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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to food stuff. I'm Any and I'm

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Speaker 1: Lauren vocal bam, and today we're talking about tea. Yes,

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Speaker 1: we we recently talked about tea. We did yes with

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Speaker 1: our good friend Dr Julius skinner Um. But that was

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Speaker 1: about tea time. Different, yes, the meal related, but different. Yes,

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Speaker 1: So today we want to back the proverbial truck up

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Speaker 1: and talk about tea itself. Yeah, like a little bit,

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Speaker 1: not like teas a lot. Tea is a very overwhelming

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Speaker 1: topic to to tangle with. Yeah, yeah, I don't want

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Speaker 1: to get those strings all tangled up. No, no, very

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Speaker 1: often now, not getting the strings tangled is an important

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Speaker 1: part of it, absolutely, Okay. I thought that might be

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Speaker 1: what's going on when people are making tea. I wasn't sure. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: now I know. I always wrapped my string around the

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Speaker 1: handle of my mug to keep the tea bag perfectly

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Speaker 1: positioned in the cups so it's not banging around. You

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Speaker 1: don't want it to break the mug, right, Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mostly don't want it to like slab me in the face.

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Speaker 1: Sure that makes sense. That's yeah, that's a different form

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Speaker 1: of tea bagging. Let's call this intro to t t

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Speaker 1: t one oh one, Yeah, the first steeping because we

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Speaker 1: love a good horror movie around here. If there's not

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Speaker 1: a horror movie about steeping tea, then we got to

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Speaker 1: get on that immediately. Absolutely. December International Tea Day. I

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Speaker 1: just wanted to say that I don't know, I wonder

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Speaker 1: how many people. I feel like, if you drink tea,

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Speaker 1: then you drink tea, yea more or less daily, So like,

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Speaker 1: I don't know how many people on International Tea Day

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Speaker 1: or like today's the day I'll have some tea. Maybe

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Speaker 1: you have like a special type of tea though, yeah,

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Speaker 1: or maybe you don't even know it's a day. Probably

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Speaker 1: I would guess the majority of humans fall into that

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Speaker 1: ladder category. Well, now you know, listeners, you can celebrate

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Speaker 1: many months from now, but in the meantime, let's educate

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Speaker 1: about tea. Yes, what is it? Well, tea is a drink.

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Speaker 1: I don't know if you knew that. So it's a drink.

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Speaker 1: It's a drink made by a soaking the processed leaves

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Speaker 1: of this evergreen, a tall shrub or short tree by

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Speaker 1: the botanical name of Camelia sinensis in hot water, thus

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Speaker 1: leaching out some of the compounds from the leaves into

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Speaker 1: the water. There are a couple of botanical varieties of

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Speaker 1: this species, and like hundreds of cultivars with various specific properties,

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Speaker 1: but all types of tea come from this one species

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Speaker 1: of plant um. The differences between white teas, green teas,

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Speaker 1: black teas, woolong teas are in how the leaves are

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Speaker 1: treated after they're picked same species, though herbal teas or

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Speaker 1: or herbal infusions or two sayings are the exception here um.

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Speaker 1: Those don't necessarily involve tea at all, but are similarly

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Speaker 1: steeped in hot water to produce a beverage. We're largely

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Speaker 1: not talking about those today, although some popular types of

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Speaker 1: tea like a earl gray and masslid shy do have

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Speaker 1: added a flowers, herbs, spices, stuff like that. Yeah yeah,

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Speaker 1: but we're talking about actual tea leaf tea made from

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Speaker 1: tea leaves. That's right, right, We've got to read the

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Speaker 1: tea leaves on this one, man. I'm gonna do that later.

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Speaker 1: I always read your tea leaves. Yeah, yeah. I don't

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Speaker 1: drink the tea. It's like the fortune cookie because I

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Speaker 1: don't like fortune cookies, but I like getting the fortune.

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Speaker 1: So any kind of food that like predicts your future

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Speaker 1: in some way I probably don't like, but I like

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Speaker 1: the fortune telling aspect, but I used to. I'm a

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Speaker 1: very big Harry Potter fans, and my mom gave you

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Speaker 1: a book to read that's great, and it's like a

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Speaker 1: drunk party chick. I pull out sometimes fat and reading palms,

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Speaker 1: which you have been witnessed to subject to as well. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: back to yes after water. Tea is the most consumed

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Speaker 1: liquid in the world, and there are all kinds of

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Speaker 1: teas and ways to prepare tea. Oh yeah, hotter iced, regular,

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Speaker 1: decaf loosely for bagged single cupper pot How hot is

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Speaker 1: the water? You're going for? A light steep or a

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Speaker 1: heavy steep, cream and or sugar or any number of

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Speaker 1: related substitutes. You want a lemon in their salt yak butter,

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Speaker 1: side of cookies or other snacks. This is stressing me out.

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Speaker 1: You know, these are important questions. You don't have to

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Speaker 1: have the answers. I don't, but they're important questions that

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Speaker 1: I that I know. The global tea beverage market is

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Speaker 1: worth forty five billion US dollars a year or more,

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Speaker 1: and it is growing. It's projected to reach over sixty three,

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Speaker 1: but the United States and even in the top ten

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Speaker 1: of tea consumers were not even in the top thirty. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Turkey drinks the most tea by far, almost seven pounds

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Speaker 1: per person per year consumed like dry weight of tea,

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Speaker 1: not the liquid weight. Yeah, Ireland and the UK are

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Speaker 1: not too far behind and around four pounds per person

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Speaker 1: and Russia and Morocco behind them and around three each. China, India, Kenya,

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Speaker 1: and Sri Lanka are the top producers. And yeah, this

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Speaker 1: is Some types of te are named after their place

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Speaker 1: of origin, like like a Psalm or Darjeeling India and

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Speaker 1: Ceylon being the old name for Sri Lanka. Others maybe

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Speaker 1: named her legends about the tease origin or something about

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Speaker 1: the growing conditions or like the shape of the leaf.

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Speaker 1: And te enthusiasts will talk about a tease to war

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Speaker 1: the way that folks talk about about wine. Ah. I

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Speaker 1: kind of want to go to a tea tasting with

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Speaker 1: a professional now and just hear them talk about, Oh, absolutely,

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Speaker 1: this is something that we definitely need to set up somewhere. Somehow,

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Speaker 1: we'll find a way. We will tea um finds a way. Uh.

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Speaker 1: There can be over seven hundred aroma compounds in t

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Speaker 1: and it can also contain high concentrations of polyphenols such

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Speaker 1: as tannins. As much as of the dry weight of

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Speaker 1: tea can be tannins. This is why if you have

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Speaker 1: a problem with tanns as I as we both suspect

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Speaker 1: you do, annie, then it can really upset your stomach.

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Speaker 1: Um and these give tea some of its color and

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Speaker 1: flavor and also create that a stringent like puckery dry

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Speaker 1: feeling in your mouth when you drink it. But the

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Speaker 1: flavor of tea does not necessarily exist in fresh picked

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Speaker 1: tea leaves UM. The act of processing can bring out

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Speaker 1: some thirty thousand different molecules UM and can also reduce

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Speaker 1: the numbers of others that contribute to the taste of tea.

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Speaker 1: Chemist Nicolai Kunnert from Jacobs University in Germany told the

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Speaker 1: British Royal Society of Chemistry quote in The Hitchhiker's Guide

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Speaker 1: to the Galaxy, the new traumatic drink spencer is unable

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Speaker 1: to provide Arthur Dent with a good cup of tea.

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Speaker 1: Now the science can explain why. It's just too complicated,

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Speaker 1: very complicated. Indeed, yes it is, but let's get into that.

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Speaker 1: It's not that scary. We can do this. You look

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Speaker 1: very suspicious, but trust me, Okay, I trust you, Lauren, Okay,

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Speaker 1: I don't think that you should, but share. That's that's great. Well,

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Speaker 1: that's not what you tell someone you're trying to calm

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Speaker 1: them down. I know I'm bad at this, um okay.

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Speaker 1: So so there are there are a lot of types

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Speaker 1: of tea out there, and every single one might have

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Speaker 1: special methods that go into creating just the right flavors

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Speaker 1: for it during processing. But but here's here's the basics

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Speaker 1: of how it does all right. Tea leaves they start

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Speaker 1: out on on the on the bush looking a little

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Speaker 1: bit like rose leaves, this like bright green pointed ovals

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Speaker 1: with these kind of serrated edges, and they're typically picked

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Speaker 1: by hand because machines tend to bruise and damage the leaves,

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Speaker 1: which will result in lower quality tea. There's definitely like

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Speaker 1: a value bulk trade off there um if it is

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Speaker 1: being hand picked. The workers usually only nab a couple

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Speaker 1: of pairs of leaves and a bud from the top

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Speaker 1: of each stalk. The plants are pruned pretty constantly to

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Speaker 1: keep them like optimally bushy and tender, and the leaves

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Speaker 1: are then quickly sent onto processing because as soon as

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Speaker 1: they're picked, they'll begin a wilting or losing moisture and

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Speaker 1: also oxidizing, that is, molecules of oxygen in the air

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Speaker 1: around them will start mucking around with the leaves chemistry,

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Speaker 1: it's it's the same process by which you know metal

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Speaker 1: will rest if you leave it out in the rain,

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Speaker 1: or which you know will make cut fruit turn brown.

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Speaker 1: And depending on what type of tea you're making, you

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Speaker 1: might want that to happen, but you might not. Let's

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Speaker 1: start by talking about a t that does want some

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Speaker 1: controlled oxidation black tea, which counts for about all of

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Speaker 1: the tea that's made. You start by withering the leaves.

