04,716 --> 00:08:08,796 Speaker 1: I was completely confused. Psychologist and author Rachel Tureau His 153 00:08:08,836 --> 00:08:11,436 Speaker 1: Devil an entire series of workouts that all of us 154 00:08:11,476 --> 00:08:14,996 Speaker 1: can use to strengthen our inner voices. But Rachel wasn't 155 00:08:15,036 --> 00:08:18,036 Speaker 1: always an expert in compassionate self talk. I mean, I 156 00:08:18,116 --> 00:08:20,796 Speaker 1: thought it was great for Whitney. She could love herself. 157 00:08:20,836 --> 00:08:23,316 Speaker 1: She seemed really happy. I had no idea how to 158 00:08:23,316 --> 00:08:25,956 Speaker 1: get there. I did not feel great about myself. I 159 00:08:26,036 --> 00:08:28,156 Speaker 1: knew I wasn't one of the popular kids. I was 160 00:08:28,236 --> 00:08:31,996 Speaker 1: picked last for sports, and I felt awkward and lonely 161 00:08:31,996 --> 00:08:34,356 Speaker 1: and weird. And how was I going to get to 162 00:08:34,436 --> 00:08:38,316 Speaker 1: loving myself just by wanting to love myself? But through 163 00:08:38,316 --> 00:08:41,156 Speaker 1: her training as a clinical psychologist, Rachel was able to 164 00:08:41,156 --> 00:08:43,716 Speaker 1: find a series of exercises she could use to start 165 00:08:43,756 --> 00:08:46,796 Speaker 1: relating to herself with a little more kindness. And for 166 00:08:46,836 --> 00:08:49,516 Speaker 1: me that corresponded with my own kind of forays into 167 00:08:49,636 --> 00:08:53,596 Speaker 1: mindfulness and compassion practice. Sitting down for several minutes a day, 168 00:08:53,876 --> 00:08:56,476 Speaker 1: my mind would wander away. I would be distracted, and 169 00:08:56,596 --> 00:08:58,836 Speaker 1: I would get upset at myself for being distracted, and 170 00:08:58,876 --> 00:09:00,596 Speaker 1: I would try not to get upset at myself for 171 00:09:00,676 --> 00:09:02,996 Speaker 1: being distracted. And I would try that over and over 172 00:09:03,036 --> 00:09:05,556 Speaker 1: and over and over and over. And you're training your 173 00:09:05,596 --> 00:09:09,396 Speaker 1: brain to judge less by doing the reps. You can 174 00:09:09,476 --> 00:09:11,796 Speaker 1: only do it by doing the reps. You get distracted, 175 00:09:12,156 --> 00:09:14,356 Speaker 1: and you're going to try not to judge yourself, and 176 00:09:14,476 --> 00:09:17,476 Speaker 1: that is your mind trying something new. That is a rep, 177 00:09:17,756 --> 00:09:20,036 Speaker 1: and you know, great, it's great that you were distracted 178 00:09:20,076 --> 00:09:22,476 Speaker 1: a hundred times. That's one hundred reps of trying not 179 00:09:22,556 --> 00:09:25,516 Speaker 1: to judge yourself. And gradually I felt less upset at 180 00:09:25,516 --> 00:09:29,436 Speaker 1: myself for being distracted, and then that generalized into judging 181 00:09:29,436 --> 00:09:32,196 Speaker 1: myself less in general. But even though Rachel saw the 182 00:09:32,196 --> 00:09:35,756 Speaker 1: benefits of mindfulness practices firsthand, she's also quick to admit 183 00:09:35,796 --> 00:09:38,916 Speaker 1: that diving into meditation can be tough for beginners. So 184 00:09:38,956 --> 00:09:40,956 Speaker 1: if your harsh inner voice hasn't hit the gym in 185 00:09:40,996 --> 00:09:44,036 Speaker 1: a while, she recommends starting off your self talk workouts 186 00:09:44,116 --> 00:09:47,436 Speaker 1: a bit more simply. I sort of organized the book 187 00:09:47,636 --> 00:09:50,476 Speaker 1: from easiest to hardest. I wanted people to kind of 188 00:09:50,516 --> 00:09:54,316 Speaker 1: warm up before they got into the heavier workouts, So 189 00:09:54,396 --> 00:09:57,756 Speaker 1: I start with just one breath, So one breath of 190 00:09:58,036 --> 00:10:01,676 Speaker 1: repeating something kind to yourself as you're breathing inhale my friend, 