WEBVTT - The White Wolf 0:00:01.680 --> 0:00:06.920 Coo Zone Media. 0:00:07.960 --> 0:00:13.320 On August tenth, nineteen eighty nine, around nine thirty pm, 0:00:13.480 --> 0:00:16.800 a white sedan pulled up outside the United Nations Transition 0:00:16.880 --> 0:00:23.840 Assistance Groups administrative headquarters in Autyo, a town in northern Namibia. 0:00:24.120 --> 0:00:26.880 They had what appeared to be UN issued license plates 0:00:27.440 --> 0:00:29.880 and the United Nations emblem was painted on the side, 0:00:30.840 --> 0:00:34.440 so perhaps it didn't look out of place there at first. 0:00:35.479 --> 0:00:38.920 Initial reports say witnesses saw three men dressed in green 0:00:38.960 --> 0:00:43.640 camouflage uniforms. The UN Transition Assistance Group had arrived in 0:00:43.680 --> 0:00:48.280 Namibia four months earlier, authorized by UN Resolution four thirty five. 0:00:49.600 --> 0:00:52.400 The resolution had actually been adopted over a decade earlier, 0:00:53.280 --> 0:00:55.680 but it took that entire decade to get all parties to. 0:00:55.600 --> 0:00:56.320 Come to the table. 0:00:57.600 --> 0:00:59.920 The Transition Assistance Group was there to ensure the sea 0:01:00.160 --> 0:01:03.920 fire was honored, that South African troops would withdraw from Namibia, 0:01:04.760 --> 0:01:06.959 and that the upcoming election would be free and fair. 0:01:08.680 --> 0:01:11.720 Those first four months had not been without incident, but 0:01:11.800 --> 0:01:14.880 a ceasefire was re established Over the summer. The South 0:01:14.920 --> 0:01:18.800 African military was withdrawing s planned and UN officials were 0:01:18.800 --> 0:01:22.720 making progress on disarming and disbanding the citizen militias. Paid 0:01:22.760 --> 0:01:26.920 by the South African government. If things continued on this path, 0:01:27.520 --> 0:01:31.280 it was looking good for the November elections. But not 0:01:31.319 --> 0:01:34.679 everyone was on board with UN Resolution four thirty five. 0:01:36.200 --> 0:01:40.120 One small group in particular, calling itself Axi Kontra four 0:01:40.160 --> 0:01:44.280 three five Action against four thirty five, did just what 0:01:44.319 --> 0:01:45.119 the name implies. 0:01:46.480 --> 0:01:47.320 They took action. 0:01:50.520 --> 0:01:52.520 When those men in green camos stepped out of their 0:01:52.560 --> 0:01:56.200 car outside the UN offices in Autyo that night. They 0:01:56.240 --> 0:02:01.200 opened fire with automatic weapons hand grenades caused extensive damage 0:02:01.240 --> 0:02:05.920 to the buildings, both the administrative offices and the sleeping quarters. 0:02:07.040 --> 0:02:09.760 A security guard named Michael Hoseg was killed in the attack, 0:02:11.280 --> 0:02:14.800 but the men fled into the night without finishing the mission. 0:02:20.120 --> 0:02:23.399 The entire cell was arrested fairly quickly, and authorities found 0:02:23.440 --> 0:02:26.280 a massive arsenal of guns and explosives the group planned 0:02:26.280 --> 0:02:29.400 to use in future attacks on United Nations targets with 0:02:29.520 --> 0:02:33.040 the goal of stopping the upcoming elections. And those men 0:02:33.040 --> 0:02:35.720 were in custody in November when the elections were held, 0:02:37.120 --> 0:02:38.119 but they didn't stay there. 0:02:39.440 --> 0:02:40.160 They escaped. 0:02:41.400 --> 0:02:45.440 They'd failed to prevent Namibian independence, but now the fight 0:02:45.520 --> 0:02:48.560 was in South Africa and they would do everything in 0:02:48.600 --> 0:02:54.959 their power to prevent the end of apartheid. I'm Molly Kunger, 0:02:55.960 --> 0:03:15.600 and this is where there were GUIDs. This is still 0:03:16.080 --> 0:03:20.480 the story of Monica Huggett Stone, the elderly South African 0:03:20.520 --> 0:03:23.640 woman who was living in Mandeville, Louisiana, when she organized 0:03:23.680 --> 0:03:27.880 a series of nationwide Nazi rallies in twenty twelve. But 0:03:27.960 --> 0:03:31.280 she isn't in this part of the story because I 0:03:31.320 --> 0:03:34.200 can't tell you about the international network of mercenaries she 0:03:34.280 --> 0:03:37.800 was organizing in nineteen ninety four without telling you a 0:03:37.800 --> 0:03:41.280 little bit more