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Speaker 1: How did everybody Ugh Blair, Blair Blair blah. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: think you know where this is headed. It's our episode

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Speaker 1: on disgust. This is a Josh pic way back in

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Speaker 1: the day. This is March twenty nineteen. And I thought, initially, well,

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Speaker 1: what in the world are we going to talk about

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Speaker 1: with disgust? I don't I'm not sure I get this one, Josh,

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Speaker 1: but he knew, as he always does, that there was

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Speaker 1: something more to it than meets the eye.

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Speaker 2: And he was right.

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Speaker 1: So check it out and learn all about disgust right here,

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Speaker 1: right now.

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Speaker 2: Blah.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 3: You and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and

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Speaker 3: there's Charles w Chuck Bryan over there, and there's Jerry

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Speaker 3: and this is discussed on Stuff you should Know about disgust.

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Speaker 2: You gotta say it like that.

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Speaker 3: I'm excited about this one, Chuck, And I don't know why.

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Speaker 2: I have no idea.

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Speaker 3: I think you do. If you stopped and really thought

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Speaker 3: about it, that's fine, that's fine. But if you stopped

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Speaker 3: and thought about it, you would say, yes, I know

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Speaker 3: exactly why, Josh. And it is as follows Colon quotes

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Speaker 3: because this is one of those things that science hasn't

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Speaker 3: fully explained, which means there's a lot of interesting theories,

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Speaker 3: which means we just get to like talk smack the

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Speaker 3: whole time.

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Speaker 1: It's interesting. This is one of those where I was

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Speaker 1: reading it and I was I mean, it was sort

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Speaker 1: of interesting. But then I was like, why would anyone

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Speaker 1: even study this?

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Speaker 3: I that's I mean, that's a good question. That's a

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Speaker 3: good question. I think one of the reasons that I'm

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Speaker 3: fascinated by it, And then I'm sure one of the

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Speaker 3: reasons of these I mean, to dedicate your career to

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Speaker 3: studying disgust. It is kind of a bizarre idea, but

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Speaker 3: one of the main researchers in the study of disgust

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Speaker 3: is a guy named Paul Rosen. He's kind of like

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Speaker 3: the godfather, maybe even the father of the field. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: he says, sure, but he's been doing it longer than anybody,

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Speaker 3: so he's the He's the pappy as they say in

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Speaker 3: the hills. He said that to him, discussed is the thing,

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Speaker 3: the emotion, the experience that makes humans human, that that

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Speaker 3: it is discussed that separates us from the other animals

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Speaker 3: that we share the animal kingdom with so much so

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Speaker 3: that we actually may use disgust to separate ourselves from

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Speaker 3: the rest of the animals. Okay, that is pretty fascinating

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Speaker 3: and it's worth exploring too, because I think it says

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Speaker 3: a lot about us as as humans and as animals. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: so that's why that's the answer to your question. How

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Speaker 3: about that?

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Speaker 2: All right?

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Speaker 1: No, I get why somebody would want to say, I

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Speaker 1: guess I'm talking about allocating funds.

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Speaker 2: Just study it.

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Speaker 3: Oh gotcha.

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Speaker 1: It just seems like a strange thing to sink money into.

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Speaker 3: Well, I mean, if the humanities are going to sink

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Speaker 3: money into anything, what makes us the most human would be?

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Speaker 1: It makes it makes sense according to one guy, Right,

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Speaker 1: I love it. Let's talk about gross things.

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Speaker 3: Okay, so we're going to So so this, this whole

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Speaker 3: idea of studying it, of studying disgust, is actually pretty new.

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Speaker 3: Rosen didn't really start until like the seventies, and it

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Speaker 3: wasn't until the nineties that it really got it really

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Speaker 3: picked up, which we'll kind of get into. But prior

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Speaker 3: to that, it was basically just philosophers who who were

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Speaker 3: talking about disgust.

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Speaker 1: Right, yes, I think, and I'm not sure about studying,

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Speaker 1: But at least as far as I think, it seems

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Speaker 1: to me like it was more of a like where's

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Speaker 1: the boundary as far as what can we write about?

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Speaker 1: What can we talk about, and what can we perform

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Speaker 1: right and still sell books and tickets right?

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Speaker 3: Like we want we want people to be tantalized at

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Speaker 3: the thought of being grossed out or disgusted, but not

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Speaker 3: actually be disgusted. It is a fine line that's walked, you.

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Speaker 2: Know, no, of course, and it's subjective, it is.

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Speaker 3: But the other thing about Discuss that's pretty interesting is

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Speaker 3: it also appears to be universal. It's like it's a

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Speaker 3: universal reaction. But what disgusts people is not universal. It's

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Speaker 3: culturally bound I guess, right, maybe personal too, sure.

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Speaker 2: I think totally personal.

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Speaker 3: So the over time, like as you know, Discuss kind

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Speaker 3: of moved out of the realm of philosophers and into science.

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Speaker 3: There were a couple people who kind of made contributions

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Speaker 3: early on in the field. When was Charles Darwin. He

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Speaker 3: wrote a treatise on it, and his big thing was

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Speaker 3: that disgust was related to taste, which is true to

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Speaker 3: an extent, but that was Darwin's big thing, and then

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Speaker 3: later on there was a guy, a psychoanalyst named andros angy'all,

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Speaker 3: and Andres Angyall basically said that no, no, no, discuss

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Speaker 3: is not really related to taste. It's the it comes

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Speaker 3: from the idea or the thought of putting something horrific

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Speaker 3: into the mouth, which again kind of makes sense to

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Speaker 3: a certain extent. But then when Rosen and friends came along,

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Speaker 3: it really started to take off and they actually managed

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Speaker 3: to kind of categorize disgust into a few categories, which

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Speaker 3: is what you do when you categorize things.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, there's the first one is core discussed, and that's

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Speaker 1: what you think of if you like, you know, if

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Speaker 1: poop or I mean, everyone has their own triggers, but

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Speaker 1: if like vomit or feces or like a like entrails

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Speaker 1: or something like that's cored discussed. That's an encounter with

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Speaker 1: some sort of like physical contaminant that makes you, you know,

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Speaker 1: make that face right, and.

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Speaker 3: That face specifically, that's another universal thing too, apparently, the faces.

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Speaker 3: It's called the gape, which is your mouth is open,

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Speaker 3: your tongue may or may not be sticking out, your

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Speaker 3: nose is wrinkled, and your upper lip is raised.

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Speaker 2: Actually I don't do that with my mouth open, though,

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Speaker 2: so you just.

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Speaker 3: Kind of do the nose wrinkle in the upper lip.

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Speaker 2: I guess like this, but I don't open my mouth.

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Speaker 1: So that's why I sort of like, I don't know

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Speaker 1: when it comes to stuff like this, I'm a little

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Speaker 1: when they make these sweeping statements like everyone makes this face. Well,

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Speaker 1: everyone may make a variation of a face of a.

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Speaker 3: Like kind of a there's like a universal set of

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Speaker 3: characteristics to the face that you could choose from that

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Speaker 3: would fall into disgust like that.

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Speaker 1: I don't know if you choose anything but maybe your

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Speaker 1: natural reaction. But like I don't open my mouth, And

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Speaker 1: when I read that, like everyone opens their mouth, like, no,

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Speaker 1: that's not true.

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Speaker 3: So I think one of the reasons why there is

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Speaker 3: like this idea of it being universal is because evolutionary

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Speaker 3: psychology is we'll see has said like, yes, this is

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Speaker 3: our realm, We've got this, we're gonna explain this one

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Speaker 3: and two fully, it basically has to be universal. So

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Speaker 3: I think that's another thing about the point where the

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Speaker 3: study of disgust is right now, Like there's a lot

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Speaker 3: of good ideas, some of which have kind of been

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Speaker 3: shown to be probably true thanks to the Wonder Machine,

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Speaker 3: but it's still it's not fully explained, and so there

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Speaker 3: are some ideas and descriptions that make it seem kind

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Speaker 3: of wacky too, right.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure.

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Speaker 1: That second kind of discuss getting back to that, was

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Speaker 1: animal nature discussed, which is apparently these are things that

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Speaker 1: anything that reminds us that we're really animals, and that

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Speaker 1: could there could be a wide range of things there,

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Speaker 1: from like some people think people eating with their hands

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Speaker 1: is disgusting, and I think that would qualify under animal

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Speaker 1: nature because like you're eating like an animal.

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Speaker 2: Let's say.

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Speaker 1: Sex, and we'll get into that more later, but apparently

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Speaker 1: there's a baseline discussed for sex, which I'm not so

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Speaker 1: sure about that one either. And then hygiene is another one.

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Speaker 1: Poor hygiene is the animal nature discussed.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, And another one is the like like you said, entrails,

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Speaker 3: something that's called the the body envelope, the ideal body

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Speaker 3: envelope being violated, whether it's like there's a deformity or

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Speaker 3: there is like some sort of like an open wound

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Speaker 3: or something like that. They think that this whole animal

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Speaker 3: nature thing, that all these things remind us that we

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Speaker 3: are animals and that disgust can be triggered by that

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Speaker 3: reminder that we are that we are in fact animals,

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Speaker 3: which is kind of weird. But we'll get into explanations

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Speaker 3: for that later. I can't wait.

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Speaker 2: That's right.

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Speaker 1: And the final one is moral discussed, which and this

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Speaker 1: is one where you know, you can be disgusted with

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Speaker 1: someone's behavior or you know, disgusted with like something a

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Speaker 1: politician does, or disgusted with racism or bigotry something like that.

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Speaker 3: Right, And that one makes like the least amount of

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Speaker 3: sense if you think about it like that. Okay, the

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Speaker 3: first two were just kind of like, all right, we're like,

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Speaker 3: it's animal related. We might have issues with being animals,

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Speaker 3: so we're kind of disgusted by ourselves at the thought

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Speaker 3: that we're animals. Maybe it's a bit more of a

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Speaker 3: stretch than that core discussed, Like core disgusted makes this

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Speaker 3: most sense out of all of them. Agreed.