191 00:10:02,276 --> 00:10:06,316 Speaker 1: exhale my friend, for example. We do know that changing 192 00:10:06,316 --> 00:10:10,716 Speaker 1: your breathing on purpose can sometimes reduced stress, and we 193 00:10:10,756 --> 00:10:14,996 Speaker 1: have pretty good physiological evidence that that's the case. It 194 00:10:15,036 --> 00:10:17,716 Speaker 1: also sort of takes your attention to your physical body 195 00:10:18,036 --> 00:10:21,276 Speaker 1: away from that endless cycle of rumination in your mind. 196 00:10:21,596 --> 00:10:25,076 Speaker 1: My students tend to like this one because it's pretty portable. 197 00:10:25,436 --> 00:10:28,836 Speaker 1: You know, it's one breath, so it seems doable, and 198 00:10:28,876 --> 00:10:31,036 Speaker 1: you can modify it. You don't have to call yourself 199 00:10:31,036 --> 00:10:33,956 Speaker 1: your friend, or you could use a different language, but 200 00:10:34,076 --> 00:10:36,996 Speaker 1: even just the phrase inhale my friend, exhale my friend, 201 00:10:37,796 --> 00:10:41,116 Speaker 1: you can't really beat yourself up in the same second 202 00:10:41,276 --> 00:10:44,076 Speaker 1: that you're calling yourself your friend, so it can serve 203 00:10:44,156 --> 00:10:47,436 Speaker 1: to just kind of pause or interrupt what's happening, and 204 00:10:47,476 --> 00:10:51,476 Speaker 1: sometimes that pause is really helpful. And practicing it again 205 00:10:51,596 --> 00:10:54,916 Speaker 1: during times of kind of just regular times, not when 206 00:10:54,916 --> 00:10:58,156 Speaker 1: you're totally stressed out, can make that resource more available. 207 00:10:58,396 --> 00:11:00,516 Speaker 1: So then if you are, you know, a lot of 208 00:11:00,556 --> 00:11:03,956 Speaker 1: traffic or something difficult happens, it's right there. You're kind 209 00:11:03,956 --> 00:11:06,436 Speaker 1: of used to it. Okay, Okay, inhale my friend, exhale 210 00:11:06,476 --> 00:11:08,156 Speaker 1: my friend. Okay, what do I need to do next? 211 00:11:08,636 --> 00:11:10,476 Speaker 1: And I think this is one of the most powerful 212 00:11:10,516 --> 00:11:13,236 Speaker 1: aspects of this workout metaphor that we've been thinking about 213 00:11:13,276 --> 00:11:15,596 Speaker 1: for self talk, Right, It's like, if you're doing these 214 00:11:15,636 --> 00:11:18,956 Speaker 1: reps regularly when you really need it, they're there for you. 215 00:11:18,956 --> 00:11:21,236 Speaker 1: You know, like if you're practicing on the treadmill once 216 00:11:21,236 --> 00:11:22,916 Speaker 1: a week, you know, if you really have to sprint 217 00:11:22,956 --> 00:11:25,356 Speaker 1: out of traffic or get somewhere quickly because you're running 218 00:11:25,436 --> 00:11:27,396 Speaker 1: late for your flight, now all of a sudden, it 219 00:11:27,436 --> 00:11:30,076 Speaker 1: becomes easier. And I know this is something that you 220 00:11:30,116 --> 00:11:33,556 Speaker 1: mentioned specifically with this inhale my friend practice when it 221 00:11:33,556 --> 00:11:35,796 Speaker 1: comes to kind of dealing with stressful moments with your 222 00:11:35,796 --> 00:11:38,396 Speaker 1: own kids, talk a little bit about like when you've 223 00:11:38,476 --> 00:11:41,636 Speaker 1: used it in more stressful times yourself. Oh my gosh, 224 00:11:41,716 --> 00:11:44,876 Speaker 1: just I mean so often My kids now are three, six, 225 00:11:44,916 --> 00:11:48,436 Speaker 1: and nine. So you can imagine at breakfast, everybody wants 226 00:11:48,476 --> 00:11:51,756 Speaker 1: there like four different things in the same moment. So 227 00:11:52,076 --> 00:11:54,796 Speaker 1: in between fetching this and that, I just like to say, 228 00:11:55,196 --> 00:11:59,076 Speaker 1: inhale my friend, exhale my friend. It's also kind of 229 00:11:59,076 --> 00:12:02,556 Speaker 