about some of those men, who they 0:03:41.280 --> 0:03:43.640 were and what they were up to in the years 0:03:43.720 --> 0:03:45.960 leading up to that deadly shootout with the police on 0:03:46.000 --> 0:03:50.120 the eve of the South African elections. I know I 0:03:50.160 --> 0:03:53.960 don't have to make excuses for this meandering narrative. It's 0:03:54.000 --> 0:03:55.640 my story, and I'll tell it the only way I 0:03:55.680 --> 0:03:58.520 know how. I never know where we're going when I 0:03:58.520 --> 0:04:01.040 start putting my notes together, and I really can't help 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:05.600 but chase down this seemingly infinite number of surprisingly deep 0:04:05.640 --> 0:04:10.760 rabbit holes. And I'm so fascinated by this international network. 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:14.760 It's come up a bit in other stories. 0:04:15.960 --> 0:04:18.760 Dennis Mahon and Tom Metzger had close ties with Heritage 0:04:18.800 --> 0:04:22.440 Front in Canada. In the early nineties, Denis Mayhon flew 0:04:22.480 --> 0:04:25.280 to Germany to show German neo Nazis a good old 0:04:25.279 --> 0:04:28.880 fashioned American ku Klux Klan cross burning, and he gave 0:04:28.920 --> 0:04:32.240 fiery speeches stoking the flames of the anti immigrant riots 0:04:32.240 --> 0:04:36.360 that were exploding across Germany at the time. The week 0:04:36.400 --> 0:04:38.800 before Dennis started making that bomb that he went to 0:04:38.800 --> 0:04:42.320 prison for, he'd been hanging out with an Ulster unionist 0:04:42.600 --> 0:04:45.280 who'd carried up bombings in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. 0:04:47.440 --> 0:04:50.719 British Holocaust denied David Irving traveled regularly to the United 0:04:50.720 --> 0:04:55.120 States to network with American white supremacists. Frank Sweeney joined 0:04:55.160 --> 0:04:57.599 the American Nazi Party in New Jersey as a teenager 0:04:57.640 --> 0:05:01.880 and later joined the Rhodesian Army as a mercenary. Members 0:05:01.880 --> 0:05:04.960 of American white supremacist groups like the Base, Adam Waffen, 0:05:05.040 --> 0:05:07.920 and the Rise Above movement and its spin off active clubs, 0:05:08.520 --> 0:05:11.760 have a particular fondness for traveling to Ukraine to fight 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:15.920 with far right groups like the azof Battalion. Patriot Front. 0:05:15.920 --> 0:05:18.799 Flags have popped up at Neo Nazi marches and Poland 0:05:19.160 --> 0:05:21.440 and its members have met with leaders of foreign fascist 0:05:21.480 --> 0:05:24.520 groups like the Nordic Resistance Movement in Sweden and Cossa. 0:05:24.240 --> 0:05:25.040 Pound in Italy. 0:05:26.480 --> 0:05:28.279 One of the young men arrested in connection with the 0:05:28.320 --> 0:05:32.159 Terogram Collective was taken into custody at the airport before 0:05:32.200 --> 0:05:34.040 he could board a flight to Ukraine to join the 0:05:34.120 --> 0:05:40.160 Russian Volunteer Corps. The fascists, racists, and anti Semites of 0:05:40.200 --> 0:05:45.120 the world are obsessed with borders, but they don't seem 0:05:45.160 --> 0:05:49.320 to mind crossing them. So that's what we're exploring here. 0:05:50.320 --> 0:05:52.440 And we'll find Monica again in the next chapter of 0:05:52.480 --> 0:05:54.520 this story when she does a bit of border crossing 0:05:54.560 --> 0:05:57.960 of her own, but that's not until nineteen ninety four, 0:05:59.040 --> 0:06:05.840 and right now it's nineteen eighty nine. In nineteen eighty nine, 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:10.120 South Africa was still five years away from ending apartheid, 0:06:10.600 --> 0:06:14.080 five years away from holding their first election with universal suffrage, 0:06:14.600 --> 0:06:17.640 five years away from electing Nelson Mandela as their first 0:06:17.680 --> 0:06:21.880 post apartheid president. In nineteen eighty nine, Nelson Mandela was 0:06:21.880 --> 0:06:25.359 still in prison, where he'd been since nineteen sixty two. 0:06:26.920 --> 0:06:30.400 But in nineteen eighty nine, one of South Africa's neighbors 0:06:31.160 --> 0:06:34.039 was taking the leap into multi racial democracy. 