1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,159 Speaker 1: If you love iPhone, you'll love Apple Card. It comes 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:06,400 Speaker 1: with the privacy and security you expect from Apple. Plus, 3 00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:09,119 Speaker 1: you earn up to three percent daily cash back on 4 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:12,440 Speaker 1: every purchase, which can automatically earn interest when you open 5 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:15,360 Speaker 1: a high yield savings account through Apple Card. 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Black Lit 14 00:00:37,159 --> 00:00:39,279 Speaker 2: is for the page turners, for those who listen to 15 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:42,239 Speaker 2: audiobooks while running errands or at the end of a 16 00:00:42,240 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 2: busy day. From thought provoking novels to powerful poetry, we'll 17 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 2: explore the stories that shape our culture. Listen to Black 18 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:53,480 Speaker 2: Lit on the Black Effect Podcast Network iHeartRadio, app, Apple Podcasts, 19 00:00:53,600 --> 00:00:55,400 Speaker 2: or wherever you get your podcasts. 20 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:58,240 Speaker 3: So Black Effect Podcast Network is sponsored by diet Coke. 21 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:01,720 Speaker 4: From tips for healthy living to the latest medical breakthroughs, 22 00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:05,600 Speaker 4: WebMD's Health Discovered podcast keeps you up to date on 23 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 4: today's most important health issues through in depth conversations with 24 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:13,640 Speaker 4: experts from across the healthcare community. WebMD reveals how today's 25 00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:15,880 Speaker 4: health news will impact your life tomorrow. 26 00:01:16,319 --> 00:01:18,600 Speaker 5: It's not that people don't know that exercise is healthy, 27 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:21,080 Speaker 5: it's just that people don't know why it's healthy, and 28 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:23,440 Speaker 5: we're struggling to try to help people help themselves in 29 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:23,880 Speaker 5: each other. 30 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:27,840 Speaker 4: Listen to WebMD Health Discovered on the iHeartRadio app or 31 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:29,200 Speaker 4: wherever you get your podcasts. 32 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:32,600 Speaker 3: I'm doctor Laurie Santos, host of the Happiness Lab podcast. 33 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:33,880 Speaker 6: As the US. 34 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 3: Elections approach, it can feel like we're angrier and more 35 00:01:37,480 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 3: divided than ever, But in a new copule season of 36 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:44,959 Speaker 3: my podcast, I'll Share with the Science really shows that 37 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:47,760 Speaker 3: we're surprisingly more united than most people think. 38 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:50,880 Speaker 7: We all know something is wrong in our culture and 39 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:53,640 Speaker 7: our politics, and that we need to do better and 40 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 7: that we can be better. 41 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 3: Listen on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 42 00:01:58,800 --> 00:01:59,840 Speaker 3: listen to podcasts. 43 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:03,880 Speaker 8: I'm Joe Gatto, I'm Steve Byrne. We are two cool moms. 44 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 8: We certainly are, and guess where we could find us now? 45 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:09,280 Speaker 9: Oh, I don't know the iHeart podcast network. 46 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:12,280 Speaker 8: That's right. We're an official iHeart podcast and I'm super 47 00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 8: excited about it. I am too. 48 00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:17,120 Speaker 9: I thought Two Cool Moms was such a fun podcast, 49 00:02:17,160 --> 00:02:20,840 Speaker 9: but now it's even more funner and cooler and hardier. 50 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 8: That's right, it's more eyeheartier. I knew it. Check your 51 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:25,880 Speaker 8: heart rate. We're here at iHeart. 52 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:27,400 Speaker 9: Yeah, you could find us wherever you listen to your 53 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:29,400 Speaker 9: podcasts or on the iHeartRadio app. 54 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:40,640 Speaker 10: Inside space? Is there a place where the matter ends 55 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 10: and it's just empty space? And then path that space? 56 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:47,960 Speaker 10: Is there something else that's not space? Can space have 57 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:50,720 Speaker 10: an edge? Right? And so that to me is the 58 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 10: is this concept of the universe all the matter in 59 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 10: all the space, okay, things beyond that space? If there 60 00:02:56,639 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 10: is anything there I would consider not part of our universe. 61 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 11: Oh I see. We could like there could be through 62 00:03:01,480 --> 00:03:03,880 Speaker 11: stuff and maybe at some point we run out of stuff, 63 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:06,440 Speaker 11: but there's still there could still be space. 64 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:07,440 Speaker 10: There could still be space. 65 00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:21,440 Speaker 6: Hi. 66 00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 10: I'm Daniel and I'm Horehan, and we're here to explain 67 00:03:25,639 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 10: the universe. 68 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 11: Today. We're going to talk about the biggest question in the. 69 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:32,959 Speaker 10: Universe, the biggest question you could even possibly. 70 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:37,680 Speaker 11: Imagine how big is the universe? 71 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:40,040 Speaker 10: Like really, how big is it? 72 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 9: Like? 73 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:42,880 Speaker 10: Does it go on forever? Is it just a little 74 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 10: bit bigger than we can see? Does it wrap around 75 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:48,160 Speaker 10: on itself? Is it some other crazy thing. That's what 76 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:50,560 Speaker 10: we are going to try to tackle today. We went 77 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:52,080 Speaker 10: out in the street and we asked people what they 78 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 10: thought about this. The biggest of questions. 79 00:03:55,680 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 12: Oh man, it's pretty big, Like I'm pretty sure it's 80 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:02,520 Speaker 12: like because like we don't really know much about it, 81 00:04:02,840 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 12: so I'm pretty I wanna say, like pretty big, like 82 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 12: it's really unmeasurable. 83 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:09,000 Speaker 10: Tend to the something particles. 84 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 11: I don't know. 85 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 8: Do you want like a. 86 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:12,880 Speaker 10: Number or whatever you think is appropriate. 87 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:16,320 Speaker 11: I remember reading some of where that's like it's always growing, 88 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:17,320 Speaker 11: so it's like infinite. 89 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:20,599 Speaker 10: Right, So most people seem to feel like, wow, the 90 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:23,719 Speaker 10: universe is pretty big, right. Some people thought it was 91 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:27,239 Speaker 10: like infinite, and some people thought just just really big. 92 00:04:27,360 --> 00:04:28,400 Speaker 11: Nobody thought it was small. 93 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,159 Speaker 10: Nobody's like I can see the end of it. It's 94 00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:33,600 Speaker 10: just about it's only my town. 95 00:04:33,680 --> 00:04:35,440 Speaker 11: It's only as far as I can see. 96 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:37,920 Speaker 10: That's right, And astrue, that's really interesting because I bet 97 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 10: like if you ask prehistoric man how big is the universe? 98 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:43,000 Speaker 10: They would just like say, like, look around you, this 99 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:45,920 Speaker 10: is what there is, and they couldn't even really imagine. 100 00:04:49,600 --> 00:04:51,680 Speaker 10: So let's break it down. There's all the stuff right 101 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:55,880 Speaker 10: as particles. There's a matter right, you know, this matter. 