1: fun to do in a really difficult moment, you know, 230 00:12:02,596 --> 00:12:05,796 Speaker 1: of somebody's screaming or crying. Just you know, you don't 231 00:12:05,796 --> 00:12:07,956 Speaker 1: want to take half an hour. You need to respond 232 00:12:07,996 --> 00:12:12,516 Speaker 1: to what's happening. But often one breath is available, So 233 00:12:12,556 --> 00:12:15,756 Speaker 1: that's the kind of inhale my friend breathing technique. Another 234 00:12:15,756 --> 00:12:18,316 Speaker 1: technique that you've talked about is what I love, which 235 00:12:18,356 --> 00:12:20,956 Speaker 1: is known as the spot the success technique. Tell me 236 00:12:20,996 --> 00:12:22,996 Speaker 1: a little bit about this one. You know, we have 237 00:12:23,076 --> 00:12:25,436 Speaker 1: this culture of accomplishment. I think it can really be 238 00:12:25,476 --> 00:12:27,716 Speaker 1: coming from a good place, but I think that the 239 00:12:27,756 --> 00:12:30,396 Speaker 1: trap that we fall into is feeling so bad that 240 00:12:30,436 --> 00:12:33,236 Speaker 1: we're not far enough along, that we haven't done as 241 00:12:33,316 --> 00:12:35,836 Speaker 1: much as we would like, and then that sort of 242 00:12:36,156 --> 00:12:40,036 Speaker 1: self critical attitude about it can drag us down. So 243 00:12:40,116 --> 00:12:44,516 Speaker 1: to counteract that emphasis on what we haven't done, how 244 00:12:44,516 --> 00:12:47,276 Speaker 1: we're not doing enough, there's a practice that I like 245 00:12:47,476 --> 00:12:52,036 Speaker 1: called spot the success, where instead you notice ten things 246 00:12:52,116 --> 00:12:55,076 Speaker 1: no matter how small that you have done that have 247 00:12:55,276 --> 00:12:58,636 Speaker 1: contributed in a good way to yourself, to somebody else, 248 00:12:58,956 --> 00:13:02,956 Speaker 1: or to the world. And you're not evaluating, you're just acknowledging. Okay, 249 00:13:02,956 --> 00:13:05,716 Speaker 1: I got out of bed, great, And maybe you took 250 00:13:05,716 --> 00:13:08,876 Speaker 1: a vitamin or a medication, maybe you emailed somebody or texted. 251 00:13:09,796 --> 00:13:13,156 Speaker 1: These actions are super easy to dismiss because they're not 252 00:13:13,196 --> 00:13:16,276 Speaker 1: the grand accomplishments that we hope for. But if we 253 00:13:16,316 --> 00:13:19,636 Speaker 1: can get in the habit of acknowledging these small things, 254 00:13:19,836 --> 00:13:23,076 Speaker 1: it shifts our perspective so that we're not ruminating on 255 00:13:23,116 --> 00:13:25,796 Speaker 1: everything we haven't done, but instead engaging and kind of 256 00:13:25,836 --> 00:13:27,996 Speaker 1: marinating and not feeling for a second of what we 257 00:13:28,076 --> 00:13:29,836 Speaker 1: have done. One of the things I loved when you 258 00:13:29,916 --> 00:13:32,276 Speaker 1: talked about the spot this success technique is you mentioned 259 00:13:32,276 --> 00:13:34,596 Speaker 1: that your students have a kind of strong reaction to 260 00:13:34,676 --> 00:13:38,356 Speaker 1: this one. So when my students practice spot the success, 261 00:13:38,396 --> 00:13:41,236 Speaker 1: their first urge is to dismiss it. Well, those are 262 00:13:41,276 --> 00:13:44,436 Speaker 1: just regular things, you know. They discount the behaviors. Of 263 00:13:44,436 --> 00:13:46,316 Speaker 1: course I got out of that. Of course I showered, 264 00:13:46,436 --> 00:13:48,596 Speaker 1: you know, I had to do that. But I think 265 00:13:48,596 --> 00:13:50,716 Speaker 1: that we run the risk when we take all of 266 00:13:50,756 --> 00:13:54,756 Speaker 1: our positive behaviors for granted that they don't matter to us. 267 00:13:55,116 --> 00:13:57,756 Speaker 1: Maybe we don't build them upon them because we're not 268 00:13:57,796 --> 00:14:00,876 Speaker 1: paying