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Speaker 1: That's gently removing like already of the moisture in the

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Speaker 1: leaves by by drying them with flowing air and troughs

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Speaker 1: or wire mesh trays over the course of about twelve hours.

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Speaker 1: And it's only because you want them to still be

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Speaker 1: pliable because the next stage is rolling, either by hand

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Speaker 1: or machine. You you twist the leaves into kind of

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Speaker 1: like little needles. This also bruises the leaves and breaking

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Speaker 1: down their cell walls, letting some of the enzymes that

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Speaker 1: are inside interact with the air, and this kickstarting that

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Speaker 1: purposeful oxidation process. For an hour or two, the leaves

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Speaker 1: are left out in warm, open air, like eighty degrees

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Speaker 1: fahrenheit that's twenty six degrees celsius, so that so the

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Speaker 1: oxygen can interact with the enzymes and the leaves, producing

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Speaker 1: all these different flavor compounds. The darker and stronger you

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Speaker 1: want the tea to be, the longer you leave up

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Speaker 1: sit letting them go from green in color to beige

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Speaker 1: tan to kind of that coppery brown. And when they've

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Speaker 1: reached the right level, the oxidation is stopped by by

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Speaker 1: destroying those enzymes with heat from hot air dryers. The

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Speaker 1: leave are dried until they're down to just three of

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Speaker 1: their original water content, low enough to prevent micro organisms

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Speaker 1: from growing in them. They're then sorted by size and

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Speaker 1: appearance and packed for packaging and sale, and ideally this

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Speaker 1: whole process takes less than twenty four hours. Times of

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Speaker 1: the element that is true, usually I don't see it

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Speaker 1: on the periodic table, but it should be. It should be. Oh,

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Speaker 1: but okay, that's black tea. If you're making green tea.

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Speaker 1: You don't want pretty much any of that oxidation to happen,

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Speaker 1: so right after the leaves are withered, you skip to

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Speaker 1: the heat phase to stop the enzymes, either by steaming

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Speaker 1: the leaves or drying them out in hot pans. And

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Speaker 1: this will let the leaves keep their their green color,

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Speaker 1: and they're sort of grassier, fruitier, uh, more bitter, but

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Speaker 1: overall more delicate flavor compounds. Um. They'll also keep more

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Speaker 1: of their polyphenols, and this is why green tea is

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Speaker 1: sometimes said to be healthier than black teeth. More and

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Speaker 1: more on health and polyphenols all the way at the edge.

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Speaker 1: You gotta to wait for that. It's our kids. The

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Speaker 1: leaves aren't rolled after steaming and then dried and packed.

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Speaker 1: White tea is made the same way that green tea is,

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Speaker 1: except the leaves and buds that are used are our immature.

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Speaker 1: Um that the buds haven't even opened yet and the

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Speaker 1: leaves are still young and tender. Good for the wolong

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Speaker 1: tea is something in between. It's it's partially oxidized. After wilting,

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Speaker 1: the leaves are are shaken or like gently rolled so

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Speaker 1: that they're only partially bruised and and allowed to brown

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Speaker 1: about thirty of what you do for black tea before

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Speaker 1: the enzymes are stopped with a heat process, and that's

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Speaker 1: what gives Wolong teas. They're they're kind of like roasty

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Speaker 1: yet fresh flavors. Mm hmm. Other types of tea do

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Speaker 1: receive special treatments during or after production by these methods.

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Speaker 1: Macha is ground into a powder. Lopsung chung is smoked.

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Speaker 1: Yellow tea is steam longer and lower than than green

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Speaker 1: teas before further processing, where and other dark teas are

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Speaker 1: aged to allow bacteria to go to work changing the

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Speaker 1: flavor profile. Yes, I mean what I think it means bacteria.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah. Dark teas, by the way, are the only

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Speaker 1: types of teas that have appreciable fermentation happening. Although the

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Speaker 1: word fermentation is confusingly often applied to the teamaking process,

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Speaker 1: but it's it's almost always a misnomer for oxidation. Ah,

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Speaker 1: I see, Yeah, clear is clear? Is tea clear tea

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Speaker 1: out there? Jenny White White Teas? All? I don't know anyway. Um,

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Speaker 1: I mean there is a course tea that's fermented after

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Speaker 1: it's brewed, like like kombucha, but that is a whole

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Speaker 1: other episode. Yeah. Oh, yeah, but uh okay. All of

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Speaker 1: this has been describing the traditional or orthodox method of

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Speaker 1: producing tea, and this method is definitely still used, but

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Speaker 1: due to the time and labor it requires, the teas

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Speaker 1: produced this way are more expensive. So um. Most black

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Speaker 1: teas these days are made by the c t C

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Speaker 1: or crush tear curl method from like eight tent of them,

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Speaker 1: which is a bunch um. In this method, the the

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Speaker 1: leaves are are withered and then passed through a machine

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Speaker 1: that bruises, cuts and twists them into these even little

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Speaker 1: granules like like fine gravel. And this is an ideal

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Speaker 1: for for brewing loose leaf tea in a cup or

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Speaker 1: a pot because it also produces a bunch of like

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Speaker 1: dust and weird little bits of debris that might not

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Speaker 1: sink as readily as whole tea leaves do. They might

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Speaker 1: be floating around. Doesn't make it fun um, but it's

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Speaker 1: perfect for tea bags um. It also brews quicker and

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Speaker 1: stronger than whole leaf tea, and experts say that the

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Speaker 1: the Orthodox process creates more flavorful, lighter colored tea, while

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Speaker 1: CTC produces less flavorful, darker colored t not as quality

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Speaker 1: t Perhaps it depends on what you're going for. H Yeah, Well,

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Speaker 1: we have a lot of tea around the office, I

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Speaker 1: gotta say, And I have one of those, Like I

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Speaker 1: never drink tea, but I have one of those fancy

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Speaker 1: brewer things, so maybe I should bring it in and

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Speaker 1: donate it. But we do have a lot of these,

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Speaker 1: a lot of the ones you mentioned. Quite the selection

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Speaker 1: we do, we do. It's very exciting. So that's how

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Speaker 1: tea comes to be these days. But how did t

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Speaker 1: come to be in the first place. Well, I hope

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Speaker 1: you know you're the one who did the research, but

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Speaker 1: we will but we will get into that as soon

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Speaker 1: as we get back from a quick word from our sponsor,

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Speaker 1: and we're back, Thank you sponsor. Yes, and we're back

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Speaker 1: with a fun problem. A fun problem you encounter and

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Speaker 1: researching tea. Almost every search result, article, book, what have

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Speaker 1: you is the history of tea in insert everywhere that

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Speaker 1: drinks tea here, so, history of tea in India, history

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Speaker 1: of tea in China, history of tea in Japan. And

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Speaker 1: it's all a mind boggling amount of information. Yes, it

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Speaker 1: really is, because, like we said at the top, a

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Speaker 1: lot of people really enjoy a good cup of tea, Yes,

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Speaker 1: and they have for a while for power to them. Absolutely,

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Speaker 1: But I think that we could do entire episodes on

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Speaker 1: any given type of tea, and I suspect that in

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Speaker 1: the future we will, Yes, because a lot of it

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Speaker 1: is is great. But but in the meantime, tea time

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Speaker 1: in this case started over five thousand years ago, maybe

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Speaker 1: even six thousand, and it most likely originated in China.

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Speaker 1: Something so foundational is bound to inspire a lot of myths,

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Speaker 1: and t is absolutely no exception in China. The most

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Speaker 1: popular of these myths goes something like this. In two

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Speaker 1: thousand seven thirty seven BC, very specific year is Chinese scholar,

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Speaker 1: herbalist and emperor Sin Nung accidentally discovered tea after a

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Speaker 1: leaf drifted into the water his servant had boiled for him.

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Speaker 1: The leaf came from a wild tea tree. The emperor

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Speaker 1: loved the result and studied the tree, and he discovered

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Speaker 1: what he believed to be many medicinal properties, especially as

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Speaker 1: an aid for digestion. Another agent legend tells of a

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Speaker 1: farmer and eventual inventor of agriculture and young who went

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Speaker 1: into the forest looking for grains and herbs to eat,

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Speaker 1: and he ended up poisoning himself seventy two times as

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Speaker 1: part of his pursuit. As he was dying, a wayward

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Speaker 1: leaf landed in his open mouth and brought him back

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Speaker 1: to hell. He doesn't cure poisoning if hy, as far

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Speaker 1: as we know outside of ancient legends. No, no, don't

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Speaker 1: don't try this at home. Please don't food stuff help

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Speaker 1: lesson of the episode. At first, tea leaves were consumed

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Speaker 1: almost like you would eat a vegetable, cooked and served

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Speaker 1: with a grain porridge. He didn't transition into drink until

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Speaker 1: about fift years ago, once folks figured out that tea

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Speaker 1: leaves plus heat and moisture made a drink that could

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Speaker 1: vary widely and taste. Written records of tea didn't show

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Speaker 1: up until third century b C, when a well known

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Speaker 1: Chinese surgeon was a proponent for tea as a way

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Speaker 1: to improve awareness and concentration, and in a letter to

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Speaker 1: his nephew at Chinese general asked for quote real tea

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Speaker 1: to help him with his depression. However, due to some

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Speaker 1: more fun with language, the character for t was also

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Speaker 1: used for south thistles soth thistles. So I guess, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I guess like like you know, cows. Yeah, yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: what I was thinking. I've never heard of that. But

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Speaker 1: either way, the same character was used for both of

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Speaker 1: these things. It's a lot Chinese monks. Yeah, two podcasters

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Speaker 1: in the future really mad at you. You weren't You

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Speaker 1: didn't have us in mind when you did this. However,

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Speaker 1: historians do believe that t not south thistles, was used

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Speaker 1: in a ceremonial context during the Han dynasty between two

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Speaker 1: hundred and six and two. Maybe south thistles were involved too,

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Speaker 1: cannot say. Tombs dating back to this period have been

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Speaker 1: found with tea containers. Yeah. Tea grew in popularity during

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Speaker 1: the fourth and fifth century, and it was commonly packaged

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Speaker 1: as compressed cakes. After the leaves had been steamed and

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Speaker 1: when ready to make tea, the cakes were heated ground

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Speaker 1: into a powder at hot water bla or should I

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Speaker 1: say mocha? Ah, yes, macha, because that's what it was called.