102 00:04:55,680 --> 00:04:58,480 Speaker 11: And energy and all that stuff feel and touch and 103 00:04:58,520 --> 00:04:59,719 Speaker 11: see mm hm. 104 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 10: There's one other component which I think is a little 105 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:04,880 Speaker 10: less usual for people to think about, and that's the space. 106 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 11: Space. Okay. 107 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,840 Speaker 10: I would think of the universe as all the stuff 108 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:11,039 Speaker 10: and all the space that it's in. 109 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:15,120 Speaker 11: Okaya, like the stuff we can actually move around in. 110 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:18,920 Speaker 10: Yes, the place we can move around in the space 111 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:19,400 Speaker 10: we have. 112 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,839 Speaker 11: At some point that space ends. 113 00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:27,359 Speaker 10: Yeah, the space could end right now. Somebody out there listening, 114 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:30,839 Speaker 10: you smart, good looking listener, you might be thinking, what 115 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 10: how good space possibly end? He's talking about space like 116 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:36,479 Speaker 10: it's a thing, like it's water and the fish could 117 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:38,960 Speaker 10: run into the end of it or something. But briefly, 118 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:42,280 Speaker 10: we should just remind people that space is not just emptiness. 119 00:05:42,279 --> 00:05:44,799 Speaker 10: It's not just a backdrop. It's not just the nothing 120 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:49,159 Speaker 10: in which stuff happens. It's stuff. It has properties. It 121 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:51,680 Speaker 10: can bend and expand and ripple and do all sorts 122 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:55,360 Speaker 10: of weird, crazy stuff, and so we know that it's 123 00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:58,480 Speaker 10: a thing. It's a dynamic physical thing that can do stuff, 124 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:01,039 Speaker 10: So we have to consider the possible that it ends. 125 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:03,360 Speaker 10: Like that's part of the question how big is the universe? 126 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:06,360 Speaker 10: Is how much space is there? And can it end? 127 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:06,760 Speaker 7: Right? 128 00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:10,159 Speaker 11: It's like we're fish and we're asking how big is 129 00:06:10,200 --> 00:06:11,039 Speaker 11: the ocean? 130 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:16,120 Speaker 10: Yeah, yeah, okay, exactly how big is the I wonder 131 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,240 Speaker 10: do you think fish wonder about how big is the ocean? 132 00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:23,040 Speaker 11: I think fish wonder about not getting eaten by other 133 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:25,440 Speaker 11: fish p occupation? 134 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:30,200 Speaker 10: Right, And fish might also wonder like are there other oceans? 135 00:06:30,279 --> 00:06:30,479 Speaker 9: Right? 136 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:32,480 Speaker 10: That's the multiverse for fishes. 137 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:36,919 Speaker 11: But in our universe you're saying space might have a 138 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,119 Speaker 11: limit to it, like there might be an end to it. Yeah, 139 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:44,240 Speaker 11: but so is it like a wall or is it 140 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:46,919 Speaker 11: like a What does it mean for it to be 141 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:47,880 Speaker 11: at the edge of space? 142 00:06:48,360 --> 00:06:50,919 Speaker 10: Well, there could be an edge to space, and to 143 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:52,840 Speaker 10: think about what that means. We have to think about 144 00:06:52,839 --> 00:06:54,839 Speaker 10: what space is a little bit more like we have 145 00:06:54,880 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 10: to think about whether space can curve or if space 146 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 10: is flat? Right, And this kind of stuff is really 147 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:04,880 Speaker 10: hard to think about in three dimensions, like what does 148 00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:09,400 Speaker 10: it mean for space xyz space right xyz being one, two, 149 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:13,000 Speaker 10: three dimensions, the curve really hard to think about because 150 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:15,560 Speaker 10: it's hard for us to think about that about space 151 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:19,000 Speaker 10: curving in some higher dimensions. So usually it's best if 152 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 10: we think about it in two dimensions, so we can 153 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:23,960 Speaker 10: think about it as curving in that third dimension. So 154 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:27,360 Speaker 10: imagine that we are two dimensional scientists. We're like living 155 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:29,080 Speaker 10: on a sheet of paper where we can only move 156 00:07:29,120 --> 00:07:31,640 Speaker 10: in two dimensions like X and y, and then we 157 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 10: can ask those two dimensional scientists can ask is our 158 00:07:34,480 --> 00:07:37,560 Speaker 10: space curved? Is our paper universe curved? 159 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:38,280 Speaker 11: Right? 160 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,160 Speaker 10: And that changes the answer, Like say you discover that 161 00:07:41,200 --> 00:07:44,679 Speaker 10: it is curved and it has a positive curvature. Positive 162 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:47,000 Speaker 10: curvature would be like on the surface of a sphere 163 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:50,680 Speaker 10: or a planet. Right, if it has positive curvature, that 164 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 10: has consequences for its shape, because if it's positively curved, 165 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,360 Speaker 10: it can't go on forever, right, Like the Earth. You're 166 00:07:57,400 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 10: standing on the surface of the Earth and you know 167 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:02,280 Speaker 10: the Earth is curved, and that means that Earth can't 168 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:03,800 Speaker 10: be infinitely big, right. 169 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:06,760 Speaker 11: Right, right, So you're saying, at the edge of the universe, 170 00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 11: maybe the space space is curved, and. 171 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 10: Well, maybe it's a possibility. You have to consider that 172 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:16,640 Speaker 10: maybe space is curved everywhere. If the universe had curved space, 173 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 10: and it was positively curved, that would mean that it 174 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,360 Speaker 10: could be sort of looped on itself very naturally, the 175 00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 10: same way the surface of a planet is, and you 176 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 10: could travel around it through space and not really get 177 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:31,200 Speaker 10: to the edge, right, Like where is the edge of 178 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 10: the Earth? Well, the Earth, the surface of the Earth, 179 00:08:33,800 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 10: the two dimensional surface doesn't have an edge. 180 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:40,320 Speaker 11: Like people in Earrctoric times, maybe they saw the Earth 181 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 11: around them and it thought, oh man, this is pretty big. 182 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:45,120 Speaker 11: It probably goes on forever, but they didn't know that 183 00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:47,160 Speaker 11: actually the land curved. 184 00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 10: That's right. 185 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:51,120 Speaker 11: And it turns out that we're actually kind of on 186 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:54,160 Speaker 11: this sphere and if you keep going in one direction, 187 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:55,360 Speaker 11: you kind of loop back around. 188 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,320 Speaker 10: That's right. Yeah. And it's not like you get to 189 00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:00,679 Speaker 10: the edge and you get magically trans boarded back to 190 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:04,239 Speaker 10: where you started or something. There's no you know, shortcut 191 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 10: or magic there on the surface of the Earth. You 192 00:09:06,559 --> 00:09:07,959 Speaker 10: keep walking, you come back to where you. 193 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:10,920 Speaker 11: Start, just connected back onto itself exactly. 