attention to them, and we kind of feel bad 269 00:14:00,916 --> 00:14:04,276 Speaker 1: about ourselves because we only see ourselves as not doing 270 00:14:04,316 --> 00:14:06,796 Speaker 1: what we needed to do. It was hard to come 271 00:14:06,876 --> 00:14:10,076 Speaker 1: up with ten things, and sometimes it five and I're like, okay, 272 00:14:10,116 --> 00:14:12,796 Speaker 1: push yourself, I know there's more. You know, did you 273 00:14:12,836 --> 00:14:17,516 Speaker 1: get dressed? Okay? So it's really it's a workout for 274 00:14:17,556 --> 00:14:21,756 Speaker 1: your brain. Your brain might struggle against it, but with time, 275 00:14:21,836 --> 00:14:25,236 Speaker 1: you're training your mind to pay attention to a different 276 00:14:25,396 --> 00:14:30,156 Speaker 1: subset of experiences. So far, we've heard about a few 277 00:14:30,156 --> 00:14:33,716 Speaker 1: effective beginner self talk exercises. We've learned how to use 278 00:14:33,756 --> 00:14:35,636 Speaker 1: the power of our breath to hit pause on our 279 00:14:35,636 --> 00:14:38,436 Speaker 1: inner rumination cycles so we can speak to ourselves like 280 00:14:38,476 --> 00:14:40,796 Speaker 1: a friend. We've also seen that we can get our 281 00:14:40,836 --> 00:14:43,956 Speaker 1: self talk back on course by spotting our small successes. 282 00:14:44,556 --> 00:14:46,836 Speaker 1: But when we get back from the break, Rachel's going 283 00:14:46,876 --> 00:14:49,716 Speaker 1: to up our self talk workouts a bit. She'll share 284 00:14:49,716 --> 00:14:51,716 Speaker 1: a few of the more advanced forms of training that 285 00:14:51,796 --> 00:14:55,236 Speaker 1: she practices with our students and clients. So get ready 286 00:14:55,276 --> 00:14:57,436 Speaker 1: to take our self talk workouts to the next level 287 00:14:57,716 --> 00:15:08,636 Speaker 1: when the happiness lad returns in a moment. Paying attention 288 00:15:08,636 --> 00:15:10,996 Speaker 1: to your breath and spotting small successes can be a 289 00:15:11,036 --> 00:15:13,956 Speaker 1: great way to begin strength training your inner voice. But 290 00:15:14,036 --> 00:15:15,796 Speaker 1: if you really want to take your self talk to 291 00:15:15,836 --> 00:15:17,796 Speaker 1: the next level, you need to deal with one of 292 00:15:17,796 --> 00:15:21,716 Speaker 1: the biggest hurdles to treating yourself kindly judgment. You know, 293 00:15:21,796 --> 00:15:24,596 Speaker 1: the inner monologue that tells you that this situation sucks 294 00:15:24,876 --> 00:15:26,716 Speaker 1: and you're not doing good enough, and why do you 295 00:15:26,796 --> 00:15:31,156 Speaker 1: keep screwing up anyway. Rachel thinks that achieving a healthier 296 00:15:31,156 --> 00:15:34,436 Speaker 1: inner voice and being kind to yourself requires finding practices 297 00:15:34,476 --> 00:15:37,116 Speaker 1: to soften these kinds of judgments, and one of her 298 00:15:37,156 --> 00:15:40,596 Speaker 1: favorite workouts for doing that involves getting a little curious. 299 00:15:41,156 --> 00:15:45,676 Speaker 1: How can curiosity help us with judgment? Well, curiosity gives 300 00:15:45,756 --> 00:15:49,876 Speaker 1: us another kind of mental habits, something different to chew on, right, 301 00:15:49,876 --> 00:15:51,876 Speaker 1: we're just kind of used to chewing on the judgment. 