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Speaker 1: Records show that these cakes were treated with Turkish merchants

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Speaker 1: and four seventy c Sometimes these cakes and they traveled

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Speaker 1: pretty well, were used as currency. Um another what I

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Speaker 1: think is fun etymology. Note tea came from a Chinese

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Speaker 1: dialect calling it ta. However, the Mandarin word cha inspired

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Speaker 1: the Russian word for tea chai, as well as the Japanese, Turkish, Persian,

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Speaker 1: and Hindi words for tea. It's all coming together. In India,

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Speaker 1: tea's discovery is credited to Indian saint and founder of

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Speaker 1: the Zen School of Buddhism, Principaldi Dharma, and the story

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Speaker 1: here is that he traveled to China to share the

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Speaker 1: teachings of Buddhism, and to back up these teachings, he

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Speaker 1: resolved to meditate for not one, not to but nine years,

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Speaker 1: nine years, nine years Alas, he almost achieved his goal

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Speaker 1: when he fell asleep. He was so angry with himself

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Speaker 1: he cut off his eyelids and tossed them aside. And

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Speaker 1: from these eyelids came a tea plant. That's hardcore. Well,

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Speaker 1: I can't meditate for nine minutes. I mean, if you

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Speaker 1: get almost to the benchmark sleep, you know he needed

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Speaker 1: tea to keep him awake. He did not that sleepy time. Ta,

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Speaker 1: though different. By the eighth century, cet had solidified its

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Speaker 1: position as China's drink of choice. The first book dedicated

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Speaker 1: to tea, penned by Lu Yu, came out, and to

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Speaker 1: the jubilation of tea historians everywhere and podcasters, the character

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Speaker 1: for tea lost a stroke and got its own character,

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Speaker 1: So no more confusing. It was south issungs um, and

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Speaker 1: no longer was it just business a k A medicine.

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Speaker 1: It was pleasure. It was something people were drinking for fun,

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Speaker 1: and still business too. Probably rules were put into place

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Speaker 1: about who could pick the leaves and win, even the

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Speaker 1: diets like no garlic and onions were allowed if you're

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Speaker 1: going to pick tea leaves, and hygiene of the young

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Speaker 1: women doing the picking. Towards the end of this period,

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00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:32,119
Speaker 1: people whisked the ground up tea into boiling water to

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Speaker 1: get a frothy liquid, and the process was repeated with

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Speaker 1: the same tea up to seven times. Essential oils like

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Speaker 1: jasmine or lotus might be added. Artists would draw elaborate

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Speaker 1: shapes in the froth, sort of like fancy coffee art.

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Speaker 1: To this day, that was one of my favorite facts

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Speaker 1: of this episode. Until the Ming Dynasty, beginning around all

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Speaker 1: of this tea were talking about was green. This changed

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Speaker 1: during the Ming Dynasty, at largely because of increased trade

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Speaker 1: with Europe. China had foregone the cakes for steamed and

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Speaker 1: dried loose leaves, which did not keep as well on

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Speaker 1: long journeys. So the Chinese came up with two stronger

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Speaker 1: types of tea, flower scented and black tea. Tea producers

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Speaker 1: found a method of fermenting tea by exposing the air

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Speaker 1: to this the thing yes thank you for the in

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Speaker 1: podcast realization um until they took on that coper hue

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Speaker 1: and then baking them. China pretty much held the monopoly

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Speaker 1: on tea, next to silk and porcelain. It was one

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Speaker 1: of their three essential export goods. For China, it was

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Speaker 1: a source of power and influence. It was around seven nine,

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Speaker 1: during the Golden Age of Tea that team made the

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Speaker 1: jump to Japan from returning Japanese monks who had journeyed

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Speaker 1: to China for steady and planted seeds of tea trees.

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Speaker 1: When the Emperor got a taste of ty, he decreed

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Speaker 1: that tea trees be planted close to the capital. The

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Speaker 1: Japanese followed a similar tea trajectory, coming up with their

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Speaker 1: own tea ceremony. When relations between China Japan started to sour,

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00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:13,040
Speaker 1: tea and tea ceremonies lost their popularity Since a lot

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Speaker 1: of tea was still imported from China, but not so

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Speaker 1: with Buddhist monks, though, who used tea to help them

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Speaker 1: stay focused during these long stints of meditation. Once relations

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Speaker 1: between the two nations improved at the beginning of the

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Speaker 1: twelfth century, tea drinking picked back up. During this period

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Speaker 1: of improved relations, a Japanese monk returned from a trip

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Speaker 1: to China with the new method of drinking powder tea,

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Speaker 1: and he shared his learning of Rinzai Zen Buddhism. The

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00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,879
Speaker 1: two intertwined and grew tea drinking and Buddhism into a

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Speaker 1: complicated and unique ritual, one that can last up to

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Speaker 1: four hours and may take place in a tea house.

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Speaker 1: The Book of Tea, written in nineteen o six by

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Speaker 1: Okakura Kakuzo, described it like this, Tea is more than

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Speaker 1: an idealization of the form of drinking. It is a

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Speaker 1: religion of the art of life. Wow. Yeah, it's pretty deep.

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Speaker 1: Going back um to the sixteen hundreds, large amounts of

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00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:20,359
Speaker 1: tea arrived to Europe via the Dutch, and they developed

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Speaker 1: quite a taste for it. France and Germany preferred coffee

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Speaker 1: at the time, and it was mainly Russia Holland and

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Speaker 1: England that had a preference for tea at first. Sara

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00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:33,159
Speaker 1: Alexis of Russia received tea as a gift from China

390
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Speaker 1: in six eighteen, and it was love at first taste.

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Speaker 1: The Russians would send up to three hundred camels loaded

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Speaker 1: up with furs into China to exchange for tea, a

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00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:48,160
Speaker 1: lot of tea six hundred pounds of tea per camel,

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00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,919
Speaker 1: if you're wondering, yeah, the weight of that meant the

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00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:56,800
Speaker 1: journey was quite slow up to eighteen months. The Russians

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00:24:56,800 --> 00:24:59,520
Speaker 1: preferred black tea, and to this day a brand called

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00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:03,920
Speaker 1: Russia Caravan sells a black tea blend. It wasn't until

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00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:06,560
Speaker 1: the Trans Siberian Railway in nineteen o three that the

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00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:09,240
Speaker 1: camel caravan came to an end, which kind of blows

400
00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:14,000
Speaker 1: my mind. The first recorded instance of tea in London

401
00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:18,120
Speaker 1: was in sixteen fifty eight, though it was probably around

402
00:25:18,359 --> 00:25:21,680
Speaker 1: before then. The written mentioned was in a sale by

403
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:25,639
Speaker 1: auction printed in a London newspaper, quote that excellent and

404
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:29,679
Speaker 1: by all physicians approved China drink. Two years later, the

405
00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:33,320
Speaker 1: same dude wrote a real intense and lyrad and ad

406
00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:37,720
Speaker 1: claiming that t would cure anything that ailed you, and

407
00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:42,200
Speaker 1: also quote maketh the body active and lusty, help with

408
00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:47,040
Speaker 1: the headache, giddiness and heaviness. Thereof take away difficulty breathing,

409
00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:52,720
Speaker 1: opening obstructions, clear as the site, vanquish a heavy dreams,

410
00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:59,919
Speaker 1: easeth the brain and strengthen the memory. It overcometh superfluous

411
00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:06,000
Speaker 1: sleep and prevents sleepiness in general, and expelth in fiction. Wow,

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00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,080
Speaker 1: that's that's a big that's a big promise there. It

413
00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:16,000
Speaker 1: is quite quite the promise to make ah. Lots of

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00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:21,320
Speaker 1: fun fun words in there. I like strength, strength of

415
00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:26,800
Speaker 1: strength of I've never that before. I like it. Queen

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00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:30,720
Speaker 1: Catherine of Braganza was an early adopter in the aristocracy,

417
00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:33,480
Speaker 1: but they caught on pretty quick after her sixteen sixty

418
00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:36,399
Speaker 1: one marriage to King Charles the Second. It was quite

419
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,960
Speaker 1: expensive at the time and thus again reserved for the rich.

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00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:43,960
Speaker 1: In sev hundred, tea would run you ten times more

421
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:47,840
Speaker 1: than coffee. Women started drinking it at home, while men

422
00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:50,760
Speaker 1: enjoyed it out and about at coffee houses. We touched

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00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:54,119
Speaker 1: on this a little bit in our episode with Julia Um,

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00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:56,760
Speaker 1: which had been coffee houses have been around since the

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00:26:56,760 --> 00:27:02,040
Speaker 1: mid seventeenth century, and this brings us to Thomas Twining.

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Speaker 1: He opened Tom's Coffee House off Strand in seventeen o six.

427
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:10,520
Speaker 1: A decade later he rebranded as the Golden Lion, now

428
00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:13,919
Speaker 1: specializing in loose leaf tea for both the fellas and

429
00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:19,000
Speaker 1: the ladies. Yeah. Well, before that, women who wanted to

430
00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:22,320
Speaker 1: keep their dignity would not venture into a coffeehouse for

431
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:26,440
Speaker 1: fear of judgment and overhearing dirty jokes. Oh no, whatever

432
00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,560
Speaker 1: would we do sensitive sensibilities, Bring me my fainting couch, Annie,

433
00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,960
Speaker 1: I don't have the strength of for a dirty joke.