194 00:09:10,960 --> 00:09:11,600 Speaker 10: That's the key. 195 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:15,800 Speaker 11: So that's a space like space that we're in could 196 00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:17,800 Speaker 11: kind of like, if you keep going in one direction 197 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:20,280 Speaker 11: in a spaceship, you'll come back around to the same. 198 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,079 Speaker 10: Spot exactly, and the way you said it was perfect. 199 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:26,920 Speaker 10: It's the connection. So we like to talk about space 200 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:29,760 Speaker 10: by using this analogy of living in two dimensions and 201 00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 10: thinking about it being curved in a third dimension. Now, 202 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:34,880 Speaker 10: pop that up to three dimensions, right, because we know 203 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 10: our space is at least three dimensions. 204 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:39,280 Speaker 11: Pop it up and popping an asprain because now I'm 205 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:39,880 Speaker 11: getting ahead. 206 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:44,559 Speaker 10: Did we work on getting ad built to support this 207 00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:47,200 Speaker 10: podcast because we're sending them a lot of customers. 208 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:49,760 Speaker 11: My god, that could be a great sponsor. 209 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 10: That's right, So pop that up into your three dimensional space, right, 210 00:09:55,640 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 10: and then you can ask, well, what does it mean 211 00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 10: for three dimensional space to be curved? Well, it's not 212 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:04,880 Speaker 10: that we imagine that it's curved in some other fourth dimension. 213 00:10:04,960 --> 00:10:07,560 Speaker 10: It's not that it's hanging in four dimensional space and 214 00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:10,880 Speaker 10: has a curvature in it. It's how the space is connected. 215 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:14,680 Speaker 10: We call it intrinsic curvature because it reflects how one 216 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,160 Speaker 10: part of space is connected to another part of space. 217 00:10:17,679 --> 00:10:20,400 Speaker 10: So without hanging in four dimensions, you can be connected 218 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:22,680 Speaker 10: in a way that space is curved and you loop 219 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:24,920 Speaker 10: back on yourself without ever really noticing. 220 00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 11: So when we talk about the size of the universe, 221 00:10:27,559 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 11: we mean that it has maybe some kind of edge, 222 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:32,360 Speaker 11: but maybe that edge is not like how we think 223 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:34,520 Speaker 11: of an edge as like a stub or a wall. 224 00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:36,960 Speaker 11: Maybe it's just kind of looped around, and so the 225 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 11: size of it is kind of like this blob of space. 226 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:45,280 Speaker 10: Right, yeah, exactly. And the possible answers for the size 227 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:48,120 Speaker 10: of the universe depend on how it's curved. Right. If 228 00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 10: it's positively curved, then it can only really be like 229 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:55,080 Speaker 10: a big sphere, which means it's finite if it would 230 00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:59,120 Speaker 10: have been negative. If it's not right, if it's flat. 231 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:03,040 Speaker 10: If space is like it doesn't curve intrinsically, then it 232 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 10: could potentially go on forever. If space is negatively curved, 233 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 10: that's like the shape of a saddle, it's a negative curvature, 234 00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:12,280 Speaker 10: then it could have all sorts of really weird shapes. 235 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 10: But it could still be infinite. 236 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:17,359 Speaker 11: Okay, so the options are infinite or not infinite. 237 00:11:19,240 --> 00:11:22,200 Speaker 10: That pretty much categorized the options for everything. How big 238 00:11:22,280 --> 00:11:24,439 Speaker 10: is your househoord, Hey, is it infinite or non infinite? 239 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 10: I want to see that option actually on Zillo from. 240 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 11: The Yeah, I would love to have infinite square feet house. 241 00:11:31,559 --> 00:11:37,400 Speaker 10: Would I needed to look forever for your kid's shoes? Right? 242 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:39,439 Speaker 10: Where'd you put them? I put them in room number 243 00:11:39,559 --> 00:11:41,000 Speaker 10: somewhere between here in infinity. 244 00:11:41,240 --> 00:11:44,320 Speaker 11: Yeah. So let's talk about the possibilities of what could 245 00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:47,079 Speaker 11: be beyond the observable universe. I mean, we talked a 246 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:49,880 Speaker 11: little bit about before about maybe it's infinite, maybe it's 247 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:53,560 Speaker 11: not infinite. Do we really have no idea whether the 248 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 11: actual universe is just a little bit bigger than the 249 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:01,880 Speaker 11: observable universe, much bigger than the observerable universe, or it 250 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 11: could be infinite. We really have sort of no indication 251 00:12:05,679 --> 00:12:07,880 Speaker 11: of which possibility it is. 252 00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:11,440 Speaker 10: We have a few clues, they're kind of indirect, and 253 00:12:11,559 --> 00:12:13,400 Speaker 10: I want to talk about that some more. But first 254 00:12:13,520 --> 00:12:14,640 Speaker 10: let's take a quick break. 255 00:12:18,679 --> 00:12:21,760 Speaker 13: AI might be the most important new computer technology ever. 256 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,200 Speaker 13: It's storming every industry and literally billions of dollars are 257 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:29,439 Speaker 13: being invested, so buckle up. The problem is that AI 258 00:12:29,559 --> 00:12:32,400 Speaker 13: needs a lot of speed and processing power, So how 259 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:35,559 Speaker 13: do you compete without cost spiraling out of control? 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Take a free 270 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:11,720 Speaker 13: test drive of OCI at Oracle dot com slash strategic. 271 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:17,280 Speaker 13: That's Oracle dot com slash strategic Oracle dot com slash Strategic. 272 00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:20,199 Speaker 14: I'm buzs Knight and I'm the host of the Taking 273 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:23,480 Speaker 14: a Walk podcast music History on Foot John Oates. 274 00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:27,600 Speaker 15: Great songs endured, and I'm very proud and happy to 275 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:30,520 Speaker 15: know that i was part of something that will endure. 276 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:34,560 Speaker 14: The podcast is an audio diary of insightful conversations with 277 00:13:34,720 --> 00:13:38,000 Speaker 14: musicians and the inside stories behind their music. 278 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:41,040 Speaker 16: Russ Kunkle, The basic connection that I had with someone 279 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:42,520 Speaker 16: that was great coming out of the. 280 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:43,840 Speaker 10: Whiskey was David Crosby. 281 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:47,800 Speaker 16: David I met David and Steven and Graham kind of 282 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:52,680 Speaker 16: around the same time, basically through my wife Leah, who 283 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:53,920 Speaker 16: is Cass Elliott's sister. 284 00:13:54,040 --> 00:13:58,000 Speaker 14: The message of the podcast is simple, honest conversation with 285 00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 14: musicians about the music they create. Mike Campbell of The Heartbreakers. 286 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:05,440 Speaker 6: It's correct. I rarely work things out. I like to 287 00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:07,600 Speaker 6: go off the cup and try to grab things out 288 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:09,720 Speaker 6: of the air while you're playing the song and try 289 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:10,680 Speaker 6: to catch a little magic. 290 00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:13,920 Speaker 14: Listen to the Taken a Walk podcast on the iHeartRadio app, 291 00:14:13,960 --> 00:14:17,239 Speaker 14: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 292 00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:21,400 Speaker 2: Hey, I'm Jackie Thomas, the host of a brand new 293 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:25,880 Speaker 2: Black Effect original series, black Lit, the podcast for diving 294 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:29,800 Speaker 2: deep into the rich world of black literature. I'm Jackie Thomas, 295 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 2: and I'm inviting you to join me in a vibrant 296 00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:38,800 Speaker 2: community of literary enthusiasts dedicated to protecting and celebrating our stories. 