WEBVTT - The Murder Mystery of Ötzi the Iceman 0:00:00.560 --> 0:00:06.800 Cuckoo Seattle. We're coming to see you. Yes, and your 0:00:06.840 --> 0:00:08.960 little horn announcement is one of my favorite things that 0:00:09.000 --> 0:00:11.960 you do because I know it means we're going to 0:00:12.000 --> 0:00:14.400 do a live show, and in this case, we're going 0:00:14.480 --> 0:00:18.000 to the great state of Washington, the greatest city in 0:00:18.040 --> 0:00:22.280 the United States, Seattle, at the greatest theater in the world. 0:00:22.560 --> 0:00:25.200 The more the more we're going back. It's like our 0:00:25.239 --> 0:00:27.720 home away from home in Seattle. We're going to be 0:00:27.760 --> 0:00:32.159 there Thursday, January, and tickets are already on sale and 0:00:32.200 --> 0:00:37.760 they're going like like uh Washington hotcakes, which is fast. Yeah, 0:00:37.760 --> 0:00:39.760 they're going like chew car cherries. And you know what, 0:00:40.040 --> 0:00:41.400 you want to save the few bucks, I think you 0:00:41.400 --> 0:00:43.800 can even go to the box office there buy them 0:00:43.800 --> 0:00:47.319 without those internet fees. Yes, Or if you don't care 0:00:47.360 --> 0:00:48.800 and you just want to buy them on the internet, 0:00:49.040 --> 0:00:51.360 you can go to s y s K live dot 0:00:51.440 --> 0:00:53.760 com and follow the links there and it will take 0:00:53.800 --> 0:00:55.960 you right to the beautiful ticket site. And also, f 0:00:56.120 --> 0:00:58.640 y I, if you go to buy tickets in person, 0:00:58.720 --> 0:01:00.400 you want to go to the box office of the 0:01:00.440 --> 0:01:04.480 Paramount Theater downtown, not the more the Paramount. We'll see 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:08.280 you guys in January. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, 0:01:08.520 --> 0:01:17.120 a production of I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 0:01:17.200 --> 0:01:20.360 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh. There's Chuck, and 0:01:20.520 --> 0:01:23.560 there's guest producer Josh over there, which makes this Stuff 0:01:23.560 --> 0:01:28.680 you Should Know all inclusive, and guest ghost host Chuck. 0:01:29.800 --> 0:01:31.560 Are you a ghost? Now? Did you die? No? I 0:01:31.640 --> 0:01:33.040 just thought if there was two josh is in here, 0:01:33.040 --> 0:01:35.280 I feel a little left out. Oh I see and 0:01:35.400 --> 0:01:38.040 ganged up on. Yeah, I just I had no clever 0:01:38.080 --> 0:01:40.560 way to say it. Ghost host, You're right about that. 0:01:40.880 --> 0:01:43.679 My mouth is working today, my brain, that's all right. 0:01:43.920 --> 0:01:46.959 It's been a long week already. It's only Tuesday, really, right, 0:01:47.400 --> 0:01:50.400 is it just me? No, it's been a long week. 0:01:50.640 --> 0:01:52.720 I mean today's like I know, I don't want to complain. 0:01:52.840 --> 0:01:56.600 Never mind, everything's great. Hey, let me ask you something. 0:01:56.720 --> 0:01:59.120 Does OATSI have a noom loud or not? Yes, it's 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:02.000 it's okay. It rhymes with tutsie. I saw someone put it. 0:02:02.040 --> 0:02:06.400 I think are good friends at Smithsonian Magazine. It's there's 0:02:06.440 --> 0:02:09.360 a bit of an R in there. Yeah. I like, 0:02:09.480 --> 0:02:15.600 let's see alright, like Tutsie roll the dead Mummy. Let's see. 0:02:16.040 --> 0:02:18.520 This is a good one. This is exciting. I've been 0:02:18.600 --> 0:02:20.519 wanting to do one on this one too. I had to. 0:02:20.880 --> 0:02:24.959 But in what spurned spurned or spurred? Spurned is where 0:02:24.960 --> 0:02:29.280 you say get away and spurs like go ahead? Okay, nice, 0:02:29.360 --> 0:02:32.320 Yeah that makes sense because you're using your spurs spurred. Sure, 0:02:32.400 --> 0:02:35.320 I'm sure that's where that comes from. Surely, Okay, we 0:02:35.639 --> 0:02:40.120 chuck just blew my mind? Uh what spurred this was there? 