434
00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:39,400
Speaker 1: Of increased demand for tea among those that couldn't afford

435
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,679
Speaker 1: it led to a black market of tea from Holland.

436
00:27:43,359 --> 00:27:45,720
Speaker 1: But sort of like we talked about in Bourbon and

437
00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:49,640
Speaker 1: Engin these tea leaves were cut with leaves of other

438
00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:54,080
Speaker 1: things like licorice, maybe um Used leaves were dyed and reused,

439
00:27:54,280 --> 00:27:58,280
Speaker 1: stepped on and steeped, and cheeps dung a popular die.

440
00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:02,399
Speaker 1: Oh my goodness. The problem caught the eye of the

441
00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:06,159
Speaker 1: government in seventive and they put in place a steep

442
00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:10,160
Speaker 1: fine for smugglers or traders in the tea black market.

443
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:13,080
Speaker 1: The black tea market, not the black tea market. The

444
00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:18,000
Speaker 1: tea black market's different thing. When that crackdown didn't slow

445
00:28:18,280 --> 00:28:23,560
Speaker 1: the tea market enough, a prison sentence was added in

446
00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: seventeen sixty six. At one time, the illegal trade amounted

447
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,600
Speaker 1: to seven million pounds as opposed to five million pounds

448
00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:34,840
Speaker 1: of the legal stuff. Black tea was preferred as it

449
00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:37,600
Speaker 1: was easier to cut green tea with other stuff you

450
00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:43,960
Speaker 1: didn't want in there. Speaking of green teas association with hallucinations,

451
00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:49,200
Speaker 1: the green tea ferry, Yeah, this, this is the whole thing.

452
00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:53,840
Speaker 1: So okay. So this illegal trade and the the cutting

453
00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:56,520
Speaker 1: of green tea with other things would go on for

454
00:28:56,640 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 1: like a hundred years, over a hundred years, Um, and

455
00:29:00,360 --> 00:29:02,680
Speaker 1: our buddies Robert and Joe of Stuff to Blow your Mind,

456
00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:06,200
Speaker 1: did a whole episode about this, appropriately called the Myth

457
00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:09,160
Speaker 1: of Green Tea Hallucinations. I also talked about it a

458
00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:12,880
Speaker 1: little bit over on brain Stuff. But yes, green tea

459
00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:17,320
Speaker 1: was once absolutely thought by people in the British Empire

460
00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:22,240
Speaker 1: to give you hallucinations. Here's what was going on, hallucination aside.

461
00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:25,600
Speaker 1: Up through the eight nineties, folks were still cutting green

462
00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:28,400
Speaker 1: tea with all this other stuff and using various chemical

463
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:31,360
Speaker 1: colorance to diet, like, to the point that when the

464
00:29:31,360 --> 00:29:34,280
Speaker 1: price began dropping towards the end of the span, allowing

465
00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:37,760
Speaker 1: tea merchants to sell the real stuff, people were so

466
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:40,400
Speaker 1: used to fakes that they didn't believe it was green

467
00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:42,640
Speaker 1: tea at all, and they refused to buy it. They

468
00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:46,240
Speaker 1: were like, this doesn't taste like green tea. Oh my goodness, Yeah,

469
00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:48,160
Speaker 1: it kind of reminds me of I feel like that's

470
00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:51,800
Speaker 1: actually happened to a couple of things. Um, when you

471
00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:55,160
Speaker 1: try the real thing, like like, no, that's not it,

472
00:29:55,400 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: that's not a flavor. But in the meanwhile, here a

473
00:29:59,440 --> 00:30:03,320
Speaker 1: couple of things were happening. Um. A popular Irish mystery

474
00:30:03,360 --> 00:30:07,080
Speaker 1: writer by the name of Sheridan Lafanu published a short

475
00:30:07,120 --> 00:30:10,960
Speaker 1: story in eighteen seventy two called Green Tea, and it

476
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,480
Speaker 1: recounts the plight of one Mr Jennings, a clergyman who

477
00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:17,320
Speaker 1: sees the evil spirit of a monkey and turns to

478
00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:20,360
Speaker 1: his doctor for help. His doctor rejects the idea that

479
00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:24,400
Speaker 1: anything supernatural is happening, and after discovering the Jennings drinks

480
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:26,960
Speaker 1: green tea before bed. The doctor claims that this green

481
00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:29,200
Speaker 1: tea is to blame. He contends that the green tea

482
00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:31,560
Speaker 1: is built up in Jennings body and is affecting his

483
00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:35,600
Speaker 1: central nervous system, causing him to hallucinate. This is like

484
00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:40,960
Speaker 1: if House took place. Oh yeah, Victorian, Yeah, yeah, No,

485
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:43,200
Speaker 1: it's it's like it's like sure, it's like Sherlock Holmes,

486
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:45,920
Speaker 1: but about green tea. And I mean it was fiction.

487
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:49,720
Speaker 1: But then in the eighteen nineties, the medical journal land

488
00:30:49,720 --> 00:30:53,640
Speaker 1: Set published a study noting the negative effects of green tea,

489
00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:57,600
Speaker 1: including stomach problems and fluttering of the heart, citing a

490
00:30:57,640 --> 00:31:01,040
Speaker 1: woman profiled in a Scottish medical journal who became hysterical

491
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,320
Speaker 1: after drinking green tea on an empty stomach. Incidentally, her

492
00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:10,720
Speaker 1: physicians calmed her down by administering opium. So she hysterical

493
00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:13,840
Speaker 1: or was she just rightfully mad at somebody? Yeah? And

494
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:16,040
Speaker 1: was she hallucinating because of the green tea or because

495
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:21,240
Speaker 1: of the opium? M M. We have questions, but strange

496
00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:25,720
Speaker 1: additives aside. I wanted to note here during our hallucination

497
00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:28,160
Speaker 1: aside that the regular amounts of green tea do not

498
00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:31,760
Speaker 1: cause hallucinations unless you drink like a really inordinate amount

499
00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:34,680
Speaker 1: of it um or or of anything else that contains caffeine.

500
00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: One two nine study from Latrobe University tested people drinking

501
00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:42,720
Speaker 1: various doses of caffeine and measured how much it would

502
00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:46,240
Speaker 1: take to to actually get them to hallucinate. Um and

503
00:31:46,280 --> 00:31:52,480
Speaker 1: Participants who drank nine cups of green tea or or

504
00:31:52,600 --> 00:31:56,520
Speaker 1: or three cups of coffee were three times more likely

505
00:31:56,880 --> 00:32:01,080
Speaker 1: to hear voices and see objects that were not there. So, well,

506
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:05,800
Speaker 1: it's technically possible to hallucinate by ingesting just massive amounts

507
00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:09,480
Speaker 1: of caffeine via green tea. It would require a great

508
00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:11,360
Speaker 1: deal of the beverage and and it's not going to

509
00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:14,960
Speaker 1: build up in your system to have accumulative effect certainly.

510
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:20,120
Speaker 1: So three cups of coffee is a lot of caffeine. Yeah,

511
00:32:20,720 --> 00:32:30,080
Speaker 1: oh okay, noted, Well, it's it's it's it's not saying

512
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:32,880
Speaker 1: that you're definitely going to hallucinate on three cups of coffee.

513
00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:35,840
Speaker 1: I mean, I think it's like three cups in a row.

514
00:32:36,120 --> 00:32:39,880
Speaker 1: It's not like space. It spread out. Okay, So you're

515
00:32:39,920 --> 00:32:45,040
Speaker 1: doing all right, thank you, thank you. Yeah, there's somebody

516
00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:46,920
Speaker 1: in our office and he I bet like if he

517
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:49,240
Speaker 1: knew we were doing this episode, he knows he's gonna

518
00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:54,480
Speaker 1: come up, Alex. He drinks decalf and everybody we don't

519
00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:56,440
Speaker 1: give him grief for it, but we're kind of confused

520
00:32:56,480 --> 00:33:00,200
Speaker 1: by it, like why would you drink decalf anything? And

521
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:03,400
Speaker 1: I'm I'm like a scientist doing a survey, like tell

522
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:06,960
Speaker 1: me more about this choice. And he's always like, well,

523
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:09,040
Speaker 1: I think you might be drinking too much coffee. And

524
00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:13,800
Speaker 1: now I don't know. I don't want to, Alex can't

525
00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:19,040
Speaker 1: be right. Key things to ponder post depending depending on

526
00:33:19,040 --> 00:33:21,200
Speaker 1: on a lot of things about your about your body weight.

527
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:23,440
Speaker 1: I think off the top of my head that like

528
00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:27,480
Speaker 1: the recommended dosage of caffeine over the course of a

529
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:30,680
Speaker 1: day is like no more than four cups of coffee

530
00:33:30,760 --> 00:33:33,240
Speaker 1: for like an adult human person on in like a

531
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:36,640
Speaker 1: two thousand calorie day diet kind of thing. Um. I think, so,

532
00:33:36,680 --> 00:33:39,320
Speaker 1: I think, I think, and the and that's yeah, you're fine,

533
00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:43,479
Speaker 1: you're fine, eat meals, drink water. You drink so much water? Annie,

534
00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:46,240
Speaker 1: I do. I love how this has become like like

535
00:33:46,280 --> 00:33:49,640
Speaker 1: a therapy session. I'm like, you're you're doing just you're

536
00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:52,160
Speaker 1: doing just all right. I can't wait to do the

537
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:57,880
Speaker 1: episode on caffeine. Oh oh, that's that's a that's a headache. Yep. Well,

538
00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:01,600
Speaker 1: also caffeine withdraw headache. Oh my gosh, they're the worst

539
00:34:02,080 --> 00:34:06,280
Speaker 1: I know. Anyway, visit from the Green Tea Fairy. Aside,

540
00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:09,920
Speaker 1: back to the history tea. It was the drink of

541
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:12,520
Speaker 1: choice in Britain by the eighteenth century, taking the place

542
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:15,360
Speaker 1: of both gin and your breakfast Dale. Any time of

543
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:19,040
Speaker 1: day it was tea time, and aside from me, all capitals,

544
00:34:19,040 --> 00:34:26,239
Speaker 1: many exclamation points, no and my friend lament so much

545
00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:31,040
Speaker 1: that the breakfast beers no longer Because of World War One.