297 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:41,640 Speaker 2: Black Lit is for the page turners, for those who 298 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:44,880 Speaker 2: listen to audio books while commuting or running errands. For 299 00:14:44,960 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 2: those who find themselves seeking solad, wisdom, and refuge between 300 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:53,760 Speaker 2: the chapters, from thought provoking novels to powerful poetry, We'll 301 00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:58,320 Speaker 2: explore the stories that shape our culture. Together. We'll dissect 302 00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:02,440 Speaker 2: classics and contemporary world while uncovering the stories of the 303 00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:06,120 Speaker 2: brilliant writers behind them. Black Litt is here to amplify 304 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:09,640 Speaker 2: the voices of black writers and to bring their words 305 00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 2: to life. Listen to Black Lit on the iHeartRadio app, 306 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:15,920 Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 307 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:22,080 Speaker 3: I'm doctor Laurie Santos, host of the Happiness Lab podcast. 308 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:26,080 Speaker 3: Is the US elections approach. It can feel like we're 309 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:30,240 Speaker 3: angrier and more divided than ever, But in a new 310 00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:33,280 Speaker 3: hopeful season of my podcast, I'll Share with the science 311 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:37,200 Speaker 3: really shows that we're surprisingly more united than most people think. 312 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,360 Speaker 7: We all know something is wrong in our culture and 313 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:43,120 Speaker 7: our politics, and that we need to do better, and 314 00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:44,760 Speaker 7: that we can do better with the. 315 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:46,960 Speaker 3: Help of Stanford psychologist Jamiale Zaki. 316 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:47,880 Speaker 10: It's really tragic. 317 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,880 Speaker 5: If cynicism were appeal, it'd be a poison. 318 00:15:51,120 --> 00:15:54,000 Speaker 3: We'll see that our fellow humans, even though we disagree with, 319 00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:55,760 Speaker 3: are more generous than we assume. 320 00:15:56,120 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 17: My assumption, my feeling, my hunch is that a lot 321 00:15:59,440 --> 00:16:03,200 Speaker 17: of us are actually looking for a way to disagree 322 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:05,080 Speaker 17: and still be in relationship. 323 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:05,120 Speaker 10: With each other. 324 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 3: All that on the Happiness Lab Listen on the iHeartRadio app, 325 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:15,600 Speaker 3: Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts. 326 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:22,280 Speaker 18: Hey, I'm Bruce Bosi on my podcast Table for two. 327 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:25,720 Speaker 18: We have unforgettable lunch after unforgettable lunch. 328 00:16:25,640 --> 00:16:29,400 Speaker 19: With the best guest you could possibly ask for, people 329 00:16:29,520 --> 00:16:30,720 Speaker 19: like Matt Boehmer. 330 00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:33,640 Speaker 10: Thank you for that introduction. I'm gonna slip here, slip 331 00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:35,400 Speaker 10: you a couple of twenties under the table, hold on, 332 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:36,400 Speaker 10: Emma Roberts. 333 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:38,560 Speaker 20: When it came into my email in box, I was like, Okay, 334 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:40,160 Speaker 20: I know I'm gonna love this so much that I 335 00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:41,760 Speaker 20: don't even want to read it because if I can't 336 00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:42,800 Speaker 20: be it, I'm gonna be bums. 337 00:16:43,720 --> 00:16:47,720 Speaker 18: Colin Jost, you know your wife was the first guest. 338 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:50,080 Speaker 12: It's Table for two, and it's come full circle as 339 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:51,080 Speaker 12: long as they do better than her. 340 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:55,360 Speaker 18: Table for Two is a bit different from other interview shows. 341 00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 18: We sit down at a great restaurant for a meal, 342 00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 18: maybe a glass of rose, and the stories start flowing. 343 00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:03,320 Speaker 10: Our second season. 344 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:05,480 Speaker 18: Is airing right now, so you can catch up on 345 00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:11,680 Speaker 18: our conversations that are intimate, surprising, and often hilarious. Listen 346 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:14,919 Speaker 18: to Table for two with First Bosi on the iHeartRadio app, 347 00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 18: Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. 348 00:17:25,720 --> 00:17:29,320 Speaker 10: One clue comes from the curvature of space. We talked 349 00:17:29,359 --> 00:17:32,520 Speaker 10: earlier about how the curvature of space affects how the 350 00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:34,399 Speaker 10: size of the universe could be. And if a space 351 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:38,920 Speaker 10: is curved positively or negative or flat, that limits the options, right, 352 00:17:39,240 --> 00:17:41,400 Speaker 10: So that's something we can measure. We can measure it here. 353 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:45,199 Speaker 10: We can look around us and measure how curved is 354 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:49,159 Speaker 10: space in our universe? And that might be a bit 355 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:51,159 Speaker 10: of a puzzler, right, like, how does that mean? How 356 00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:53,359 Speaker 10: could space be curved? How could you possibly measure it? 357 00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:56,560 Speaker 10: And to think about that, it's best to go back 358 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,119 Speaker 10: to the two dimensional example. You're living on the surface 359 00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:01,440 Speaker 10: of a planet. For example. If you were a two 360 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:03,920 Speaker 10: dimensional scientist living on the surface of a planet or 361 00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:07,640 Speaker 10: some surface, and you wanted to know is this surface curved? 362 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:11,199 Speaker 10: What you could do is make a triangle, because triangles 363 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:14,399 Speaker 10: are very sensitive to curvature. For example, you draw a 364 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 10: triangle on a sheet of paper, you add up the angles, 365 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:19,680 Speaker 10: then you get one hundred and eighty degrees every triangle, 366 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:23,200 Speaker 10: every flat surface, no matter what beautiful. 367 00:18:22,760 --> 00:18:25,760 Speaker 11: Results basic geometry. 368 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:29,040 Speaker 10: That's right. Yeah, Now imagine that triangle sitting on the 369 00:18:29,080 --> 00:18:32,440 Speaker 10: surface of a tennis ball. You can draw a triangle 370 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:34,520 Speaker 10: on the surface of a tennis ball that has three 371 00:18:34,880 --> 00:18:38,919 Speaker 10: right angles on it, because triangles behave differently on a 372 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:39,760 Speaker 10: curved surface. 373 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:43,119 Speaker 11: Yeah, imagine that it could be ninety degrees, meaning that 374 00:18:43,119 --> 00:18:45,240 Speaker 11: it adds up to two hundred and seventy degrees. 375 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:48,520 Speaker 10: Yeah, exactly. So let's take a break, so everyone can 376 00:18:48,520 --> 00:18:50,879 Speaker 10: go get a tennis ball and as sharpie and try 377 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:52,919 Speaker 10: this at home, and we'll be right back when you 378 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:56,240 Speaker 10: have your tennis ball. All right, assuming you're holding a 379 00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 10: tennis ball and you've annoyed your partner or your spouse 380 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,160 Speaker 10: or your time by drawing triangles on it, you can 381 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:04,240 Speaker 10: see the triangles behave differently on a. 382 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:06,120 Speaker 11: Curveda It looks kind of bloated. 