302 00:15:52,436 --> 00:15:55,356 Speaker 1: I like this, I don't like that, but yeah, what 303 00:15:55,396 --> 00:15:59,116 Speaker 1: if you notice something curiously? And one fun way to 304 00:15:59,156 --> 00:16:02,196 Speaker 1: do this I think for students, especially who are struggling 305 00:16:02,236 --> 00:16:05,356 Speaker 1: to pay attention in class, I like an exercise of 306 00:16:05,556 --> 00:16:08,596 Speaker 1: noticing ten things in the room that you're in right 307 00:16:08,596 --> 00:16:11,316 Speaker 1: now that you haven't noticed before. I mean, you're probably 308 00:16:11,316 --> 00:16:12,956 Speaker 1: in a room that you've been in many times. But 309 00:16:13,036 --> 00:16:15,796 Speaker 1: you know, if I look at my ceiling, there's variations 310 00:16:15,836 --> 00:16:19,556 Speaker 1: and the plaster. Maybe you can notice your feet right now. 311 00:16:19,876 --> 00:16:22,076 Speaker 1: Your feet can often be pretty neutral. How do they 312 00:16:22,116 --> 00:16:25,396 Speaker 1: feel in your socks? Can you notice the position of 313 00:16:25,396 --> 00:16:29,876 Speaker 1: your toes? And with practice, you can really cultivate this 314 00:16:30,156 --> 00:16:33,316 Speaker 1: ability to notice without judging. I like to say, there's 315 00:16:33,396 --> 00:16:37,196 Speaker 1: more in this moment. There's always something else to notice. 316 00:16:37,596 --> 00:16:40,676 Speaker 1: So if you're ever having a moment that just doesn't 317 00:16:40,716 --> 00:16:44,436 Speaker 1: feel like a wonderful moment, there are different strategies to 318 00:16:44,556 --> 00:16:48,036 Speaker 1: get through that moment. Maybe you're in a boring movie 319 00:16:48,116 --> 00:16:49,556 Speaker 1: you went to with a friend and you kind of 320 00:16:49,556 --> 00:16:51,836 Speaker 1: wish that you weren't there. Well, there might be something 321 00:16:51,836 --> 00:16:54,916 Speaker 1: else to notice in that moment. You could notice the 322 00:16:55,316 --> 00:16:58,636 Speaker 1: costumes a little bit more in the movie, or you know, 323 00:16:58,716 --> 00:17:01,676 Speaker 1: you could notice the feeling of a texture of the seat. 324 00:17:01,876 --> 00:17:04,516 Speaker 1: So you do have some choices with respect to what 325 00:17:04,636 --> 00:17:08,636 Speaker 1: you notice, and sometimes noticing those neutral things can help 326 00:17:08,676 --> 00:17:11,516 Speaker 1: you survive or endure a moment of suffering. A final 327 00:17:11,556 --> 00:17:13,156 Speaker 1: practice I wanted to talk about is one that you 328 00:17:13,196 --> 00:17:17,436 Speaker 1: refer to is allowing all emotions skillfully. What does this 329 00:17:17,476 --> 00:17:19,316 Speaker 1: mean and how do we do it? It It sounds amazing 330 00:17:19,676 --> 00:17:22,636 Speaker 1: allowing all emotions skillfully. I know there's a lot of 331 00:17:22,676 --> 00:17:25,516 Speaker 1: talk lately about okay, you should allow your feelings or 332 00:17:25,556 --> 00:17:29,276 Speaker 1: feel your feelings. And you know, I'm a psychologist, so 333 00:17:29,316 --> 00:17:32,436 Speaker 1: I like that idea. Okay, feel your feelings. It's okay 334 00:17:32,436 --> 00:17:35,476 Speaker 1: to have feelings. The problem is it's easy to get 335 00:17:35,476 --> 00:17:39,316 Speaker 1: lost in them. Feelings are just really tough. Emotions are intense, 336 00:17:39,756 --> 00:17:42,316 Speaker 1: and it can feel like you're swallowed up by them 337 00:17:42,396 --> 00:17:46,436 Speaker 1: or overwhelmed by them. So often. I think that in 338 00:17:46,516 --> 00:17:48,236 Speaker 1: certain times in my life I thought I was like, 339 00:17:48,356 --> 00:17:51,116 Speaker 1: really in touch with my feelings, but I was ruminating. 340 00:17:51,396 --> 00:17:54,116 Speaker 1: I was sort of letting myself be swept away and 341 00:17:54,156 --> 00:17:58,756 Speaker 1: the feelings. And so this idea of allowing all feelings 342 00:17:58,836 --> 00:18:04,796 Speaker 1: skillfully means thinking about approaching feelings with a different perspective. 343 00:18:04,916 --> 00:18:08,316 Speaker 1: You're still allowing all of them, but on top, you're 344 00:18:08,396 --> 00:18:12,996 Speaker 1: adding up perspective of a kind witness, somebody who cares. 