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Speaker 1: Uh yeah, And I don't even think that the moral discussed.

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Speaker 1: I think that's a different type of thing altogether.

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Speaker 3: So that other people have proposed that that like they're

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Speaker 3: like some people have said, well, English speakers are just

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Speaker 3: misusing the word discussed. They're actually talking right, well, they've

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Speaker 3: done They've done studies of people in the Wonder Machine

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Speaker 3: that shows that the region of the brain, the anterior insula,

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Speaker 3: that's usually that usually lights up when you're showing a

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Speaker 3: picture of like dog poop and said you're gonna eat this,

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Speaker 3: you know your your anterior insula lights up. That same

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Speaker 3: region lights up when people are disgusted with other people morally.

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Speaker 3: Remember the ultimatum game. I don't remember. It used to

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Speaker 3: come up all the time back in the day in

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Speaker 3: our episodes. Yeah, but so if somebody was given a

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Speaker 3: really really low offer I take it or leave it

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Speaker 3: offer that was so low and so unfair that the

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Speaker 3: person said, I'm just leaving it. I actually don't want

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Speaker 3: this free money because I find it insulting. That same

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Speaker 3: part of the brain that is triggered by like fecal

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Speaker 3: disgust is also triggered, which supports the idea that there

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Speaker 3: actually is a moral dimension to disgust and that we

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Speaker 3: experience it in the same way.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's interesting.

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Speaker 3: It is interesting, But it is like the it's the

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Speaker 3: most tenuous of those three, I think.

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Speaker 1: So the way this all started out, there are a

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Speaker 1: bunch of theories, but it makes sense that it might

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Speaker 1: have been sort of an offshoot of distaste, which is,

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Speaker 1: you know, your body is conditioned thanks to you know,

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Speaker 1: evolution to if you eat something that's bitter or rotten,

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Speaker 1: like your instinct, your taste instinct is to throw it

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Speaker 1: out and get rid of it, and it's a defense

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Speaker 1: mechanism to save your life. And so the ideas that

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Speaker 1: discuss developed out of that and that it's just simply

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Speaker 1: an evolutionary trait that could have you know, saved Tiktook's life,

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Speaker 1: you know, however many years ago.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, And there's evidence apparently that this distaste, which is

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Speaker 3: basically is an involuntary reaction, is like dropping something that's hot,

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Speaker 3: Like you don't stop and think like wow, this cooking

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Speaker 3: pan is about five well and five hundred and fifty

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Speaker 3: degrees fahrenheight, and then you drop it. I should probably

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Speaker 3: drop it like you just dropped the pant. Distaste is

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Speaker 3: the same exact thing, and they've actually seen it elsewhere

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Speaker 3: in the animal kingdom. So we've probably experienced distaste since

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Speaker 3: before we were humans, and it's just spitting something out

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Speaker 3: that doesn't seem right in an effort to I guess,

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Speaker 3: keep the body from becoming polluted with disease, right, and

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Speaker 3: they think that distaste somehow became a behavior that was

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Speaker 3: laid over this ex or I'm sorry, disgust as was

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Speaker 3: a behavior that became laid over this existing structure of distaste.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, And that's interesting to me because that means that

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Speaker 1: it becomes all of a sudden. It's not like you

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Speaker 1: have to eat poop to be disgusted, right, Like the

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Speaker 1: mere sight of poop now can discuss somebody.

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Speaker 2: Yes, uh, and that just happened over time, I think.

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Speaker 3: So that is why Rosen says this is like disgust

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Speaker 3: is the defining characteristic of humanity because they suspect that

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Speaker 3: other animals, at the very least almost all other animals

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Speaker 3: don't have the cognitive capacity to use their imagination to

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Speaker 3: imagine themselves eating poop and see and being disgusted by

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Speaker 3: it as a result. Right, So that's why they say

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Speaker 3: disgust separates humans from animals because it requires imagination to

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Speaker 3: go from an involuntary reaction of spitting out food to

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Speaker 3: not even getting to the point where the food is

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Speaker 3: in your mouth. You can imagine that you would have

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Speaker 3: that reaction and experience the emotion of disgust. So you

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Speaker 3: don't have to go through that process, that actually very

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Speaker 3: dangerous process of eating something rotten to figure out that

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Speaker 3: you shouldn't be eating it. You can imagine it beforehand.

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Speaker 3: And that's the function that discussed at least core disgust

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Speaker 3: provides humanity. It advances us. We don't have to learn

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Speaker 3: through trial and error over and over again not to

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Speaker 3: eat rotten meat. We just know on some very basic

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Speaker 3: level that that is a disgusting thing to do, and

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Speaker 3: we have a reaction to it.

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Speaker 1: Or you want to take a break, Yeah, all right, everyone,

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Speaker 1: we're going to be right back right after this with

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Speaker 1: more disgust. So I think we should go back to

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Speaker 1: Tiktook and just like how this actually may have worked

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Speaker 1: back in the day, Let's say Tiktook and his buddy

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Speaker 1: Mockmock are strolling along the tundra.

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Speaker 3: You know, Chuck, after eleven years, I am surprised that

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Speaker 3: we have a new character, and I am very pleased

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Speaker 3: Mock Mock.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, well, don't get used to him, because Mack Mack

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Speaker 1: is he's about to die for Mock Mak. So TikTok

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Speaker 1: and Mackmacher walking along the tundra they find an old,

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Speaker 1: dead antelope, and Mockmock is like, well, this doesn't smell great,

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Speaker 1: but I tell you what, I'm going to eat this

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Speaker 1: thing because I don't have this genetic trait because my

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Speaker 1: mom ate this stuff, uh and it's fine, And Tooktooks like,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, my friend, it looks and smells gross.

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Speaker 1: I do have this genetic trait, so I'm going to

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Speaker 1: pass on that. So Mockmock's like, you're a sucker. I'm

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Speaker 1: going to chow down on this rotten antelope. And then

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Speaker 1: Mockmock gets sick and dies before Mockmock can have any babies.

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Speaker 1: And then if this happens thousands and tens of thousands

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Speaker 1: of times over a huge population, you can see how

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Speaker 1: over time it would be like any physical evolutionary trait

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Speaker 1: that might evolve over time, and all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: Tuktook's family is thriving today in the United States, all

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Speaker 1: healthy descendants of Tuktook and Mockmock is long gone.

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Speaker 3: Right because Tuktook was able to pass along his genes

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Speaker 3: of being disgusted by rotten meat, and Mockmock died before

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Speaker 3: he could pass his genes of not being disgusted along.

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Speaker 3: So nature or natural selection or revolutions selected for Tuktooks right.

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Speaker 2: Right, And Tiktook was a prolific lover, as we all know.

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Speaker 3: And I imagine Mockmock in his dying words gasping, I

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Speaker 3: regret never having.

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Speaker 2: Seen the ocean. Yeah. Probably, so.

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Speaker 3: It's a good mockmch Everyone doesn't know, but it's true.

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Speaker 3: That was a great so chuck. That's the that's the

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Speaker 3: evolutionary psychology basis for explaining how disgust came along and

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Speaker 3: was passed along, right, And it makes sense on a

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Speaker 3: very basic level, but it starts to get less and

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Speaker 3: less sensible, as you've already pointed out, as we start

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Speaker 3: to add more and more inputs of disgust. Right, like, yes,

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Speaker 3: it makes sense that either somehow the idea of not

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Speaker 3: eating meat was passed along, either genetically or even you

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Speaker 3: could say Tuktook went back to the hunter gatherer tribe

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Speaker 3: and said, hey, let me tell you what happened to Mockmock.

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Speaker 3: It was crazy. He ate some rancid antelope, which I

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Speaker 3: guess we all kind of thought was okay up to

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Speaker 3: this point. But let me tell you, steer clear of

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Speaker 3: the rancid antelope. You don't want to have anything to

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Speaker 3: do that because it just killed Mockmack, and everyone trusting

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Speaker 3: tuktook in, not just assuming that he hit Mockmock with

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Speaker 3: a rock or something out in the wilderness and left

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Speaker 3: him to die, that he actually did die from eating antelope.

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Speaker 3: This became passed along. This is another way it could

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Speaker 3: have happened, and that this like ancient knowledge. We just

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Speaker 3: lost where the ancient knowledge came from, that was actually

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Speaker 3: TikTok seeing Mockmock die, and instead it just became something

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Speaker 3: that we came to think of as like instinct over time,

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Speaker 3: you just don't eat rancid meat. But really what it is,

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Speaker 3: rather than being passed along genetically, it was a I guess,

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Speaker 3: a meme, an idea that was passed along generation to generation,

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Speaker 3: and it became so ingrained that we just confuse it

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Speaker 3: for genes or instinct as well, which is another explanation

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Speaker 3: of it. But both of them have like an evolutionary

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Speaker 3: component to it for sure.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and then over time that even changes to where

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Speaker 1: like it's not like humans, like let's talk about a

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Speaker 1: human body then like a dead a dead human body

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Speaker 1: a corpse.

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Speaker 3: Let me get my poking stick.

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Speaker 2: Well, you probably.

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Speaker 1: Wouldn't poke it because your evolutionary instinct is to probably

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Speaker 1: just stay away.

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Speaker 2: From that body.

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Speaker 3: Well, that's what the stick is for.

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Speaker 2: And it's not just because like, well.

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Speaker 1: Maybe partially because a dead body just might creep someone out,

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Speaker 1: but there's also an evolutionary basis to avoid that body,

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Speaker 1: get it out of the house, and bury it because

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Speaker 1: it may have been diseased.

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Speaker 2: And they've even done studies.

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Speaker 1: That was a study in two thousand and four in

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Speaker 1: Biology Letters, just the greatest teen science mag out there.

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Speaker 3: The Tiger Beat in Biological Science.

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Speaker 1: So Biology Letters said that they didn't study where they

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Speaker 1: found the images of objects that held what was called

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Speaker 1: a potential disease threat, where rated is more disgusting. So

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Speaker 1: this is just the idea that, again, because of evolution,

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Speaker 1: we are have trained ourselves to avoid somebody who looks sick.