383 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:09,439 Speaker 10: Yeah, yeah, it looks distorted. And so if you just 384 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:11,680 Speaker 10: make a triangle and add up the angles, you can 385 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:14,120 Speaker 10: see whether or not the space you're in is curved 386 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:14,719 Speaker 10: or flat. 387 00:19:15,119 --> 00:19:16,800 Speaker 11: Is that kind of a great way to think about 388 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:20,000 Speaker 11: the curvature space. It's kind of like a distortion of space. 389 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:23,320 Speaker 10: Yes, yes, it's a distortion and how the pieces of 390 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 10: space are connected to each other, which changes how you 391 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:29,800 Speaker 10: move through space changes like how you can get from 392 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:31,840 Speaker 10: one spot in space to another spot in space. 393 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:34,800 Speaker 11: Yeah, like I think I'm going straight, but I'm actually 394 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:36,640 Speaker 11: kind of being distorted in one way or the other. 395 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:39,479 Speaker 10: Yeah, it changes what straight means. 396 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:42,920 Speaker 11: Okay, So then the curvature might give some clues as 397 00:19:42,920 --> 00:19:46,160 Speaker 11: to whether, like we wrap around in ourselves or whether 398 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:49,840 Speaker 11: we don't. I mean, that's all it can tell us, right, 399 00:19:49,920 --> 00:19:52,320 Speaker 11: it's whether we're in a sphere or we're not in 400 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:52,840 Speaker 11: a sphere. 401 00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:54,960 Speaker 10: Well, there's one other option, which is that we're on 402 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 10: a sort of a saddle. Space is negatively curved. Imagine 403 00:19:59,280 --> 00:20:00,960 Speaker 10: you have a sheet of pain paper that's formed sort 404 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:03,040 Speaker 10: of like a bowl, right, the opposite of a sphere, 405 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:05,000 Speaker 10: and you're in the middle of that bowl. You can 406 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:08,120 Speaker 10: draw a triangle in that and it will have angles 407 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:11,240 Speaker 10: of less than one hundred and eighty degrees. You measure 408 00:20:11,280 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 10: the distortion. Yeah, yeah, not quite a bowl, because that's 409 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:18,959 Speaker 10: just the inside of a sphere, but something that has 410 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 10: a sort of saddle shape. And so you draw triangle, 411 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:24,639 Speaker 10: you make a measurement, and that tells you. And so 412 00:20:24,720 --> 00:20:27,639 Speaker 10: we've done that. We've made those triangles and we've measured 413 00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:30,280 Speaker 10: them to very high precision in three dimensional space. 414 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:34,800 Speaker 11: Like physicists have done this in the sheet of the universe. 415 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:39,199 Speaker 10: Yes, exactly. We've done it in two different ways, at 416 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:40,840 Speaker 10: least that I can think of off the top of 417 00:20:40,880 --> 00:20:44,200 Speaker 10: my head. One is that we looked at giant cosmic 418 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:46,920 Speaker 10: triangles in space. You know, we've looked at the cosmic 419 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:50,720 Speaker 10: microwave background radiation, this leftover photons from the birth of 420 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:53,760 Speaker 10: the universe, and drawn these triangles and measured the angles 421 00:20:53,800 --> 00:20:56,399 Speaker 10: and they come out to one hundred and eighty degrees. 422 00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:00,440 Speaker 10: It seems like space is flat. Pace is flat. We're 423 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,760 Speaker 10: nearly flat. Yeah, and that's a puzzle. It's really interesting 424 00:21:05,119 --> 00:21:07,320 Speaker 10: that a lot of people wonder, like, why is space flat? 425 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:09,919 Speaker 10: We've measured to be flat to within you know, zero 426 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:12,800 Speaker 10: point one percent, and for a long time that was 427 00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:13,360 Speaker 10: a mystery. 428 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:17,120 Speaker 11: But some people do think that space could be curved, 429 00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:20,399 Speaker 11: like what would why would Why would that be weird? 430 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:24,280 Speaker 10: Yeah, And well that leads perfectly into the second way 431 00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:26,680 Speaker 10: we've measured the curvature of space, which is you might 432 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:29,480 Speaker 10: ask what causes space to curve? Right, why would you 433 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:32,439 Speaker 10: expect space to be curved or flat or negatively curved? 434 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,159 Speaker 10: And the answer is that the thing that curved space 435 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:39,359 Speaker 10: is matter. Right, You put stuff matter and energy into 436 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:42,240 Speaker 10: space and it curves it. That's what general relativity tells 437 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 10: us that that gravity is in fact the curvature of space. 438 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:48,600 Speaker 10: So we know that space gets curved. Like you put 439 00:21:48,680 --> 00:21:50,399 Speaker 10: the Sun in the center of the Solar System, it 440 00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 10: curves space so that the Earth very naturally moves in 441 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:56,399 Speaker 10: a circle around it. Right, that's an impact of the 442 00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:59,879 Speaker 10: curvature of space. Nobody's turning the Earth. Nobody's like driving 443 00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:03,520 Speaker 10: the Earth around the Sun, right, but constantly turning. It's 444 00:22:03,560 --> 00:22:05,840 Speaker 10: moving in what it considers to be a straight line, 445 00:22:06,280 --> 00:22:09,520 Speaker 10: but the space is curved, so it's just moving constantly 446 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:10,040 Speaker 10: in an orbit. 447 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:13,800 Speaker 11: Gravity is not like a force pulling the Earth towards 448 00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:17,000 Speaker 11: the Sun. But gravity is more like its distorting the 449 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:19,320 Speaker 11: space around the Sun so that the Earth just kind 450 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:21,520 Speaker 11: of naturally goes around it. 451 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 10: That's right, That's a great way to think about it. 452 00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:29,639 Speaker 10: And so matter distorts space and causes curvature of space. 453 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:32,439 Speaker 10: And so you can ask is there enough matter and 454 00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:35,880 Speaker 10: energy in the universe to curve space or to make 455 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:39,960 Speaker 10: it negatively curved or positively curved? Right? And if space 456 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,520 Speaker 10: is totally empty, if there's no matter in it at all, 457 00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:45,520 Speaker 10: then it's negatively curved. You have to add energy and 458 00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:49,760 Speaker 10: matter to make space zero have zero curvature, and so 459 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:52,600 Speaker 10: we've measured this. We've measured to total energy. 460 00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:55,280 Speaker 11: It naturally wants to be negatively curved, but if you 461 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 11: add stuff to it, then it gets straighter. 462 00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:02,159 Speaker 10: That's right. With no energy density in it at all, 463 00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:05,679 Speaker 10: would have negative curvature, And so you add stuff to it. 464 00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:08,600 Speaker 10: In fact, if you add I think it's six hydrogen 465 00:23:08,640 --> 00:23:12,760 Speaker 10: atoms worth of energy per square meter, then space has 466 00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:17,359 Speaker 10: zero curvature. It's between five and six. And so we've 467 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,000 Speaker 10: measured the amount of stuff that's in the universe and 468 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,440 Speaker 10: it all adds up to be just about the right 469 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 10: number to make space be not curved, which is seems 470 00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:30,320 Speaker 10: like a weird coincidence, right, It seems like an important clue, like, 471 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:32,639 Speaker 10: why does all the stuff in the universe happen to 472 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:35,240 Speaker 10: add up to the number that's just right to make 473 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:36,880 Speaker 10: space not be curved? 