0:02:40.440 --> 0:02:43.640 Let's see made some news recently because they managed to 0:02:43.680 --> 0:02:47.760 trace his last like day and a half, really like 0:02:47.800 --> 0:02:50.639 in the past few days even, Yeah, and about fifty 0:02:50.680 --> 0:02:53.320 three years ago. He had the same thoughts that we 0:02:53.360 --> 0:02:55.480 had when we started this podcast. He's like, it's only 0:02:55.520 --> 0:02:59.440 Tuesday and this has been a long night already, a long, deadly, 0:02:59.480 --> 0:03:01.880 bloody week. Yeah. I've been interested in this since I 0:03:01.919 --> 0:03:06.919 saw the facial reconstruction photos. I was like, let's he 0:03:07.120 --> 0:03:11.560 was Jack Palance Chris Christofferson? Is that? Okay dude? A 0:03:11.600 --> 0:03:15.720 little bit of both. No, It's like they said, Mr Christofferson, 0:03:15.760 --> 0:03:17.239 please come in so we can. Well, now that I 0:03:17.280 --> 0:03:21.280 think about it, Christofferson and Jack Palance are have some similarities. 0:03:21.680 --> 0:03:24.560 If you put a beard on Jack Palance, really yeah, sure, 0:03:24.600 --> 0:03:30.160 squinty eyes. Yeah, I guess sound this sh face. Yeah, 0:03:30.520 --> 0:03:34.920 I guess you could see both. Christofferson, Man, what a legend. Remember, yeah, 0:03:35.160 --> 0:03:40.080 look there's Chris Christofferson kidding. That's let's see. Yeah, I 0:03:40.120 --> 0:03:44.200 mean it's me and Bobby McGee right there. Exactly did 0:03:44.200 --> 0:03:47.560 you see that Ken Burns documentary? Now I didn't not yet. 0:03:47.640 --> 0:03:49.520 You haven't yet. Still No, I went to buy it 0:03:49.560 --> 0:03:52.040 the other day and I just have not yet. So good. 0:03:52.280 --> 0:03:55.280 He's gonna buy that stuff, right, yeah, all right. I 0:03:55.320 --> 0:03:56.600 just didn't know if there was a work around and 0:03:56.600 --> 0:03:58.400 you're like, oh, no, dude, here's what you do. Um, 0:03:58.880 --> 0:04:01.680 I mean, I'll buy it. It's like t Bucks. Oh wow, 0:04:02.200 --> 0:04:04.600 PBS gives it away for free. What do you got 0:04:04.720 --> 0:04:07.920 some PBS connection? No, it was on PBS for a while. 0:04:08.080 --> 0:04:09.880 Oh do you have cable or something? See, I don't 0:04:09.920 --> 0:04:11.720 have I don't even think you have to have cable. 0:04:11.920 --> 0:04:15.839 Oh you mean like, um, like you just stream? Yes, 0:04:16.440 --> 0:04:19.400 you're you're up the creek. I thought you meant, now, 0:04:19.400 --> 0:04:21.600 you don't have to have cable to get PBS. You 0:04:21.720 --> 0:04:26.479 just like help people in the world and just beams 0:04:26.520 --> 0:04:28.359 under your eyelids. You know what I was thinking? You 0:04:28.360 --> 0:04:30.200 have to stand there and hold like a coat hanger 0:04:30.240 --> 0:04:32.440 a certain way in your TV. In the other hand, 0:04:33.320 --> 0:04:35.880 you can get PBS. I'm gonna buy it though it 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:38.200 looks great, why not? It is good, and I would 0:04:38.200 --> 0:04:40.920 say I would, I would say it's worth roughly sixty 0:04:41.320 --> 0:04:44.000 it's pretty good. But anyway, Chris christoffers and figures big 0:04:44.040 --> 0:04:45.920 into one of the episode like it's not worth more 0:04:45.920 --> 0:04:49.320 than forty five, go ahead and pay right because it 0:04:49.320 --> 0:04:52.560 goes to Kim Burns hairdresser. That's right, and that's a 0:04:53.040 --> 0:04:55.320 quite a collection of brushes that person has to maintain. 0:04:55.480 --> 0:05:00.480 But Chris Christofferson has interviewed like today and thing he 0:05:00.560 --> 0:05:03.680 looks exactly like let's see now. Well, I try to 0:05:03.680 --> 0:05:06.039 get him on movie Crush because he played the City Winery, 0:05:06.520 --> 0:05:09.279 which is like attached to our building basically, So I 0:05:09.279 --> 0:05:11.520 will try and get people from over there on the 0:05:11.520 --> 0:05:13.680 basis of like are you gonna do? Was walk over there? 