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Speaker 3: Okay, now we get to another big chink in the armor.

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Speaker 3: Ask me, where did we get the idea that a

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Speaker 3: body caused disease and that you could become polluted by

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Speaker 3: some weird magical transference of this disease by handling or

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Speaker 3: coming in close contact with the body.

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Speaker 2: Like pre germ theory.

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Speaker 3: Pre germ theory, germ theory is very new, it's about

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Speaker 3: one hundred and fifty years old. Almost on the nose.

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Speaker 3: We're talking about people's aversion to dead bodies and corpses

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Speaker 3: for eons before that, hundreds of years, if not thousands

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Speaker 3: and thousands of years, right.

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Speaker 2: Well, maybe even more like what if, like I mean,

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Speaker 2: what if someone just going.

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Speaker 1: Like back in the day where people like, oh, that's great,

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Speaker 1: come here and give me, give me some sugar, right,

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Speaker 1: or were people always sort of repulsed by that?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I don't know, and we don't we don't know.

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Speaker 3: We can't say. We can only go as far back

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Speaker 3: as any historical references we can find. But you can

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Speaker 3: make a pretty good case that an aversion to something

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Speaker 3: like that or a dead body goes back much further

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Speaker 3: than germ theory. Yeah, so you come to that question,

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Speaker 3: where did we get this idea? Where did we get

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Speaker 3: this understanding on a very basic fundamental level that corpses

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Speaker 3: are to be avoided so much so that we are

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Speaker 3: disgusted by them. And even if you're not disgusted, like

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Speaker 3: I want to wretch if I see a dead body

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Speaker 3: in person, which you may be surprised. I think a

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Speaker 3: lot of people would be very surprised that if they

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Speaker 3: actually did see a dead body, they would be they

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Speaker 3: would probably wretch.

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Speaker 2: It depends on you know, what's going on the state

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Speaker 2: it's in.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, if it's a viscerated or something like that, or

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Speaker 3: the smell I think also true. But the idea that

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Speaker 3: there's something that is keeping you from avoiding it, whether

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Speaker 3: it's the creeps, whether it's discussed, whether it's some form

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Speaker 3: of a version that is that is acting to put

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Speaker 3: distance between you and the polluting entity. This dead body.

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Speaker 3: Where did that come from before germ theory? That's my

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Speaker 3: big question that I haven't seen it answered anywhere. It's

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Speaker 3: where did we get that? Again? Was it somebody handled

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Speaker 3: the dead body and like became directly sick from it,

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Speaker 3: so obviously that even like took Cook could say, yes,

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Speaker 3: the dead body caused this, so we should steer clear

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Speaker 3: of hanging out around dead bodies. Or was there some

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Speaker 3: sort of awareness on a very basic level that we

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Speaker 3: haven't figured out how to explain yet that that kept

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Speaker 3: generations and generations of humans relatively healthy before the advent

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Speaker 3: of germ theory and our understanding of it.

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Speaker 1: It is a bit of a mind experiment. It is like, uh,

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Speaker 1: this perhaps the very sound of someone very ill and

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Speaker 1: hawking up.

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Speaker 2: You know, phlegm sounds.

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Speaker 1: Gross, right, But like like you say, though, before germ theory,

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Speaker 1: before they knew that that would make that was sickness

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Speaker 1: or that made someone sick, maybe people were like, oh,

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Speaker 1: come in here and do that in my face. I

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Speaker 1: love that sound, right, but it just doesn't seem likely.

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Speaker 3: It's like ASMR to me.

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Speaker 1: I don't know, man, It's very hard to wrap your

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Speaker 1: head around.

401
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Speaker 3: And also, if you remember in our Great Stink episode,

402
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Speaker 3: right prior to germ theory, there is miasma theory, which

403
00:22:13,560 --> 00:22:16,560
Speaker 3: was the smell of something directly polluted you and made

404
00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:19,960
Speaker 3: you sick. Well, okay, associated with it. But even that,

405
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Speaker 3: it's like, so, okay, what made you think that the smell?

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Speaker 3: What makes you think that a dead body, which in

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Speaker 3: and of itself isn't giving off any actual signals that

408
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Speaker 3: it will make you sick if it's decayed enough and

409
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Speaker 3: you like interact with it. What about that made us

410
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Speaker 3: associate sickness a transference of sickness. That transference is it's

411
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Speaker 3: an invisible magical transference of pollution from the dead body

412
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Speaker 3: to you, the person who's handling the dead body. That

413
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Speaker 3: is significant and remarkable that we came up with that.

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Speaker 3: That's what I think is just so fascinating about all this.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and I think this thing about the contingencies plays

416
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Speaker 1: into because and it's fun.

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Speaker 2: I have to admit, when I.

418
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Speaker 1: Read this the word contingencies in my head, I was

419
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Speaker 1: adding a letter or something and I kept saying in

420
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Speaker 1: my head as contingenesis, and I was like, what is

421
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Speaker 1: that contingenesis? And finally I saw contingencies correctly. I was like, man,

422
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Speaker 1: am I drunk? Like what's going on? So? Anyway, there

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Speaker 1: are contingenesies.

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Speaker 3: That's like a facetious I had that same Oh really, yeah,

425
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Speaker 3: what'd you think it said? Or sounded like facetious or

426
00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:39,399
Speaker 3: something like that, and I kept sounding it out and

427
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Speaker 3: then finally I was like, oh, that's facetious.

428
00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:46,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, but you were probably like twelve and not a

429
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Speaker 1: professional broadcaster.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I stink you had something in your eye that

431
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Speaker 3: was all So.

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Speaker 1: These contingencies in humans at any time, there are many

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Speaker 1: contingencies at work within us, competing against each other. So

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Speaker 1: if you go back to tuktook and mockmock Mackmack died,

435
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Speaker 1: or let's say he did feel some disgust, but it

436
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Speaker 1: wasn't like but he was also hungry. So that's the

437
00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:23,920
Speaker 1: competing contingenesis and his desire to eat and not desire

438
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:28,400
Speaker 1: his need to eat overcame his low level disgust of like, well,

439
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,840
Speaker 1: it doesn't taste great, but I have this other contingency

440
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:34,720
Speaker 1: that says I have to eat, so I'm going to

441
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,760
Speaker 1: eat the thing and he doesn't die, right, then it's

442
00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:38,840
Speaker 1: a little more complicated.

443
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:41,040
Speaker 3: It is more complicated, and if you step back and

444
00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:44,359
Speaker 3: think about it evolutionarily, it would make way more sense

445
00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:47,800
Speaker 3: for us to not maintain a sense of disgust and

446
00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:51,600
Speaker 3: be able to eat like rancid meat and then instead

447
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:56,480
Speaker 3: learn like basically develop a gut biome that will will

448
00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:01,080
Speaker 3: kill any bacterial decay that could make us sick, so

449
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,720
Speaker 3: that we we could have like that many more things

450
00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:06,639
Speaker 3: that are available for us to eat when we're hard up.

451
00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:10,120
Speaker 3: That makes way more sense through natural selection and evolution

452
00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:12,760
Speaker 3: than learning to not eat something.

453
00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:14,520
Speaker 1: And you know what I mean, that's sort of the

454
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:19,160
Speaker 1: thing too, though, Like the the winning contingency is ultimately

455
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:21,880
Speaker 1: going to be the one that makes you more fit

456
00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:24,879
Speaker 1: for you know, replication, right, right, So.

457
00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:31,040
Speaker 3: You you for cloning self cloning, so the but yes,

458
00:25:31,119 --> 00:25:33,439
Speaker 3: so if you have more available food that you can

459
00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:36,960
Speaker 3: gain energy from in the environment, that would make more

460
00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:40,080
Speaker 3: sense to adapt to that rather than to adapt and

461
00:25:40,119 --> 00:25:44,440
Speaker 3: aversion to a potential food source. Right, So that's one question.

462
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,720
Speaker 3: And then you can also kind of lay that right

463
00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:52,159
Speaker 3: over sex as well too, Right, So this this explanation

464
00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:56,720
Speaker 3: of why we might be averse, why we have competing

465
00:25:56,840 --> 00:26:01,840
Speaker 3: contingencies for sex, right, Like, you want to be attracted

466
00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:07,120
Speaker 3: to your mate because you're a person you find attractive

467
00:26:07,560 --> 00:26:11,440
Speaker 3: is probably going to be a good match for you

468
00:26:11,640 --> 00:26:13,000
Speaker 3: reproductive wise.

469
00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:15,320
Speaker 2: Right, especially if they smell good.

470
00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,000
Speaker 3: Right, And then yes, and then if you if you

471
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:23,399
Speaker 3: are trying to reproduce with somebody you're disgusted by, they

472
00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:27,440
Speaker 3: might not be a good match reproductive wiy was evolutionarily

473
00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,879
Speaker 3: it makes sense, that's a that's a that's a mental

474
00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:34,119
Speaker 3: gymnastics right there. To me, it makes more sense to

475
00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,520
Speaker 3: just say, here's an example of evolution screwing us up,

476
00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:40,960
Speaker 3: of natural selection screwing us up. We developed an ability

477
00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,080
Speaker 3: to feel disgusted by sex because it reminds us that

478
00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:46,879
Speaker 3: we're animals, and so we're missing out on sex or

479
00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:50,800
Speaker 3: at least deriving pleasure from sex because we are possibly

480
00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,920
Speaker 3: disgusted by the act of sex if we step back

481
00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:57,000
Speaker 3: and think about it in the right way. Right, you

482
00:26:57,080 --> 00:26:59,480
Speaker 3: see what I'm saying. Sure, So there's a lot of

483
00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:02,400
Speaker 3: holes here, which is why I mean, I've got both

484
00:27:02,440 --> 00:27:04,320
Speaker 3: of my six shooters. I'm about to start shoot them

485
00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:07,080
Speaker 3: in the air out of glee because it's been a

486
00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:08,720
Speaker 3: while since we had an episode like this.