474 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 11: Would that Let's take a break, we'll be back in 475 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:40,879 Speaker 11: just a short minute. 476 00:23:46,119 --> 00:23:48,200 Speaker 14: I'm Buzzsnight and I'm the host of the Taking a 477 00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:50,800 Speaker 14: Walk podcast music History on Foot. 478 00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:54,960 Speaker 15: John Ohates great songs endured, and I'm very proud and 479 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,280 Speaker 15: happy to know that I was part of something that 480 00:23:57,720 --> 00:23:58,399 Speaker 15: will endure. 481 00:23:58,560 --> 00:24:02,439 Speaker 14: The podcast is an audio diary of insightful conversations with 482 00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 14: musicians and the inside stories behind their music. 483 00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,959 Speaker 16: Russ Kunkle, The basic connection that I had with someone 484 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 16: that was great coming out of the Whiskey was David Crosby. 485 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:15,720 Speaker 16: David I met David and Steven and Graham kind of 486 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:20,560 Speaker 16: around the same time, basically through my wife Leah, who 487 00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:21,840 Speaker 16: is Cass Elliott's sister. 488 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:25,919 Speaker 14: The message of the podcast is simple, honest conversation with 489 00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:31,520 Speaker 14: musicians about the music they create. Mike Campbell of the Heartbreakers. 490 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:33,199 Speaker 6: It is correct. I rarely worked things out. I like 491 00:24:33,240 --> 00:24:35,320 Speaker 6: to go off the cup and try to grab things 492 00:24:35,359 --> 00:24:37,280 Speaker 6: out of the air while you're playing the song and 493 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:38,560 Speaker 6: try to catch a little magic. 494 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,800 Speaker 14: Listen to the Taking a Walk podcast on the iHeartRadio app, 495 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:45,160 Speaker 14: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 496 00:24:46,359 --> 00:24:49,320 Speaker 2: Hey, I'm Jackie Thomas, the host of a brand new 497 00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:53,800 Speaker 2: Black Effect original series, black Lit, the podcast for diving 498 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:57,639 Speaker 2: deep into the rich world of black literature. I'm Jackie Thomas, 499 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,880 Speaker 2: and I'm inviting you to join me and a vibrant 500 00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:06,680 Speaker 2: community of literary enthusiasts dedicated to protecting and celebrating our stories. 501 00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:09,479 Speaker 2: Black lit is for the page turners, for those who 502 00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:12,800 Speaker 2: listen to audio books while commuting or running errands, For 503 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:17,600 Speaker 2: those who find themselves seeking solace, wisdom, and refuge. Between 504 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:21,680 Speaker 2: the chapters, from thought provoking novels to powerful poetry, we'll 505 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:26,240 Speaker 2: explore the stories that shape our culture. Together. We'll dissect 506 00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:30,359 Speaker 2: classics and contemporary works while uncovering the stories of the 507 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:34,000 Speaker 2: brilliant writers behind them. Black Lit is here to amplify 508 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:37,560 Speaker 2: the voices of black writers and to bring their words 509 00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:40,880 Speaker 2: to life. Listen to black Lit on the iHeartRadio app, 510 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,800 Speaker 2: Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 511 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:50,560 Speaker 3: I'm doctor Laurie Santos, host of the Happiness Lab podcasts. 512 00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:54,480 Speaker 3: The US elections approach, you can feel like we're angrier 513 00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:58,480 Speaker 3: and more divided than ever, but in a new coop 514 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:01,199 Speaker 3: pole season of my podcast I'll Share with the Science 515 00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:05,120 Speaker 3: really shows that we're surprisingly more united than most people think. 516 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:08,240 Speaker 7: We all know something is wrong in our culture and 517 00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:11,040 Speaker 7: our politics, and that we need to do better, and 518 00:26:11,040 --> 00:26:12,680 Speaker 7: that we can do better with the. 519 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:14,879 Speaker 3: Help of Stanford psychologist Jamil Zaki. 520 00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:18,800 Speaker 5: It's really tragic if cynicism were appeal it'd be a poison. 521 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:21,920 Speaker 3: We'll see that our fellow humans, even those we disagree with, 522 00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:23,679 Speaker 3: are more generous than we assume. 523 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:27,280 Speaker 17: My assumption, my feeling, my hunch is that a lot 524 00:26:27,359 --> 00:26:31,119 Speaker 17: of us are actually looking for a way to disagree 525 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:33,040 Speaker 17: and still be in relationship with each other. 526 00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:37,600 Speaker 3: All that on the Happiness Lab, listen on the iHeartRadio app, 527 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:43,440 Speaker 3: Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. 528 00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:50,120 Speaker 18: Hey, I'm Bruce Bosi on my podcast Table for two. 529 00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:53,760 Speaker 18: We have unforgettable lunch after unforgettable lunch. 530 00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:57,320 Speaker 19: With the best guest you could possibly ask for, people 531 00:26:57,440 --> 00:26:58,680 Speaker 19: like Matt Boemer. 532 00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:01,560 Speaker 10: Thank you for that intro. I'm gonna slip you, slip 533 00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 10: you a couple of twenties under the table, hold on, 534 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:04,320 Speaker 10: Emma Roberts. 535 00:27:04,359 --> 00:27:06,440 Speaker 20: When it came into my email inbox, I was like, Okay, 536 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:08,080 Speaker 20: I know I'm gonna love this so much that I 537 00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:09,680 Speaker 20: don't even want to read it because if I can't 538 00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:10,680 Speaker 20: be in it, I'm gonna be bums. 539 00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:14,879 Speaker 18: And Colin Jost, you know your wife was the first 540 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:16,840 Speaker 18: guest that's Table for two. 541 00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:18,480 Speaker 11: And it's come full circle as long as they do 542 00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:19,000 Speaker 11: better than. 543 00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:22,120 Speaker 18: Her on Table for two is a bit different from 544 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 18: other interview shows. We sit down at a great restaurant 545 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,160 Speaker 18: for a meal, maybe a glass of rose, and the 546 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:32,000 Speaker 18: story start flowing. Our second season is airing right now, 547 00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:36,640 Speaker 18: so you can catch up on our conversations that are intimate, surprising, 548 00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 18: and often hilarious. Listen to Table for two with Bruce 549 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:44,960 Speaker 18: Bozzi and the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcast or wherevery you 550 00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:46,639 Speaker 18: get your podcasts. 551 00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:51,480 Speaker 21: I'm Carrie Champion and this is season four of Naked Sports, 552 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:54,240 Speaker 21: where we live at the intersection of sports and culture. 553 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:58,320 Speaker 21: Up first, I explore the making of a rivalry, Caitlin 554 00:27:58,359 --> 00:27:59,879 Speaker 21: Clark versus Angel Wreath. 555 00:28:00,160 --> 00:28:01,200 Speaker 8: I know I'll go down in history. 556 00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:04,000 Speaker 12: People an't talking about women's basketballs just because of one 557 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:04,640 Speaker 12: single game. 558 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:06,399 Speaker 1: Every great player needs a foil. 559 00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:07,320 Speaker 12: And hear them wise. 560 00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:09,280 Speaker 8: I just come your toplay basketballer, Ray kendled that and 561 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:10,119 Speaker 8: that's what I focused are. 562 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:13,240 Speaker 21: From college to the pros, Clark and Reeves have changed 563 00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:15,160 Speaker 21: the way we consume women's sports. 