345 00:18:13,316 --> 00:18:16,836 Speaker 1: You're tapping into that noticing caring part of yourself. You're 346 00:18:16,876 --> 00:18:18,916 Speaker 1: not going to suppress any of the feelings. This isn't 347 00:18:18,956 --> 00:18:22,916 Speaker 1: like toxic positivity. You're not bottling up, but you're not 348 00:18:23,156 --> 00:18:26,956 Speaker 1: only submerged in the feelings, you're also noticing and caring 349 00:18:26,996 --> 00:18:31,076 Speaker 1: for yourself. So, for instance, one of the strategies is 350 00:18:31,236 --> 00:18:34,996 Speaker 1: doctor Kristin Neff's self compassion break, where you take a 351 00:18:35,036 --> 00:18:38,876 Speaker 1: moment to really acknowledge that this is a difficult moment. 352 00:18:39,516 --> 00:18:42,276 Speaker 1: I am suffering in this moment. This is real. And 353 00:18:42,436 --> 00:18:45,636 Speaker 1: notice with that acknowledgement, you're not criticizing yourself, so you're 354 00:18:45,636 --> 00:18:48,156 Speaker 1: not beating yourself. I shouldn't have this difficult moment. What's 355 00:18:48,156 --> 00:18:51,156 Speaker 1: wrong with me? You're really kind of letting yourself feel it. 356 00:18:51,716 --> 00:18:54,316 Speaker 1: Some people might even say, maybe notice where it is 357 00:18:54,316 --> 00:18:57,436 Speaker 1: in your body again, using that curiosity to open up, 358 00:18:57,836 --> 00:19:01,356 Speaker 1: maybe to allow more and maybe get not only in 359 00:19:01,396 --> 00:19:03,916 Speaker 1: your head, but kind of notice how that it's affecting 360 00:19:03,956 --> 00:19:06,196 Speaker 1: your body. So that's the first step of the self 361 00:19:06,196 --> 00:19:10,156 Speaker 1: compassion break, noticing well, this is real, this is a 362 00:19:10,196 --> 00:19:15,156 Speaker 1: real moment of difficulty, and then reminding yourself that that's 363 00:19:15,236 --> 00:19:18,316 Speaker 1: part of being human. This doesn't mean there's anything wrong 364 00:19:18,316 --> 00:19:21,276 Speaker 1: with you, anything bad about you. You might not like it, 365 00:19:21,476 --> 00:19:24,196 Speaker 1: but part of being human is having difficult feelings. This 366 00:19:24,276 --> 00:19:26,596 Speaker 1: is something that connects you to other people. It might 367 00:19:26,676 --> 00:19:30,596 Speaker 1: feel alienating, but this is a human aspect. And then 368 00:19:30,636 --> 00:19:33,396 Speaker 1: the last step of the self compassion break is thinking 369 00:19:33,436 --> 00:19:36,636 Speaker 1: about how can I support myself in this moment? Do 370 00:19:36,676 --> 00:19:38,756 Speaker 1: I need to connect with a friend, Do I need 371 00:19:38,796 --> 00:19:41,036 Speaker 1: a walk, Do I need a glass of water? Do 372 00:19:41,076 --> 00:19:44,476 Speaker 1: I just need to journal or listen to a piece 373 00:19:44,476 --> 00:19:46,116 Speaker 1: of music, or do I just need to kind of 374 00:19:46,116 --> 00:19:48,636 Speaker 1: sit here and breathe for a few minutes. And you 375 00:19:48,676 --> 00:19:50,556 Speaker 1: can kind of let that question come up. You might 376 00:19:50,596 --> 00:19:53,596 Speaker 1: even not answer it immediately, but more you're training that 377 00:19:53,676 --> 00:19:57,076 Speaker 1: attitude towards suffering, not like this is terrible, I shouldn't 378 00:19:57,076 --> 00:19:59,396 Speaker 1: feel this way, but yeah, this is part of life, 379 00:19:59,836 --> 00:20:03,076 Speaker 1: this is real. How can I support myself? And so 380 00:20:03,636 --> 00:20:05,796 Speaker 1: you've been doing these workouts for a long time, and 381 00:20:05,836 --> 00:20:08,356 Speaker 1: you have lots of students who've engaged in these workouts. 