0:05:14.200 --> 0:05:18.440 Called the parking lot right his His manager emailed me 0:05:18.480 --> 0:05:21.880 back and said, and this should hearten you as well, 0:05:21.880 --> 0:05:24.159 said I'm actually it's stuff you should know. Fan the 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:27.760 manager and said, but you know what, um, he doesn't 0:05:27.760 --> 0:05:30.440 really do interviews anymore. So maybe I just got the 0:05:30.440 --> 0:05:33.960 the easy, the easy paths, but man, I really wanted 0:05:33.960 --> 0:05:36.479 that one to come through to dude in this office. 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:40.280 That would have been pretty special. But I'm no Kin Burns. 0:05:41.040 --> 0:05:46.200 No who is kin Burns? Yeah that's true. All right, 0:05:46.279 --> 0:05:49.760 let's talk. Should we take a break, Let's go back, 0:05:49.880 --> 0:05:51.960 chuck a little bit, let's get in the way back machine. 0:05:51.960 --> 0:06:00.400 It's been a little while. Okay, we're gonna go back, 0:06:00.520 --> 0:06:02.839 and we even know exactly when we're going back to 0:06:03.440 --> 0:06:10.920 one pm on September. Whoa one. I'm I'm in college. 0:06:11.440 --> 0:06:14.040 It's a salad days. I'm wearing a Flavor Flavor clock 0:06:14.120 --> 0:06:21.760 around my neck. I was a sophomore in high school. Yeah, 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:23.839 that's all I have to say about that. I never 0:06:24.000 --> 0:06:27.000 wore the Flavor Flavor clock. But trying to let that 0:06:27.040 --> 0:06:29.840 be well, I should have. I was not cool enough, 0:06:29.880 --> 0:06:32.640 but I was listening to Apocalypse. You know what I'm saying. 0:06:32.680 --> 0:06:35.720 You shouldn't have admitted that you didn't work, But no 0:06:35.800 --> 0:06:37.520 one believe that. You know, I'm not that cool. You know. 0:06:37.560 --> 0:06:40.240 Aaron Cooper made a pretty awesome one of my favorite 0:06:40.240 --> 0:06:43.080 ones of all time. It was us as Public Enemy, 0:06:43.279 --> 0:06:45.279 and I think I'm flavor flavor in it. But you 0:06:45.320 --> 0:06:49.440 look like Chuck D. And it's cool. It's a cool 0:06:49.480 --> 0:06:51.320 photo shop of us. I tried to get Chuck D 0:06:51.400 --> 0:06:54.440 on Movie Crushed too. Did he play the city Winery? No, 0:06:54.640 --> 0:06:56.960 but he lives in Atlanta. I didn't know that and 0:06:57.240 --> 0:06:59.880 at least part time, Boy did he say he did 0:07:00.040 --> 0:07:02.440 say anything because the management company at email said we 0:07:02.480 --> 0:07:05.400 don't manage him anymore. So it was just a dead end. 0:07:05.520 --> 0:07:08.080 I got you the Chuck the If you're listening Pont 0:07:08.080 --> 0:07:11.280 City Market, let's come, let's talk about your favorite movie. 0:07:11.920 --> 0:07:16.880 Right and also shout out to Chris Christofferson's manager. That's right, 0:07:16.960 --> 0:07:19.080 of course. Alright, boy, we're gonna have to go back 0:07:19.080 --> 0:07:20.960 and ed it all this happened. No, it's one thirty 0:07:21.040 --> 0:07:25.800 pm e septemb and we are hiking with Erica and 0:07:25.800 --> 0:07:30.080 Helmut Simon there German. But we are hiking in the 0:07:30.120 --> 0:07:34.520 oats all Alps in Italy. Yes, between Italy and Austria, 0:07:34.520 --> 0:07:36.920 like right on the border, very close to the border. 0:07:37.080 --> 0:07:40.440 Um and on this peak the uh. The Simons decided 0:07:40.520 --> 0:07:43.080 that as they were descending that they would take a 0:07:43.080 --> 0:07:46.160 short cut, and the shortcut took him through this past 0:07:46.320 --> 0:07:51.080 pastor crevasse and in this little shallow crevasse, they said, oh, 0:07:51.280 --> 0:07:54.520 there's a there's a dead body. There's a corpse. And 0:07:54.560 --> 0:07:58.240 you were like what I was because we were there too, 0:07:58.400 --> 0:08:03.600 right yeah, And I said it's right time, boy, right exactly. Um, yeah, 0:08:03.640 --> 0:08:07.240 that's great. So the thing is is they could they 0:08:07.240 --> 0:08:09.200 could see it was I could ever like they could 0:08:09.200 --> 0:08:13.880 see the corpses, back, back of the head, arm hanging out, um. 0:08:14.000 --> 0:08:16.200 And they just thought, well, we heard that there was 0:08:16.240 --> 0:08:18.840 a hiker that was recently killed, and that's probably who 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:20.880 that is. We'll take a couple of pictures and go 0:08:20.960 --> 0:08:23.640 down and tell somebody who owns like the nearest lodge. 