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Speaker 1: Now here's a highlight from coast to coast am on iHeartRadio, Brooks.

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Speaker 2: Let's get back into what you think the hollow Earth

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Speaker 2: might look like.

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Speaker 3: Well, we were starting to get ahead of ourselves. I

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Speaker 3: wanted to talk a little bit more about the seismology.

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Speaker 3: The first seisma graph was actually put together in the

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Speaker 3: late nineteenth century, and as money became available, we built

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Speaker 3: more and more of them around the planet. So we

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Speaker 3: started collecting seisma graphs. These are kind of print outs

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Speaker 3: of the timing of these vibrations as they traveled through

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Speaker 3: the Earth. And we collected them for a long long time.

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Speaker 3: And in two thousand and six, doctor Y Sessions at

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Speaker 3: Washington University up in your neck of the woods, by

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Speaker 3: the way, put together a grant and I guess fed

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Speaker 3: his grad students warm pizza, and they went through six

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Speaker 3: hundred thousand of these seismograms and put them into a

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Speaker 3: program to try to create an image of what the

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Speaker 3: inside of the planet looks like. And what they discovered

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Speaker 3: was the damping waves of an ocean the size of

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Speaker 3: the Arctic Ocean underneath the crust of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Speaker 3: These are waves crashing on the shore inside the planet. Well,

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Speaker 3: that sent shock waves through everybody. Two thousand and six

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Speaker 3: was kind of the awakening of not only NASA looking

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Speaker 3: at the Earth, but other sciences and other scientific organizations

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Speaker 3: looking at the Earth, saying, what the heck's going on

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Speaker 3: beneath our feet. Of course, we don't have a way

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Speaker 3: to actually directly measure, so we have to remotely measure

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Speaker 3: what's going on inside the planet. And fortunately, around the

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Speaker 3: turn of the I guess the two thousands, we started

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Speaker 3: to develop what's called a fast X ray SPECTROSKIPY. Now

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Speaker 3: to make that kind of simple, it's just a way

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Speaker 3: of looking at signals that are put off from inside

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Speaker 3: the Earth at a distance. And one of the things

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Speaker 3: you realize about science, what fascinates me about science is

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Speaker 3: you want data, but you want it to be reliable

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Speaker 3: and repeatable, and you want to look at it from

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Speaker 3: different angles. And so what happened was they started to

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Speaker 3: get information about the core of the Earth, and it

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Speaker 3: really confused them at first, because we always thought the

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Speaker 3: Earth was a molten ball. You know that we float

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Speaker 3: through space on tectonic plates like cornflakes and a bowl

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Speaker 3: of milk. That was our understanding, So to think about

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Speaker 3: a solid core was really going back to the days

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Speaker 3: of you know, Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton, where they

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Speaker 3: were talking about a hollow earth and a solid core

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Speaker 3: and several layers of crusts, but there was no scientific

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Speaker 3: data to back it up, just theories or just hypotheses.

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Speaker 3: So we're beginning to collect information now and one of

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Speaker 3: the things that we discovered is that the core is

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Speaker 3: actually solid iron, but it's not like solid cold iron ball.

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Speaker 3: It's a crystal and it's at a temperature of around

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Speaker 3: six thousand degrees K, which is calvin Now. In order

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Speaker 3: for iron to exist at that temperature, it has to

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Speaker 3: be in crystalline form. So we're talking a huge iron

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Speaker 3: crystal in the Earth that's stable, and the only way

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Speaker 3: that can happen is if it's matrix with something else.

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Speaker 3: And the interesting thing was during the fast X ray

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Speaker 3: spectroscopy they were getting two peaks, not just one. If

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Speaker 3: it was just iron, we'd just see one. The second

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Speaker 3: one confused them. They didn't know what it was. So

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Speaker 3: Carnegie Science decided to, and this is good science, duplicate

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Speaker 3: the data in the lab, and so they created a

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Speaker 3: diamond anvil. It's a big industrial diamond. They split it

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Speaker 3: in two, put it between two hydraulic rams, and then

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Speaker 3: in between it they put a crucible and they started

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Speaker 3: to experiment with materials in the crucible. Of course, hydraulic

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Speaker 3: rams could duplicate the pressures that we expect to see

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Speaker 3: inside the planet, and the diamond allowed us to shoot

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Speaker 3: a laser threw the diamond into the crucible and heated

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Speaker 3: up to six two hundred degree calvin And when that happened,

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Speaker 3: we started to experiment with different matrices to get that

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Speaker 3: second peak, and they found it. It was xenon. The

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Speaker 3: noble gas is xenon. Well, the interesting thing is that

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Speaker 3: answered another question that we've had for a long long

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Speaker 3: time about the oceans of the Earth. We have we

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Speaker 3: do chemical analysis of the oceans all the time, and

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Speaker 3: one of the things that we realize is that there's

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Speaker 3: a lot of missing xenon in our planet. We could

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Speaker 3: see it in the atmosphere, but it's not present as

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Speaker 3: it should be partial pressures in the water, and as

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Speaker 3: it turns out, it's locked into the matrix of the

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Speaker 3: core of the Earth. And there were the two peaks.