487
00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:11,320
Speaker 1: Yeah. Another thing that I found interesting too from this

488
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:16,040
Speaker 1: was the just the mere reaction. Apparently most people open

489
00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:19,400
Speaker 1: their mouths I keep mind shut. But regardless, we all

490
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:22,280
Speaker 1: have the disgust reaction. I guess if you don't, then

491
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,800
Speaker 1: you're probably a serial killer. Like if you saw someone

492
00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 1: like open up and smell like rotten meat and literally

493
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:31,719
Speaker 1: just kept this stone face, We're like, hmm, that smells

494
00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:36,200
Speaker 1: really bad. Like they're clearly sociopaths.

495
00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,920
Speaker 3: Right, And that's what Rosen was saying. That's why disgust

496
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:43,200
Speaker 3: is it's the defining human characteristic because that person would

497
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:47,560
Speaker 3: seem non human in that sense, they'd be a robot

498
00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:48,080
Speaker 3: kind of.

499
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:49,000
Speaker 2: Yeah.

500
00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:53,080
Speaker 1: But so if people make this face like that is

501
00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:55,920
Speaker 1: the cue, Like you don't even need to smell the milk.

502
00:27:56,040 --> 00:27:59,119
Speaker 1: If I walk in the kitchen and Emily pours some

503
00:27:59,320 --> 00:28:02,560
Speaker 1: milk in it, well I was gonna say, I see

504
00:28:02,560 --> 00:28:05,080
Speaker 1: it clump out of the the thing, but that wouldn't count.

505
00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:07,440
Speaker 1: Like if I see Emily just smell the milk, she

506
00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:10,560
Speaker 1: makes her disgust face, I don't need to smell it.

507
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:12,719
Speaker 3: No, but why is it that there is a one

508
00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:16,760
Speaker 3: hundred percent chance that Emily or anyone else, yes, who

509
00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:18,080
Speaker 3: will say, smell this?

510
00:28:18,359 --> 00:28:18,560
Speaker 2: Yeah?

511
00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:20,680
Speaker 3: I never feel like, No, that's okay, thanks for the

512
00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:23,040
Speaker 3: warning with the wrinkled nose and raised up her lip.

513
00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:25,360
Speaker 1: I know, but when you're married, it's like no, true, Suly,

514
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:28,320
Speaker 1: I smelled it, like you have to smell it, right, No,

515
00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:29,280
Speaker 1: I don't want to smell it.

516
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:30,160
Speaker 3: I've suffered.

517
00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:36,240
Speaker 1: So that becomes like, all of a sudden, a something

518
00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:39,560
Speaker 1: that like bonds communities together and cultures together even.

519
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:42,600
Speaker 3: Right, but which which is another? Okay? So this then

520
00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:46,200
Speaker 3: we get to the explanation or the moral explanation of

521
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:51,320
Speaker 3: disgust of how seeing somebody involve in cheating or some

522
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:56,000
Speaker 3: sort of unfairness or racism or just something some really

523
00:28:56,200 --> 00:29:03,719
Speaker 3: anti social violating behavior that you you experienced disgusted at

524
00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:07,400
Speaker 3: the very least people say, use the word disgusted, I'm disgusted.

525
00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:10,040
Speaker 2: It makes a face, I mean, is the same thing.

526
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,160
Speaker 3: So that's that's I mean, that's what that one Wonder

527
00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:15,560
Speaker 3: Machine study said, and the other the other way that

528
00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:17,920
Speaker 3: they backed it up. There's a really interesting article by

529
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:23,280
Speaker 3: Rosen Johnathan Height, who actually was a contributor in our

530
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:26,400
Speaker 3: super Stuff Guide to Happiness if you'll remember. And then

531
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:32,040
Speaker 3: a guy named Oh McCauley, what is Clark McCauley. They're

532
00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:34,880
Speaker 3: kind of like this big three triad in the study

533
00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:35,440
Speaker 3: of disgust.

534
00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:37,080
Speaker 2: They're known as the only three.

535
00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:40,719
Speaker 3: There's a couple others, but yeah, kind of. But they

536
00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:43,920
Speaker 3: in this paper they basically say, okay, so you get

537
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:48,560
Speaker 3: the Wonder machine evidence suggesting that our actual brain, the

538
00:29:48,680 --> 00:29:51,680
Speaker 3: part of our brain responsible for experiencing disgust, is lighting

539
00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:54,320
Speaker 3: up when somebody gives us an unfair offer of money.

540
00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:57,400
Speaker 3: That's one thing. But also they go around the world

541
00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:01,480
Speaker 3: and say that in Japan, in in Spain and Portugal,

542
00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:06,800
Speaker 3: all over the world, whatever that society or language is,

543
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:11,320
Speaker 3: culture's word is for disgust. They routinely use it to

544
00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:15,560
Speaker 3: describe things like the experience of seeing somebody hold poop

545
00:30:15,680 --> 00:30:19,800
Speaker 3: up to their mouth and the experience of being treated

546
00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:22,920
Speaker 3: unfairly or seeing somebody racist. So it's not just people

547
00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:26,720
Speaker 3: in English misusing an English word discuss, which means actually

548
00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:30,360
Speaker 3: bad taste in Old or Middle English. It's it is

549
00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:33,600
Speaker 3: there is some sort of moral component to disgust. It

550
00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:34,160
Speaker 3: seems like.

551
00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:37,040
Speaker 1: Well, even the word distasteful like is rooted in the

552
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:39,560
Speaker 1: word taste, right, and that's just a similar thing too.

553
00:30:39,720 --> 00:30:44,360
Speaker 1: Like behavior can be distasteful and rotten. Analope can be

554
00:30:44,480 --> 00:30:46,640
Speaker 1: distasteful exactly.

555
00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:48,480
Speaker 2: Especially if he's a real jerk.

556
00:30:49,640 --> 00:30:49,800
Speaker 3: Right.

557
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:54,040
Speaker 1: The other interesting thing about the work that Jonathan Hate

558
00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:58,520
Speaker 1: did was this tying it to political ideological ideal ideology.

559
00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:00,840
Speaker 2: Geez, what is wrong with me today?

560
00:31:01,920 --> 00:31:05,280
Speaker 1: I thought that was super interesting because they did research

561
00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:08,040
Speaker 1: and they found that people who are more sensitive to

562
00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:13,480
Speaker 1: disgust and tend to be more socially conservative, and that

563
00:31:13,600 --> 00:31:17,880
Speaker 1: can be exploited. So when you go to a major

564
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:21,720
Speaker 1: news outlet that may be conservative, that is why you

565
00:31:21,800 --> 00:31:27,680
Speaker 1: are more likely to see photos of unwashed or sick

566
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:32,840
Speaker 1: immigrants approaching the border, and not like pictures of like

567
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:37,320
Speaker 1: the handsomest, most fit immigrant approaching the border, because that will,

568
00:31:38,760 --> 00:31:42,080
Speaker 1: at least according to this study, they have a higher,

569
00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:45,440
Speaker 1: more powerful emotion of disgust.

570
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:51,920
Speaker 3: Right, it's hijacking your ability to experience moral disgust because

571
00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:54,840
Speaker 3: apparently it's really really easy to come up and poke

572
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:58,640
Speaker 3: to push a person's disgust buttons. And from what the

573
00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:01,400
Speaker 3: study says is that this happens a lot way more

574
00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:04,320
Speaker 3: than we're cognizant of and that if we can make

575
00:32:04,360 --> 00:32:07,280
Speaker 3: ourselves cognizant of it, we could actually defend against it

576
00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:07,880
Speaker 3: a little more.

577
00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:10,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean, they're not going to Fox News isn't

578
00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:12,760
Speaker 1: going to put the guy that you said it, you

579
00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:15,240
Speaker 1: said it. They're not going to put the guy that

580
00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 1: looks like Antonio Banderas in the immigrant caravan Hello as

581
00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:24,520
Speaker 1: they're fron okay as their front page lead photo. You know,

582
00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:27,280
Speaker 1: it's going to be the person that's on the in

583
00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:31,920
Speaker 1: the on the stretcher that's sick and dying, and that's

584
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:33,960
Speaker 1: going to cause this reaction of disgust, like.

585
00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:38,520
Speaker 3: The gi they cgi flies like flying around the person.

586
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,080
Speaker 3: Can't you see Antonio Banderas walking up in the video

587
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:43,760
Speaker 3: and going this wall is too sexy.

588
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:50,920
Speaker 1: And then the other interesting thing about that that whole

589
00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:53,040
Speaker 1: study that he was doing, the hate was doing was

590
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:56,920
Speaker 1: they also found that people make harsher judgments when they're

591
00:32:56,960 --> 00:33:01,560
Speaker 1: exposed to a disgusting stimulus sou and it usually was

592
00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:02,840
Speaker 1: a smell like the smell of.

593
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:06,320
Speaker 2: A of a two dy booty, a shot duck.

594
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:12,920
Speaker 1: And if you smell this flatulence, you would react more

595
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:15,959
Speaker 1: harshly toward like a photo of something.

596
00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:18,520
Speaker 2: Right now that I might discuss you just a little bit.

597
00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:22,719
Speaker 3: I want to know the methodology of this study pretty badly,

598
00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:24,960
Speaker 3: Like did they Was it just one of those things

599
00:33:24,960 --> 00:33:27,800
Speaker 3: where they just kind of suddenly the area between you

600
00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:29,960
Speaker 3: and the researcher filled with the fart smell?

601
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:31,680
Speaker 1: Well, where do you get the fart smell? Is there

602
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:33,560
Speaker 1: a synthetic or I think there is?

603
00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:36,600
Speaker 3: You probably like a't some novelly joke shop they picked

604
00:33:36,640 --> 00:33:38,560
Speaker 3: up like a spinning bow tie while they got the

605
00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:39,840
Speaker 3: caned fart too.

606
00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:42,800
Speaker 1: Right, They're like, thank you, here's for ten dollars and

607
00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:44,320
Speaker 1: have a good day, and they shake their hand.

608
00:33:44,360 --> 00:33:45,920
Speaker 2: There's a buzzer, right exactly.