0:08:24.080 --> 0:08:25.720 And on the way down, you and I are going like, 0:08:25.960 --> 0:08:29.040 that was not a hiker that was recently killed. Even 0:08:29.120 --> 0:08:31.360 I knew that, Like, did you see that guy? He 0:08:31.520 --> 0:08:35.439 was super old. He was a mummy. The Simons are crazy, 0:08:35.679 --> 0:08:39.600 and the Simon's were not crazy, but I'm sure they 0:08:39.600 --> 0:08:41.080 were saying the same thing. They were just out of 0:08:41.080 --> 0:08:44.920 your shot, right. So they they some people went up 0:08:45.000 --> 0:08:46.720 and I think within a day or two they went 0:08:46.800 --> 0:08:49.640 up to try to get this dead hiker who they 0:08:49.640 --> 0:08:51.839 thought was a dead hiker out and they did a 0:08:51.960 --> 0:08:55.960 terrible job with it. They used ski poles to chip 0:08:55.960 --> 0:08:59.719 away at the ice. They used an ice hammer to 0:09:00.040 --> 0:09:03.760 chip away at the ice. Um damaged the body. But 0:09:03.880 --> 0:09:06.320 they think, well, it's just like some hiker or whatever. 0:09:06.360 --> 0:09:08.400 It will be fine. Put him in a wooden cast 0:09:08.520 --> 0:09:11.440 it um. And this article makes it sound like he 0:09:12.040 --> 0:09:15.000 like the whole world or everybody who knew about this body. 0:09:15.400 --> 0:09:18.320 I just thought it was a modern hiker for you know, 0:09:18.960 --> 0:09:21.720 a while, until the body came down the mountains. That's 0:09:21.760 --> 0:09:24.440 not the case. One of the things that when they 0:09:24.480 --> 0:09:29.680 were getting this body out the accidentally excavated was a 0:09:29.720 --> 0:09:33.080 copper headed axe, and word got out that there was 0:09:33.120 --> 0:09:35.640 an axe with this body, and that is really weird 0:09:36.960 --> 0:09:40.240 copper with like a wooden shaft and everything was clearly 0:09:40.280 --> 0:09:44.360 a very very very old um axe. And so pretty 0:09:44.400 --> 0:09:47.640 quickly they realized that they were onto something here for sure. 0:09:47.760 --> 0:09:52.920 And what they found out was this body hi frozen body. 0:09:53.120 --> 0:09:56.840 One of my favorite Simpsons lines ever five thousand years old. 0:09:57.200 --> 0:10:00.360 That's the same like, same little bit as he goes 0:10:00.400 --> 0:10:09.559 moon pie a not a Abes buddy. What's his name? 0:10:09.679 --> 0:10:12.120 Oh man, it will become me later, I'll say it. 0:10:12.360 --> 0:10:19.920 People are screaming. I can picture him now, Oh what 0:10:20.040 --> 0:10:22.320 is it? I want to say, like Chauncey or Chalmers? 0:10:22.400 --> 0:10:25.920 Is not that very similar to that? Honestly? All right, 0:10:25.920 --> 0:10:29.480 I'm gonna keep going. So they get this body out 0:10:29.520 --> 0:10:34.400 and UM removed it on September, sealed it up, like 0:10:34.480 --> 0:10:37.360 you said, flew it out of town in a wooden 0:10:37.400 --> 0:10:41.960 coffin to Ennsbruck, the Institute of Forensic Medicine. And there 0:10:42.000 --> 0:10:46.520 was an archaeologist named Conrad Spindler there who said, uh, 0:10:46.640 --> 0:10:48.959 this body is at least four thousand years old, at 0:10:48.960 --> 0:10:54.480 the very least. What's abes friends name, Jasper Beard? Of course, 0:10:54.880 --> 0:10:59.600 so they nicknamed the Utsi because of the region of 0:10:59.640 --> 0:11:02.640 the all Alps. Very cute little name it is. Other 0:11:02.679 --> 0:11:06.040 people call him frozen Fritz. Really yeah, I like, let's 0:11:06.000 --> 0:11:11.839 see way more so. Um. In pretty short order they 0:11:11.880 --> 0:11:15.840 realized that what they had just excavated in the roughest 0:11:15.840 --> 0:11:20.720 possible manner and accidentally come upon was the corpse of 0:11:20.880 --> 0:11:26.040 a fifty three hundred year old body. Yes, And when 0:11:26.040 --> 0:11:28.280 I said the guy said it was four thousand years old? 0:11:28.559 --> 0:11:30.800 He he said that was the initial