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Speaker 3: So now we're talking something around thirteen grams per cubic centimeter,

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Speaker 3: which is immensely dense for the Earth. But you take

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Speaker 3: the diameter of the Earth and the time it takes

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Speaker 3: us to go around the Sun, and that means that,

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Speaker 3: assuming the rest of the planet is about one gram

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Speaker 3: per cubic centimeter, there's a gap between the core and

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Speaker 3: the crust, and that is really supportive of Hollower theory.

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Speaker 2: How big is that gap, Brooks?

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Speaker 3: It could be as much as twelve hundred miles wow.

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Speaker 3: And the interesting thing is that that core is rotating

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Speaker 3: or spinning at a rate one hundred thousand times greater

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Speaker 3: than the movement of the tectonic plates around the Earth.

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Speaker 2: Do you think every planetary object is similar?

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Speaker 3: That's a very good question. We look at space with

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Speaker 3: telescopes and we get snapshots obviously we have them been

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Speaker 3: looking at space for that long, relatively speaking, and we

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Speaker 3: see two different ways that planets form. One is through

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Speaker 3: accretion disc theory. This is a theory where there's a giant,

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Speaker 3: spinning disk of dust and over time what happens is

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Speaker 3: that dust begins to collapse in on itself, the center

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Speaker 3: being the Sun, and maybe spinning little eddies become planets.

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Speaker 3: And we do have kind of a snapshot of that

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Speaker 3: happening various places around the galaxy that we look. The

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Speaker 3: other theory is the electric universe theory, and that is

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Speaker 3: that in these spinning plasma clouds, there are huge electric

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Speaker 3: arcs that happen like lightning bolts to go shooting through

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Speaker 3: all of this, and when it's done, it actually coagulates

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Speaker 3: planets and suns inside this, and it's rather sudden in

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Speaker 3: the universe, and we have evidence of both of these occurring.

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Speaker 3: The accretion disc theory is the one that supports the

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Speaker 3: idea of hollow planets because as these dust balls begin

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Speaker 3: to collapse in on themselves, they spin faster and faster

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Speaker 3: and faster, like an ice gater, you know, pulling their

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Speaker 3: arms in, and the planet does one of three things.

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Speaker 3: It either spins so fast that it explodes and you

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Speaker 3: get something like the asteroid belt, it becomes lopsided and

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Speaker 3: the heavy parts of it spin off, and it spits

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Speaker 3: off a moon, and we see that in our own

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Speaker 3: Solar system with venus and mercury. Or the planet begins

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Speaker 3: to expand crack and cool, expand crack and cool, and

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Speaker 3: what happens is the crust actually expands to two or

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Speaker 3: even three times its original diameter, but it leaves behind

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Speaker 3: the spinning core. Sometimes there's a core and sometimes there's not.

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Speaker 3: And the difference we're beating to learn is that planets

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Speaker 3: that have magnetospheres have a core, solid core that's spinning

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Speaker 3: at the original speed. The crust, however, because the ice

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Speaker 3: skater has let her arms out, is now spinning much slower.

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Speaker 3: That difference in spin rate is what creates the magnetosphere.

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Speaker 2: Brooks, Is there a hole that one could see from

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Speaker 2: space in the planet.

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Speaker 3: No, there is some misinformation out there from the nineteen

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Speaker 3: sixty eight satellites. But you have to understand these satellites

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Speaker 3: take what are called strip images. They go around and

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Speaker 3: around and around the planet, but they only take image

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Speaker 3: maybe twenty thirty miles wide. And then what they do

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Speaker 3: is they stitch the images together to make a sphere

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Speaker 3: or to make a round picture, and what you end

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Speaker 3: up with as a hole in the center because of

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Speaker 3: the way the images are stitched together. So that's not real.

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Speaker 3: Thing said, we do not have any publicly available satellite

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Speaker 3: images of either one of the polls, at least invisible.