0:06:35.680 --> 0:06:36.000 Well. 0:06:36.400 --> 0:06:40.000 Whether or not South Africa considered Namibia to be a 0:06:40.040 --> 0:06:44.600 neighboring country or a country at all, depends on who 0:06:44.640 --> 0:06:48.400 you ask. The present day nation of Namibia had been 0:06:48.400 --> 0:06:51.400 a German colony from eighteen eighty four until nineteen fifteen. 0:06:52.560 --> 0:06:56.200 During World War One, when everyone was a little preoccupied elsewhere, 0:06:56.880 --> 0:07:01.720 South Africa captured the colony known as Southwest Afria. In 0:07:01.800 --> 0:07:04.560 nineteen sixty six, the United Nations General Assembly passed a 0:07:04.600 --> 0:07:07.360 resolution declaring that South Africa no longer had a right 0:07:07.440 --> 0:07:11.480 to the territory, but South Africa continued illegally occupying the 0:07:11.520 --> 0:07:16.280 area that the United Nations now recognized as Namibia. The 0:07:16.320 --> 0:07:20.560 conflict lasted over two decades. The South African Border War 0:07:20.720 --> 0:07:24.520 wasn't just about South Africa's desire to extend apartheid into 0:07:24.600 --> 0:07:29.920 this colonial territory. It was inextricably intertwined with other conflicts 0:07:29.960 --> 0:07:32.560 in the region, things like the Angle and Civil War. 0:07:34.120 --> 0:07:36.920 It was a modern consequence of the nineteenth century Scramble 0:07:36.960 --> 0:07:40.640 for Africa. It was the unraveling of a century of colonialism. 0:07:41.400 --> 0:07:45.280 It was fueled by Cold War anxiety about communist guerrilla 0:07:45.360 --> 0:07:50.160 forces and Soviet influence, and it was about white anxiety. 0:07:51.160 --> 0:07:54.320 If Black Africans were allowed to participate in government, if 0:07:54.360 --> 0:07:57.320 they were, god forbid, allowed to rule their own nations, 0:07:58.360 --> 0:08:02.920 what would they do with that power. The whole world 0:08:02.920 --> 0:08:06.520 got in on the action, both officially, with major powers 0:08:06.560 --> 0:08:10.760 sending material support to their preferred parties, and none officially, 0:08:11.560 --> 0:08:15.880 with independent mercenaries and shadowy state sponsored operations popping up 0:08:15.920 --> 0:08:20.800 all over Sub Saharan Africa. But by nineteen eighty nine 0:08:21.040 --> 0:08:24.680 it was finally time. The border war was over and 0:08:24.800 --> 0:08:27.560 Namibia was going to have free and fair elections in November. 0:08:28.880 --> 0:08:31.280 In April of that year, peacekeeping forces from the United 0:08:31.360 --> 0:08:36.800 Nations Transition Assistance Group arrived to oversee the process. Namibia 0:08:36.880 --> 0:08:41.320 was going to be an independent nation, one without apartheid, 0:08:42.360 --> 0:08:44.720 and this was a frightening prospect for those white South 0:08:44.720 --> 0:08:48.280 Africans trying desperately to hold onto power in an increasingly 0:08:48.400 --> 0:08:54.880 unsustainable form of government. Now this next part might sound 0:08:54.920 --> 0:08:58.680 like a conspiracy theory. I try to tread waters like 0:08:58.679 --> 0:09:02.160 this with immense care. I nearly drove myself to madness 0:09:02.160 --> 0:09:05.960 trying to thread the needle of fact, fiction and question marks. 0:09:06.360 --> 0:09:08.839 When I talked about the Oklahoma city bombing a while back, 0:09:10.280 --> 0:09:14.240 and when I started poking around this particular history, I'll 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:15.920 admit I didn't have a lot of context. 0:09:16.880 --> 0:09:18.400 I don't know the landscape here. 0:09:18.960 --> 0:09:22.240 So sorting fact from speculation and sifting out the lies 0:09:22.320 --> 0:09:28.360 as a tricky prospect, And at first I completely dismissed 0:09:28.360 --> 0:09:32.360 the idea that these neo Nazi terrorists could have been 0:09:32.400 --> 0:09:38.600 acting on government orders. That's tinfoil hat territory, right. I 0:09:38.640 --> 0:09:41.480 saw the idea heavily insinuated in some reporting from. 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:42.080 The time period. 