609
00:33:46,240 --> 00:33:48,640
Speaker 3: So, But I mean, like, is this so where they

610
00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:51,000
Speaker 3: they were talking about something like you know how what

611
00:33:51,160 --> 00:33:53,240
Speaker 3: kind of a prison sentence would you, Oh excuse me,

612
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:55,920
Speaker 3: what kind of a prison sentence would you give to somebody?

613
00:33:55,960 --> 00:33:58,719
Speaker 3: And like this, this fart smell, this kind of comes up,

614
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:01,480
Speaker 3: but like they're just not talking about it. I would

615
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,520
Speaker 3: guess as how, you would have to do it right, dude.

616
00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:06,560
Speaker 1: I had a stranger asked me the other night if

617
00:34:06,600 --> 00:34:07,080
Speaker 1: I farted?

618
00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:10,279
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, had you know?

619
00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:12,400
Speaker 1: I was at the Fleetwood Mac concert standing in the

620
00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:14,200
Speaker 1: beer line, and this guy in front of me turned

621
00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:17,120
Speaker 1: around with his wife and fully just said did you fart?

622
00:34:17,840 --> 00:34:20,160
Speaker 2: And I went nope, And I was like, I would

623
00:34:20,360 --> 00:34:21,120
Speaker 2: tell you if I did.

624
00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:23,640
Speaker 3: Did. He look to his wife and go, did you fart? No?

625
00:34:23,880 --> 00:34:25,520
Speaker 1: But then we got to talking and I was like, guys,

626
00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:26,839
Speaker 1: I hate to tell you. I said, I don't even

627
00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:29,840
Speaker 1: smell anything, so I think you're looking in the wrong direction.

628
00:34:30,239 --> 00:34:32,399
Speaker 1: And then he felt like I was a little drunk,

629
00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:34,040
Speaker 1: so I didn't care. I was playing along. But then

630
00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:36,800
Speaker 1: he felt like really bad and was over apologetic. I

631
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:38,640
Speaker 1: was like, dude, if you're going to ask someone if

632
00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:42,120
Speaker 1: they farted, don't then turn around and be weirdly ashamed

633
00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:42,320
Speaker 1: of that.

634
00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:45,879
Speaker 3: All right, get all weepy, just own it. So Yeah,

635
00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:48,560
Speaker 3: does the guy not know the whole he who smelt

636
00:34:48,600 --> 00:34:49,480
Speaker 3: it delted.

637
00:34:49,520 --> 00:34:53,000
Speaker 1: Idiom nor it was the first date and that was

638
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:53,439
Speaker 1: the deal.

639
00:34:54,239 --> 00:34:54,839
Speaker 2: Maybe he did.

640
00:34:55,320 --> 00:35:00,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, he really played it off well at sound we

641
00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:02,200
Speaker 3: take a break, I think we should. All right, I'm

642
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:04,279
Speaker 3: gonna go fart in the whole way. We'll be right back.

643
00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:18,000
Speaker 3: Thank you for that, Chuck, We'll be right back. All right,

644
00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:21,120
Speaker 3: it's back. Chuck is back. Now, everything's fine in here,

645
00:35:21,800 --> 00:35:26,160
Speaker 3: and we are still talking about disgust. Let me, let's

646
00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:29,239
Speaker 3: let's let's just kind of go over this real quick

647
00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:33,360
Speaker 3: one more time. Okay. So we started out with this

648
00:35:33,640 --> 00:35:40,919
Speaker 3: this mechanisms of distaste where we like, involuntarily spit something

649
00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:44,440
Speaker 3: out that's gross that occurs elsewhere in the animal kingdom.

650
00:35:44,640 --> 00:35:47,400
Speaker 3: And then over time we figured out how to create

651
00:35:47,440 --> 00:35:52,279
Speaker 3: a new adaptation, a new behavior that is overlaid over

652
00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:56,120
Speaker 3: that same brain circuitry where we spit something out and

653
00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:59,760
Speaker 3: we call that disgust. And it was it originally started

654
00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,040
Speaker 3: out as an aversion to things like poop and vomit

655
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:07,600
Speaker 3: and that kind of stuff, and then that evolved even

656
00:36:07,719 --> 00:36:11,160
Speaker 3: further because at some point we said we're better than animals,

657
00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:13,040
Speaker 3: and I don't like to be reminded of an animal,

658
00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:15,840
Speaker 3: and I guess that desire to not be reminded of

659
00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:19,319
Speaker 3: an animal developed so much that it became overlaid over

660
00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:22,800
Speaker 3: that disgusted emotion that had been that had hijacked the

661
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:27,160
Speaker 3: distaste emotion, and then at some point finally it reached

662
00:36:28,640 --> 00:36:33,320
Speaker 3: the moral structure, and that hijacked the animal and the

663
00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,960
Speaker 3: core and the distaste to where now just the idea

664
00:36:38,080 --> 00:36:41,640
Speaker 3: of somebody behaving in a certain way can disgust us.

665
00:36:42,040 --> 00:36:44,320
Speaker 3: And the whole thing that really kind of changed and

666
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:51,319
Speaker 3: made it human was the addition of imagination and symbolism

667
00:36:51,719 --> 00:36:53,719
Speaker 3: to these ideas, so that we didn't even have to

668
00:36:53,840 --> 00:36:57,000
Speaker 3: taste or smell or see anything anymore. Just thinking about

669
00:36:57,040 --> 00:36:59,399
Speaker 3: this kind of stuff could disgust us. And that's where

670
00:36:59,480 --> 00:37:02,080
Speaker 3: we're at discussed research, and that's where we're at in

671
00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:02,920
Speaker 3: the podcast too.

672
00:37:03,040 --> 00:37:09,040
Speaker 2: Frankly, Wow, that's a nice recap, Thank you, all right.

673
00:37:09,160 --> 00:37:12,279
Speaker 1: So, culturally, you know, it depends on where you are

674
00:37:12,320 --> 00:37:14,759
Speaker 1: in the world and what you might be disgusted by.

675
00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:17,719
Speaker 1: So while while it is universal, it's not like every

676
00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:22,520
Speaker 1: single thing is universal. People eat things in some parts

677
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:24,200
Speaker 1: of the world that other parts of the world might

678
00:37:24,239 --> 00:37:27,640
Speaker 1: think are disgusting, and that again is a thing that

679
00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:31,800
Speaker 1: basically says, I'm a part of this family, I'm a

680
00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:32,520
Speaker 1: part of this culture.

681
00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:33,479
Speaker 2: I'm a part of this group.

682
00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:38,759
Speaker 1: The fact that like Elie eyeballs right out of a fish,

683
00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:41,239
Speaker 1: right out of a fish, said, just scoop it out

684
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:45,520
Speaker 1: and eat it, right, I might think that's disgusting, but

685
00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:49,759
Speaker 1: that's not like necessarily like taboos are not the same,

686
00:37:50,719 --> 00:37:52,200
Speaker 1: and cultures all over the world.

687
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:57,440
Speaker 3: Yeah, whether it's food, apparently they think maybe even you know, well, cannibalism. Obviously,

688
00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:03,080
Speaker 3: some cultures don't view incest as taboo as other cultures do.

689
00:38:03,239 --> 00:38:05,080
Speaker 3: So some of the things that we would think would

690
00:38:05,080 --> 00:38:09,480
Speaker 3: be universally disgusting aren't universally disgusting. And the whole idea

691
00:38:09,480 --> 00:38:13,560
Speaker 3: of food too, shows that you can learn to not

692
00:38:13,760 --> 00:38:16,640
Speaker 3: find something disgusting or never find it disgusting at all

693
00:38:16,719 --> 00:38:18,799
Speaker 3: because you were just raised in a culture that eats

694
00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:21,520
Speaker 3: this food and values it. But to somebody else from

695
00:38:21,560 --> 00:38:23,520
Speaker 3: outside of the culture, when they see that food, they

696
00:38:23,560 --> 00:38:25,239
Speaker 3: are disgusted by it. So, yeah, there's a lot of

697
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:29,640
Speaker 3: lack of universality in disgust that we might assume would

698
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:31,040
Speaker 3: be there that actually isn't.

699
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:34,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean vegetarianism and veganism is a perfect example.

700
00:38:35,040 --> 00:38:39,120
Speaker 1: Someone can eat meat until they're in their mid twenties

701
00:38:39,239 --> 00:38:43,279
Speaker 1: and then all of a sudden switch to veganism, and

702
00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:46,400
Speaker 1: a year later, the mere sight of meat might discuss them,

703
00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:49,160
Speaker 1: whereas the year before they were challenged down on it.

704
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:52,080
Speaker 3: Which I would guess that's just like you were structuring

705
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:54,279
Speaker 3: your brain circuitry basically, right.

706
00:38:54,360 --> 00:38:56,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, I think so probably, I mean that would make sense.

707
00:38:56,760 --> 00:38:59,520
Speaker 3: But so something that never disgusted you before can become

708
00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:01,440
Speaker 3: guinely disgusted.

709
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:03,600
Speaker 2: Or the other way around, U I imagine.

710
00:39:04,040 --> 00:39:05,839
Speaker 3: Well, yeah, I mean you can learn to eat other

711
00:39:05,920 --> 00:39:09,080
Speaker 3: cultures foods that you were disgusted by previously. And I

712
00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:11,080
Speaker 3: know you can learn to eat and eat meat now

713
00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:14,520
Speaker 3: right right, Yeah, yeah, you can also learn to eat

714
00:39:14,560 --> 00:39:15,520
Speaker 3: broccoli over time.

715
00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:21,720
Speaker 1: BROCCOLI's good, it's it's not though it really is roasted

716
00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:23,000
Speaker 1: in the oven the lish.

717
00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:25,640
Speaker 3: Okay, I will give you that. Roasted broccoli is okay.

718
00:39:25,719 --> 00:39:28,799
Speaker 3: But if it's steamed or just like floppy in any way,

719
00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:31,399
Speaker 3: shape or form, I've had bad experiences with it over

720
00:39:31,680 --> 00:39:32,640
Speaker 3: over the years.

721
00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:35,000
Speaker 1: It sounds like someone's overcooking your broccoli.