546
00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:36,080
Speaker 1: Um from seventeen o one to seventeen eighty one, tea

547
00:34:36,160 --> 00:34:40,160
Speaker 1: went up from about sixty seven thousand pounds to almost

548
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:45,879
Speaker 1: five million pounds consumed. Yeah, part of this was a

549
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:50,000
Speaker 1: drastic lifting of taxes. Instead of coffee houses, Londoners were

550
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,960
Speaker 1: now enjoying their tea at tea gardens. It was a

551
00:34:53,040 --> 00:34:58,640
Speaker 1: whole thing. The most famous pleasure gardens had horse riding, concerts, fireworks,

552
00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:04,600
Speaker 1: ballrooms and orchestras, boat trips so much more. It makes

553
00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:07,840
Speaker 1: sense then that teas popularity made the hop across the

554
00:35:07,840 --> 00:35:12,759
Speaker 1: Pond to America, in particular the Duchess New Amsterdam. This

555
00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:16,040
Speaker 1: love of tea around Manhattan led to the installation of

556
00:35:16,120 --> 00:35:19,440
Speaker 1: water pumps so that clean drinking water would be available

557
00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:24,719
Speaker 1: to make tea in big New England cities like say Boston.

558
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:28,360
Speaker 1: Maybe uh, nice porcelain tea sets were a sign of

559
00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:33,880
Speaker 1: wealth that all on a way in seventeen sixty seven

560
00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:37,400
Speaker 1: when the British taxed the import of tea and required

561
00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:41,879
Speaker 1: all imported tea be from the East India Company. Two

562
00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:45,319
Speaker 1: years later, ports weren't allowing these goods to dock, and

563
00:35:45,440 --> 00:35:50,759
Speaker 1: things boiled over when seven ships transporting tea attempted to

564
00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:56,480
Speaker 1: dock in Charleston, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, YEP. A

565
00:35:56,480 --> 00:35:58,960
Speaker 1: group of angry fellows boarded one of the ships, dressed

566
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:02,520
Speaker 1: as Native Americans toss three forty chest of tea into

567
00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:07,240
Speaker 1: the river the Boston Tea Party. In response, England closed

568
00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:10,880
Speaker 1: Boston Harbor, and soon after we get the start of

569
00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:17,040
Speaker 1: the American or of independence. Don't tax my tea, Yes,

570
00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,279
Speaker 1: don't tax a lot of things. No tea taxation without

571
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:25,240
Speaker 1: representation exactly, you get it all right. So a brief

572
00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:27,360
Speaker 1: overview of tea time, because we did talk about it

573
00:36:27,400 --> 00:36:29,160
Speaker 1: in a whole episode. Yeah, you can check that one

574
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:32,799
Speaker 1: out if you'd like to. Yes, But briefly, um so

575
00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:35,600
Speaker 1: This meal got its start in Britain around the early

576
00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:38,600
Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds, and as we discussed in that episode, the

577
00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:43,000
Speaker 1: seventh Duschists of Bedford usually gets the credit of the

578
00:36:43,040 --> 00:36:46,360
Speaker 1: British tradition, which she started as a remedy for a

579
00:36:46,440 --> 00:36:50,440
Speaker 1: sinking feeling she experienced between the light refreshments of the

580
00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:53,920
Speaker 1: early luncheon and the late dinner meal. And to stave

581
00:36:53,960 --> 00:36:59,480
Speaker 1: off that stink, that stinking feeling, well it does stink,

582
00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:03,440
Speaker 1: but called it a sinking feeling, she requested tea and

583
00:37:03,560 --> 00:37:07,239
Speaker 1: light refreshments like those little sandwiches we now call tea sandwiches.

584
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:11,640
Speaker 1: In the afternoon, she invited friends, and those friends started

585
00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:14,040
Speaker 1: having their own tea times and inviting friends to their

586
00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:17,640
Speaker 1: tea times, and it spread like wildfire. Add did the

587
00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:20,320
Speaker 1: gossip that was typical to share at a tea time.

588
00:37:20,880 --> 00:37:24,080
Speaker 1: A whole tea industry came out of this, fancy porcelain

589
00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,560
Speaker 1: cups and teapots, books on how two's for tea time,

590
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:30,200
Speaker 1: A stylish tea time might be known as low tea,

591
00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:34,600
Speaker 1: high tea. At one time called meat tea was something different.

592
00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:37,560
Speaker 1: This was sort of a family meal of heavy refreshments.

593
00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:40,440
Speaker 1: In the nineteen hundreds, tea time took on a whole

594
00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:45,440
Speaker 1: new aspect. Tea dances sometimes called tango teas since they

595
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:49,920
Speaker 1: were inspired by Argentine tango and of note, like we

596
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:51,560
Speaker 1: kind of touched on in that episode, this was sort

597
00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:55,279
Speaker 1: of a male sanctioned way for ladies to gather not

598
00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:59,200
Speaker 1: calls too much trouble. I don't know what you're up to. Yeah,

599
00:37:59,239 --> 00:38:03,120
Speaker 1: I think it to be okay if tea's involved. And

600
00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:06,160
Speaker 1: this was as Great Britain was spreading its influence and

601
00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:10,280
Speaker 1: along with that came tea and at the same time,

602
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:14,080
Speaker 1: Great Britain, wanting to save some money, decided they'd rather

603
00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:18,120
Speaker 1: use opium to trade for tea with China, which led

604
00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:22,320
Speaker 1: to wide spread addiction in China to opium. In eighteen

605
00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:25,920
Speaker 1: thirty nine, China destroyed large shipments of opium from Britain

606
00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:29,400
Speaker 1: and the First Opium War started soon after and waged

607
00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:33,239
Speaker 1: on until eighteen forty two. Britain won the port of

608
00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:38,239
Speaker 1: Hong Kong and trade of opium recommenced. Since you could

609
00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:41,800
Speaker 1: still only get tea out of China, Western European countries

610
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:45,160
Speaker 1: started competing to create the fastest ship so as to

611
00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:47,920
Speaker 1: get to the tea first. And return to Europe and

612
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:51,040
Speaker 1: sell it For all the other ships, these were called

613
00:38:51,120 --> 00:38:55,240
Speaker 1: clipper ships or sometimes tea clipper ships. The generally agreed

614
00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:58,759
Speaker 1: upon first of this specific breed was launched from America

615
00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:02,640
Speaker 1: in eighteen forty five UM and the first ship arriving

616
00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:04,439
Speaker 1: with t to sell could get up to a ten

617
00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:08,839
Speaker 1: percent premium on their cargo compared to leadership miss pretty

618
00:39:09,239 --> 00:39:13,920
Speaker 1: pretty hefty sum. So this American clipper ship completed the

619
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:16,160
Speaker 1: trip to China and was back in New York in

620
00:39:16,239 --> 00:39:19,760
Speaker 1: less than eight months. And for comparison, the East India

621
00:39:19,840 --> 00:39:22,919
Speaker 1: ships took over a year to make their journey. So

622
00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:26,120
Speaker 1: Britain was getting a little nervous and they debuted their

623
00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:29,399
Speaker 1: own tea clipper ship five years later UM and these

624
00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:33,239
Speaker 1: could carry over a million pounds of tea. As more

625
00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:38,040
Speaker 1: clipper ships entered the arena, of course, of course they raced.

626
00:39:38,960 --> 00:39:41,840
Speaker 1: The most well known race took place in eighteen sixty six,

627
00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:45,880
Speaker 1: boasting forty participants. It was a three way tie, the

628
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:49,239
Speaker 1: journey taking ninety nine days for the winners. With the

629
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:55,040
Speaker 1: coming of steamships in the seventies, clipper ships faded away. UM.

630
00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:58,600
Speaker 1: A captain of British clipper ship the aerial described his

631
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:03,560
Speaker 1: vessel vessel a perfect beauty to every nautical man who saw,

632
00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:07,440
Speaker 1: and some metrical grace and proportion of whole spar, sales,

633
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:11,160
Speaker 1: rigging and finish. She satisfied the eye and put all

634
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:15,359
Speaker 1: in love with her without exception. Very light airs gave

635
00:40:15,360 --> 00:40:17,399
Speaker 1: her headway and I could trust her like a thing

636
00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:22,280
Speaker 1: alive and all evolutions. Oh no, I didn't realize outside

637
00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:27,560
Speaker 1: that was It eventually disappeared in eighteen seventy two, just

638
00:40:27,719 --> 00:40:32,680
Speaker 1: f y I um. But before that, uh, it came

639
00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:35,759
Speaker 1: in second in this race. Um. I mean three of

640
00:40:35,800 --> 00:40:40,680
Speaker 1: the four competitors main competitors tied and that they arrived

641
00:40:40,719 --> 00:40:43,120
Speaker 1: on the same day. But it was still It was

642
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:46,080
Speaker 1: a huge nautical sporting event. So the ship that docked

643
00:40:46,160 --> 00:40:50,400
Speaker 1: twenty five minutes earlier was seen as the overall winner.