0:09:43.000 --> 0:09:45.400 An article published in nineteen ninety in an issue of 0:09:45.559 --> 0:09:49.600 Frei Vigblad, a South African newspaper with an anti apartheid stance, 0:09:50.520 --> 0:09:56.679 opened with this fairly explosive allegation. They are fugitives accused 0:09:56.679 --> 0:10:01.200 of murder. They come from South Africa, Britainbia and Zimbabwe. 0:10:02.120 --> 0:10:05.920 They have one common characteristic. They left a trail of destruction, 0:10:06.280 --> 0:10:09.160 death and bloodshed in Southern Africa over the past decade, 0:10:09.520 --> 0:10:12.800 but cannot be prosecuted. They are among the most wanted 0:10:12.800 --> 0:10:15.360 men in our neighboring states, but enjoy the protection of 0:10:15.360 --> 0:10:19.120 the South African government because they have worked or still 0:10:19.160 --> 0:10:22.400 work for the security forces. 0:10:23.600 --> 0:10:24.880 But that's not prove right. 0:10:25.960 --> 0:10:28.400 Think about how often you see similar sentiments expressed when 0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:31.920 it comes to American far right groups. Allegations that this 0:10:32.040 --> 0:10:35.320 group or that one, or whichever prominent white supremacist leader 0:10:35.360 --> 0:10:38.240 hasn't been prosecuted because they're being protected by the state, 0:10:39.440 --> 0:10:43.440 And that's always a possibility, sure, but that doesn't mean 0:10:43.440 --> 0:10:47.840 it's true. But some of those men would themselves later 0:10:47.960 --> 0:10:52.480 claim that they couldn't be prosecuted for murders and bombings 0:10:53.000 --> 0:10:57.520 because they'd been acting on government orders. And again that's 0:10:57.559 --> 0:11:01.679 not proof. I've seen that before too. Sometimes people will 0:11:01.720 --> 0:11:05.520 say anything to avoid responsibility, and that doesn't necessarily mean 0:11:05.559 --> 0:11:11.760 it's true. I'd been chugging along, accumulating sources and taking 0:11:11.800 --> 0:11:16.160 my notes, translating old newspapers. I subscribed to several South 0:11:16.200 --> 0:11:19.400 African genealogical databases. I was really getting into the weeds here, 0:11:20.640 --> 0:11:23.720 all under the assumption that there wasn't really a need 0:11:23.760 --> 0:11:27.880 to explore that angle. It could be true, but it 0:11:27.920 --> 0:11:30.720 wasn't something I'd be able to substantiate, And it's the 0:11:30.760 --> 0:11:33.480 kind of thing I'm not comfortable exploring without something to 0:11:33.520 --> 0:11:36.880 hold on to. I don't want to abuse your trust 0:11:37.000 --> 0:11:42.040 by speculating wildly and getting reckless with the facts. But 0:11:42.080 --> 0:11:46.240 then I realized this is a very unusual set of circumstances. 0:11:47.679 --> 0:11:52.559 Normally a government would never admit to state sponsored terrorism. 0:11:53.160 --> 0:11:56.760 They all do it, but nobody admits it. And if 0:11:56.760 --> 0:11:59.319 you ever do prove it, it's nothing short of a miracle. 0:11:59.559 --> 0:12:04.520 You need leaked documents and deathbed confessions. But the South 0:12:04.559 --> 0:12:08.319 Africa of nineteen ninety five wasn't really the same South 0:12:08.320 --> 0:12:13.200 Africa that had existed until nineteen ninety four. This government 0:12:13.880 --> 0:12:17.559 wasn't admitting to its own crimes. The Truth and Reconciliation 0:12:17.600 --> 0:12:22.240 Commission was an unusually transparent look at the nation's past, 0:12:22.559 --> 0:12:26.360 and they admitted it. There is an entire chapter of 0:12:26.400 --> 0:12:31.280 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission final report called secret State Funding, 0:12:32.760 --> 0:12:36.240 and according to the report, Oxe Kontra four thirty five, 0:12:36.840 --> 0:12:38.920 the group behind the attack at the UN offices in 0:12:38.920 --> 0:12:42.040 Autio in nineteen eighty nine is believed to have been 0:12:42.160 --> 0:12:48.240 entirely creation of funded by the South African government. At 0:12:48.320 --> 0:12:50.880 least one of the men involved was later confirmed to 0:12:50.960 --> 0:12:54.280 have been an operative of the South African Civil Cooperation Bureau, 0:12:55.280 --> 0:13:00.400 an odd name for what was essentially government sponsored death squads, 0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:02.920 and I tell you that now so you can draw 0:13:02.960 --> 0:13:06.040 your own