722
00:39:35,560 --> 00:39:38,680
Speaker 3: Not anymore. But yes, I think should Dad used to

723
00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:40,400
Speaker 3: used to overcook it quite a bit.

724
00:39:40,600 --> 00:39:42,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, I go for al dente when it comes to

725
00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:43,440
Speaker 2: most of the vegetables.

726
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:45,560
Speaker 3: Yeah, but roast roasted is good.

727
00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:49,239
Speaker 1: Mushy is is a food quality that kind of disgusts me.

728
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:54,600
Speaker 1: So food preparation is important. Like I know, we're just

729
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,439
Speaker 1: kind of kidding about the broccoli, but like, let's say

730
00:39:59,320 --> 00:40:02,279
Speaker 1: an egg plant or a squash, If you cook that

731
00:40:02,360 --> 00:40:05,480
Speaker 1: thing till it's really mushy, it's it's really gross to me.

732
00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:08,719
Speaker 1: But I will totally eat an eggplant if it's nice

733
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:09,120
Speaker 1: and firm.

734
00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:13,719
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, I mean yeah, texture is enormous with it.

735
00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,359
Speaker 3: It also affects taste too, which doesn't make any sense

736
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:20,000
Speaker 3: except for like it's part of the experience of it, right.

737
00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:21,920
Speaker 2: Yeah, but true disgust happens for me.

738
00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:24,480
Speaker 1: I think it's not just like I don't I don't

739
00:40:24,480 --> 00:40:28,000
Speaker 1: prefer that, like mushy food really really grosses me out.

740
00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:31,719
Speaker 3: Well, there's something that that that Ed actually hit upon

741
00:40:31,880 --> 00:40:35,160
Speaker 3: early on in this is that like disgust is it

742
00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:39,560
Speaker 3: goes around our conscious thought, right, Yeah, like you're not like, hmm,

743
00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:43,080
Speaker 3: this this broccoli is not to my preference. It is

744
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:46,040
Speaker 3: way too floppy and mushy, and i'd be I prefer

745
00:40:46,160 --> 00:40:48,680
Speaker 3: to not have it in my mouth anymore so, and

746
00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:50,480
Speaker 3: you spit it out and it just falls back onto

747
00:40:50,520 --> 00:40:53,760
Speaker 3: your plate instead you put it in your mouth, especially

748
00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,560
Speaker 3: if you're not expecting it to be mushy and you

749
00:40:56,680 --> 00:40:59,000
Speaker 3: start chewing it like you expect it to be good.

750
00:40:59,680 --> 00:41:02,520
Speaker 3: You're reaction without even thinking it's going to be spit

751
00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:05,200
Speaker 3: it out probably, and you might you might not actually

752
00:41:05,239 --> 00:41:07,120
Speaker 3: spit it out, but that will be your first reaction,

753
00:41:07,239 --> 00:41:09,560
Speaker 3: and you might have to stop yourself, like bring your

754
00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:11,799
Speaker 3: napkin up to your mouth or whatever. And that's one

755
00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:14,239
Speaker 3: of the things that like really kind of is a

756
00:41:14,360 --> 00:41:18,399
Speaker 3: hallmark characteristic of disgust. When it is experienced, it goes

757
00:41:18,480 --> 00:41:24,040
Speaker 3: around our intellect and our conscious thought. It's a basic reaction.

758
00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:26,520
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it can also get out of hand as

759
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:30,080
Speaker 1: far as the if the idea is that at its root,

760
00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:34,439
Speaker 1: we're trying to avoid disease and dying. We've all heard

761
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:38,919
Speaker 1: of cases phobia is really that developed and pathologies out

762
00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:44,759
Speaker 1: of fear of germs or dirt or cleanliness. Anyone who's

763
00:41:44,760 --> 00:41:49,120
Speaker 1: ever seen the great movie Safe by Todd Haynes. That

764
00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:51,880
Speaker 1: was a movie about that where this woman sort of

765
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,759
Speaker 1: slowly unwinds and eventually ends up in a in a

766
00:41:55,960 --> 00:42:00,200
Speaker 1: like a community where everyone is obsessed with this kind

767
00:42:00,239 --> 00:42:01,640
Speaker 1: of compulsive cleanliness.

768
00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:02,600
Speaker 3: Who's the woman.

769
00:42:03,040 --> 00:42:04,239
Speaker 2: It's Julian Moore.

770
00:42:05,120 --> 00:42:07,200
Speaker 3: I haven't seen that yet. Is it pretty good? It was?

771
00:42:07,360 --> 00:42:08,200
Speaker 2: It was great. I mean it was.

772
00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:09,680
Speaker 1: It's a long time ago. So it's like in the

773
00:42:10,239 --> 00:42:13,040
Speaker 1: early nineties, I think. Okay, like some of her earlier work.

774
00:42:13,560 --> 00:42:17,640
Speaker 1: But that's just an example of how how that can

775
00:42:17,719 --> 00:42:19,840
Speaker 1: happen and how it can get out of hand until

776
00:42:20,239 --> 00:42:24,160
Speaker 1: basically you have a compulsive disorder that may have started

777
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:28,600
Speaker 1: out of a legit environmental like disgust reaction to disease.

778
00:42:30,200 --> 00:42:32,560
Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, well that's what they think is the basis

779
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:35,640
Speaker 3: of possibly all of it that has to do with disgust,

780
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:39,759
Speaker 3: a like a drive to to feel clean or to

781
00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:42,520
Speaker 3: get rid of germs or to be afraid of germs,

782
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:45,680
Speaker 3: that kind of thing. That it's it's your your the

783
00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:49,719
Speaker 3: being indoctrinated into disgust went a little too far and

784
00:42:49,840 --> 00:42:53,600
Speaker 3: your brain, your brain's disgust reaction just became too powerful,

785
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:55,759
Speaker 3: and now it has this kind of crippling effect on

786
00:42:55,840 --> 00:42:56,279
Speaker 3: your life.

787
00:42:56,600 --> 00:42:59,360
Speaker 1: Yeah, but it can also like it's oddly there are

788
00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:01,839
Speaker 1: things that have nothing to do with disease and dying

789
00:43:02,560 --> 00:43:06,080
Speaker 1: that have been kind of labeled as disgusting and Ed

790
00:43:06,120 --> 00:43:08,240
Speaker 1: points out. Acne is one of them that might trigger

791
00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:12,880
Speaker 1: a disgusted reaction in some people. And it's really completely harmless.

792
00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:17,200
Speaker 3: It is, but it's playing upon in an inadvertent way,

793
00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:22,359
Speaker 3: our predisposition to be grossed out by things like as yeah,

794
00:43:22,360 --> 00:43:25,880
Speaker 3: a sore, a pox, a pustul It has nothing to

795
00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:28,200
Speaker 3: do with that. It just kind of resembles it in

796
00:43:28,280 --> 00:43:31,600
Speaker 3: the exact same way. People find slugs and snails disgusting,

797
00:43:32,239 --> 00:43:34,839
Speaker 3: and they suggest that it's because they look like they're

798
00:43:34,880 --> 00:43:37,680
Speaker 3: covered in mucus. Even though it's not actually mucus, it

799
00:43:37,760 --> 00:43:40,160
Speaker 3: reminds us of mucus. So we're disgusted at the thought

800
00:43:40,200 --> 00:43:42,640
Speaker 3: of touching one of those things. Same thing. They're not

801
00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:46,080
Speaker 3: disease carriers, but they remind us of it. That's the key,

802
00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:50,160
Speaker 3: because disgust works hand in hand with human imagination.

803
00:43:50,600 --> 00:43:52,400
Speaker 1: I got Emily one of those poppet pals. Have you

804
00:43:52,480 --> 00:43:52,839
Speaker 1: seen those?

805
00:43:53,360 --> 00:43:53,960
Speaker 3: No? What is it?

806
00:43:54,160 --> 00:43:56,680
Speaker 1: You know how she's pretty obsessed with with zip popping

807
00:43:57,280 --> 00:43:59,080
Speaker 1: and she doesn't watch She's not one of those people

808
00:43:59,080 --> 00:44:01,800
Speaker 1: who watches the stuff on YouTube, but it's just like

809
00:44:01,880 --> 00:44:03,919
Speaker 1: a personal thing. But they I saw it on Shark Tank.

810
00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:06,360
Speaker 1: There's this thing now looks it's about the size of

811
00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:08,480
Speaker 1: a bar of soap okay, but it's made out of

812
00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:13,360
Speaker 1: siliconus kind OF's this squishy rubber rectangular bar and you

813
00:44:13,520 --> 00:44:16,440
Speaker 1: squirt this like I don't know what it's made of.

814
00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:18,200
Speaker 2: It's it's almost like crisco or something.

815
00:44:19,160 --> 00:44:21,160
Speaker 1: I think it's plant based, and you fill it up

816
00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:22,880
Speaker 1: with that and the top of it is covered with

817
00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:27,160
Speaker 1: all these little dimple holes and you pop them and

818
00:44:27,239 --> 00:44:31,320
Speaker 1: it comes snaking out just like like the best pimple

819
00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:32,000
Speaker 1: you've ever seen.

820
00:44:32,239 --> 00:44:34,440
Speaker 3: That's amazing. So I kept like trying to imagine that,

821
00:44:34,600 --> 00:44:37,719
Speaker 3: like this was going on the person's face. It's like

822
00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:39,759
Speaker 3: just to basically like, here, keep busy with this and

823
00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:40,720
Speaker 3: leave my face alone.

824
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:43,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, you just like whatever, you set it in your

825
00:44:43,200 --> 00:44:44,200
Speaker 2: lap and just pop away.

826
00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:45,640
Speaker 3: That's really awesome.

827
00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:47,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's It was.

828
00:44:47,120 --> 00:44:49,440
Speaker 1: Really satisfying for it too. I thought she might be like, nah,

829
00:44:49,520 --> 00:44:51,560
Speaker 1: this is not the same, but she was obsessed with

830
00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:51,960
Speaker 1: it first.