Like he's at 0:11:30.880 --> 0:11:33.320 least this old, right, But it turns out that after 0:11:33.360 --> 0:11:36.000 further study, they figured out he was actually fifty years 0:11:36.000 --> 0:11:39.000 old and that he lived in the Copper Age, which 0:11:39.080 --> 0:11:41.880 was a relatively brief period in human history, but a 0:11:41.920 --> 0:11:46.880 really important one um between the Neolithic Age at the 0:11:47.000 --> 0:11:49.480 end of the Neolithic Age when the first farmers started 0:11:49.480 --> 0:11:51.960 to appear, and the Bronze Age, when the first what 0:11:52.040 --> 0:11:57.200 we consider society and civilization in history began. And we 0:11:57.240 --> 0:12:01.400 know very little about this, and what hikers had discovered 0:12:01.960 --> 0:12:06.920 was a snapshot of life during that time because let's see, 0:12:07.040 --> 0:12:10.800 appeared to have just died where he fell where he died, 0:12:11.960 --> 0:12:14.440 or died where he fell. Yeah, it was almost there 0:12:14.880 --> 0:12:18.200 um and leaving his his belongings with him, and it 0:12:18.280 --> 0:12:21.679 wasn't he wasn't like a great revered figure. He wasn't buried, 0:12:21.679 --> 0:12:26.240 he wasn't prepared. He was kept intact for fifty years 0:12:26.240 --> 0:12:28.640 on this glacier. Yeah, that was the biggest deal because 0:12:28.640 --> 0:12:30.920 they have mummies, and they have older mummies, but like 0:12:30.960 --> 0:12:34.040 you said, it's their organs are removed. They're filled with 0:12:34.960 --> 0:12:38.040 you know, embalming chemicals and things they used at the 0:12:38.080 --> 0:12:42.679 time for preservation for the afterlife and all this. So 0:12:42.760 --> 0:12:45.920 this was a really big deal. To find this body 0:12:46.080 --> 0:12:51.120 just really really scarily well preserved. And when we say 0:12:51.160 --> 0:12:56.640 well preserved, it doesn't look like Chris Christofferson but not anymore. 0:12:56.679 --> 0:12:59.440 The organs were there and like didn't the red blood 0:12:59.440 --> 0:13:05.000 cells have still intact. Yeah, it's the oldest intact blood 0:13:05.040 --> 0:13:08.920 sample ever taken. Um Let's sees was so and the 0:13:08.960 --> 0:13:14.640 fact that he wasn't buried provides a snapshot. It wasn't ritualized. 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:17.360 It was this guy was just living his life and 0:13:17.400 --> 0:13:20.560 he died and happened to be preserved perfectly. So his 0:13:20.640 --> 0:13:23.800 belongings were preserved along with them and things that are 0:13:23.920 --> 0:13:28.960 organic and typically typically um decay long before years comes 0:13:28.960 --> 0:13:32.160 and goes. So his clothing made of like different types 0:13:32.200 --> 0:13:37.040 of leather was preserved. His his coat or cape made 0:13:37.040 --> 0:13:39.800 of woven grasses was preserved. It was a really cool 0:13:39.800 --> 0:13:42.640 when you look at the shoes and the bear skin 0:13:42.760 --> 0:13:46.679 had and bear skin hat was another one. His tool 0:13:46.760 --> 0:13:50.160 kit was preserved. All of the stuff that we had 0:13:50.240 --> 0:13:53.720 like like just kind of little hints and traces and 0:13:53.720 --> 0:13:58.400 glimpses of from different like burial cashes or just happened 0:13:58.400 --> 0:14:01.880 to find some artifact or whatever. This was like a 0:14:01.960 --> 0:14:06.280 straight up polaroid picture of life in the Coppers. Yeah, 0:14:06.280 --> 0:14:08.599 it was almost like someone stumbled upon a Museum of 0:14:08.679 --> 0:14:11.880 Natural History display, but it was real, right, you know, 0:14:12.000 --> 0:14:14.400 well put chuck. You know who would have loved that analogy? 