conclusions later in the story when things get 0:13:06.080 --> 0:13:10.400 a little murkier. So just keep that in the back 0:13:10.440 --> 0:13:15.560 of your mind for now. It wasn't long after the 0:13:15.600 --> 0:13:18.319 attack on Autyo that members of Axi Kontra four thirty 0:13:18.320 --> 0:13:22.960 five started getting arrested. Although the group's name disappears from 0:13:22.960 --> 0:13:27.040 the conversation pretty quickly, the men who carried out that 0:13:27.080 --> 0:13:30.640 attack were members of other groups too. Specifically, they were 0:13:30.679 --> 0:13:34.040 all members of the African or Resistance movement, the AWB 0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:38.440 led by Eugene terre Blanche. The first to be arrested 0:13:38.440 --> 0:13:42.520 were two South African citizens, Arthur Archer and Craig Barker, 0:13:43.640 --> 0:13:48.000 and a German mercenary named Horst Cleans. South Africans Darrell 0:13:48.040 --> 0:13:53.040 Stopped Fourth and Leonard Vnendahl were arrested soon after. By 0:13:53.080 --> 0:13:55.600 October of nineteen eighty nine, two months after the attack 0:13:55.640 --> 0:14:00.280 in Autyo, five men had been arrested. Charges against Craig 0:14:00.320 --> 0:14:02.680 Barker were dropped early on, and the charges against Arthur 0:14:02.800 --> 0:14:06.600 Archer were dropped after he agreed to cooperate, And so 0:14:06.679 --> 0:14:11.200 in December of nineteen eighty nine, it's just three Nandal, 0:14:11.520 --> 0:14:15.160 Cleanse and stopped fourth were officially charged with murder in 0:14:15.200 --> 0:14:19.680 a Namibian court. The courthouse was a three hour drive 0:14:19.680 --> 0:14:23.000 from the prison where the men were being held. After 0:14:23.000 --> 0:14:25.560 the hearing, Leonard Venendal asked to use the bathroom before 0:14:25.560 --> 0:14:27.800 they were loaded back into the transport van to return 0:14:27.840 --> 0:14:31.160 to their cells. And this is one of those moments 0:14:31.200 --> 0:14:33.880 where it's useful to bear in mind that the Truth 0:14:33.920 --> 0:14:38.080 and Reconciliation Commission names Leonard Venandal as a known operative 0:14:38.280 --> 0:14:42.760 of the Civil Cooperation Bureau, those government sponsored death squads, 0:14:43.720 --> 0:14:46.880 and he's named as an operative of the CCB specifically 0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:51.440 in connection with these events in Namibia. So with that 0:14:51.520 --> 0:14:55.040 in mind, Leonard Vnandal goes to the bathroom at the 0:14:55.040 --> 0:14:58.760 courthouse and he somehow knows to take the top off 0:14:58.760 --> 0:15:02.720 the tank of a particular tur toilet. Someone had left 0:15:02.760 --> 0:15:07.120 him a gift in there, a pistol, and he takes 0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:08.640 the gun out of the toilet and he tucks it 0:15:08.640 --> 0:15:10.480 away and he allows himself to be placed back in 0:15:10.520 --> 0:15:14.680 the van. About three quarters the way through the drive 0:15:14.760 --> 0:15:17.440 back to the jail, somewhere in the middle of nowhere, 0:15:18.480 --> 0:15:21.200 the men insisted that they just couldn't hold it any longer. 0:15:21.440 --> 0:15:24.720 They needed to stop to go to the bathroom, and 0:15:24.760 --> 0:15:28.880 the two Namibian police officers agreed. They pulled over and 0:15:28.960 --> 0:15:30.760 they led their three prisoners out to pee on the 0:15:30.760 --> 0:15:34.560 side of the road, and then suddenly another vehicle appeared. 0:15:35.960 --> 0:15:40.160 It stopped and two men got out, and Vinadel produced 0:15:40.160 --> 0:15:42.320 the pistol from his hiding place, and the two officers 0:15:42.320 --> 0:15:45.160 were overpowered by the three prisoners and their two accomplices. 