382 00:20:08,516 --> 00:20:10,836 Speaker 1: What are some the benefits that you've seen of kind 383 00:20:10,876 --> 00:20:13,516 Speaker 1: of committing to doing these practices over and over and 384 00:20:13,556 --> 00:20:16,556 Speaker 1: over again and putting the time in the reps in well, 385 00:20:16,596 --> 00:20:20,156 Speaker 1: the one that I'm especially interested in is experiencing less 386 00:20:20,316 --> 00:20:25,756 Speaker 1: self criticism, and self criticism is strongly associated with higher 387 00:20:25,836 --> 00:20:32,276 Speaker 1: levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, So reducing self criticism 388 00:20:32,356 --> 00:20:35,916 Speaker 1: is a wonderful thing to do for your well being. Also, 389 00:20:35,996 --> 00:20:40,156 Speaker 1: my students report feeling more comfortable socializing. It can be 390 00:20:40,276 --> 00:20:42,476 Speaker 1: really tough if you're putting yourself down all the time 391 00:20:42,516 --> 00:20:45,596 Speaker 1: to really feel like it's okay to connect with people 392 00:20:45,836 --> 00:20:48,516 Speaker 1: or talk with people. And you know, there's a lot 393 00:20:48,556 --> 00:20:52,116 Speaker 1: of social anxiety out there, especially after COVID, maybe people 394 00:20:52,156 --> 00:20:55,676 Speaker 1: are even less used to socializing. So people describe being 395 00:20:55,756 --> 00:20:59,436 Speaker 1: a little bit more open to connection. So there's a 396 00:20:59,476 --> 00:21:02,276 Speaker 1: lot of different effects that can emerge, and it's been 397 00:21:02,436 --> 00:21:05,756 Speaker 1: a real pleasure to see my students describe the changes 398 00:21:05,796 --> 00:21:07,836 Speaker 1: that take place in their minds with new self talk 399 00:21:07,876 --> 00:21:11,876 Speaker 1: techniques and then how that translates into their relationships and 400 00:21:11,996 --> 00:21:15,396 Speaker 1: their academic work. And have you personally seen the benefits 401 00:21:15,396 --> 00:21:17,916 Speaker 1: of it. It's been a real game changer for me. 402 00:21:18,276 --> 00:21:21,836 Speaker 1: So my teenage years in my early twenties were really 403 00:21:21,876 --> 00:21:24,756 Speaker 1: plagued with a lot of self criticism. I felt really 404 00:21:24,796 --> 00:21:27,036 Speaker 1: bad about myself and I did feel like that was 405 00:21:27,076 --> 00:21:29,716 Speaker 1: a core aspect of who I was as a person. 406 00:21:30,436 --> 00:21:34,036 Speaker 1: And it was really remarkable to me that over the 407 00:21:34,156 --> 00:21:38,396 Speaker 1: years my new normal changed so that my default way 408 00:21:38,436 --> 00:21:41,676 Speaker 1: of relating to myself is kind and encouraging. When things 409 00:21:41,716 --> 00:21:44,956 Speaker 1: get bad, I have a better sense that this isn't 410 00:21:44,956 --> 00:21:47,916 Speaker 1: going to last forever, that even if I'm feeling sort 411 00:21:47,956 --> 00:21:50,796 Speaker 1: of bad right now, there are strategies that can help me. 412 00:21:50,996 --> 00:21:54,636 Speaker 1: And it's very likely that even if it doesn't feel 413 00:21:54,636 --> 00:21:56,356 Speaker 1: like I'm going to feel good right away, that I 414 00:21:56,356 --> 00:21:59,796 Speaker 1: can feel better pretty soon, and that I know that 415 00:21:59,916 --> 00:22:04,156 Speaker 1: treating myself with more support and kindness feels better. It's 416 00:22:04,196 --> 00:22:06,636 Speaker 1: a really powerful thing once it's sort of established. We 417 00:22:06,716 --> 00:22:09,436 Speaker 1: talked about that sort of default mental home of like 418 00:22:09,716 --> 00:22:11,556 Speaker 1: a lot of people live in that space of putting 419 00:22:11,556 --> 00:22:15,276 Speaker 1: themselves down all the time, but overpracticing doing the reps, 420 00:22:15,436 --> 00:22:18,156 Speaker 1: you know, hundreds of thousands of times being really kind 421 00:22:18,156 --> 00:22:21,196 Speaker 1: and encouraging. It's okay, yep, yeph. Life is hard, You've 422 00:22:21,196 --> 00:22:23,316 Speaker 1: got a lot of feelings. You're going to do it. 423 