0:14:14.760 --> 0:14:18.840 Chris Christophers. It's not gonna say either Jasper or Arty. 0:14:19.000 --> 0:14:20.680 And I don't mean would have in the fact that 0:14:20.720 --> 0:14:23.120 he's dead, I mean would have had he heard it. 0:14:23.400 --> 0:14:25.600 I agree, he's never going to hear this. You never know. 0:14:26.240 --> 0:14:29.120 I'm like using reverse. They called his manager right now, 0:14:29.720 --> 0:14:31.680 Well do you might as well. Willie Nelson will never 0:14:31.720 --> 0:14:34.480 listen to these either, neither World Dolly Parton. We want 0:14:34.480 --> 0:14:37.640 all the country legends listening. Ronnie millsap will never hear this. 0:14:39.120 --> 0:14:42.480 Was okay, not with us though, because he doesn't listen 0:14:42.520 --> 0:14:46.040 to stuff you should know and never will. So apparently 0:14:46.120 --> 0:14:50.920 where where Artsy actually fell was pretty lucky because it 0:14:51.040 --> 0:14:54.480 was in a very shallow crevasse and the fact that 0:14:54.480 --> 0:14:57.600 that was uh kind of walled up on both sides 0:14:57.640 --> 0:15:00.040 of him kept him. If he was just out in 0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:02.600 the open, the freeze thought cycle over the years would 0:15:02.600 --> 0:15:05.760 have washed everything away and ripped him apart. And uh, 0:15:05.800 --> 0:15:08.200 it didn't happen because he kind of fell in this 0:15:08.320 --> 0:15:12.640 crevasse um, all five ft two hundred and thirty four 0:15:12.680 --> 0:15:15.400 pounds of him, which is a hundred and fifty eight 0:15:15.520 --> 0:15:20.400 centimeters And that's right. He had brown eyes. Apparently at 0:15:20.440 --> 0:15:22.520 five two was even a little short for the time, 0:15:22.600 --> 0:15:26.400 but he was ripped. Yeah, he was pretty sturdy, uh, 0:15:26.520 --> 0:15:30.000 you know, in his mid forties, like we said, and 0:15:30.320 --> 0:15:33.400 really strong legs. And you know, kind of the fun 0:15:33.440 --> 0:15:38.840 thing about this is the archaeological forensics of trying to 0:15:38.920 --> 0:15:42.640 piece together like what was he doing, how did he die? What? 0:15:43.440 --> 0:15:45.600 We'll get to all that, but just the fact that, 0:15:45.640 --> 0:15:48.400 like he had big legs. They were like this guy, 0:15:48.440 --> 0:15:50.640 he's probably go hurder. He's walking up and down these 0:15:50.640 --> 0:15:54.480 mountains all the time. Look at those calves. He looked 0:15:54.520 --> 0:15:57.240 like that guy from that one Liberty Mutual commercial. I 0:15:57.280 --> 0:16:00.920 don't know, what do you mean, It doesn't matter, like 0:16:01.040 --> 0:16:03.320 ten people this laft. What else did he had? He 0:16:03.360 --> 0:16:05.840 had a dagger, he had that axe you're talking about. 0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:11.280 The dagger, had a wicker sheath, he had um a backpack. 0:16:11.640 --> 0:16:14.160 He had a leather pouch. Yeah. The backpack, by the way, 0:16:14.200 --> 0:16:17.280 we'll never know how it worked because it got destroyed 0:16:17.320 --> 0:16:19.320 by the people who went and dug him out of 0:16:19.320 --> 0:16:22.600 the ice. He had some rudimentary snowshoes. He had a belt. 0:16:22.880 --> 0:16:26.160 He had had a belt that matched his cape, right, yeah, 0:16:26.320 --> 0:16:28.400 oh man, and we'll talk about that. But apparently they 0:16:28.440 --> 0:16:30.680 think that was on purpose. Yes, that he was a 0:16:30.680 --> 0:16:33.800 bit of a fashionista. Um. He had a couple of 0:16:33.800 --> 0:16:38.120 like vessels that were lined with um maple leaves that 0:16:38.160 --> 0:16:40.520 he used to carry embers from place to place so 0:16:40.600 --> 0:16:42.880 he wouldn't have to start a fire again. And all 0:16:42.920 --> 0:16:45.600 the stuff. You're like, I'm cool a flint dagger, cool 0:16:45.680 --> 0:16:49.560 copper x oh some members, Yeah, I do too. But 0:16:49.680 --> 0:16:52.040 I can see people out there being like, uh, talk 0:16:52.120 --> 0:16:55.040 about math or something. Right. The thing is is like 0:16:55.080 --> 0:16:57.840 all this stuff that seems kind of boring and superficial 0:16:58.320 --> 0:17:01.520 has been so thoroughly study that it's actually been used 0:17:01.560 --> 0:17:04.840 to paint a larger picture. Like we understand the copper 0:17:04.920 --> 0:17:08.080 age in Europe way better than we did before he 0:17:08.200 --> 0:17:11.960 was discovered just from finding this, the few things that 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:18.400 