0:15:47.240 --> 0:15:49.440 Constable Ricardo van Wick was shot in the stomach and 0:15:49.520 --> 0:15:53.600 later died. The surviving officer was forced at gunpoint into 0:15:53.640 --> 0:15:55.720 the back of the van, which the prisoners drove half 0:15:55.720 --> 0:15:58.920 an hour off the main road before abandoning it. And 0:15:58.920 --> 0:16:01.560 then they disappeared in the vehicle driven by their accomplices, 0:16:16.440 --> 0:16:21.080 And they really did disappear. Darrel stopped fourth, Leonard Fienandal 0:16:21.160 --> 0:16:24.360 and Horse Glens had murdered a UN security guard and 0:16:24.440 --> 0:16:27.960 an Amibian police officer. They were supposed to have gone 0:16:28.000 --> 0:16:32.840 on trial in Namibia, but they vanished for a little 0:16:32.840 --> 0:16:36.800 while anyway. Just a few short months later, both Leonard 0:16:36.800 --> 0:16:40.120 Feenandal and Daryl stopped Forth came out of hiding. They 0:16:40.120 --> 0:16:43.880 were home in South Africa and South Africa had no 0:16:43.960 --> 0:16:47.920 extradition treaty with the newly independent nation of Namibia. There 0:16:47.960 --> 0:16:50.760 were warrants for their arrest there, but there was nothing 0:16:50.800 --> 0:16:54.800 anyone could really do. Benadal said in a public statement 0:16:54.800 --> 0:16:57.840 a few months after his escape, I have now returned 0:16:57.880 --> 0:16:59.960 to my family and I'm going to devote myself full 0:17:00.120 --> 0:17:04.480 time to the cause as the revolution is here. A 0:17:04.480 --> 0:17:06.960 photo of Nadal taken around that time shows him wearing 0:17:06.960 --> 0:17:11.760 his AWB uniform and holding his newborn son. He'd named 0:17:11.760 --> 0:17:15.639 the boy Daryl, presumably to honor Darrel's top fourth, the 0:17:15.680 --> 0:17:17.320 man he'd just committed two murders with. 0:17:19.080 --> 0:17:19.640 And there's an. 0:17:19.520 --> 0:17:22.159 Odd thing I keep seeing these guys do as I'm 0:17:22.200 --> 0:17:26.320 researching this story. They have this strange fondness for giving 0:17:26.359 --> 0:17:28.840 interviews when they're supposed to be in hiding on the 0:17:28.920 --> 0:17:32.880 run from the law. When it was announced in September 0:17:32.880 --> 0:17:35.399 of nineteen eighty nine, a month after the attack and 0:17:35.480 --> 0:17:38.760 aut Yo, that Leonard of Nadal had been arrested, a 0:17:38.800 --> 0:17:43.679 reporter in South Africa came forward with a pretty wild story. 0:17:43.880 --> 0:17:46.000 While Venadel had been on the run, he'd taken the 0:17:46.040 --> 0:17:48.560 time to sit down for a two hour interview with 0:17:48.640 --> 0:17:52.920 a reporter and In that interview, he spoke openly about 0:17:52.920 --> 0:17:57.080 his membership in the AWB. That fact alone wasn't really 0:17:57.119 --> 0:18:00.840 a secret. He was Eugene Tablanche's personal bodyguard, and he 0:18:00.880 --> 0:18:02.879 was the leader of the Johannesburg branch of the group. 0:18:04.320 --> 0:18:07.520 But he also claimed there had been a split within Aquala, 0:18:08.000 --> 0:18:11.840 the militant arm of a WB, with some members openly 0:18:11.880 --> 0:18:15.400 declaring their willingness and intent to die for the cause, 0:18:16.320 --> 0:18:19.240 forming a sort of Kamakazi unit that planned to carry 0:18:19.240 --> 0:18:20.920 out high profile assassinations. 0:18:22.720 --> 0:18:23.480 He also showed the. 0:18:23.480 --> 0:18:28.760 Reporter a small circular placard of sorts with a picture 0:18:28.760 --> 0:18:34.719 of a wolf. The reporter, yuhung Kus, just looked at 0:18:34.760 --> 0:18:38.159 it with disbelief, and he said, there's no such thing 0:18:38.200 --> 0:18:42.360 as the White Wolves, and Vinard all smiled at him 0:18:42.400 --> 0:18:49.320 and replied, believe me, they exist. 0:18:49.640 --> 0:18:50.920 The White Wolves. 0:18:51.240 --> 0:18:56.600 Probably didn't exist, not really, not then anyway, not in 0:18:56.680 --> 0:18:58.520 any way that really means anything. 0:19:00.040 --> 0:19:01.760 Yes, they kind of did, in the. 0:19:01.760 --> 0:19:04.280 Sense that if someone were to carry out a series 0:19:04.320 --> 0:19:06.600 of bombings and then call the newspaper to say that 0:19:06.600 --> 0:19:10.959 the White Wolves did it, he sort of retroactively created 0:19:11.320 --> 0:19:15.679 the idea of a group that could be imagined to exist, 0:19:16.600 --> 0:19:19.640 because NANDL would later be connected to an attempt to 0:19:19.680 --> 0:19:24.000 do just that. But by most accounts, the White Wolves 0:19:24.800 --> 0:19:31.080 wasn't a terrorist organization that actually existed. But in September 0:19:31.119 --> 0:19:34.000 of nineteen eighty nine, as he's sitting there with this 0:19:34.080 --> 0:19:39.200 reporter from the Sunday Times, everyone in South Africa had 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:42.520 heard of the White Wolf, at least in the singular. 