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Speaker 3: We have it in X ray, but we don't have

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Speaker 3: it invisible. And the reason is because in two thousand

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Speaker 3: and six we passed the Data Denial Act. A lot

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Speaker 3: of people and a lot of sciences should be very

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Speaker 3: frustrated by this, but it allows government to withhold real

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Speaker 3: time satellite imagery from the public in times of conflict

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Speaker 3: or war. And I can't in my lifetime remember a

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Speaker 3: time we have not been in a conflict or war.

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Speaker 3: So there are no publicly available images of either one

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Speaker 3: of the poles. Why are they hiding this, Well, it

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Speaker 3: could be because they don't know anything, or it could

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Speaker 3: be because they do know something, and I think it's

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Speaker 3: the latter. In fact, the more that I deal with Washington,

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Speaker 3: and I do have interactions with congressional panels for my

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Speaker 3: own state, North Carolina, and I see that when they

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Speaker 3: have information, they feel like they they're the possessors of it,

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Speaker 3: they're the caretakers of the curators of it, and they

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Speaker 3: don't want to let it out to the public. And

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Speaker 3: sometimes it's because the Department of Defense says, no, we

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Speaker 3: can't give out this information because it could be fed

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Speaker 3: into a cruise missile guidance system. They give some reason

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Speaker 3: or another, and other times it's just because they like

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Speaker 3: to keep the public dumb. And uninformed, and it's frustrating,

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Speaker 3: especially for scientists.

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Speaker 2: Weren't you going to head for the North Pole to

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Speaker 2: look for the opening?

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Speaker 3: This was kind of the missing piece for me as

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Speaker 3: I was writing. I think it was volume three of

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Speaker 3: the Arc of millions of Years. This was the most

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Speaker 3: I think the most energetic of the quad was volume three.

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Speaker 3: We began to realize that there was some missing data

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Speaker 3: and the only way to get it was to actually

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Speaker 3: go there and get it ourselves. So the Internet wasn't

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Speaker 3: what it is today, and I started to do research

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Speaker 3: to see if anyone had ever done an Arctic expedition

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Speaker 3: from the ground, not fly over it, but actually sailed

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Speaker 3: to it, and found out there was one guy named

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Speaker 3: Marshall Gardener who actually patented the hollower theory, who actually

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Speaker 3: died on one of the expeditions, and he was never

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Speaker 3: able to get there because he was trying to get

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Speaker 3: there by dogs led Since Marshall Gardner, though, the Murmunksk

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Speaker 3: Shipping Company out of Russia built the Arctica class nuclear

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Speaker 3: powered icebreaker and we began to contract this boat in

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Speaker 3: two thousand and eight. This ship is four hundred and

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Speaker 3: fifty feet long, seventy five thousand horse power, has a

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Speaker 3: two and a half year fuel supply, and it is

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Speaker 3: the only ship on planet Earth that can sail above

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Speaker 3: the eighty six Parallel is not just the ice rated hole,

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Speaker 3: it's an ice busting hole, a hole, and it carries

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Speaker 3: one hundred and twenty five passengers. So we began putting

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Speaker 3: together the funds and this is no easy deal. This

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Speaker 3: is a three and a half million dollar charter.

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Speaker 2: Wow.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it was a big deal. But we put together

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Speaker 3: our dry run, which is to make our way to Moscow,

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Speaker 3: Saint Petersburg, and then finally to murmooksk and do a

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Speaker 3: sort of an introductory documentary to get there. Film it,

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Speaker 3: interview them, get them excited about the expedition. We were

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Speaker 3: excited about the expedition. I put together about fifty thousand

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Speaker 3: dollars of my own money, and we were just all

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Speaker 3: set to go. We had all of our tickets and.

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Speaker 2: Trains and all of our remember that.

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Speaker 3: And then they locked the whole world down. Somebody just

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Speaker 3: picked up the phone and said, that's it. We're locking

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Speaker 3: the whole world down. They called it COVID, but nobody

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Speaker 3: buys that stuff anyway. We lost all of our money,

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Speaker 3: and since that time, Russia has been sanctioned and we

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Speaker 3: can't even buy Russian dressing, let alone rent a Russian

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Speaker 3: nuclear powered icebreaker.

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Speaker 2: Is the icebreaker still functioning?

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Speaker 3: Absolutely? In fact, they've expanded the fleet and they're excited

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Speaker 3: about the expedition. We're excited about the expedition, and the

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Speaker 3: new Arctica class boat is really something to behold.

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Speaker 1: Listen to more Coast to Coast am every weeknight at

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Speaker 1: one am Eastern and go to Coast to coastam dot

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Speaker 1: com for more