he died with and him himself. He also interestingly had 0:17:18.760 --> 0:17:24.159 sixty one tattoos all over his body. I've been waiting 0:17:24.160 --> 0:17:27.919 for this day. What you said tattoos correctly? Oh, you 0:17:27.920 --> 0:17:33.040 mean the tattoos, so uh yeah, and they were they 0:17:33.040 --> 0:17:35.520 covered him from head to toe in different parts, and 0:17:35.720 --> 0:17:38.280 they didn't use needles back then obviously, but they would 0:17:38.760 --> 0:17:42.119 rub or cut the skin open and then rub charcoal inside, 0:17:43.040 --> 0:17:45.800 and they're all They mapped him out in two thousand 0:17:45.920 --> 0:17:50.720 fifteen and organized them into nineteen groups, and they are basically, 0:17:50.880 --> 0:17:53.760 you know, like maybe three identical lines, short lines like 0:17:53.800 --> 0:17:58.000 an inch long, or like a cross, not a spiritual 0:17:58.040 --> 0:18:01.320 religious cross, but you know, like a plus sign, yeah, 0:18:01.560 --> 0:18:07.399 or like a Chinese character that has some inspirational association 0:18:08.520 --> 0:18:11.840 perseverance or something had a lower back tattoo of a 0:18:11.880 --> 0:18:15.280 thorny branch um. But yeah, they map these all out, 0:18:15.359 --> 0:18:17.840 and for a while they thought, and some people still think, 0:18:18.480 --> 0:18:21.200 because they were largely found around the joints and along 0:18:21.200 --> 0:18:25.240 his back um, and he had back problems, and they 0:18:25.359 --> 0:18:28.119 he basically was marked up where he hurt, it looks like, 0:18:28.920 --> 0:18:32.440 and they thought it might have been either acuput puncture 0:18:32.640 --> 0:18:35.680 points to mark or it might have been the acupuncture 0:18:35.680 --> 0:18:38.720 treatment itself, right, but it does. They do think that 0:18:38.800 --> 0:18:41.679 it had something to do with acupuncture, which in and 0:18:41.720 --> 0:18:45.080 of itself was a big revelation because they thought up 0:18:45.080 --> 0:18:48.040 to that point that acupuncture had been invented two thousand 0:18:48.160 --> 0:18:52.680 years after, let see, and way further eastern in Asia, right, 0:18:52.840 --> 0:18:54.879 But now they think that may not have been the 0:18:54.920 --> 0:18:59.240 case because they found um a new cluster of tattoos 0:18:59.240 --> 0:19:02.600 on his chest that they didn't formally recognize, and they 0:19:02.600 --> 0:19:04.840 were like, there are no acupuncture points there, and he 0:19:04.880 --> 0:19:08.760 didn't have any injuries there. So now they're they didn't 0:19:08.800 --> 0:19:11.200 throw it out with the bathwater. But there are people 0:19:11.200 --> 0:19:12.880 now they're saying like, we don't know if that's true 0:19:12.960 --> 0:19:15.560 or not. No, Okay, so I'm really glad you said that. 0:19:16.760 --> 0:19:20.040 Everything that we know about Letsie, aside from the fact 0:19:20.160 --> 0:19:24.120 that he is dead, that we have a pretty good 0:19:24.119 --> 0:19:27.200 idea of when he lived, probably was height, weight, was 0:19:27.240 --> 0:19:31.360 stuff like that. Everything else is interpretation. So you have 0:19:31.440 --> 0:19:37.480 to remember that interpretation super educated and usually UM displaying 0:19:37.520 --> 0:19:42.680 the current understanding of history or interpretation of history or events, 0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:46.800 but um, it is still interpretation. That's part of archaeology 0:19:46.800 --> 0:19:50.760 and anthropology and history, especially when you're talking about prehistory. 0:19:50.880 --> 0:19:53.280 This is he lived during a time before anybody wrote 0:19:53.280 --> 0:19:57.000 anything down or recorded anything, which makes it prehistoric. But 0:19:57.359 --> 0:19:59.760 you just bear that in mind that everything we're talking about, 0:19:59.760 --> 0:20:01.879 and every a thing you go read about OTSI is 0:20:02.040 --> 0:20:06.680 very much described in absolute terms, but it is our 0:20:06.800 --> 0:20:09.359 picture and image of him. How he lived, how he 0:20:09.440 --> 0:20:13.960 died has really shaped and shifted over the years since 0:20:14.000 --> 0:20:16.360 he was discovered, and it still is. It's still malleable. 