831
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:54,600
Speaker 3: That's awesome. A couple of days that's is there any

832
00:44:54,920 --> 00:44:58,480
Speaker 3: great human thing that shark tank hasn't give given us.

833
00:44:58,760 --> 00:44:59,160
Speaker 2: I don't know.

834
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:02,680
Speaker 3: I can't. I can't think of one you meet has

835
00:45:02,719 --> 00:45:05,880
Speaker 3: a thing for cauliflower ear, and she'll sometimes watch videos

836
00:45:05,880 --> 00:45:08,840
Speaker 3: of cauliflower ear being drained, and it's like, I can't,

837
00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:09,560
Speaker 3: hang man.

838
00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:10,760
Speaker 2: You ever date a wrestler?

839
00:45:11,280 --> 00:45:13,000
Speaker 3: No, not that I know of.

840
00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:15,799
Speaker 2: But she missed your chance. I guess right, she better

841
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:16,680
Speaker 2: have mister chance.

842
00:45:16,719 --> 00:45:19,120
Speaker 1: By she comes in and she finds you like on

843
00:45:19,239 --> 00:45:23,080
Speaker 1: the carpet, rolling your ear on the floor. Isn't that

844
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:23,920
Speaker 1: how wrestlers get it?

845
00:45:24,200 --> 00:45:26,200
Speaker 3: I think they get it from like a trauma to

846
00:45:26,239 --> 00:45:28,560
Speaker 3: the ear, like a punch of the ear, like an

847
00:45:28,719 --> 00:45:31,840
Speaker 3: impact of the ear, and then like it swells up

848
00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:34,400
Speaker 3: and then it turns into like scar tissue or like

849
00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:36,240
Speaker 3: just pussy infected edema.

850
00:45:36,520 --> 00:45:38,240
Speaker 2: Well, which is why they wear the ear covers.

851
00:45:38,680 --> 00:45:40,520
Speaker 3: Yes, well that and to look cool.

852
00:45:41,440 --> 00:45:45,360
Speaker 1: This do look kind of cool somehow, so it offsets

853
00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:49,200
Speaker 1: the singlet, which is the least cool thing you can wear.

854
00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:52,080
Speaker 3: It's pretty uncool. I have to say, sorry wrestlers, but

855
00:45:52,560 --> 00:45:54,920
Speaker 3: the entire rest of the world thinks that the singlets

856
00:45:54,960 --> 00:45:59,319
Speaker 3: look uncool. It's not just us. Oh boy, So let's

857
00:45:59,360 --> 00:46:02,320
Speaker 3: talk about the discuss scale real quick, you have that?

858
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:04,200
Speaker 1: Yeah, you know, I didn't even look at this because

859
00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:05,640
Speaker 1: I thought it might be fun if you just went

860
00:46:05,719 --> 00:46:06,640
Speaker 1: through a few of those with me.

861
00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:09,279
Speaker 3: Oh okay, well this is a great idea, Chuck. Take

862
00:46:09,360 --> 00:46:12,359
Speaker 3: it into a game still innovating after eleven years. I'm

863
00:46:12,400 --> 00:46:16,520
Speaker 3: so proud of us. So Paul Rosen and John Height

864
00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:19,320
Speaker 3: and a couple of other people came up with the

865
00:46:19,600 --> 00:46:22,359
Speaker 3: sorry Clark McCauley and Clark McCauley. I'm just gonna say

866
00:46:22,360 --> 00:46:27,919
Speaker 3: the third person. They came up with a discuss scale. Okay, yes, so, Chuck,

867
00:46:28,960 --> 00:46:33,560
Speaker 3: between zero and four, zero being strongly disagree and four

868
00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:38,080
Speaker 3: being strongly agree, meaning it's very untrue or very true

869
00:46:38,160 --> 00:46:41,480
Speaker 3: about you. Please indicate how much you agree with each

870
00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:43,319
Speaker 3: of the following statements, or how true it is.

871
00:46:43,280 --> 00:46:45,600
Speaker 2: About between zero and what three? Four okay?

872
00:46:45,640 --> 00:46:48,839
Speaker 3: Four zero strongly disagreed, it's very untrue about you. Four

873
00:46:48,960 --> 00:46:52,920
Speaker 3: is strongly agree very true about you. You might be willing, sorry,

874
00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:56,640
Speaker 3: I might be willing to try eating monkey meat under

875
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:57,720
Speaker 3: some circumstances.

876
00:46:58,080 --> 00:47:02,320
Speaker 2: Strongly disagree. Four. That's a zero okay, zero okay.

877
00:47:03,360 --> 00:47:05,560
Speaker 3: It would bother me to be in a science class

878
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:08,120
Speaker 3: and to see a human hand preserved in a jar.

879
00:47:09,239 --> 00:47:11,680
Speaker 1: Obviously, that would not bother me, because when I saw

880
00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:17,359
Speaker 1: the human head in a bucket, very famously, my reaction was, huh,

881
00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:20,840
Speaker 1: there's a human head. Where's the person with me? Was

882
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:22,680
Speaker 1: really disgusted, right, yeah.

883
00:47:22,560 --> 00:47:27,879
Speaker 3: And I think understandably, so I love that story. Okay,

884
00:47:27,920 --> 00:47:30,440
Speaker 3: here's another one. I never let any part of my

885
00:47:30,560 --> 00:47:35,280
Speaker 3: body touch the toilet seat in public restrooms. Agree or disagree,

886
00:47:35,520 --> 00:47:36,319
Speaker 3: untrue or true.

887
00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:39,160
Speaker 1: I'm just going to ditch the numbers because it's confusing me.

888
00:47:40,360 --> 00:47:41,960
Speaker 1: That doesn't really bother me that much. I know that

889
00:47:42,080 --> 00:47:43,400
Speaker 1: probably really discussed you.

890
00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:47,320
Speaker 3: Well, yeah, I just have to go to another place.

891
00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:50,359
Speaker 1: Oh see when I do that, I don't mind. Man,

892
00:47:50,680 --> 00:47:52,680
Speaker 1: I know that's gross probably, but whatever.

893
00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:55,799
Speaker 3: Okay, here's one more from this one. Then we're going

894
00:47:55,840 --> 00:47:59,799
Speaker 3: to do another set. You're ready, Okay, I would rather

895
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,360
Speaker 3: eat a piece of fruit then a piece of paper.

896
00:48:03,880 --> 00:48:05,680
Speaker 2: Well, yeah, I'd rather eat a piece of fruit.

897
00:48:06,080 --> 00:48:08,920
Speaker 3: Okay, Okay, I think that's just like a baseline one

898
00:48:08,960 --> 00:48:12,040
Speaker 3: that they use. Okay, so then between zero and four

899
00:48:12,160 --> 00:48:15,239
Speaker 3: rate these not disgusting? It all are extremely disgusting. Just

900
00:48:15,280 --> 00:48:18,000
Speaker 3: say one of those two. Okay, you see maggots on

901
00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:23,160
Speaker 3: a piece of meat in an outdoor garbage pail. Very disgusting, you,

902
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:26,520
Speaker 3: I agree, your friend's pet cat dies and you have

903
00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:28,840
Speaker 3: to pick up the dead body with your bare hands.

904
00:48:30,239 --> 00:48:33,279
Speaker 1: Not disgusted, just sad. Okay, I mean I've done that

905
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:35,239
Speaker 1: with all of my animals that have passed. I took

906
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:36,440
Speaker 1: care of the bodies, right.

907
00:48:36,600 --> 00:48:38,400
Speaker 3: I think this leaves out that it was hit by

908
00:48:38,440 --> 00:48:40,239
Speaker 3: a car and is now part of the road.

909
00:48:40,360 --> 00:48:44,120
Speaker 1: Basically, Uh, yeah, that's a medium disgusting and sad.

910
00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:47,359
Speaker 3: Okay, yeah, well, yeah, it's sad. You're about to drink

911
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:49,640
Speaker 3: a glass of milk when you smell it is spoiled,

912
00:48:49,680 --> 00:48:52,440
Speaker 3: and then in parentheses, weirdly enough, it says because Emily

913
00:48:52,680 --> 00:48:54,840
Speaker 3: just changed it under your nose and said, smell this.

914
00:48:55,239 --> 00:48:55,719
Speaker 2: That's weird.

915
00:48:56,560 --> 00:49:01,120
Speaker 1: M Yeah, the smell of turned food, ude, it grosses

916
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:01,799
Speaker 1: me out a lot.

917
00:49:02,239 --> 00:49:06,040
Speaker 3: Okay, while you're walking through a tunnel under a railroad track,

918
00:49:06,120 --> 00:49:06,960
Speaker 3: you smell urine.

919
00:49:08,520 --> 00:49:10,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, I've been to New York enough times. It's not

920
00:49:10,160 --> 00:49:10,759
Speaker 1: that big of a deal.

921
00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:13,880
Speaker 3: It still gets me. Man, I think smelling urine is

922
00:49:13,920 --> 00:49:17,080
Speaker 3: worse than smelling poop for some reason. Oh really, yeah?

923
00:49:17,480 --> 00:49:17,880
Speaker 2: Interesting?

924
00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:20,799
Speaker 3: Okay, two more, you see a man with his intestines

925
00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:22,480
Speaker 3: exposed after an accident.

926
00:49:23,600 --> 00:49:25,239
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's pretty high up there.

927
00:49:25,560 --> 00:49:28,560
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, I think so too. And then last chuck,

928
00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:31,520
Speaker 3: you see someone put ketchup on vanilla ice cream and

929
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:31,920
Speaker 3: eat it.

930
00:49:34,120 --> 00:49:34,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's gross.

931
00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:39,440
Speaker 1: Okay, although it's interesting though, when I thought about the

932
00:49:39,880 --> 00:49:43,600
Speaker 1: body's entrails, like, I don't love it, but I can

933
00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:47,480
Speaker 1: watch like a surgery. It's not my favorite thing, but

934
00:49:47,520 --> 00:49:50,560
Speaker 1: I'm not like fully disgusted. But if it's an accident,

935
00:49:50,800 --> 00:49:53,480
Speaker 1: I think that so it might be a contextual thing

936
00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:53,839
Speaker 1: as well.