0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:47.960 Earlier that year, a former policeman who called himself the 0:19:48.000 --> 0:19:52.159 White Wolf had been sentenced to death. He was a 0:19:52.160 --> 0:19:56.080 former policeman because he'd been dismissed a year earlier after 0:19:56.119 --> 0:19:58.439 opposing for a photo holding the severed head of a 0:19:58.440 --> 0:20:02.639 black man who had died a gruesome car accident. He 0:20:02.720 --> 0:20:06.480 tried to submit the photo for publication in a police magazine, 0:20:06.760 --> 0:20:10.439 but they declined to publish it. He'd joined a to 0:20:10.480 --> 0:20:14.040 w B at just sixteen with his father's support and encouragement. 0:20:15.760 --> 0:20:18.240 He'd been sentenced to die for something he did. In 0:20:18.280 --> 0:20:22.880 November of nineteen eighty eight, one afternoon, a twenty three 0:20:22.920 --> 0:20:26.200 year old named Baron Stredam put on his custom belt 0:20:26.240 --> 0:20:31.479 buckle engraved with the words White Wolf and Afrikaans. He 0:20:31.520 --> 0:20:34.880 barked his car near a busy City Square in downtown Pretoria, 0:20:35.480 --> 0:20:39.919 and he got out and he started walking, and then 0:20:39.920 --> 0:20:43.560 he started shooting. On the day of the massacre, he 0:20:43.760 --> 0:20:49.879 just walked for several blocks, just shooting black people at random. 0:20:50.440 --> 0:20:55.560 He murdered eight people and wounded sixteen others, and every 0:20:55.680 --> 0:21:01.320 survivor says the same thing. He smiled the entire time. 0:21:03.760 --> 0:21:06.639 Bradley Stein was just seventeen years old that day and 0:21:06.720 --> 0:21:09.200 he was on his way home from rugby practice when 0:21:09.200 --> 0:21:13.840 he saw Stridem. He didn't understand at first what he 0:21:13.880 --> 0:21:14.919 was looking at. 0:21:15.480 --> 0:21:16.360 This man with a. 0:21:16.280 --> 0:21:19.080 Gun must be a police officer, He must be trying 0:21:19.119 --> 0:21:22.560 to catch a bad guy. But then he saw Stridem 0:21:22.600 --> 0:21:25.880 walk up to an old woman carrying groceries, and without 0:21:25.920 --> 0:21:29.960 saying a word, Stridem shot her in the head. At 0:21:29.960 --> 0:21:33.120 that moment, a black teenager called out to Stein, beckoning 0:21:33.160 --> 0:21:36.119 him over to the bench he was hiding behind, and 0:21:36.160 --> 0:21:39.320 the two teens hid behind the bench together, but Stridem 0:21:39.359 --> 0:21:45.520 found them. He shot the black boy. As Steyne, who's white, 0:21:45.960 --> 0:21:48.520 cradled this bleeding stranger in his lap. He looked up 0:21:48.560 --> 0:21:52.040 at Stridem and asked him why. 0:21:54.200 --> 0:21:56.240 Then I turned up to him and I said, who 0:21:56.280 --> 0:22:00.000 kom duniad why are you doing this? And he said, 0:22:00.000 --> 0:22:02.560 I said, I don'd it for it two cooms for 0:22:02.800 --> 0:22:06.399 wet Sit Africa corners, which means I'm doing this for 0:22:06.480 --> 0:22:08.480 the future of white South Africans. 0:22:12.280 --> 0:22:16.160 Stritum never fired at a white person. The shooting only 0:22:16.160 --> 0:22:19.760 stopped with a black taxi driver, a man named Simon Mucondeley, 0:22:20.320 --> 0:22:24.000 tapped Stritum on the shoulder while he was reloading. He 0:22:24.080 --> 0:22:26.399 must have caught the killer off guard because as Stridum 0:22:26.480 --> 0:22:29.080 turned round, Mucondeley was able to grab the gun out 0:22:29.119 --> 0:22:33.360 of his hands. As I was reading about Stridem's murders, 0:22:34.359 --> 0:22:38.840 it felt so familiar to me. I've read accounts of 0:22:39.440 --> 0:22:43.200 a lot of mass shootings. I've seen videos I wish 0:22:43.240 --> 0:22:49.000 I could forget. I've wasted countless hours reading manifestos, and 0:22:49.040 --> 0:22:53.240 there are plenty of similarities between white supremacist mass shootings. 0:22:53.280 --> 0:22:55.560 There are a lot of common denominators when it comes 0:22:55.560 --> 0:22:58.240 to a young white man who carries out a racist 0:22:58.240 --> 0:23:05.800 mass shooting. But this felt so terribly, eerily familiar to me. 0:23:07.240 --> 0:23:12.400 It was inescapable. It felt just like the Charleston church shooting. 