644
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:56,080
Speaker 1: It's a big deal. Enter the British East India Company.

645
00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:58,640
Speaker 1: They wanted to be able to produce their own tea

646
00:40:58,760 --> 00:41:02,680
Speaker 1: and not have to rely on China. They pegged botanist

647
00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:06,760
Speaker 1: Robert Fortune for the job, but indrigue he was hired

648
00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:10,520
Speaker 1: to steal tea from China, so he put on disguise

649
00:41:10,960 --> 00:41:14,760
Speaker 1: checked into Perilous Tea regions and collected some tea trees

650
00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:19,320
Speaker 1: and tea workers that he brought back with him to Darjiling, India.

651
00:41:20,080 --> 00:41:23,360
Speaker 1: Another employee of the East India Company, Charles Bruce, convinced

652
00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:26,520
Speaker 1: some of his fellow employees to cultivate tea trees native

653
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:31,480
Speaker 1: to India's upper Psalm on a commercial scale. In eighty eight,

654
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:36,760
Speaker 1: a psamti from India reached London. Indian tea spread quite

655
00:41:36,840 --> 00:41:40,400
Speaker 1: quickly after that. After the crop up coffee failed in

656
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:44,440
Speaker 1: Ceylon in the eighteen sixties, they switched over to tea

657
00:41:44,560 --> 00:41:49,520
Speaker 1: in eighteen seventies. The East India Company, with pressure from Twinings,

658
00:41:49,560 --> 00:41:54,160
Speaker 1: collapsed in eighteen seventy four and another big name in

659
00:41:54,239 --> 00:41:58,640
Speaker 1: te James Lipton, got into the tea business after visiting Ceylon.

660
00:41:59,080 --> 00:42:02,799
Speaker 1: He was already a millionaire thanks to his grocery business.

661
00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:07,759
Speaker 1: His slogan direct from Tea Gardens to Teapots. Tea in

662
00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:12,160
Speaker 1: Britain saw another monumental jump in tea consumption, from almost

663
00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:15,080
Speaker 1: twenty four million pounds in eighteen o one to about

664
00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:18,879
Speaker 1: two D sixty million by nineteen o one. Tea from

665
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:23,080
Speaker 1: China accounted for only seven percent by that time um

666
00:42:23,120 --> 00:42:25,960
Speaker 1: and this number would start to rise at the end

667
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:28,319
Speaker 1: of nineteen seventies, so more Chinese tea coming back into

668
00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:33,920
Speaker 1: the market. Meanwhile, he never quite recovered in what in

669
00:42:33,960 --> 00:42:37,680
Speaker 1: the United States, where coffee was the drink of choice,

670
00:42:38,040 --> 00:42:41,440
Speaker 1: But it did experience a resurgence with the debut of

671
00:42:41,840 --> 00:42:45,720
Speaker 1: iced tea at the nineteen o four St. Louis World's Fair.

672
00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:47,920
Speaker 1: And this was sort of an accident too. It was

673
00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:51,160
Speaker 1: originally hot tea, but it was a hot day, so

674
00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:54,480
Speaker 1: no one was into it, and the vendor iced it.

675
00:42:55,040 --> 00:42:59,040
Speaker 1: And iced tea now makes up eighty percent of America's

676
00:42:59,040 --> 00:43:02,960
Speaker 1: tea market. It's a lot, but it doesn't surprise me.

677
00:43:03,760 --> 00:43:05,920
Speaker 1: I mean, living in the South with sweet tea and everything,

678
00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:08,759
Speaker 1: it surprises me. But I think it's like, when I

679
00:43:08,840 --> 00:43:11,759
Speaker 1: think about it, it does make sense. But hearing that

680
00:43:11,760 --> 00:43:13,839
Speaker 1: that's a lot of the tea, that is a lot.

681
00:43:14,800 --> 00:43:18,520
Speaker 1: Another modern tea invention made in America was the tea bag.

682
00:43:19,239 --> 00:43:22,319
Speaker 1: There are competing origin stories for how it became popular there.

683
00:43:22,360 --> 00:43:24,960
Speaker 1: There was a patent filed by two women from Milwaukee

684
00:43:25,040 --> 00:43:27,960
Speaker 1: in nineteen o one for this stitched fabric pouch that

685
00:43:28,000 --> 00:43:30,360
Speaker 1: was meant to allow tea leaves access to hot water

686
00:43:30,440 --> 00:43:33,840
Speaker 1: and and expand to make a single cup of tea.

687
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:36,200
Speaker 1: A few years later, in nineteen o eight, though, a

688
00:43:36,360 --> 00:43:40,680
Speaker 1: tea merchant started using these small glued silk satchels to

689
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:44,759
Speaker 1: to send samples to his customers, who unexpectedly used them

690
00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:47,359
Speaker 1: as single cup infusers like to the point that when

691
00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:49,799
Speaker 1: they ordered the teas they had sampled and the teas

692
00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:53,719
Speaker 1: arrived loose leaf, the customers were like, dude, what what?

693
00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:55,879
Speaker 1: Why is why is this not? Why is this loose leaf?

694
00:43:55,880 --> 00:43:58,000
Speaker 1: Why is it not in those convenient bags? And so

695
00:43:58,040 --> 00:44:02,440
Speaker 1: the merchant started selling tea in bags. The strings and

696
00:44:02,480 --> 00:44:05,560
Speaker 1: tags seemed to have been around since basically the beginning

697
00:44:05,960 --> 00:44:10,160
Speaker 1: um and bags originally came in pot size or cup size.

698
00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:16,040
Speaker 1: Whoa h. In nine thirty one, the CTC manufacturing process

699
00:44:16,120 --> 00:44:18,920
Speaker 1: was developed by the superintendent of this of this British

700
00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:23,120
Speaker 1: owned Assam India Tea estate, thus making it much cheaper

701
00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:27,960
Speaker 1: and easier to produce black tea, especially for bagging, and

702
00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:32,000
Speaker 1: Lifton claims that they were the first to put the

703
00:44:32,040 --> 00:44:36,000
Speaker 1: brewing instructions on the tag of those tea bags, perhaps

704
00:44:36,040 --> 00:44:40,240
Speaker 1: around that time. In ninety nine, the folded double chamber

705
00:44:40,239 --> 00:44:42,640
Speaker 1: bags that are still in wide use today first appeared,

706
00:44:42,719 --> 00:44:48,840
Speaker 1: developed by a German tea company called t Kankan. Possibly

707
00:44:50,960 --> 00:44:55,120
Speaker 1: the last London tea auction took place in and in

708
00:44:55,200 --> 00:44:58,640
Speaker 1: two thousand three, the British Royal Society of Chemistry ran

709
00:44:58,880 --> 00:45:02,279
Speaker 1: some experiments and a termined once and for all that

710
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:04,880
Speaker 1: the best way to fix yourself a cup of tea

711
00:45:05,080 --> 00:45:07,120
Speaker 1: if you're going to add milk, is to add the

712
00:45:07,160 --> 00:45:10,279
Speaker 1: milk to the cup first and then pour the hot

713
00:45:10,280 --> 00:45:13,800
Speaker 1: tea on top of that, because otherwise the larger surface

714
00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:17,360
Speaker 1: area of the hot tea is gonna de nature some

715
00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:21,160
Speaker 1: of the proteins in the milk, creating off flavors. Dear me,

716
00:45:21,840 --> 00:45:25,360
Speaker 1: I know what a serious business it is. Also, if

717
00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:27,680
Speaker 1: you've ever heard that you can only have milk or

718
00:45:27,800 --> 00:45:30,480
Speaker 1: lemon in your tea, it's because the acids of the

719
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:33,960
Speaker 1: lemon can curdle the milk right in your cup. So

720
00:45:34,239 --> 00:45:37,320
Speaker 1: when I was talking about my experience of tea Time

721
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:39,960
Speaker 1: in our Tea Time episode in Britain, and I added

722
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:43,000
Speaker 1: the milk afterward and then the lemon on top of that,

723
00:45:43,080 --> 00:45:46,480
Speaker 1: I made three mistakes, not just two, and probably I

724
00:45:46,480 --> 00:45:50,920
Speaker 1: didn't steep it correctly. I think it's pretty common for

725
00:45:50,960 --> 00:45:53,040
Speaker 1: people to add the milk on top of the tea,

726
00:45:53,120 --> 00:45:56,160
Speaker 1: but the lemon was definitely a faufa I said in

727
00:45:56,200 --> 00:46:03,799
Speaker 1: that episode, people made sounds like and then I'd hear

728
00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:06,759
Speaker 1: muttering and I'm like, well, do I pour it out?

729
00:46:06,880 --> 00:46:11,719
Speaker 1: Or do I have to stick with you? Do? Oh yeah,

730
00:46:11,760 --> 00:46:16,719
Speaker 1: I'm like, well, there's only one thing to do ahead, right,

731
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:21,040
Speaker 1: but now, but now you know the science I do.

732
00:46:21,239 --> 00:46:23,719
Speaker 1: But we have some more science for you. Well we do,

733
00:46:23,760 --> 00:46:25,960
Speaker 1: but first we've got one more quick break for a

734
00:46:25,960 --> 00:46:40,120
Speaker 1: word from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes,

735
00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:44,399
Speaker 1: thank you. So. Because it is such a popular drink,

736
00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:48,280
Speaker 1: there is a lot of research into the potential health

737
00:46:48,320 --> 00:46:52,279
Speaker 1: benefits and the potential health hazards of tea. Oh boy,

738
00:46:53,719 --> 00:46:57,640
Speaker 1: t does contain two psychoactive compounds. The aforementioned caffeine, which

739
00:46:57,640 --> 00:47:00,479
Speaker 1: makes up between one and six percent of teas dry weight,

740
00:47:00,560 --> 00:47:04,680
Speaker 1: which in your final cup creates less than about half

741
00:47:04,680 --> 00:47:06,360
Speaker 1: the amount then you get from a cup of coffee,

742
00:47:06,680 --> 00:47:09,799
Speaker 1: and um, the aine, which is an amino acid that

743
00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:14,520
Speaker 1: can reduce anxiety and induce a kind of relaxed alertness.