937
00:49:54,440 --> 00:49:56,840
Speaker 3: So one of the things that I experience when I

938
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:59,960
Speaker 3: see like something in surgery, and I think, yeah, contact

939
00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:01,279
Speaker 3: definitely has a lot to do with it in that

940
00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:03,840
Speaker 3: case too. But if I see like a surgery, like

941
00:50:03,920 --> 00:50:05,840
Speaker 3: remember there used to be that TV network that was

942
00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:09,360
Speaker 3: nothing but surgery. You remember, remember it was in like

943
00:50:09,440 --> 00:50:13,440
Speaker 3: the late eighties, early nineties, I think, but to see that,

944
00:50:13,719 --> 00:50:17,600
Speaker 3: I'll get like faint, right, And it's not necessarily the

945
00:50:17,680 --> 00:50:19,960
Speaker 3: sight of blood, it's like the sight of viscera. I

946
00:50:20,080 --> 00:50:21,880
Speaker 3: get a little faint, and it never made sense to me.

947
00:50:23,600 --> 00:50:25,680
Speaker 3: I think definitely is part of it too. But I

948
00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:29,480
Speaker 3: think also part of the disgust reaction is that your

949
00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:32,440
Speaker 3: heart rate and blood pressure lower would explain why you

950
00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:34,920
Speaker 3: start to feel faint, like I don't feel queasy or

951
00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:37,200
Speaker 3: nauseated or like I'm gonna writch. I feel like I

952
00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:40,080
Speaker 3: need to sit down for a second, which is, I

953
00:50:40,160 --> 00:50:42,759
Speaker 3: guess is still part of the disgust reaction. It just

954
00:50:43,080 --> 00:50:47,000
Speaker 3: isn't the the the nausea version of it. But it's

955
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:49,400
Speaker 3: still revulsion, but a weird, fainty version.

956
00:50:49,680 --> 00:50:51,680
Speaker 1: So in the med school sitcom that we star in,

957
00:50:52,280 --> 00:50:55,400
Speaker 1: when they pull the sheet back, you start saying I

958
00:50:55,440 --> 00:50:57,120
Speaker 1: don't feel too good, guys, and you're like, yeah, you're

959
00:50:57,160 --> 00:50:58,680
Speaker 1: so funny, and then all of a sudden you.

960
00:50:58,719 --> 00:50:59,160
Speaker 2: Hit the deck.

961
00:50:59,840 --> 00:51:01,680
Speaker 3: I think the way I would play it is even

962
00:51:01,760 --> 00:51:04,719
Speaker 3: more straightforward, where my eyes just go up in the

963
00:51:04,760 --> 00:51:08,280
Speaker 3: back of my head and I fall backward in response

964
00:51:08,360 --> 00:51:09,239
Speaker 3: to the sheep being pulled.

965
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:09,919
Speaker 2: It's a good move.

966
00:51:10,400 --> 00:51:12,560
Speaker 3: I can't wait for that movie to come out. Yeah,

967
00:51:13,560 --> 00:51:14,359
Speaker 3: you got anything else?

968
00:51:14,960 --> 00:51:15,719
Speaker 2: I don't think so.

969
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:18,200
Speaker 3: I'd be surprised if you did. We've gone on for

970
00:51:18,280 --> 00:51:20,279
Speaker 3: a good six to seven minutes beyond when we should

971
00:51:20,320 --> 00:51:20,720
Speaker 3: have stopped.

972
00:51:21,880 --> 00:51:24,160
Speaker 2: I think I like that game aspect of that one

973
00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:24,600
Speaker 2: that was fun.

974
00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,800
Speaker 3: Oh your score, by the way, indicates that you do

975
00:51:27,960 --> 00:51:29,719
Speaker 3: experience disgust from time to time.

976
00:51:33,280 --> 00:51:34,440
Speaker 2: I'm not a serial killer.

977
00:51:34,680 --> 00:51:38,200
Speaker 3: No no, And I don't know if you guys heard

978
00:51:38,200 --> 00:51:40,719
Speaker 3: her enough, but Jerry also gave her answers as well.

979
00:51:40,960 --> 00:51:41,319
Speaker 2: That's right.

980
00:51:42,080 --> 00:51:44,160
Speaker 3: If you want to know more about disgust, you can

981
00:51:44,440 --> 00:51:46,600
Speaker 3: just go look at some weird stuff on the internet.

982
00:51:46,680 --> 00:51:49,360
Speaker 3: It's out there for you. And since I said that

983
00:51:49,400 --> 00:51:53,360
Speaker 3: it's time for listener mail, I'm.

984
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:56,360
Speaker 1: Going to call this one of the many dyslexia emails

985
00:51:56,400 --> 00:52:01,160
Speaker 1: we got. Those are really rolling in people who have

986
00:52:01,280 --> 00:52:06,560
Speaker 1: overcome dyslexia and adults living with dyslexia. So this one

987
00:52:06,640 --> 00:52:11,360
Speaker 1: is from a fellow Atlanta I'm Audrey Short. She says this,

988
00:52:12,280 --> 00:52:14,279
Speaker 1: Hey guys, I have dyslexia, and I was so happy

989
00:52:14,280 --> 00:52:16,640
Speaker 1: to hear you talking about my learning disability.

990
00:52:16,480 --> 00:52:19,120
Speaker 2: To diagnosed when I was about ten and went to.

991
00:52:19,160 --> 00:52:23,480
Speaker 1: The Shank School in Atlanta, which is specifically four children

992
00:52:23,719 --> 00:52:24,440
Speaker 1: with dyslexia.

993
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:26,080
Speaker 2: In fact, she sent in a.

994
00:52:26,200 --> 00:52:30,719
Speaker 1: Following follow up email used to clarify that we learned

995
00:52:30,719 --> 00:52:33,760
Speaker 1: how to read and write using a technique called ortually gilling.

996
00:52:33,880 --> 00:52:36,400
Speaker 2: Now when I left after fourth grade, I could.

997
00:52:36,320 --> 00:52:39,920
Speaker 1: Actually read more importantly, I'd love to read and devoured

998
00:52:39,960 --> 00:52:42,239
Speaker 1: every book I could get my hands on. While I

999
00:52:42,280 --> 00:52:44,279
Speaker 1: graduated top of my class, I had to work twice

1000
00:52:44,280 --> 00:52:47,640
Speaker 1: as hard as my classmates to keep up with who

1001
00:52:47,840 --> 00:52:51,120
Speaker 1: requires readings and homework. My peers seem to think that

1002
00:52:51,239 --> 00:52:54,080
Speaker 1: my extra time I received for exams was the reason

1003
00:52:54,160 --> 00:52:57,200
Speaker 1: I did so well, of the countless hours and late nights.

1004
00:52:57,040 --> 00:52:57,640
Speaker 3: I spent.

1005
00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:01,960
Speaker 2: Learning material following This bullying did affect.

1006
00:53:01,760 --> 00:53:05,600
Speaker 1: Me, did not discourage me from pursuing my education of college.

1007
00:53:06,320 --> 00:53:10,120
Speaker 1: I attend to Miami University in Ohio, graduating this May

1008
00:53:10,239 --> 00:53:14,560
Speaker 1: with a two point nine to nine GPA Biochemistry and

1009
00:53:14,680 --> 00:53:18,360
Speaker 1: physics Wow. I plan to attend a PhD program at

1010
00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:21,279
Speaker 1: Harvard or U SEE Berkeley. I'm not saying this to brag,

1011
00:53:21,440 --> 00:53:24,680
Speaker 1: but to tell other children with dyslexia to keep trying.

1012
00:53:25,080 --> 00:53:26,680
Speaker 1: I know so many students are afraid to ask for

1013
00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:29,400
Speaker 1: extra time or accommodations because they don't want to be

1014
00:53:29,440 --> 00:53:33,000
Speaker 1: bullieders stand out. I'm proud of my dyslexia because it

1015
00:53:33,120 --> 00:53:34,719
Speaker 1: has forced me to learn how to stand up for

1016
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:36,960
Speaker 1: my student rights. I've made it to where I am

1017
00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:40,319
Speaker 1: today by utilizing the tools given to me, like extra time,

1018
00:53:40,760 --> 00:53:43,120
Speaker 1: and I want to encourage all people with learning disabilities

1019
00:53:43,480 --> 00:53:47,000
Speaker 1: to seek help because you are intelligent and your unique

1020
00:53:47,040 --> 00:53:49,480
Speaker 1: perspective just might change your field entirely.

1021
00:53:50,680 --> 00:53:54,920
Speaker 3: Nice Audrey, Audrey Short, great and Audrey that is great emails,

1022
00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:57,360
Speaker 3: so that kind of replaces that whole Look, look, this

1023
00:53:57,520 --> 00:54:00,799
Speaker 3: famous person made it. You can just tell people, let

1024
00:54:00,880 --> 00:54:02,000
Speaker 3: me tell you about Audrey Short.

1025
00:54:02,120 --> 00:54:03,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, agreed, Okay.

1026
00:54:03,760 --> 00:54:08,759
Speaker 3: Way to go, Audrey. That's fantastic. Congratulations early on graduating

1027
00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:11,240
Speaker 3: with a three point nine to nine. Man, that's impressive.

1028
00:54:11,760 --> 00:54:14,440
Speaker 3: And good luck in grad school too. If you want

1029
00:54:14,480 --> 00:54:16,000
Speaker 3: to get in touch with us, like Audrey did, you

1030
00:54:16,040 --> 00:54:18,200
Speaker 3: can go on to stuff youshould Know dot com and

1031
00:54:18,920 --> 00:54:21,560
Speaker 3: check out the social links there. You can also send

1032
00:54:21,640 --> 00:54:25,160
Speaker 3: us an email send it off to stuff podcast at

1033
00:54:25,200 --> 00:54:26,759
Speaker 3: HowStuffWorks dot com.

1034
00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:33,160
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

1035
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:37,400
Speaker 1: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

1036
00:54:37,560 --> 00:54:39,400
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows