1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:04,960 Speaker 1: Welcome Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of I 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 1: Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, welcome to Stuff to 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:16,240 Speaker 1: Blow your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm 4 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:19,079 Speaker 1: Joe McCormick. And hey, folks, remember last I think it 5 00:00:19,120 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: was December when we were joined by Katie Golden of 6 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:27,400 Speaker 1: Creature Feature or another podcast in our network. Well she's 7 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:30,760 Speaker 1: back today. Say hi Katie, Hey, Hey, how you doing 8 00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:33,600 Speaker 1: pretty great? I'm so excited to be back. Yeah, we're 9 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:35,639 Speaker 1: We're excited to have you on the show again. So 10 00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:40,320 Speaker 1: Creature Feature is back for a second season. That's correct, right, Yeah, 11 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:43,240 Speaker 1: that's right. Uh. And I'm really excited about this season 12 00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:47,360 Speaker 1: because we've got UM. Now, I got somehow managed to 13 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 1: convince some experts to come on by show and talk 14 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:52,919 Speaker 1: about stuff. So that's great. I've got a herpetologist who 15 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:56,200 Speaker 1: I have a series of interviews with. UM. I've found 16 00:00:56,560 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 1: a comedian who's also uh, a bio engineer. UM. And 17 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,600 Speaker 1: it's just got. It's like I was worried. I was saying, well, 18 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:07,319 Speaker 1: how am I I hope I don't run out of 19 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:10,640 Speaker 1: content for this season, and I'm as I'm researching, I'm 20 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: realizing there's no possible way to ever, like all the 21 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 1: examples I've been fonding for this season, all the really 22 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:24,720 Speaker 1: interesting evolutionary biology stories are even more incredible than last season. 23 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:28,360 Speaker 1: So I'm I'm super excited. I think this is shaping 24 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:31,080 Speaker 1: up to be really interesting and fun. So season two 25 00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:36,240 Speaker 1: is more incredible than season one? Which season is grosser? Oh? 26 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:40,760 Speaker 1: You know that's a good question. Um, well, I don't know. 27 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:45,479 Speaker 1: I think season two is. It's not well, it's not 28 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: gross to me. It's it's certainly stranger though, it's weirder. 29 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,240 Speaker 1: It gets a lot weirder. Uh, there are definitely some 30 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:59,920 Speaker 1: gross things. Um. We talked about some you know, why 31 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:05,480 Speaker 1: bends that animals have that are kind of like poop based, um, 32 00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:08,840 Speaker 1: stinky poop bombs. Uh so yeah, there's there's plenty of 33 00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:12,760 Speaker 1: grossness to be had. And uh oh and vomit bombs. 34 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:17,079 Speaker 1: That's a good one. Animals who explode after eating too much. Uh, 35 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,919 Speaker 1: there's lots of those actually. Um so yeah, it's if 36 00:02:21,919 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 1: you're I mean, it's I try to keep things. I 37 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:27,400 Speaker 1: try to describe things in a way that aren't won't 38 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:30,239 Speaker 1: make you lose your lunch. But you know, it is 39 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:35,480 Speaker 1: still it's nature doesn't really care about being polite, you 40 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:39,239 Speaker 1: know what I mean. So you're trying not to make 41 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:43,040 Speaker 1: people vomit. I think that's where you're screwing up. Oh yeah, 42 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:46,520 Speaker 1: that's true. I mean, if we've learned anything from evolutionary biology, 43 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:50,119 Speaker 1: throwing up on your enemies as a really good evolutionary strategy. 44 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:53,600 Speaker 1: So if you do throw up in response to my podcast, 45 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: I'm actually helping you along. Well. Yeah, I think in general, 46 00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 1: like humans have a weird attitude towards vomit, Like if 47 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:02,120 Speaker 1: you if you have a cat or all right, I 48 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:05,959 Speaker 1: guess a dog to dogs vomit, right, Oh yeah, I 49 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:08,120 Speaker 1: don't know. I don't have a dog, but but my 50 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:10,760 Speaker 1: cats certainly vomits. And when when she vomits, like it 51 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: is just it is a natural, shameless act for her, 52 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: and uh, and that's how it is for for for 53 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,480 Speaker 1: for everything, except humans who have all these strange ideas 54 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: about it and get all worked up over the process. Robert, 55 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:26,079 Speaker 1: I forget that you don't know anything about dogs. Wait here, 56 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 1: let's do a quiz. True or false, Robert, dogs defensively 57 00:03:29,639 --> 00:03:31,960 Speaker 1: squirt blood out of their eyes. I know that's not true. 58 00:03:32,160 --> 00:03:38,320 Speaker 1: That's more of a particular horn to horn toads though, Yeah, 59 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: that's the one. Yeah. So wait, what what's your favorite 60 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:47,400 Speaker 1: defensive vomiting um. Well, there's a few species of birds 61 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:53,000 Speaker 1: who will vomit a sort of orange sticky substance onto 62 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:58,400 Speaker 1: a predator and it well, it's actually can be really 63 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,280 Speaker 1: dangerous for the predator because it can way down their wings. 64 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:05,120 Speaker 1: Say it's another avian predator, it'll uh get their wings 65 00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:07,160 Speaker 1: all oily and make it difficult to fly, and it 66 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:11,119 Speaker 1: can actually cause their downfall. So it's kind of amazing 67 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:13,280 Speaker 1: that you can flip the script so much where you 68 00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: have this cute, innocent, little baby bird um that vomits 69 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: all over it's would be predator, and then that predator 70 00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:22,480 Speaker 1: is now in mortal danger because it's covered in valm. 71 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,880 Speaker 1: So you mentioned h animals that kind of explode as well, 72 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:29,839 Speaker 1: do you get in you get into termites? Yeah. Termites, Uh, 73 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,640 Speaker 1: when they get old enough, they kind of concoct this 74 00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:36,039 Speaker 1: explosive wine in their bodies. It's not really wine. I 75 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:39,120 Speaker 1: just it's funny because it gets the explosive juices get 76 00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:43,360 Speaker 1: better with age, um and then in order and they 77 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:46,159 Speaker 1: once they get old, their mandibles just aren't as good 78 00:04:46,160 --> 00:04:50,880 Speaker 1: at chopping down plant fibers, and uh, they're kind of 79 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: they're kind of useless to a certain extent, except that 80 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:57,840 Speaker 1: they can use their bodies as a defensive weapon against 81 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:03,120 Speaker 1: uh invaders or predators. And so they will violently contract 82 00:05:03,160 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 1: their abdomens and they'll explode. Uh. So they they it's 83 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,239 Speaker 1: like the sack of blue liquid that can suicidally explode 84 00:05:13,279 --> 00:05:18,400 Speaker 1: onto enemies. Um, and it's it's just like it's so 85 00:05:18,560 --> 00:05:24,800 Speaker 1: they blew themselves. Well, how about the defensive pooping You 86 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:28,120 Speaker 1: mentioned that too, right, Yeah, Pygmy sperm whales are a 87 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:31,720 Speaker 1: good example. They it's not really poop, it's like this 88 00:05:32,120 --> 00:05:38,000 Speaker 1: butt syrup. It's the specialized fluid that's this kind of brown, dark, 89 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:43,400 Speaker 1: uh smelly. I would imagine very smelly fluid that they 90 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 1: use kind of like squid inc where they will it 91 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:51,560 Speaker 1: clouds the water, makes it unpalatable for predators and then 92 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,640 Speaker 1: also just like gives them sort of a poopy smoke screen. 93 00:05:56,600 --> 00:06:00,279 Speaker 1: I don't think this one. It's a new one on me. Yeah. 94 00:06:00,279 --> 00:06:04,440 Speaker 1: And then also, um, some songbirds will say a raven 95 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:07,440 Speaker 1: is trying to eat their young. Uh, the songbirds will 96 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: poop on the ravens, dive bomb them, and uh it's 97 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: similar to the defensive vomiting where it will coat the 98 00:06:14,600 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 1: ravens feathers and make it difficult to fly, and it 99 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:19,400 Speaker 1: can actually cause them to die because if they can't 100 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 1: fly or escape or you know, it's it's a very 101 00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: dangerous situation for the predator. I've never thought about that 102 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,080 Speaker 1: with birds before, but it totally makes sense. Like when 103 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: you see, uh, some of the tragic casualties of oil spills, 104 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: you know, with that affecting birds, you know that it 105 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:37,039 Speaker 1: soaks into their feathers and makes them unable to to fly. 106 00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:40,640 Speaker 1: But yeah, when I guess when you are a flying organism, 107 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:43,680 Speaker 1: there are some real downsides to taking on additional weight 108 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,240 Speaker 1: or anything that would screw up the aerodynamic properties of 109 00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:50,480 Speaker 1: your feathers. Yeah, or altars the chemical composition of the 110 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:53,479 Speaker 1: outside of the feathers and makes them permeable to water. 111 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 1: And uh, it's a very they're they're very um specialized 112 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:02,560 Speaker 1: in terms of how they protect the they bird's body 113 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:05,719 Speaker 1: and allow them to fly, so they're quite easy to 114 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:09,360 Speaker 1: mess with in a way. So it's very dangerous for 115 00:07:09,400 --> 00:07:14,000 Speaker 1: these ravens to tangle with the with these dive bomber birds. 116 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 1: But Katie did you have any other like topics from 117 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: season two that you wanted to talk about. Yeah, so 118 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:21,840 Speaker 1: there's a lot of cool episodes. One of the most 119 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:23,760 Speaker 1: recent is on tool use. I think a lot of 120 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:28,040 Speaker 1: people think of tools as a primarily primate and human thing, 121 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:31,200 Speaker 1: but as we'll discover, a lot of other animals have 122 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:35,440 Speaker 1: really creative and bizarre ways they use tools. Uh. There's 123 00:07:35,480 --> 00:07:39,239 Speaker 1: one on superhero powers that's a really fun one, UM 124 00:07:39,320 --> 00:07:42,440 Speaker 1: David and Goliath, where we talk about the underdog and 125 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:45,240 Speaker 1: how they often went out in the natural world and 126 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:47,640 Speaker 1: how they managed to do that. And you can check 127 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: all this out on our website, Creature Feature pod dot com. Excellent, 128 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:54,560 Speaker 1: go do that. If you haven't stuff to blow your 129 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 1: mind listeners, why haven't you checked out Creature Feature yet? 130 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:00,600 Speaker 1: If you haven't, go go go Now. All right, well, 131 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,000 Speaker 1: and I know we're gonna take a quick break, but 132 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:05,040 Speaker 1: when we come back, we're gonna talk with Katie about teeth. 133 00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:06,880 Speaker 1: We're gonna spend most of the rest of this episode 134 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:10,320 Speaker 1: talking about some uh peculiar and and maybe at times 135 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:17,160 Speaker 1: um intimidating uh chompers in the animal world. Thank thank 136 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:21,200 Speaker 1: thank Alright, we're back. So Katie, we asked you to 137 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,680 Speaker 1: talk with us about teeth today, maybe to have like 138 00:08:23,880 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 1: I realized after I said it, uh, that we should 139 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:29,600 Speaker 1: do like a like an awards show for nature's weirdest 140 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:32,760 Speaker 1: or most jacked up teeth. But I think that idea 141 00:08:33,240 --> 00:08:36,000 Speaker 1: came without me realizing it from Your Worst at Sex 142 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:39,839 Speaker 1: Awards episode on Creature Feature, which I listened to and 143 00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:43,880 Speaker 1: I thought was very funny. Um. But yeah, so I thought, maybe, yeah, 144 00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:46,520 Speaker 1: we we do a little teeth awards show. And I 145 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:49,319 Speaker 1: know this was on my mind because Robert and I 146 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 1: just recently did an episode of our other podcast, Invention, 147 00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:55,320 Speaker 1: about chewing gum, and I haven't been able to stop 148 00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:57,719 Speaker 1: thinking about chewing ever since then, which is one of 149 00:08:57,800 --> 00:09:00,199 Speaker 1: those things that you know, like when you're chewing food, 150 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:02,520 Speaker 1: if you don't think about it, it tastes really good. 151 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:04,520 Speaker 1: It feels really good, but if you do think about 152 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:08,600 Speaker 1: it while you're doing it, it becomes disgusting. With like 153 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:12,240 Speaker 1: candy and chewing gum or any candy where you you 154 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:16,600 Speaker 1: suck on it or chew on it, you're swallowing flavored saliva, 155 00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:19,640 Speaker 1: and that's what you're eating when you think about it. 156 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:22,760 Speaker 1: And ever since, I realized that it's made eating candy 157 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:27,520 Speaker 1: or chewing gum a lot more difficult. Yeah, it's like 158 00:09:27,559 --> 00:09:31,760 Speaker 1: a spit treats. Yeah. Um. So you know, one of 159 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:34,040 Speaker 1: the interesting things about the human mouth, though, is that 160 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:37,840 Speaker 1: I think we don't often recognize how much the human 161 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:41,959 Speaker 1: how much human teeth are reflective of our evolutionary niche 162 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,600 Speaker 1: is omnivores. You know that we have like these these 163 00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: sort of like cutting front teeth, and we have these 164 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:50,240 Speaker 1: sort of like slightly reduced canines that you might see 165 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:52,720 Speaker 1: in other predators. But then we've also got the grinding 166 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:56,679 Speaker 1: molars for plant matter. We have teeth that show the 167 00:09:56,720 --> 00:09:59,800 Speaker 1: fact that we eat all kinds of different foods. But 168 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:02,920 Speaker 1: there are some animals that you you look at their 169 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: teeth and you just realize they have a much more 170 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:09,200 Speaker 1: specialized way of life. Yeah. I mean one of my 171 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:12,960 Speaker 1: favorite kinds of animal teeth are beaver teeth. Is it 172 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,600 Speaker 1: okay if I talk about that, let go for it. Um. Yeah, 173 00:10:16,679 --> 00:10:20,360 Speaker 1: they I mean I think they're when you think of teeth, 174 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:23,320 Speaker 1: that's kind of the primary animal they have that comes 175 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,160 Speaker 1: up in your head. They have those big buck teeth 176 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:28,720 Speaker 1: and they chew down trees and but what's cool is 177 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:31,880 Speaker 1: there's so much more to it than just on the surface. Like, 178 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:35,080 Speaker 1: it's not just that they have these big buck teeth. Um, 179 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:40,679 Speaker 1: they're really incredibly special teeth. Um. So first of all, 180 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 1: they will grow continuously, so they never stopped growing. And 181 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:48,600 Speaker 1: that's because when they chew down would which as as 182 00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:52,440 Speaker 1: we know, beavers are very industrious there they will terraform 183 00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:57,439 Speaker 1: their environment. They're really important, uh in terms of ecological 184 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:03,160 Speaker 1: um niche bill ding, and like they also feed on 185 00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:06,760 Speaker 1: these hard plant fibers and and the inside of the 186 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:10,280 Speaker 1: cambium in the tree. It's not true that they like 187 00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:13,160 Speaker 1: they don't eat the bark. They eat the soft tissue 188 00:11:13,280 --> 00:11:16,199 Speaker 1: under the tree bark um, and that's full of nutrients. 189 00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:20,800 Speaker 1: So they need they need really special strong teeth to 190 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:24,240 Speaker 1: be able to chow down on these trees and do 191 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:27,960 Speaker 1: all of this work. So um, if their teeth didn't 192 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,920 Speaker 1: constantly grow, they just get worn down. And as soon 193 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:32,800 Speaker 1: as the teeth wore all the way down, they would 194 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:38,319 Speaker 1: be unable to function anymore. Uh. So uh, they're also 195 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:41,360 Speaker 1: if you ever seen a beaver, I don't know, have 196 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:45,120 Speaker 1: you guys seen a beaver? Oh yeah, yeah, but I 197 00:11:45,120 --> 00:11:47,000 Speaker 1: know what you're about about to to get to because 198 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,880 Speaker 1: every time I see a beaver in real life, I 199 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:54,080 Speaker 1: have to remind myself, Oh, yes, there's this one key 200 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:58,480 Speaker 1: coloration difference that is generally not presented in cartoons and 201 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:00,800 Speaker 1: stuffed animals. It's got like got like toxic of in 202 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:04,079 Speaker 1: your mouth, doesn't it? Yes, So its teeth look really 203 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:08,000 Speaker 1: jankie when if you see one, you may think, oh god, 204 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:10,360 Speaker 1: there's something wrong with this beaver because its teeth are 205 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:15,800 Speaker 1: bright orange. And now they're perfectly healthy. The orange or 206 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:21,520 Speaker 1: the better. Um. So it's orange because the front enamel 207 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:26,240 Speaker 1: of their teeth is actually reinforced with iron that they 208 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:30,880 Speaker 1: get naturally in their diets. So um, everyone's enamel enamel 209 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,400 Speaker 1: is made out of like these tiny nano wire rods 210 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:38,200 Speaker 1: that are stacked together, and that's what makes it really hard. Um, 211 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:42,120 Speaker 1: and that's what protects your teeth. In beavers, each of 212 00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: these rows are coated in iron, forming these iron nano 213 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,640 Speaker 1: wires that are especially hard. So that's why they can 214 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 1: chew through a tree, whereas if one of us tried 215 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: to chew through a tree, you know it wouldn't be 216 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:59,000 Speaker 1: good news. Wait a minute, wait a minute, so orange 217 00:12:59,320 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: iron teeth. I would imagine, if I'm not wrong, that 218 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:07,440 Speaker 1: it's orange because the iron gets oxidized, so the beaver 219 00:13:07,640 --> 00:13:12,760 Speaker 1: would literally have rusty teeth, right, I mean that checks 220 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:17,360 Speaker 1: out to me. I'm not I'm not a chemist, but 221 00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:19,319 Speaker 1: but I mean I feel like if you want to 222 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:23,160 Speaker 1: call beavers like like rusty teeth boys, that wouldn't be 223 00:13:23,200 --> 00:13:27,400 Speaker 1: so bad. Yeah, but I have I don't think I've 224 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:30,440 Speaker 1: ever seen a cartoon beaver or a stuffed animal beaver 225 00:13:31,320 --> 00:13:34,560 Speaker 1: actually have orange teeth. I mean, hopefully there's some some 226 00:13:34,679 --> 00:13:37,760 Speaker 1: more you know, biologically accurate representations out there, but for 227 00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:40,600 Speaker 1: the most part, again, I'm always just shocked when I 228 00:13:40,640 --> 00:13:42,400 Speaker 1: see a beaver in real life, and then I have 229 00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:44,640 Speaker 1: to remind myself that, oh, yeah, this is this is 230 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:47,560 Speaker 1: what they look like. Well, you know, it's It's interesting 231 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:50,400 Speaker 1: because there was this TV show on Nickelodeon when I 232 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:54,320 Speaker 1: was growing up called Angry Beavers Um, and they actually, 233 00:13:54,559 --> 00:13:56,160 Speaker 1: in a weird way, they had some of the more 234 00:13:56,200 --> 00:14:00,079 Speaker 1: accurate representation of beavers because I remember this episod so 235 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: about how if they didn't shoot their teeth down, they'd 236 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: keep growing and growing until they would grow into like 237 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:09,840 Speaker 1: their brains or something, and that part isn't really true, 238 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:15,280 Speaker 1: but uh, the the part where they their teeth continuously 239 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:18,120 Speaker 1: grow is very true, and so that that was interesting. 240 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:20,760 Speaker 1: I love cartoons like that because I think that kind 241 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: of encourages young people's fascination with animals. Oh yeah, I 242 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:27,680 Speaker 1: there's I think there's some some better and better um 243 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:30,520 Speaker 1: cartoons out there these days. My son watches some of 244 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:33,800 Speaker 1: them where they'll they'll manage to balance, you know, anthropomorphic 245 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:37,880 Speaker 1: animals that talk to each other with actual realities from 246 00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:42,200 Speaker 1: the natural world. Be it's something like octonauts or um oh, 247 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 1: what is it? There's a sky, there's a the one 248 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:48,920 Speaker 1: of the Puffins Puffin rock U does a pretty good job. 249 00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 1: Speaking of cartoons, that kind of they called beaver teeth 250 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:55,640 Speaker 1: growing continuously just reminds me of the Simpson's Lisa Needs 251 00:14:55,640 --> 00:15:00,480 Speaker 1: Braces eisodes where they show the age progression her teeth 252 00:15:00,520 --> 00:15:03,800 Speaker 1: get more and more. Well, I think that's a that's 253 00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 1: a British joke there and she show they showed her 254 00:15:06,240 --> 00:15:10,160 Speaker 1: the Big Book of British Teeth or the one ends 255 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:13,480 Speaker 1: up growing through the top of her head in the projection, right, yeah, yeah, 256 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:16,240 Speaker 1: it's just like it shows her teeth just getting bigger 257 00:15:16,240 --> 00:15:19,760 Speaker 1: and bigger until one grows through her skull. Yeah, you're right, 258 00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:23,240 Speaker 1: that's two different jokes. Yeah the joke. Yeah, yeah, that's 259 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:25,560 Speaker 1: why she needs braces so it doesn't stab her brain. 260 00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: Dental plan. All right, let's keep going on beavers. So 261 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,920 Speaker 1: what else you got, Katie? Yeah, So the iron in 262 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:35,880 Speaker 1: their teeth that makes them that beautiful shade of orange 263 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:40,080 Speaker 1: not only predictably it helps them carve through hard plants 264 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:43,560 Speaker 1: and woods, but it's also resistant to damage from acid. 265 00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:48,560 Speaker 1: So beaver's pretty much never get cavities. Um. They're like 266 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:53,680 Speaker 1: a dentist's stream teeth um. And which is very important 267 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:58,080 Speaker 1: because beaver without his teeth is like, you know, I 268 00:15:58,120 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: don't know, it's just impossible. You can't. We can't beaver 269 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:05,120 Speaker 1: without your teeth, right, of course, that's I guess it's 270 00:16:05,120 --> 00:16:07,040 Speaker 1: true for a lot of animals. So that I mean 271 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:09,800 Speaker 1: you you look at the vital role that teeth have 272 00:16:10,120 --> 00:16:13,040 Speaker 1: in their ability to feed themselves. I mean really for 273 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:17,040 Speaker 1: for humans, I mean, we're if not for our cooking technology, 274 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,800 Speaker 1: we'd be in largely the same boat. Yeah, I mean, um, 275 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:23,680 Speaker 1: I remember there was this survival story of this guy 276 00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:26,560 Speaker 1: who was he was stuck I think in that a 277 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:29,640 Speaker 1: desert somewhere in Australia, like somewhere in the out back 278 00:16:29,720 --> 00:16:32,800 Speaker 1: where he had gotten lost or something, and he found 279 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:35,480 Speaker 1: some kind of abandoned shack and he was he had 280 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:38,320 Speaker 1: to stay there because he was miles and miles from 281 00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: civilization and he had to conserve his energy. So he 282 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,400 Speaker 1: survived by eating like those witchet eat grubs. And then uh, 283 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:49,160 Speaker 1: he started to get a tooth abscess. Uh, and so 284 00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:53,400 Speaker 1: he realized he had to rip his own tooth out 285 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,920 Speaker 1: in order to survive, because if the infection spread to 286 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:58,280 Speaker 1: other teeth or if he couldn't use his mouth, he 287 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:01,120 Speaker 1: would die. So he hold out his own two like 288 00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:04,800 Speaker 1: did his did dentistry on himself in order to survive, 289 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:06,720 Speaker 1: and he I think he did end up Yeah, well, 290 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:08,679 Speaker 1: I mean because he was talking about it, So he 291 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:12,960 Speaker 1: ended up surviving. The original d seven hours before the 292 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:14,960 Speaker 1: h I don't remember the original guy's name, but the 293 00:17:15,040 --> 00:17:18,480 Speaker 1: James Franco movie, right right. Yeah, although I feel like 294 00:17:18,480 --> 00:17:21,640 Speaker 1: pulling out your own tooth is somehow even worse than 295 00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:26,879 Speaker 1: cutting off your own leg, if that makes sense. Yeah, 296 00:17:27,320 --> 00:17:31,680 Speaker 1: like you're breaking your job. It's awful. Um. So back 297 00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:37,240 Speaker 1: to beavers. Um. They also it's it's really interesting because 298 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,280 Speaker 1: so the front part of the tooth is that orange 299 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:43,040 Speaker 1: color with the reinforced iron, and then the back part 300 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:47,359 Speaker 1: is actually a softer made of denton, which is a 301 00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:50,160 Speaker 1: little it's still hard, but it's softer and it will 302 00:17:50,240 --> 00:17:52,800 Speaker 1: wear away more quickly than the iron in the front. 303 00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:56,800 Speaker 1: So when they chew, they actually form these natural wedges 304 00:17:57,040 --> 00:17:59,680 Speaker 1: with their teeth, and that makes them even better tools. 305 00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:04,640 Speaker 1: In fact, beaver jaws were used as tools by early humans, 306 00:18:05,359 --> 00:18:07,320 Speaker 1: which is a kind of a little bit of a 307 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:09,840 Speaker 1: cheating way to have an iron age. You just use 308 00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:14,520 Speaker 1: a beaver jaw. Um, But yeah, because they were so 309 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:19,560 Speaker 1: their their teeth are just such great specialized tools. So 310 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,520 Speaker 1: it's kind of like a like a single bevel knife, right, 311 00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:25,160 Speaker 1: the kind of knife that, unlike most is just we're 312 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:30,480 Speaker 1: worn down on one edge. Yeah, yeah, exactly. It's Um, 313 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:34,920 Speaker 1: it's really utilizing some mechanical advantage and the way it's 314 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,040 Speaker 1: it's just cool to me that one side is softer, 315 00:18:37,119 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: so it'll create a blade basically with these teeth like 316 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:44,679 Speaker 1: little little tiny axes. This whole conversation about how you 317 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:48,399 Speaker 1: never see the orange teeth in cartoons has made me 318 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:51,240 Speaker 1: think you could do a whole episode, or we could 319 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:55,359 Speaker 1: somebody could on like animals that are never depicted in 320 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,680 Speaker 1: cartoons in anatomically correct ways because to depict them in 321 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:02,679 Speaker 1: a comically correctly is disturbing in one way or another. 322 00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:06,800 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that's a great idea. I might steal it. 323 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:11,400 Speaker 1: I was also going to do UM. Probably this week, 324 00:19:11,440 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 1: I'm going to do a little bit of myth busting 325 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:16,919 Speaker 1: about lions. I advised the Bechdel cast on that, and 326 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,719 Speaker 1: I probably will mention some things on my show because 327 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:25,040 Speaker 1: of the I'm sure the blatant misinformation coming from the 328 00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:28,880 Speaker 1: new Line King movie that must be corrected. Oh does 329 00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:32,120 Speaker 1: it present like a phallocentric Lion King? Yeah, I don't 330 00:19:32,119 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: know if the new one. I haven't actually seen the 331 00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:39,440 Speaker 1: new quote unquote live action. It's not live action, it's UM, 332 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,520 Speaker 1: but I haven't seen it. It's I have seen the old, 333 00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:46,520 Speaker 1: the old version, which is very inaccurate UM in terms 334 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:51,560 Speaker 1: of how it presents lion society. But you know, speak 335 00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:55,080 Speaker 1: about speaking of animals that don't do well when their teeth, 336 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:57,520 Speaker 1: when stuff happens to their teeth, like a lion with 337 00:19:57,880 --> 00:20:01,720 Speaker 1: teeth problems can definitely die well. I've I believe I've 338 00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: read that in cases where you have man eaters um 339 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:08,720 Speaker 1: with with large feelines like that sometimes occurs due to 340 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:12,680 Speaker 1: um uh damage to their their teeth, like they're they're 341 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:16,240 Speaker 1: losing their their dental effectiveness and they that's when they 342 00:20:16,280 --> 00:20:19,320 Speaker 1: turned to eating humans if they're available. Yeah, that's I 343 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,520 Speaker 1: think that was the case with the lines of Savo. 344 00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 1: Is that the ones that were we're eating the people 345 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:31,000 Speaker 1: who were um it was this group of like two 346 00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:36,040 Speaker 1: or three lions who were stalking these people back in 347 00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:39,400 Speaker 1: the was it in the eighteen hundreds, um, the late 348 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:43,840 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds. Maybe they were they building a railroad. Yeah, 349 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:46,480 Speaker 1: they were building a railroad, I think, and they kept 350 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:52,080 Speaker 1: eating these poor workers and um, and they would stock them, 351 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:55,240 Speaker 1: they would follow their camps and wait for one of 352 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:57,359 Speaker 1: them to let their guard down and eat them. And 353 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:02,960 Speaker 1: that's because humans were really we're soft serve basically. Um. 354 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:08,080 Speaker 1: So these lions that were weaker and had these dental problems. Um, 355 00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: we're eating people because we were just easier to eat. 356 00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:15,560 Speaker 1: Get tired of chewing through a bunch of hide humans. 357 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:21,200 Speaker 1: Easy solution, right, We're like little cherry tomatoes on the teeth. 358 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:23,280 Speaker 1: All right, Well, let's move on to our next animal. 359 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,160 Speaker 1: Katie believe you were gonna you're gonna talk about one 360 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:34,200 Speaker 1: of our favorites, the corpse whale. Yeah, the the unicorn 361 00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:39,399 Speaker 1: of the sea, the narwall um. And isn't it I 362 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:41,919 Speaker 1: think it's actually true that, like the concept of the 363 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:46,879 Speaker 1: unicorn may be related to people who discovered narwhal horns. Yes, 364 00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:49,840 Speaker 1: we talked about this. We actually did a two part 365 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:53,439 Speaker 1: episode on unicorns, I think sometime last year, or was 366 00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:54,960 Speaker 1: it even the year before, I don't know, it was 367 00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:59,520 Speaker 1: sometime recently, and narwhal horns have been hypothesized as one 368 00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:04,159 Speaker 1: of the things that people sold and traded as unicorn horns. 369 00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:07,560 Speaker 1: Like basically the two main in roads to unicorns are 370 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: rhinos and our wall But we were calling them nor 371 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:15,040 Speaker 1: whal horns. They're not exactly how horns are they. Yeah, 372 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:17,800 Speaker 1: I'm doing a bit of a goof on y'all. They're 373 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:21,000 Speaker 1: actually tusks because they're big old tooth that grows out 374 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:27,480 Speaker 1: of their forehead. It's actually an oversized canine tooth. And 375 00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:30,840 Speaker 1: what's interesting to me is there if you ever, when 376 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:33,120 Speaker 1: you think of a norl kind of similar to how 377 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:36,480 Speaker 1: you picture of beaver with their pearly white teeth, the 378 00:22:36,560 --> 00:22:39,040 Speaker 1: nor well, you think of it as a symmetrical unicorn 379 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:42,119 Speaker 1: horn like right down the center. It's actually off center 380 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:47,200 Speaker 1: because it's usually the upper left canine tooth that is overgrown. 381 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:50,280 Speaker 1: So if you get a top view of an our wall, 382 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:53,000 Speaker 1: you can see it actually lists a little bit to 383 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:57,199 Speaker 1: the left typically um, and they can grow up to 384 00:22:57,440 --> 00:23:02,680 Speaker 1: an impressive tin ft long. It's usually only on males. 385 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:06,919 Speaker 1: Only about fift of females have a tusk um, and 386 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:10,320 Speaker 1: then very very rarely uh, a narwhal can have two 387 00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:16,440 Speaker 1: symmetrical tusks, but that's extremely uncommon. Um. And what's really 388 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 1: cool about this the narwhal tusk is it is kind 389 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:24,560 Speaker 1: of a scientific mystery and there are a few theories 390 00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:31,879 Speaker 1: on why it exists and has an super weird uh 391 00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:36,040 Speaker 1: kind of it's it's very odd anatomically, which we can 392 00:23:36,760 --> 00:23:41,840 Speaker 1: get into um. So one of the most uh. One 393 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,080 Speaker 1: of the theories is that it's it's just basically am 394 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:51,360 Speaker 1: mating a sexual uh dimorphism kind of mating display attributes. 395 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:55,719 Speaker 1: So uh, it's this showy thing that maybe helps with mating, 396 00:23:55,760 --> 00:24:01,320 Speaker 1: maybe helps male narwhal's kind of face off. Um. And 397 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 1: that would make sense because females don't have it. But 398 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:09,120 Speaker 1: the weird part about that is that the tusk itself 399 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:14,240 Speaker 1: is very specialized. So UM. A lot of researchers argue 400 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:18,200 Speaker 1: that the tusk is actually this big sensory organ because 401 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:22,640 Speaker 1: it contains millions of nerve endings and it's actually composed 402 00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:27,040 Speaker 1: not of hard enamel not it's not just this insensitive 403 00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:32,400 Speaker 1: kind of uh you know, prong, it's the it's composed 404 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,840 Speaker 1: of like the sensitive parts of the tooth UM. And 405 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:39,439 Speaker 1: so it's thought that maybe it's collecting information about the water. 406 00:24:40,119 --> 00:24:42,639 Speaker 1: And there's even this theory that, like when you see 407 00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:46,679 Speaker 1: male narwhal's rubbing their tusks together, that instead of fighting, 408 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:52,000 Speaker 1: their sharing sensory information. UM. So one of the proponents 409 00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:56,680 Speaker 1: of this theory is Martin Nuila. Uh. He's a Harvard 410 00:24:56,840 --> 00:25:02,880 Speaker 1: University marine dental expert UM and UH think his research 411 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:06,680 Speaker 1: team thinks that this is sharing info about the tusks 412 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:10,760 Speaker 1: rubbing together, is sharing info about the salinity and other 413 00:25:10,840 --> 00:25:13,919 Speaker 1: characteristics of the water that they've traveled through. And so 414 00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:16,960 Speaker 1: this is this is why they think this may be 415 00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:20,119 Speaker 1: the case. So the narwhale tusk is very different from 416 00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:24,240 Speaker 1: human and even other mammalian teeth. UM. So, I don't 417 00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:26,119 Speaker 1: know have you guys talked about are you guys going 418 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:30,399 Speaker 1: to talk about the anatomical features of the human teeth 419 00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:33,840 Speaker 1: on the show? Bromin not in today's episode those I'm 420 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:35,480 Speaker 1: sure it's come up before. I mean, we know that 421 00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:39,159 Speaker 1: teeth aren't the same as bones. They've got these different 422 00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:43,600 Speaker 1: layers of different density and material, right, right, So just 423 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:46,760 Speaker 1: a just a quick refresher. Then it's there's a hard 424 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:50,760 Speaker 1: outer layer of an animal um and an inner layer 425 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:54,119 Speaker 1: of denton, and then inside of that is the pulp 426 00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:59,080 Speaker 1: which contains nerve endings and blood vessels. And hopefully you 427 00:25:59,160 --> 00:26:01,920 Speaker 1: don't really feel that too much. If you do, you 428 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:09,200 Speaker 1: might have a cavity. Um uh. And then the root 429 00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:13,760 Speaker 1: of the tooth is covered in cementum, which is this 430 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:19,200 Speaker 1: special calcified substance that contains these little, teeny tiny canals 431 00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:23,399 Speaker 1: that actually help root the teeth to the alviolar bone 432 00:26:24,080 --> 00:26:28,760 Speaker 1: by connecting to what's called the periodontal ligament. Which that's 433 00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:31,600 Speaker 1: a bunch of words that I barely even know what 434 00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:36,080 Speaker 1: they mean. So um, it's um. Basically, your teeth isn't 435 00:26:36,119 --> 00:26:40,160 Speaker 1: just rooted in by sort of those the main pointy roots. 436 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:43,000 Speaker 1: It doesn't just sit in the bed it's attached by 437 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:47,000 Speaker 1: all these little tiny fibers um that anchor the tooth 438 00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:53,120 Speaker 1: to the surrounding tissue into the surrounding bone um. That's 439 00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:55,280 Speaker 1: why it's not just easy to pop a tooth out 440 00:26:56,359 --> 00:27:00,240 Speaker 1: um and so, and that's that's a very sin instead 441 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:02,840 Speaker 1: of part of the tooth, as you can imagine, because 442 00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:07,240 Speaker 1: it's it's permeable, it can all these fibers can go 443 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:10,760 Speaker 1: through it. In our walls, the entire outside of the 444 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:15,280 Speaker 1: tusk is covered in this permeable cementum, so like the 445 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:18,080 Speaker 1: stuff that's really basically only in the root of our 446 00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:22,000 Speaker 1: teeth is the entire nor wall tusk. And instead of 447 00:27:22,119 --> 00:27:26,040 Speaker 1: using those little channels, uh, those little holes that are 448 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:31,280 Speaker 1: all throughout the cementum to anchor it, they actually seawater 449 00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:34,760 Speaker 1: traverses through it through passages in the inner layer of 450 00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:38,119 Speaker 1: denton and into the pulp where it contacts nerve endings, 451 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:42,159 Speaker 1: which sounds yeah, which sounds very unpleasant. So it doesn't 452 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:46,320 Speaker 1: it seems intuitively, it seems that there's got to be 453 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:50,760 Speaker 1: a reason for this, the fact that seawater can just 454 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:54,600 Speaker 1: get in touch with nerve endings, because otherwise that just 455 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:57,359 Speaker 1: seems very uncomfortable, right, like, don't you want some holes 456 00:27:57,359 --> 00:28:00,280 Speaker 1: in your teeth for the ice water to get in? Like, 457 00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:02,280 Speaker 1: imagine if your tooth had a big old hole in 458 00:28:02,320 --> 00:28:05,639 Speaker 1: it and then you dove into some super cold water, 459 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:10,840 Speaker 1: that would be not not the best feeling. So uh. 460 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:14,640 Speaker 1: The one of the theories that this may be advantageous 461 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:18,840 Speaker 1: is that it could be used to detect salinity in 462 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:21,720 Speaker 1: the water. And the reason this is important is that 463 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:26,159 Speaker 1: high salt concentration can indicate that ice is forming, and 464 00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:28,520 Speaker 1: narwhals don't want to get trapped in the ice. So 465 00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:31,560 Speaker 1: if there's a real high salinity, uh, they may know 466 00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:33,560 Speaker 1: to leave that area because they don't want to get 467 00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:38,040 Speaker 1: stuck in ice formations. Um. But it's it's really important 468 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,040 Speaker 1: to note that the science on this has been far 469 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:43,880 Speaker 1: from settled. There's a lot of argument about that if 470 00:28:43,920 --> 00:28:46,959 Speaker 1: this is an important sensory organ, then why isn't this 471 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,440 Speaker 1: present in female narwhal's Uh. That seems like kind of 472 00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:54,960 Speaker 1: a big oversight um. And the fact that a lot 473 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:59,280 Speaker 1: of times sexual dimorphism of features like a like a 474 00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:04,440 Speaker 1: big tuss usually indicates that it's involved in mating displays. 475 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:08,280 Speaker 1: But I do think that there must be It seems 476 00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:11,840 Speaker 1: like there's likely some utility to the tusks, So I 477 00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:14,760 Speaker 1: think it could be a kind of rare situation where 478 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:19,080 Speaker 1: maybe it was initially used in mating and then the 479 00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:22,760 Speaker 1: some of the features of it, like these these channels 480 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:25,960 Speaker 1: that allow salt water to flow into the nerves could 481 00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:30,680 Speaker 1: now have some utility that the narwhal's use. So it's 482 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:33,160 Speaker 1: it's hard to say. Uh. And I'm really interested to 483 00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:35,920 Speaker 1: see kind of track that see what researchers come up 484 00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:39,080 Speaker 1: with in the future. So kind of like maybe if 485 00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:42,760 Speaker 1: like a stag's antlers got gained the ability to sense 486 00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:47,239 Speaker 1: the storm has come in or right, yeah, exactly, all right, 487 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:48,880 Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick break, but when we come 488 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:55,680 Speaker 1: back more with Katie Golden than all right, we're back. 489 00:29:56,080 --> 00:29:59,720 Speaker 1: So I have a question, Katie. I have seen images 490 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:03,480 Speaker 1: all over the internet, often unlabeled and mem ified, of 491 00:30:03,760 --> 00:30:07,000 Speaker 1: a creepy looking fish that has human teeth. Do you 492 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:09,960 Speaker 1: do you know what that is? Yeah, it's a sheep's 493 00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:13,840 Speaker 1: head fish. Uh. And they do have creepy looking human 494 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:18,320 Speaker 1: like teeth. Um, that's not it's one of those rare 495 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,720 Speaker 1: images that's actually not photoshopped, because I've seen all sorts 496 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,160 Speaker 1: of photoshop things of like, oh, look at this animal 497 00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,000 Speaker 1: with their weird teeth. It's just like, no, you just 498 00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:30,240 Speaker 1: photoshop some human teeth, because there's like some sort of 499 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:33,719 Speaker 1: a cephalopot image that is maybe not photoshop, but just 500 00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:37,400 Speaker 1: like the way that they the specimen was arranged, it 501 00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:39,800 Speaker 1: makes it look like it has human teeth. Well, this 502 00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:42,160 Speaker 1: tradition goes all the way back to like the tabloid 503 00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:44,720 Speaker 1: newspapers of the nineteen nineties. I remember when I was 504 00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:47,840 Speaker 1: a kid, Uh, there was this thing that would be 505 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:50,320 Speaker 1: like a cat found with human teeth, and that would 506 00:30:50,320 --> 00:30:52,200 Speaker 1: be on the cover of the weekly World News and 507 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,240 Speaker 1: it's super creepy looking. Things that aren't humans shouldn't have 508 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:57,920 Speaker 1: human teeth or be able to smile. Yeah, I was 509 00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:00,520 Speaker 1: always thinking about that. What if my cat could smile? 510 00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:02,520 Speaker 1: It would be it would be disturbing. What would a 511 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:04,959 Speaker 1: cat have to think in order to smile? It wouldn't 512 00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:09,240 Speaker 1: be a good thought. But the sheep said, fish here 513 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:12,000 Speaker 1: is it's not it's not smiling, to be clear, but 514 00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:14,360 Speaker 1: does have these very human like teeth. So, I mean 515 00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:16,400 Speaker 1: the obvious question is what are what are they eating 516 00:31:16,720 --> 00:31:19,480 Speaker 1: that requires is this these chomp? This is a fish 517 00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:23,440 Speaker 1: that lives on Snickers bars. Yeah, it's it's it's not 518 00:31:23,520 --> 00:31:26,240 Speaker 1: only got these human teeth, but it's got lots of them, 519 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:30,800 Speaker 1: just rose and rose of them. Um, and it's. Yeah. 520 00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:34,440 Speaker 1: They're used to crush up the shells of their prey, 521 00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:40,640 Speaker 1: so they eat oysters, clams, bivalves, crabs, other crustaceans, you know, 522 00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:43,400 Speaker 1: so on and so forth, all those oh those crunchy, 523 00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:46,680 Speaker 1: delightful things you can eat in the ocean. Um, So 524 00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:48,720 Speaker 1: it can just it just kind of puts it in 525 00:31:48,760 --> 00:31:51,680 Speaker 1: there like it's going through a blender and crushes them 526 00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:56,040 Speaker 1: up with all with their many, many human like teeth. Wow, 527 00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:58,560 Speaker 1: that's well, I've got human like teeth and I can't 528 00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 1: crush up oyster shells. Well do you have tons of teeth? 529 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:09,120 Speaker 1: You have these guys? I bet this is why I 530 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,680 Speaker 1: have to steal other people's teeth. I finally found a justification. 531 00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:16,280 Speaker 1: I think if you shoved a few rows of denters 532 00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:21,680 Speaker 1: in your mouth, you could crush an oyster. Okay, I'll 533 00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:24,840 Speaker 1: take that under advisement. Uh so this is one of 534 00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:27,720 Speaker 1: your honorable mentions, right that it wasn't a main pick 535 00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:30,520 Speaker 1: for you, But the sheep's had fish. Yeah, I just 536 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:33,000 Speaker 1: don't know as much about this fish, but I do. 537 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:36,200 Speaker 1: I think these are ones that I would highly encourage 538 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:38,920 Speaker 1: you guys to google. Usually I say, don't google this 539 00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:42,000 Speaker 1: because it's disgusting, but these are really interesting, So google 540 00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:45,320 Speaker 1: sheep's head fish. Really cool you see rose and rows 541 00:32:45,320 --> 00:32:49,040 Speaker 1: of teeth. Another one to definitely google image is the 542 00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:53,240 Speaker 1: crab eater seal um. And it's, uh, it's this adorable 543 00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:55,880 Speaker 1: little you know how seals are. They're just these little 544 00:32:55,960 --> 00:33:01,120 Speaker 1: chunky balls of cuteness blubberry water dogs. Yeah, they're they're 545 00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:03,840 Speaker 1: a little they're a little water water boys with like 546 00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:07,560 Speaker 1: little round bodies and they're very cute, you know. They're 547 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:12,480 Speaker 1: they're found uh in an Antarctica um and they are uh. 548 00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:15,880 Speaker 1: They do eat they are also known as a they're 549 00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:20,480 Speaker 1: called crab eater seals, but they often eat krill. So, 550 00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:23,120 Speaker 1: but what's cool about these guys is if you look 551 00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:28,760 Speaker 1: at their teeth there, they're so trippy. Um. They have 552 00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:33,960 Speaker 1: these like whorls and spirals around uh and it looks 553 00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:39,280 Speaker 1: kind of like, um, almost like a Fibonacci sequence of teeth. 554 00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:41,600 Speaker 1: It's just like or what are those called, like a 555 00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:48,200 Speaker 1: fractal fract like like a psychedelic illustration or like a 556 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:52,160 Speaker 1: Mandelbrot set edge. Yeah. Yeah, it's like as if you 557 00:33:52,240 --> 00:33:54,480 Speaker 1: took a tooth, Like if you took a tooth and 558 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:57,280 Speaker 1: then just did the like swirl the what's it called 559 00:33:57,280 --> 00:34:00,640 Speaker 1: the swirl effect and photoshop a bunch of times. Yeah, 560 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:05,360 Speaker 1: they look like, yeah, they look photoshopped. It's like they're 561 00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:09,000 Speaker 1: really cool. Oh it's a it's also a coke snowflake 562 00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:12,160 Speaker 1: or a cotch snowflake, however you pronounced that, yeah, kinda. 563 00:34:12,480 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: Or it's like if Alex Gray designed a seal skull. 564 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:17,160 Speaker 1: I was almost gonna say Alex Gray because I know 565 00:34:17,239 --> 00:34:18,680 Speaker 1: that was where you were going to get out. Yeah, 566 00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:20,320 Speaker 1: these are impressive. I'm looking at some of these images 567 00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:25,000 Speaker 1: right now. Yeah, yeah, these these are amazing. So why 568 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:28,839 Speaker 1: do they have these fractal teeth. Well, it's they look 569 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:32,440 Speaker 1: really like they're designed to be these really nasty weapons 570 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:35,719 Speaker 1: to just like shred things apart. But I think what 571 00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:40,959 Speaker 1: they're actually used for is to uh strain smaller prey 572 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:43,480 Speaker 1: items like krill out of the water column, so they 573 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:47,480 Speaker 1: can get like this big gulp of seawater with some 574 00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:50,040 Speaker 1: krill and then they sort of force the water out 575 00:34:50,080 --> 00:34:52,000 Speaker 1: of their mouth and the krill get all caught up 576 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,040 Speaker 1: in their jankie teeth and then they can eat them, 577 00:34:54,239 --> 00:34:58,960 Speaker 1: sort of like the way that whale balein works. It 578 00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:04,920 Speaker 1: was like a alien jaw spider strainer. Yes, yeah, yeah, 579 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:09,160 Speaker 1: like a calendar teeth. Calendar's interesting. And then you have 580 00:35:09,239 --> 00:35:13,480 Speaker 1: one more in your honorable mention here. Um right, yeah, 581 00:35:13,640 --> 00:35:18,359 Speaker 1: So this is ah. This is an extinct species of 582 00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:23,839 Speaker 1: some kind of shark like fish. Um. It lived in 583 00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:29,600 Speaker 1: the early Permian uh era, like round three million years ago, 584 00:35:30,360 --> 00:35:38,040 Speaker 1: um and there uh scientific name is the helicoprion um. 585 00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:42,760 Speaker 1: And they just have a very very funny looking mouth 586 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:47,160 Speaker 1: because it looks like someone shoved a buzz saw on 587 00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:51,720 Speaker 1: their on their lower jaw. UM. I would definitely google 588 00:35:51,760 --> 00:35:54,880 Speaker 1: image this. It's also really funny to see the different 589 00:35:54,960 --> 00:35:57,480 Speaker 1: because we only have fossil records of this, we don't 590 00:35:57,880 --> 00:36:01,200 Speaker 1: know exactly how this jaw we're like where it fits 591 00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:04,880 Speaker 1: on the animal. So there's a lot of different interpretations 592 00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:09,760 Speaker 1: and illustrations of how this shark was put together. Um. 593 00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:14,359 Speaker 1: There's an drawing where it just super funny. It looks 594 00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:16,960 Speaker 1: like this nose. Um, So they put it on the 595 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:19,280 Speaker 1: top of the shark where it's just this curly nose 596 00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:22,960 Speaker 1: of teeth um. And then but I think a lot 597 00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:27,879 Speaker 1: more the more accepted kind of place to put this 598 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:31,719 Speaker 1: buzz saw of teeth is on the lower jaw on 599 00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:36,080 Speaker 1: the outside, and it really it's just like rows and 600 00:36:36,239 --> 00:36:39,799 Speaker 1: rows of many many sharp teeth that are just that 601 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:43,440 Speaker 1: look like some kind of freaky Tim Burton esque monster. 602 00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:46,879 Speaker 1: One appears, it appears that it sort of spirals out. 603 00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,160 Speaker 1: So does it have like new rows of teeth that 604 00:36:49,560 --> 00:36:52,360 Speaker 1: go down in it, like it gets bigger as it 605 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:56,560 Speaker 1: goes along through the spiral? Right? Yeah, I think And 606 00:36:56,880 --> 00:36:59,000 Speaker 1: you know, I'm not sure that they know exactly because 607 00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:02,920 Speaker 1: obviously we don't, there's not there's limited record of this shark. 608 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:08,480 Speaker 1: But I would guess it's similar to how um modern 609 00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:11,200 Speaker 1: sharks how they can push out teeth, So when they 610 00:37:11,239 --> 00:37:13,360 Speaker 1: lose teeth, they just have rows of teeth behind that 611 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:16,640 Speaker 1: they push out progressively, and that's how they solve their 612 00:37:16,760 --> 00:37:20,560 Speaker 1: dental problems, is they just replace them with new new teeth. Um. 613 00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:22,560 Speaker 1: So I would imagine that maybe this is a form 614 00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:24,719 Speaker 1: of that, where you know, it's kind of like a 615 00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:28,400 Speaker 1: you know what, what's that like that bubble gum that 616 00:37:28,480 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: came in those big coils like uh bubble tape, yeah, 617 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:36,520 Speaker 1: bubble tape um where you just keep or like a 618 00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:39,680 Speaker 1: pez dispenser, or you just keep on you're able to 619 00:37:39,760 --> 00:37:42,879 Speaker 1: keep pushing out new teeth. Um that I I don't 620 00:37:42,880 --> 00:37:45,279 Speaker 1: know though, It's it's hard to say because this is 621 00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:49,759 Speaker 1: a very weird fossil record. Uh. In all of the 622 00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:53,400 Speaker 1: illustrations I find of it, it's not represented in a 623 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:58,520 Speaker 1: way that looks like it could actually bite. So yeah, 624 00:37:57,760 --> 00:38:00,920 Speaker 1: I'm tempted to think that we have not figured out 625 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:05,320 Speaker 1: where the correct anatomical orientation of this yet or exactly 626 00:38:05,320 --> 00:38:09,160 Speaker 1: how it was just utilized. Yeah, yeah, so it's uh, 627 00:38:10,239 --> 00:38:14,280 Speaker 1: we don't know. I mean, I certainly don't know why 628 00:38:14,280 --> 00:38:17,440 Speaker 1: this would be good, Like because if you can imagine 629 00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:20,200 Speaker 1: just having a buzz soft teeth in your lower jaw, 630 00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:24,320 Speaker 1: how hard that would be to chew things. Doesn't seem 631 00:38:24,320 --> 00:38:29,400 Speaker 1: optimal and maybe that's why they're dead. Um, But there 632 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:32,719 Speaker 1: there is the proposal of like how this may have 633 00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:36,960 Speaker 1: worked is that um, there was like no teeth in 634 00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:42,040 Speaker 1: the top jaw except the like some crushing teeth, So 635 00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:46,160 Speaker 1: it's like a mortar and pestle kind of design, so 636 00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:49,040 Speaker 1: like the bottom thing could crush things up with this 637 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:52,440 Speaker 1: like buzz soft teeth, and then the top the top 638 00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:54,880 Speaker 1: part of the jaw would be like the mortar and 639 00:38:54,920 --> 00:38:56,840 Speaker 1: the bottom part would be the pestel and just like 640 00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:01,440 Speaker 1: grind grind, prey up. But it's all doesn't It just 641 00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:04,759 Speaker 1: doesn't look like it worked that good, like a like 642 00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:08,880 Speaker 1: a guillotine mouth, Like it's got a circular guillotine blade 643 00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:11,279 Speaker 1: and it goes into the like catcher, which is the 644 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:15,520 Speaker 1: upper jaw. Yeah, it's one of those things where it 645 00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:19,600 Speaker 1: looks like a child's idea of a scary monster. So 646 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:22,520 Speaker 1: when you're thinking, oh, well, you just put a buzz 647 00:39:22,520 --> 00:39:25,160 Speaker 1: saw in its mouth and it looks super awesome and cool. 648 00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:28,839 Speaker 1: But then when you think about it, there's probably a 649 00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:31,400 Speaker 1: reason that this shark did not win out in the 650 00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:35,960 Speaker 1: evolutionary arms race. Yeah, lost to the uh, the recently 651 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:41,440 Speaker 1: evolved chainsaw whale. Well, it reminds me remember battle Bots, 652 00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:45,200 Speaker 1: the TV show a little fighting robots where it was 653 00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:47,920 Speaker 1: always counterintuitive, like a lot of the ones that seemed 654 00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:51,640 Speaker 1: like they had the best weapons did not always ruin exactly. 655 00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,200 Speaker 1: So you have one with big chainsaw on it, You're like, oh, 656 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:57,320 Speaker 1: this one's gonna just wreck and then some little wedge 657 00:39:57,360 --> 00:40:00,759 Speaker 1: shaped one knocks it over and winds. We had a 658 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,680 Speaker 1: little flippers. There were the ones that excelled. Yeah, it 659 00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:07,799 Speaker 1: was always the wedges, like our like our friend the beaver. Uh, 660 00:40:08,080 --> 00:40:11,480 Speaker 1: that wedge shape is just so good. Yeah, it's hard 661 00:40:11,480 --> 00:40:14,600 Speaker 1: to beat an inclined plane. Now, all right, well, I 662 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:16,920 Speaker 1: think that that brings us to the end where we 663 00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,319 Speaker 1: need to wrap up today. But before we do that, 664 00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:22,360 Speaker 1: first of all, if you are not subscribed to Creature 665 00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:25,560 Speaker 1: Feature yet, subscribe to Creature Feature right now. Subscribe to 666 00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:30,120 Speaker 1: Creature Feature right now, right now. Katie enticed them what 667 00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:32,360 Speaker 1: what is coming up on Creature Feature? What will have 668 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:36,080 Speaker 1: aired recently when this comes out? Yeah, so the episode 669 00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:39,440 Speaker 1: that's out right now as of this recording is uh 670 00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:42,400 Speaker 1: one on tool use. Um. I have My guest is 671 00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:46,080 Speaker 1: Carmen Angelica. She's a delight and it's it's really fun 672 00:40:46,120 --> 00:40:49,960 Speaker 1: because we talk about tools of the trade, tools of torture, 673 00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:53,960 Speaker 1: and tools of love. So it's kind of runs the 674 00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:57,319 Speaker 1: gamut in terms of what can be used as a tool. Uh, 675 00:40:57,360 --> 00:41:01,120 Speaker 1: and it's there's some surprising twists and turns are um 676 00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:06,000 Speaker 1: and Uh. The one I'm recording for next week is 677 00:41:06,080 --> 00:41:09,239 Speaker 1: going to be on. Animals that you don't think you 678 00:41:09,280 --> 00:41:11,920 Speaker 1: should be afraid of look pretty innocent and harmless, but 679 00:41:12,040 --> 00:41:16,960 Speaker 1: are really actually extremely deadly. Um and I'll probably also 680 00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:20,640 Speaker 1: be correcting the record on the line, king, Wait a minute, 681 00:41:20,719 --> 00:41:22,839 Speaker 1: Animals that you don't think you should be afraid of, 682 00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:26,239 Speaker 1: but you should. Our geese on the list? Is it geese? Hey? Yeah, 683 00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:29,560 Speaker 1: geese is the whole thing. That's That's the only thing 684 00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:33,799 Speaker 1: I'm talking about on that episode. Well, they at least 685 00:41:33,800 --> 00:41:37,319 Speaker 1: deserve a nod. Those things are scary. Yeah, speaking, have 686 00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:40,480 Speaker 1: you seen like the geese that have teeth? No, I 687 00:41:40,520 --> 00:41:44,080 Speaker 1: don't think so. They're not really teeth, they're just deserrated beak. 688 00:41:44,160 --> 00:41:49,160 Speaker 1: But boy do they look unpleasantrated beak sounds very unpleasant. Okay, Well, 689 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:51,839 Speaker 1: thanks so much for joining us today, Katie. It's been 690 00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:54,080 Speaker 1: so much fun. Yeah for sure. Thanks for having me 691 00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:57,319 Speaker 1: again anytime, and one last time. Where can people find 692 00:41:57,360 --> 00:41:59,960 Speaker 1: Creature Feature. Yeah, so, you can find us on our 693 00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:04,560 Speaker 1: website Creature feature pod dot com. We're on Twitter Creature 694 00:42:04,640 --> 00:42:08,719 Speaker 1: feet Pod, and on Instagram Creature Feature Pod. Uh and 695 00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:13,360 Speaker 1: of course we're on Apple, Apple iTunes, We're on the 696 00:42:13,400 --> 00:42:15,719 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app or pretty much anywhere. You get 697 00:42:15,719 --> 00:42:20,239 Speaker 1: your podcasts anywhere, folks, there's no excuse, no excuse. All right, Well, 698 00:42:20,239 --> 00:42:22,239 Speaker 1: thanks so much and we'll maybe we'll talk to you 699 00:42:22,280 --> 00:42:25,040 Speaker 1: again soon, yeah, I hope so. All right, And if 700 00:42:25,080 --> 00:42:27,320 Speaker 1: you want to check out more Stuff to Blow your Mind, 701 00:42:27,520 --> 00:42:29,719 Speaker 1: we have a website, Stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. 702 00:42:29,840 --> 00:42:31,600 Speaker 1: You can go there. And if you want to support 703 00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:33,080 Speaker 1: our show, the best thing you can do is make 704 00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:36,000 Speaker 1: sure you have subscribed to us, subscribe to our other 705 00:42:36,040 --> 00:42:39,400 Speaker 1: show Invention as well, and wherever you have the power 706 00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:41,719 Speaker 1: to do so, just leave us a nice review, leave 707 00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:44,880 Speaker 1: us a nice assortment of stars that helps out the 708 00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:47,880 Speaker 1: show in the long run. Hughes, thanks as always to 709 00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:51,440 Speaker 1: our excellent audio producer, Maya Cole. 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