564 00:28:15,440 --> 00:28:20,719 Speaker 8: Angel Reese is a joy to watch. She is unapologetically black. 565 00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:21,520 Speaker 8: I love her. 566 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,879 Speaker 21: What exactly ignited this fire? Why has it been so 567 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:27,840 Speaker 21: good for the game, and can the fanfare surrounding these 568 00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:31,320 Speaker 21: two supernovas be sustained. This game is only going to 569 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,120 Speaker 21: get better because the talent is getting better. This new 570 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 21: season will cover all things sports and culture. Listen to 571 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 21: Naked Sports on the Black Effect Podcast Network, iHeartRadio, app, 572 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:43,360 Speaker 21: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 573 00:28:43,800 --> 00:28:47,320 Speaker 4: The Black Effect Podcast Network is sponsored by diet Coke. 574 00:28:53,840 --> 00:28:56,440 Speaker 10: Space seems to be flat. At least space in our 575 00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:58,760 Speaker 10: part of the universe seems to be flat. Could be 576 00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:00,480 Speaker 10: that in other parts of the universe it's nerved, right, 577 00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:03,320 Speaker 10: But in our part of the universes seems to be flat. 578 00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:06,120 Speaker 11: And we think that sort of a that it maybe 579 00:29:06,160 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 11: extends out to as far as we can see. 580 00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:11,640 Speaker 10: Yeah, it seems to follow the same rules. Okay, and 581 00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:14,040 Speaker 10: so you're absolutely right. That rules out, you know, the 582 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:16,160 Speaker 10: potato universe that we're living on the surface of this 583 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:19,920 Speaker 10: huge cosmic potato or bubble universe whatever. It rules out 584 00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:23,560 Speaker 10: the saddle universe where the universe's negative curvature. Seems like 585 00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:24,720 Speaker 10: space is flat, which is. 586 00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:29,320 Speaker 11: Flat, and it would go in one direction forever. I'll 587 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:29,920 Speaker 11: just keep going. 588 00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:32,800 Speaker 10: Not necessarily, right, we know space is flat. That doesn't 589 00:29:32,840 --> 00:29:36,440 Speaker 10: necessarily mean that it's infinite. It's a natural idea, right 590 00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:39,360 Speaker 10: If space is flat, then it doesn't curve on itself, 591 00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:40,960 Speaker 10: and so it seems like you could be able to 592 00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:41,240 Speaker 10: go on. 593 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:44,360 Speaker 11: Forever earlier that you can't just have a wall. 594 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:47,800 Speaker 10: Can't just have a wall. But but since we don't 595 00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:50,200 Speaker 10: know what space is, we don't really know how it works, 596 00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:53,400 Speaker 10: we don't really know how it's connected. It's still possible 597 00:29:53,760 --> 00:29:56,520 Speaker 10: that it could be flat but connected in a weird way. 598 00:29:56,600 --> 00:29:59,640 Speaker 10: So where one edge is connected to the other edge, 599 00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:03,120 Speaker 10: like you go flat, you're moving through flat space, but 600 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:06,800 Speaker 10: it just loops on back on itself, like it's connected 601 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:10,000 Speaker 10: in that way, like an asteroids game. You know, you 602 00:30:10,080 --> 00:30:11,960 Speaker 10: go at the edge of the screen, but you appear 603 00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:12,240 Speaker 10: on the. 604 00:30:12,240 --> 00:30:15,480 Speaker 11: Other side, like you teleport to the other side. 605 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:19,400 Speaker 10: Yeah, yeah, and not necessarily teleport, Like that could just 606 00:30:19,440 --> 00:30:20,920 Speaker 10: be the way space is connected. 607 00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:24,480 Speaker 11: So that's weird. That's that wouldn't feel you mean, like 608 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:27,560 Speaker 11: an asteroid games or like pac Man where you walk 609 00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:29,320 Speaker 11: off one side of the screen and suddenly you appear 610 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:33,840 Speaker 11: on the other side. Like that is possibility. Physicists are like, hey, 611 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:34,960 Speaker 11: that could be true. 612 00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:38,840 Speaker 10: That certainly could be true, Yes, absolutely, But the other 613 00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:41,840 Speaker 10: possibility is also true, which is maybe it just goes 614 00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:44,640 Speaker 10: on forever. Right, it could be that the that space 615 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:48,720 Speaker 10: goes on forever, and that's also kind of weird because 616 00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 10: that's infinite space. 617 00:30:50,560 --> 00:30:51,400 Speaker 11: Infinite space. 618 00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:55,080 Speaker 10: Yeah yeah, and it could be that space is flat, 619 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:57,960 Speaker 10: but it just ends because we can't see past the 620 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:02,520 Speaker 10: observable universe, and so we have intuition and ideas and 621 00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:05,080 Speaker 10: speculation and we think, oh, this would be more natural, 622 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:07,160 Speaker 10: or that would be more natural, or I wish the 623 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:09,840 Speaker 10: universe looked that way, but at this point that's all 624 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:18,440 Speaker 10: we can do. Yeah. So it's a fascinating concept, infinity, because, 625 00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:22,000 Speaker 10: as you say, if things go on forever and then 626 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:25,440 Speaker 10: you get infinite number of tries at everything, then that 627 00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:29,280 Speaker 10: means that, given quantum randomness, you really do get every 628 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:31,880 Speaker 10: possibility out there. So it means it's somewhere out there, 629 00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:35,160 Speaker 10: there's a universe where we're recording a podcast and I'm 630 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,640 Speaker 10: named Jorge and you're named Daniel, and right, you know, 631 00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:41,040 Speaker 10: another universe where every possible thing you can imagine happens. 632 00:31:41,520 --> 00:31:44,760 Speaker 10: That's really true, I mean, it's actually happening. If there 633 00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 10: is an infinite universe with infinite space, it means it 634 00:31:47,320 --> 00:31:49,200 Speaker 10: could be really far away and we could never get there, 635 00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:52,360 Speaker 10: and prove it. But if that is reality, then it's 636 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:55,640 Speaker 10: really happening right now, which is crazy to think about it. 637 00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:58,080 Speaker 11: Right right, we just will never see it. 638 00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:01,520 Speaker 10: We'll never see it, yeah, or if we wait long enough, 639 00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:04,640 Speaker 10: maybe we would. But it's also so it's on one hand, 640 00:32:04,680 --> 00:32:07,680 Speaker 10: like really crazy to imagine infinite universe with infinite stuff 641 00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:10,000 Speaker 10: in it. On the other hand, it's sort of natural, right, 642 00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:13,880 Speaker 10: Like what's the simplest explanation is it's simpler to imagine 643 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,520 Speaker 10: an edge, right, like a limited amount of stuff. I 644 00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,960 Speaker 10: find those ideas to be sort of weird, and they 645 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:24,920 Speaker 10: sort of call back to, you know, geocentrism, the idea 646 00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:27,600 Speaker 10: that we're the center, we're an important place in the universe. 