00:22:23,316 --> 00:22:26,076 Speaker 1: It's going to be all right. Getting into that zone 424 00:22:26,276 --> 00:22:28,996 Speaker 1: makes it more accessible when you need it. Okay, this 425 00:22:29,636 --> 00:22:31,516 Speaker 1: is a harder day. Now I can go back to 426 00:22:31,556 --> 00:22:33,596 Speaker 1: that zone. I know where that place is. I've felt 427 00:22:33,596 --> 00:22:36,316 Speaker 1: it before, so I feel more and more that instead 428 00:22:36,316 --> 00:22:39,196 Speaker 1: of just wanting to treat myself better, that this is 429 00:22:39,236 --> 00:22:41,236 Speaker 1: the way that I live in my body now. Of 430 00:22:41,236 --> 00:22:43,476 Speaker 1: course sometimes that yeah, I self critical, but I'm really 431 00:22:43,516 --> 00:22:46,556 Speaker 1: glad that I have techniques for handling it. And I 432 00:22:46,636 --> 00:22:50,276 Speaker 1: know that it's not a question of having zero self criticism. 433 00:22:50,316 --> 00:22:53,076 Speaker 1: But I'm so glad to experience much less and to 434 00:22:53,116 --> 00:22:55,396 Speaker 1: be in so much less pain about it. And I'm 435 00:22:55,396 --> 00:22:58,116 Speaker 1: really glad to learn that there are these techniques that 436 00:22:58,156 --> 00:23:02,236 Speaker 1: have helped so many people. I hope my conversation with 437 00:23:02,356 --> 00:23:05,156 Speaker 1: Rachel today has convinced you that you can develop a kinder, 438 00:23:05,276 --> 00:23:08,196 Speaker 1: healthier inner voice in the new year. The bad news 439 00:23:08,396 --> 00:23:10,636 Speaker 1: is that, just like in proving your biceps or your thighs, 440 00:23:10,956 --> 00:23:13,436 Speaker 1: strengthening your self talk does take a bit of hard work, 441 00:23:13,556 --> 00:23:16,756 Speaker 1: repeated training, and commitment. But the good news is that 442 00:23:16,796 --> 00:23:20,516 Speaker 1: you can start seeing improvements surprisingly quickly, even with a 443 00:23:20,556 --> 00:23:23,956 Speaker 1: self talk workout as simple as taking one intentional breath. 444 00:23:24,836 --> 00:23:26,956 Speaker 1: Next week, we'll tackle ways to better listen to and 445 00:23:26,996 --> 00:23:29,596 Speaker 1: strengthen our inner voice when it comes to another New 446 00:23:29,676 --> 00:23:33,236 Speaker 1: year's stressor our jobs. We'll see that a better work 447 00:23:33,276 --> 00:23:36,516 Speaker 1: life harmony is possible if we use the right strategies 448 00:23:36,556 --> 00:23:39,956 Speaker 1: to renegotiate our relationship with work. So I hope you'll 449 00:23:39,956 --> 00:23:42,036 Speaker 1: be back soon to hear the next special New Year's 450 00:23:42,036 --> 00:23:45,476 Speaker 1: Season episode of The Happiness Lab with Me, Doctor Laurie Santos. 451 00:23:47,236 --> 00:23:50,836 Speaker 1: Until then, let's hit the self talk, Jim, why don't 452 00:23:50,876 --> 00:23:57,436 Speaker 1: you inhale my friend and exhale my friend. Inhale my 453 00:23:57,516 --> 00:24:08,476 Speaker 1: friend and exhale my friend. Inhale my friend and exhale 454 00:24:08,516 --> 00:24:25,036 Speaker 1: my friend. The Happiness Lab is co written by Ryan 455 00:24:25,116 --> 00:24:28,316 Speaker 1: Dilley and is produced by Ryan Dilley and Courtney Guerino. 456 00:24:28,836 --> 00:24:31,436 Speaker 1: The show was mastered by Evan Viola and our original 457 00:24:31,556 --> 00:24:36,196 Speaker 1: music was composed by Zachary Silver. Special thanks to Shanebeard, Greticon, 458 00:24:36,436 --> 00:24:40,556 Speaker 1: Nicole Morano, Morgan Ratner, Maggie Taylor, Jacob Weisberg, my agent, 459 00:24:40,596 --> 00:24:43,116 Speaker 1: Ben Davis, and the rest of the Pushkin team. The 460 00:24:43,156 --> 00:24:45,716 Speaker 1: Happiness Lab is brought to you by Pushkin Industries and 461 00:24:45,796 --> 00:24:47,436 Speaker 1: by Me, Doctor Laurie Santos.