744
00:47:14,760 --> 00:47:17,440
Speaker 1: Huh yeah, people say that it's it's what makes tea

745
00:47:17,480 --> 00:47:22,000
Speaker 1: sort of soothing. Oh, that's interesting. Yeah. The other most

746
00:47:22,040 --> 00:47:25,480
Speaker 1: researched compounds and t are those uh those aform mentioned

747
00:47:25,640 --> 00:47:30,960
Speaker 1: polyphenols such as tannins, catechins, and epic catekans um Oolong

748
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:35,920
Speaker 1: in particular contains um a, a polyphenol flavonoid that was

749
00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:41,759
Speaker 1: first identified in Woolong te and it's called wolong homobis flavorings.

750
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:44,920
Speaker 1: That reminds me of the character from The Simpsons, you know,

751
00:47:44,960 --> 00:47:49,080
Speaker 1: the science character, and he's like, oh, he just makes

752
00:47:49,160 --> 00:47:54,080
Speaker 1: random bounds. I think that's right. It's exactly like that.

753
00:47:54,239 --> 00:47:59,760
Speaker 1: Oh good, yeah, um, but yeah. All of these polyphenols

754
00:47:59,840 --> 00:48:04,120
Speaker 1: are molecules that can have antioxidant properties. That is, they

755
00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:08,319
Speaker 1: can they can bond with and neutralize oxidants, which are

756
00:48:08,400 --> 00:48:11,600
Speaker 1: molecules that, if left alone in your body, can contribute

757
00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:17,040
Speaker 1: to some cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. UM antioxidants can

758
00:48:17,080 --> 00:48:20,560
Speaker 1: also help regulate blood sugar levels in the body, which

759
00:48:21,360 --> 00:48:24,520
Speaker 1: is all great um and large long term studies have

760
00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:28,000
Speaker 1: shown the drinking tea often is is associated with lower

761
00:48:28,040 --> 00:48:32,960
Speaker 1: rates of diabetes and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, but

762
00:48:33,680 --> 00:48:37,680
Speaker 1: the tea drinkers in those studies apparently have slightly healthier

763
00:48:37,719 --> 00:48:41,279
Speaker 1: habits overall than most folks, so it was hard for

764
00:48:41,320 --> 00:48:44,160
Speaker 1: the researchers to say whether the tea itself was doing

765
00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:48,840
Speaker 1: the work in terms of health. Basically, if you like tea,

766
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:52,279
Speaker 1: you know, get down to your bad self. Um. If

767
00:48:52,280 --> 00:48:57,280
Speaker 1: your caffeine sensitive, consider switching from coffee to tea. Certainly, Um,

768
00:48:57,320 --> 00:49:00,839
Speaker 1: but starting a tea habit is not going to keep

769
00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:03,719
Speaker 1: you or make you healthy on its own. Don't don't

770
00:49:03,719 --> 00:49:07,480
Speaker 1: expect tea to work miracles. It's just it's just tea. Yeah,

771
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:09,480
Speaker 1: and you know, if you're drinking it for your health,

772
00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:13,520
Speaker 1: go light on the cream and sugar. Yeah, maybe avoid

773
00:49:13,560 --> 00:49:19,720
Speaker 1: it entirely. I remember, But I think before Starbucks switched

774
00:49:19,760 --> 00:49:23,320
Speaker 1: to posting their calories where you could see them, that

775
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:27,319
Speaker 1: used to get the chai thinking well, this must be better,

776
00:49:27,520 --> 00:49:34,839
Speaker 1: must be healthy. M Nope, it was like worse than

777
00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:39,799
Speaker 1: what I I previously would order. So always you know,

778
00:49:39,960 --> 00:49:42,759
Speaker 1: know what you're know what you're getting. Yeah, absolutely, re

779
00:49:42,880 --> 00:49:48,280
Speaker 1: read that calorie information. Um. Oh but uh, important question,

780
00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:55,000
Speaker 1: does decaffeination make a difference in the potential healthfulness of tea? Yeah,

781
00:49:55,040 --> 00:50:01,400
Speaker 1: Alex the short. The short to answer, um is that

782
00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:06,080
Speaker 1: no one knows for sure. Oh sorry, way to ghost science. Um,

783
00:50:06,320 --> 00:50:08,920
Speaker 1: but but it probably depends on the specific type of

784
00:50:08,960 --> 00:50:13,640
Speaker 1: decafe tea or coffee that you're drinking. Um, but for

785
00:50:13,680 --> 00:50:17,200
Speaker 1: sure some of the potentially beneficial compounds in t can

786
00:50:17,239 --> 00:50:21,120
Speaker 1: make it through the decaffeination process. I sort of want

787
00:50:21,120 --> 00:50:23,680
Speaker 1: to do a whole episode on decaffeation at some point.

788
00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:26,320
Speaker 1: But um, but they're okay. There are four main methods,

789
00:50:26,320 --> 00:50:29,360
Speaker 1: all of which involve using a liquid solution to draw

790
00:50:29,680 --> 00:50:32,800
Speaker 1: the caffeine molecules out of the tea leaves or coffee

791
00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:36,160
Speaker 1: beans or whatever. Um. Three of those methods filter the

792
00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:41,000
Speaker 1: caffeine out and then like soak the decaffeinated leaves in

793
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:44,080
Speaker 1: in the in the clean uncaffeinated solutions so that they

794
00:50:44,120 --> 00:50:47,160
Speaker 1: can reabsorb any flavor compounds and other desired stuff that

795
00:50:47,160 --> 00:50:50,560
Speaker 1: also got drawn out along with the caffeine. Yeah. Um,

796
00:50:50,600 --> 00:50:53,680
Speaker 1: and they are all, by the way, generally agreed to

797
00:50:53,680 --> 00:50:57,560
Speaker 1: be safe under normal use scenarios. All of those chemicals

798
00:50:57,600 --> 00:51:00,480
Speaker 1: that are used to leach the caffeine out. I mean, like,

799
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:05,680
Speaker 1: don't don't don't vapor smoke your decaf tea leaves. Um,

800
00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:09,960
Speaker 1: don't you know, snort them or drink like more than

801
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:15,160
Speaker 1: fifty gallons a day. That's generally not healthy. Um, but

802
00:51:15,160 --> 00:51:18,600
Speaker 1: but don't also don't stress out about about chemicals in

803
00:51:18,680 --> 00:51:23,320
Speaker 1: your decaft. And furthermore, remember that all foods and drinks,

804
00:51:23,560 --> 00:51:27,800
Speaker 1: and humans and plants and cute little kittens are We're

805
00:51:27,880 --> 00:51:31,040
Speaker 1: all made up of chemicals. So I feel like this

806
00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:34,920
Speaker 1: is at the end of a PBS episode, tying it

807
00:51:34,960 --> 00:51:39,040
Speaker 1: together with the lesson Yeah, yeah, this is this is

808
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:44,000
Speaker 1: the second lesson of the day. We're all chemicals, and

809
00:51:44,040 --> 00:51:50,880
Speaker 1: then the star and rainbow goes across doo doo doo doo. Yeah.

810
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:55,920
Speaker 1: I feel I feel like I've learned something today. I

811
00:51:55,920 --> 00:51:58,040
Speaker 1: feel like We've learned several things today. This has been

812
00:51:58,080 --> 00:52:00,960
Speaker 1: a who knew, well, we should would have known so

813
00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:05,279
Speaker 1: you would come with so much yeah, and so so

814
00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:08,480
Speaker 1: much more, But but not not for today, because today

815
00:52:08,560 --> 00:52:14,240
Speaker 1: we have reached the time when we read some listener

816
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:23,000
Speaker 1: man yes, like stirring a ticup. Okay, yeah, try to

817
00:52:23,000 --> 00:52:27,080
Speaker 1: come with some kind of motion. One day, I'm going

818
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:31,920
Speaker 1: to run out of emotions, emotions, and it'll be the

819
00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:33,279
Speaker 1: same day. It's going to be a hard day, and

820
00:52:33,320 --> 00:52:35,560
Speaker 1: then I'll be a robot. I can always do the

821
00:52:35,680 --> 00:52:38,560
Speaker 1: robot thing, and Dylan will always crack up it'll be fine,

822
00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:45,600
Speaker 1: it'll be great. Yes, yes, I do a really bad robot. Hey,

823
00:52:45,840 --> 00:52:48,560
Speaker 1: I that's there's no such thing as a bad robot.

824
00:52:49,360 --> 00:52:52,839
Speaker 1: I have a one last lesson for for everyone is

825
00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:57,960
Speaker 1: I remember when I learned the lesson that half of

826
00:52:58,080 --> 00:53:02,279
Speaker 1: enjoying yourself when dancing is confidence. Yeah, like if even

827
00:53:02,360 --> 00:53:05,919
Speaker 1: if you're bad, just go out there have fun. Confidently

828
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:09,759
Speaker 1: have fun because I'm not I love dancing. I'm not

829
00:53:09,880 --> 00:53:15,680
Speaker 1: very good, but I'm confident. That's all that counts, thank you.