0:20:16.400 --> 0:20:21.280 Nothing is definitive. Nothing said in ice. All right, let's 0:20:21.280 --> 0:20:24.080 take a break. It was a bad joke. We'll talk 0:20:24.119 --> 0:20:49.080 about Urtsey's health, right for this. Was he healthy? I 0:20:49.080 --> 0:20:52.600 mean he was. No. He was a person of age 0:20:52.680 --> 0:20:55.080 in his mid forties of a time where at that 0:20:55.119 --> 0:20:58.399 age he's going to be pretty beat up. Yeah, he 0:20:58.480 --> 0:21:00.639 wasn't unhealthy and like the modern sense where he's like 0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:03.480 deliberately wrecking his health because he's eating too much junk 0:21:03.560 --> 0:21:07.360 food or something like you know me. Yeah, but he 0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:09.879 was unhealthy in the way that a person would be 0:21:09.960 --> 0:21:12.760 unhealthy from living close to the land at a time 0:21:12.800 --> 0:21:16.600 before medicine had really developed. Yeah, exactly, no doctors, no dentists. 0:21:16.640 --> 0:21:19.840 So as you would imagine, he had gum disease, heart disease, 0:21:20.600 --> 0:21:26.560 lime disease, gallbladder stones, hardened arteries, gall stones. Yeah, the 0:21:27.760 --> 0:21:31.200 disorders so nice, we named it twice, right, He had 0:21:31.520 --> 0:21:34.440 a whipworm parasite in his gut. He had h pylori 0:21:34.520 --> 0:21:38.480 in his gut um. And all of this is to say, 0:21:38.600 --> 0:21:41.040 like you said, he was probably a pretty normal dude 0:21:41.520 --> 0:21:45.000 of mid forties of the time. Uh, he was. They 0:21:45.000 --> 0:21:47.399 couldn't find his stomach for a long time. It's amazing 0:21:47.440 --> 0:21:50.680 how much of the stuff like it was found over 0:21:50.680 --> 0:21:53.399 the years, Like this tattoo. This new tattoo was just 0:21:53.440 --> 0:21:56.080 found a few years ago after like many many years 0:21:56.080 --> 0:21:59.560 of study. His birthmark that looks like Abraham Lincoln eluded 0:21:59.560 --> 0:22:02.880 people for decades, but they couldn't even find his stomach 0:22:02.920 --> 0:22:05.560 and they found it, like, oh, here it is twenty 0:22:05.600 --> 0:22:08.720 years later. They found it wedged up between his ribs 0:22:08.720 --> 0:22:11.560 and his lungs. Yeah. Then they found it because they 0:22:11.720 --> 0:22:15.320 noticed tia gall stones. So they basically traced a path 0:22:15.480 --> 0:22:18.480 from the gall bladder to the stomach and said, there 0:22:18.520 --> 0:22:21.280 it is. We found it. And they were really happy 0:22:21.280 --> 0:22:23.919 they found it because when they started dissected or take 0:22:23.960 --> 0:22:27.000 samples from it, they found that it was full. Yeah. 0:22:27.160 --> 0:22:29.480 He died like within an hour or so of eating 0:22:29.520 --> 0:22:32.359 his last meal and hadn't digested it. He had food 0:22:32.359 --> 0:22:35.359 in his in his colon. Uh, he had food and 0:22:35.440 --> 0:22:41.240 his intestines. He had a turtle head peeking out. That's awesome. 0:22:41.480 --> 0:22:45.520 What his last meal was dried ibex and deer meat 0:22:46.240 --> 0:22:50.840 with ink horn wheat, Yes, and slow plums. I don't 0:22:50.840 --> 0:22:53.040 know why that wasn't mentioned. Can get that same meal 0:22:53.359 --> 0:22:58.639 in served you by a guy with a waxed mustache 0:22:58.680 --> 0:23:02.080 and like some sort of arm band, an armed guard. So, yeah, 0:23:02.080 --> 0:23:04.760 an armed guarter. That's that's it, isn't it. Yeah, that's it. 0:23:05.119 --> 0:23:07.959 Um So he they think some sort of like fatty 0:23:08.080 --> 0:23:12.119 cured meat, kind of like a bacon cured bacon today. 0:23:12.200 --> 0:23:15.159 And the iron iron i corn wheat was from bread. 0:23:15.400 --> 0:23:19.440 And he also ate slow plums. Got okay, slow plums Yeah, 0:23:19.600 --> 0:23:22.840 that they make slow gin from. Oh really, which I've 0:23:22.880 --> 0:23:25.560 never had, have you? That's s l o e right 0:23:25.720 --> 0:23:29.040