647 00:32:28,240 --> 00:32:30,120 Speaker 10: It's much more natural for me to think the universe 648 00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:32,240 Speaker 10: just goes on forever and we're just at one dot 649 00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:35,840 Speaker 10: in a random spot in it. Wow. Otherwise they have 650 00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:39,480 Speaker 10: to explain, like why the universe began here, Like imagine 651 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:43,479 Speaker 10: the scenario the infinite space but finite stuff scenario. Then 652 00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:45,400 Speaker 10: you have to ask, why did the Big Bang happen 653 00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:48,320 Speaker 10: here and not fifty billion light years to the left 654 00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:49,400 Speaker 10: or to the right. 655 00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:52,960 Speaker 11: In that infinite space? Why is that clump matter here? 656 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:53,560 Speaker 11: Where we are. 657 00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:58,160 Speaker 10: Yeah, So my personal preference, based on no science at all, 658 00:32:58,560 --> 00:33:01,680 Speaker 10: is the infinite space, infinite stuff universe because it sort 659 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:05,680 Speaker 10: of puts to rest some of those questions who raises others? 660 00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:09,920 Speaker 11: Right? It doesn't raise weird questions or inconsistencies. 661 00:33:10,640 --> 00:33:13,760 Speaker 10: Yeah, it just asks you to imagine a creation of 662 00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:16,320 Speaker 10: an infinite stuff in a moment. I mean, that's not 663 00:33:16,360 --> 00:33:20,560 Speaker 10: too much that Yeah. Currently, I don't know of anybody 664 00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:23,960 Speaker 10: who has such clever ideas for ways to determine whether 665 00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:26,680 Speaker 10: the universe is infinite or finite by just looking at 666 00:33:26,720 --> 00:33:29,000 Speaker 10: stuff around us. So the only way we could do 667 00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:31,640 Speaker 10: it is direct by looking at the universe, which of 668 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:35,120 Speaker 10: course we can't. So currently it feels impossible, but you know, 669 00:33:35,160 --> 00:33:36,560 Speaker 10: we always have to leave a little bit of an 670 00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:40,040 Speaker 10: open door there for some future physicists more clever than 671 00:33:40,120 --> 00:33:43,040 Speaker 10: us comes up with a clever way to probe whether 672 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:45,520 Speaker 10: the universe is finite or infinite just by looking at 673 00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:46,400 Speaker 10: clues around us. 674 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:50,200 Speaker 11: You might say that there's plenty of room to grow. 675 00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:53,280 Speaker 7: There. 676 00:33:53,360 --> 00:33:55,680 Speaker 10: Certainly is there? Certainly is cool. 677 00:33:55,920 --> 00:34:00,160 Speaker 11: Well, I hope you guys enjoyed that discussion. Yeah, and 678 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:03,320 Speaker 11: maybe when you look out at night into the stars, 679 00:34:03,360 --> 00:34:06,320 Speaker 11: do you think about the idea that maybe the universe 680 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:10,680 Speaker 11: is infinite or maybe we're seeing all that there is. 681 00:34:11,080 --> 00:34:14,279 Speaker 10: And regardless, it's a beautiful, gorgeous universe out there. And 682 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:17,560 Speaker 10: if you're into views, the best view out there is 683 00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 10: the night sky in the top of a mountain where 684 00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:23,040 Speaker 10: you can see billions of light years across amazing vistas. So, 685 00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:26,160 Speaker 10: however big the universe is, go out and enjoy it. 686 00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:33,759 Speaker 10: Do you have a question you wish we would cover, 687 00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:36,320 Speaker 10: Send it to us. We'd love to hear from you. 688 00:34:36,320 --> 00:34:39,520 Speaker 10: You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 689 00:34:39,680 --> 00:34:43,640 Speaker 10: Daniel and Jorge one Word, or email us to feedback 690 00:34:43,680 --> 00:34:59,480 Speaker 10: at Danielandjorge dot com. When you pop a piece of 691 00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:03,160 Speaker 10: cheese in mouth, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact. 692 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:05,960 Speaker 10: But the people in the dairy industry are. That's why 693 00:35:06,040 --> 00:35:08,520 Speaker 10: they're working hard every day to find new ways to 694 00:35:08,560 --> 00:35:12,920 Speaker 10: reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. 695 00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:16,799 Speaker 10: How is us dairy tackling greenhouse gases? Many farms use 696 00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:20,680 Speaker 10: anaerobic digestors to turn the methane from manure into renewable 697 00:35:20,840 --> 00:35:24,720 Speaker 10: energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. Visit 698 00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:27,839 Speaker 10: usdairy dot COM's last sustainability to learn more. 699 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:31,160 Speaker 2: Hey, I'm Jacklie Thomas, the host of a brand new 700 00:35:31,160 --> 00:35:34,880 Speaker 2: Black Effects original series, black Lit, the podcast for diving 701 00:35:34,920 --> 00:35:37,640 Speaker 2: deep into the rich world of black literature. Black Lit 702 00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:39,759 Speaker 2: is for the page turners, for those who listen to 703 00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:42,719 Speaker 2: audiobooks while running errands or at the end of a 704 00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:46,600 Speaker 2: busy day. From thought provoking novels to powerful poetry, we'll 705 00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:50,080 Speaker 2: explore the stories that shape our culture. Listen to Black 706 00:35:50,120 --> 00:35:54,000 Speaker 2: Lit on the Black Effect Podcast Network, iHeartRadio, app, Apple Podcasts, 707 00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:55,880 Speaker 2: or wherever you get your podcasts. 708 00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:58,759 Speaker 3: The Black Effect Podcast Network is sponsored by diet Coke. 709 00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:02,200 Speaker 3: I'm doctor Laurie Santon, host of the Happiness Lab podcast. 710 00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:06,239 Speaker 3: As the US elections approach, it can feel like we're 711 00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:10,399 Speaker 3: angrier and more divided than ever. But in a new 712 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,440 Speaker 3: hopeful season of my podcast, I'll Share with the Science 713 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:17,359 Speaker 3: really shows that we're surprisingly more united than most people think. 714 00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:20,480 Speaker 7: We all know something is wrong in our culture and 715 00:36:20,560 --> 00:36:23,279 Speaker 7: our politics, and that we need to do better and 716 00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:24,320 Speaker 7: that we can be better. 717 00:36:24,560 --> 00:36:28,359 Speaker 4: Listen on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 718 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:31,920 Speaker 4: listen to podcasts from tips for healthy living to the 719 00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:36,560 Speaker 4: latest medical breakthroughs. WebMD's Health Discovered podcast keeps you up 720 00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:39,759 Speaker 4: to date on today's most important health issues. Through in 721 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:43,960 Speaker 4: depth conversations with experts from across the healthcare community. WebMD 722 00:36:44,239 --> 00:36:47,480 Speaker 4: reveals how today's health news will impact your life tomorrow. 723 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,240 Speaker 5: It's not that people don't know that exercise is healthy. 724 00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:52,680 Speaker 5: It's just that people don't know why it's healthy, and 725 00:36:52,719 --> 00:36:55,040 Speaker 5: we're struggling to try to help people help themselves in 726 00:36:55,080 --> 00:36:55,480 Speaker 5: each other. 727 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:59,440 Speaker 4: Listen to WebMD Health Discovered on the iHeartRadio app or 728 00:36:59,480 --> 00:37:00,959 Speaker 4: wherever you can your podcasts. 729 00:37:01,160 --> 00:37:04,400 Speaker 8: I'm Joe Gatto, I'm Steve Byrne. We are two cool moms. 730 00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:06,799 Speaker 8: We certainly are. And guess where we could find us now? 731 00:37:06,960 --> 00:37:09,760 Speaker 9: Oh, I don't know the iHeart podcast network. 732 00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:12,759 Speaker 8: That's right. We're an official iHeart podcast and I'm super 733 00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:14,120 Speaker 8: excited about it. I am too. 734 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:17,640 Speaker 9: I thought Two Cool Moms was such a fun podcast, 735 00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:21,360 Speaker 9: but now it's even more funner and cooler and heardier. 736 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:25,080 Speaker 8: That's right, it's more iheartier. I knew it. Check your 737 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:26,400 Speaker 8: heart rate. We're here at iHeart. 738 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:28,320 Speaker 9: Yeah, you could find us wherever you listen to your podcasts, 739 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:29,880 Speaker 9: or on the iHeartRadio app.