830
00:53:16,600 --> 00:53:18,680
Speaker 1: It is when among friends at once I tried to

831
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:20,719
Speaker 1: I used to compete in dancing, and that was a

832
00:53:20,760 --> 00:53:24,200
Speaker 1: different thing. But yeah, that's not when it it doesn't

833
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:26,920
Speaker 1: work then, but in social scenarios, when you're trying to

834
00:53:26,960 --> 00:53:32,240
Speaker 1: have fun up. That's that's my my order of advice

835
00:53:32,280 --> 00:53:37,920
Speaker 1: about that. Um okay, this first letter is from a jazz.

836
00:53:38,239 --> 00:53:41,279
Speaker 1: I am sorry if I'm mispronouncing your name, but a

837
00:53:41,400 --> 00:53:44,320
Speaker 1: Jazz wrote, uh, and it's about our t episodes, so

838
00:53:44,360 --> 00:53:47,800
Speaker 1: I wanted to include it. One. The sticky out little

839
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:50,400
Speaker 1: finger thing, I've always been told that people did this

840
00:53:50,520 --> 00:53:53,080
Speaker 1: because clean spoons, et cetera. Were hard to come by,

841
00:53:53,160 --> 00:53:55,279
Speaker 1: and so people would keep their little finger out of

842
00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:57,759
Speaker 1: the way while touching and picking up things to keep

843
00:53:57,760 --> 00:54:00,479
Speaker 1: it clean. They would then use the nail the clean

844
00:54:00,560 --> 00:54:04,080
Speaker 1: pinky to scoop up sugar to stir into their tea.

845
00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:06,720
Speaker 1: It's can also be a reason why it's considered crass,

846
00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:10,560
Speaker 1: because if you are rich, you can afford clean cutlery

847
00:54:10,719 --> 00:54:14,160
Speaker 1: to tea being a woman's drink coffee being a man's drink. Originally,

848
00:54:14,239 --> 00:54:17,480
Speaker 1: both were considered male beverages because of the caffeine content.

849
00:54:17,840 --> 00:54:21,560
Speaker 1: They thought it wasn't good for the female temperament. Only

850
00:54:21,640 --> 00:54:23,960
Speaker 1: after tea started to be served with milk did it

851
00:54:24,040 --> 00:54:26,799
Speaker 1: become mild enough for women to drink, and so then

852
00:54:26,840 --> 00:54:30,440
Speaker 1: allowed for separate gender drinking. I hope this was actually

853
00:54:30,480 --> 00:54:33,880
Speaker 1: interesting that I haven't just bored you with my colloquialisms. Surprisingly,

854
00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:36,440
Speaker 1: I don't drink tea. My mom never allowed it as

855
00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:39,080
Speaker 1: she wanted to save us from yellow teeth. You can

856
00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:41,839
Speaker 1: imagine how well this goes down in a tea obsesstination.

857
00:54:42,160 --> 00:54:46,040
Speaker 1: Oh she is from the UK, Yeah, um, yeah, we did.

858
00:54:46,080 --> 00:54:49,600
Speaker 1: Hear a lot of I find very fascinating different stories

859
00:54:49,640 --> 00:54:53,520
Speaker 1: about the pinky thing. In particular, one was that it

860
00:54:53,640 --> 00:55:01,239
Speaker 1: singled like swinging huh. Okay, well, you know, there's a

861
00:55:01,320 --> 00:55:04,560
Speaker 1: lot going on that we don't know about the pinkies

862
00:55:04,640 --> 00:55:06,520
Speaker 1: out I just, like I said, I just do it

863
00:55:06,560 --> 00:55:08,880
Speaker 1: for balance. I'm I don't even think about it, just

864
00:55:08,920 --> 00:55:12,200
Speaker 1: happy it just happens. Yeah, yeah, but it was. It's

865
00:55:12,239 --> 00:55:16,279
Speaker 1: been great hearing from people because we really don't drink

866
00:55:16,360 --> 00:55:18,720
Speaker 1: much tea in the US. Um. Yeah, we certainly certainly

867
00:55:18,760 --> 00:55:21,839
Speaker 1: not with the cultural no yeah weight that it has

868
00:55:21,960 --> 00:55:24,440
Speaker 1: in a lot of other places. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, So

869
00:55:24,520 --> 00:55:29,680
Speaker 1: keep those stories coming. Absolutely. Also, Matt wrote, been listening

870
00:55:29,680 --> 00:55:31,520
Speaker 1: for a while, but I finally had reason to write

871
00:55:31,520 --> 00:55:33,760
Speaker 1: in and I'm so excited to have this story to share.

872
00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:36,360
Speaker 1: A few years ago, my wife and I were fortunate

873
00:55:36,440 --> 00:55:39,200
Speaker 1: enough to be able to take a vacation in French Polynesia.

874
00:55:39,520 --> 00:55:42,080
Speaker 1: We stayed on the island of Maria and went on

875
00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:44,960
Speaker 1: a rainforest type with a local guide, Yvette. She was

876
00:55:45,040 --> 00:55:48,839
Speaker 1: wonderfully informative about the traditional uses of local flora, including

877
00:55:49,239 --> 00:55:53,720
Speaker 1: the bread fruit. In the podcast, you mentioned the tradition

878
00:55:53,719 --> 00:55:56,319
Speaker 1: in some parts of Polynesia of planting a bread fruit

879
00:55:56,360 --> 00:55:58,840
Speaker 1: tree when a child is born to guarantee that they

880
00:55:58,880 --> 00:56:02,160
Speaker 1: won't go hungry. But there's more to the story. In

881
00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:04,040
Speaker 1: addition to being a good source of food for the

882
00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:06,880
Speaker 1: new child, it's also viewed as a good omen to do.

883
00:56:06,960 --> 00:56:09,680
Speaker 1: So indeed, you can usually tell how many children are

884
00:56:09,680 --> 00:56:11,959
Speaker 1: in a household by counting the number of bread fruit

885
00:56:11,960 --> 00:56:15,640
Speaker 1: trees outside. Additionally, and this is the really interesting part.

886
00:56:15,880 --> 00:56:18,400
Speaker 1: When planting the tree to celebrate a new baby, the

887
00:56:18,480 --> 00:56:21,600
Speaker 1: seed is planted with the placenta as it's an excellent

888
00:56:21,640 --> 00:56:24,280
Speaker 1: fertilizer and helps the young tree to get a good start.

889
00:56:24,719 --> 00:56:27,720
Speaker 1: So this also creates a stronger connection between the people

890
00:56:27,880 --> 00:56:30,279
Speaker 1: and the bread fruit trees. Then if I plant this,

891
00:56:30,360 --> 00:56:32,399
Speaker 1: the baby won't be hungry. I just thought you would

892
00:56:32,400 --> 00:56:35,080
Speaker 1: be interested in this additional information about the bread fruit.

893
00:56:35,320 --> 00:56:37,800
Speaker 1: Our hike finished up with a meal of tropical fruit

894
00:56:37,960 --> 00:56:43,160
Speaker 1: and fried bread fruit, and it was delicious. Ah, that

895
00:56:43,280 --> 00:56:46,520
Speaker 1: sounds delicious. That does the fried bread fruit part. Maybe

896
00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:51,160
Speaker 1: not the placenta part, but now, oh yeah, that's that's fascinating.

897
00:56:51,200 --> 00:56:54,080
Speaker 1: I love it. I love I love like weird visceral

898
00:56:54,160 --> 00:56:57,799
Speaker 1: connections to your land. Yeah, and I love that you

899
00:56:57,840 --> 00:57:01,040
Speaker 1: could in theory look outside and oh they have the

900
00:57:01,239 --> 00:57:04,200
Speaker 1: three children. There's three bread fruit trees there, and also

901
00:57:04,239 --> 00:57:06,840
Speaker 1: growing up be like, oh that's my tree. Literally a

902
00:57:06,840 --> 00:57:09,680
Speaker 1: part of me. Hopefully it'd be better than your siblings. Tree.

903
00:57:09,880 --> 00:57:14,680
Speaker 1: Oh I like that, you immediately went there. It's an

904
00:57:14,719 --> 00:57:17,520
Speaker 1: only child. I don't have these kind of emotions sibling

905
00:57:17,560 --> 00:57:25,320
Speaker 1: politics right away, comition trees taller and stronger than yours,

906
00:57:25,320 --> 00:57:27,280
Speaker 1: and the answer would be mus tree, you as more

907
00:57:27,280 --> 00:57:29,520
Speaker 1: bread fruit, And then the other person would be like, oh,

908
00:57:29,600 --> 00:57:35,440
Speaker 1: my tree is the strongest one. You can never win anyway.

909
00:57:36,040 --> 00:57:42,000
Speaker 1: Another lesson. Absolutely, we're we're really sharing some wisdom with

910
00:57:42,040 --> 00:57:45,080
Speaker 1: you all today. We really are. And you have any

911
00:57:45,120 --> 00:57:48,120
Speaker 1: wisdom to share with us, you can. Our email is

912
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:51,000
Speaker 1: food stuff at house to works dot com, where also

913
00:57:51,200 --> 00:57:53,920
Speaker 1: on social media you can find us on Facebook and

914
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:56,840
Speaker 1: Twitter at food stuff hs W and also over on

915
00:57:56,960 --> 00:57:59,840
Speaker 1: Instagram at food Stuff. We do hope to hear from you.

916
00:58:00,360 --> 00:58:03,440
Speaker 1: Thank you as always to our amazing super producer Dylan

917
00:58:03,480 --> 00:58:10,960
Speaker 1: Fagan many headphones. Thank you to you for listening um,

918
00:58:10,960 --> 00:58:12,640
Speaker 1: and we hope that lots more good things are coming

919
00:58:12,720 --> 00:58:13,600
Speaker 1: your way