0:23:13.400 --> 0:23:17.320 It felt like Dylan Roof and back in twenty fifteen, 0:23:17.440 --> 0:23:22.200 several South African journalists covering that story that American shooting 0:23:23.359 --> 0:23:27.359 referred to Dylan Rufe as America's white Wolf. So I 0:23:27.359 --> 0:23:31.600 guess I'm not alone in that feeling. We talked briefly 0:23:31.680 --> 0:23:34.719 last week about the apartheid era South African flag patch 0:23:35.280 --> 0:23:37.920 in photos of roof taken shortly before he murdered nine 0:23:37.960 --> 0:23:42.000 people at the Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in twenty fifteen. 0:23:43.520 --> 0:23:47.720 So we know he had a fondness for apartheid, but 0:23:47.760 --> 0:23:49.840 I wonder if he was familiar with the white Wolf. 0:23:52.200 --> 0:23:55.720 So in Venadela is sitting there with this reporter showing 0:23:55.800 --> 0:23:57.639 him this little picture of a wolf. 0:23:58.800 --> 0:24:00.000 This is what he's talking about. 0:24:00.760 --> 0:24:02.919 He's telling the reporter that he's a member of this 0:24:03.040 --> 0:24:06.919 extremely militant, violent arm of the AWB, that they're planning 0:24:06.960 --> 0:24:10.399 to get a race war going before Christmas, and he 0:24:10.480 --> 0:24:13.280 really wants the paper to run a story that will 0:24:13.320 --> 0:24:17.520 convince people that there are hundreds more Barren Stritums out 0:24:17.560 --> 0:24:22.800 there lying in wait. And the reason the reporter didn't 0:24:23.080 --> 0:24:26.240 believe him is because it had been discussed extensively during 0:24:26.240 --> 0:24:29.480 Stritem's trial just a few months earlier. There was no 0:24:29.600 --> 0:24:34.359 reason to believe any actual group called the White Wolves existed. 0:24:35.640 --> 0:24:38.320 He was a member of AWB, that was fairly certain, 0:24:39.600 --> 0:24:42.160 But when it came to the White Wolves, it appeared 0:24:42.200 --> 0:24:46.480 to just be a pack of one. Finandel was maybe 0:24:46.520 --> 0:24:50.120 just planting seeds of propaganda. He was trying to capitalize 0:24:50.160 --> 0:24:54.560 on this intense fear and trauma surrounding Stritem's murders by 0:24:54.560 --> 0:25:00.560 convincing people it could happen again at any time. But 0:25:00.640 --> 0:25:03.520 Leonard Fienentdal had been telling the truth about at least 0:25:03.600 --> 0:25:06.520 one thing when he spoke to that reporter. Before his arrest, 0:25:07.920 --> 0:25:11.359 there had been some splintering within the Africaner Resistance movement. 0:25:12.480 --> 0:25:15.479 Members of a w B had started forming increasingly violent 0:25:15.520 --> 0:25:20.520 breakaway groups, groups like the Orde Vandi Dude, which translates 0:25:20.560 --> 0:25:24.760 to the Order of Death and the Order Borfolk the 0:25:24.880 --> 0:25:28.880 Order of the Boer People. And that name might sound familiar. 0:25:29.840 --> 0:25:33.880 A violent fascist group calling itself the Order, We've heard 0:25:33.880 --> 0:25:38.360 that one before. Its founder would later say that he'd 0:25:38.400 --> 0:25:41.600 never actually heard of Robert J. Matthews, the American neo 0:25:41.680 --> 0:25:43.760 Nazi who founded a group called The Order in nineteen 0:25:43.800 --> 0:25:47.920 eighty three. It seems both men arrived at the name independently, 0:25:48.600 --> 0:25:51.640 but for the exact same reason. It was the name 0:25:51.640 --> 0:25:55.040 of the fictional white supremacist organization in William Luther Pierce's 0:25:55.080 --> 0:25:59.600 novel The Turner Diaries. And you might remember the name 0:25:59.640 --> 0:26:02.119 of the man who founded the South African version of 0:26:02.160 --> 0:26:05.879 the Order. Remember last week we were talking about the 0:26:05.920 --> 0:26:10.560 trial of Massimo Bolo and Fabiomiello, the Italian fascist convicted 0:26:10.560 --> 0:26:14.119 of the vit Commando bombings in nineteen eighty. As the 0:26:14.160 --> 0:26:15.680 two men were led into the court room on the 0:26:15.680 --> 0:26:18.920 first day of their trial, one man in the gallery 0:26:18.960 --> 0:26:23.640