WEBVTT - Ep 14 Rabies: Don't dilute me, bro 0:00:00.840 --> 0:00:05.559 After the operation, he started mumbling loudly, then became hysterical. 0:00:06.280 --> 0:00:09.040 He was given a sedative, which had no effect, and 0:00:09.160 --> 0:00:12.080 his body began to twist about and his legs thrash 0:00:12.119 --> 0:00:15.000 about in the air. He was moved to a side room, 0:00:15.880 --> 0:00:19.960 but before he was moved, the patient, thrashing about in agony, 0:00:20.040 --> 0:00:24.000 bit a nurse who told how after a routine operation, 0:00:24.120 --> 0:00:28.760 the patient began growling and howling, disturbing the whole hospital. 0:00:29.400 --> 0:00:32.519 Drugs had no effect, and he suffered convulsions and he 0:00:32.560 --> 0:00:36.680 was violently sick. Saliva began foaming from his mouth, and 0:00:36.760 --> 0:00:39.839 he was unable to control his movements. He tried to 0:00:39.920 --> 0:00:41.919 hurl himself from the bed, and before she could catch 0:00:42.000 --> 0:00:44.160 him and stop his head hitting the floor, he bit her. 0:00:44.880 --> 0:00:47.680 By then six members of staff were trying to restrain him, 0:00:47.680 --> 0:00:50.600 and he appeared to be asking for water. When offered 0:00:50.600 --> 0:01:19.880 a glass, he spat water out and went mad, Hi, Hi, longtime, 0:01:19.959 --> 0:01:20.959 no chat. 0:01:21.760 --> 0:01:24.440 Yeah, I mean it's been a while, but I guess. 0:01:24.240 --> 0:01:26.200 What what, we're back. 0:01:26.840 --> 0:01:29.360 We are back, and it feels really good. 0:01:29.440 --> 0:01:31.600 Oh my gosh, I'm just the seat. It's like my 0:01:31.600 --> 0:01:32.520 button never left it. 0:01:32.680 --> 0:01:34.600 I know, right, It really does feel like no time 0:01:34.640 --> 0:01:37.160 this passed. True, it was kind of scary. 0:01:38.400 --> 0:01:41.000 I'm Aaron Welsh and I'm Aaron Aleman of Nike. 0:01:40.959 --> 0:01:48.120 And you're listening to this podcast. Will kill you. Welcome, Welcome. 0:01:48.240 --> 0:01:51.160 We're so excited to have you. Yeah, because there are 0:01:51.480 --> 0:01:54.120 so many more of you, yeah. 0:01:53.720 --> 0:01:56.480 Than there used to be, like a lot of thousands more. 0:01:57.160 --> 0:02:00.640 I gotta admit I'm a little nervous. Yeah, but I 0:02:00.680 --> 0:02:02.160 think we're gonna have a really fun time. 0:02:02.200 --> 0:02:03.919 I think this is gonna be great. 0:02:05.120 --> 0:02:06.680 So let's just go right in. 0:02:06.840 --> 0:02:11.079 Yeah, let's we have our microphones. Let's let's do this. 0:02:11.320 --> 0:02:15.200 We also have our very important quarantiny. 0:02:15.360 --> 0:02:18.840 Quarantiny what do we have this week? Oh? Well, this week, 0:02:19.760 --> 0:02:22.720 there's no question on what we're drinking. It's the hair 0:02:22.760 --> 0:02:23.680 of the Rabbit Dog. 0:02:24.040 --> 0:02:26.840 Oh what does that mean? Does that mean that we're doing. 0:02:26.800 --> 0:02:30.120 Oh yeah, that's right. Raby, raby baby. 0:02:30.240 --> 0:02:32.919 You asked for it, you got it. Okay, so we've 0:02:32.919 --> 0:02:36.280 got the hair of the rabbit dog. Briefly, what's in it? 0:02:36.320 --> 0:02:40.000 Because we are gonna post the complete recipe on Instagram, 0:02:40.040 --> 0:02:41.840 on Twitter, on Facebook, et cetera. 0:02:42.000 --> 0:02:44.520 Yeah, so if you're not following us on social medi's 0:02:44.600 --> 0:02:48.240 already make sure you do that. And that's where you 0:02:48.240 --> 0:02:52.679 can find in addition to these delicious quarantine recipes, all 0:02:52.720 --> 0:02:55.960 of our other info about fun stuff. 0:02:55.720 --> 0:03:00.760 Links to old episodes, information about us, and also booklists. 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:02.679 Back to the Hair of the Rabbit dog. 0:03:02.800 --> 0:03:06.240 Right, what's in it? Let me tell you gin number 0:03:06.280 --> 0:03:11.520 one of course, great number two, grapefruit juice because that's delicious. 0:03:12.680 --> 0:03:20.520 Number three elderflower liqueur because we fancy, and of course 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:26.400 the cardinal symptom of rabies is foaming at the mouth, 0:03:26.600 --> 0:03:29.799 so it's topped with a beautiful egg white foam oh yes. 0:03:30.120 --> 0:03:33.600 Oh yes, which also as dis e z ecologists drinking 0:03:34.080 --> 0:03:34.560 raw egg. 0:03:34.760 --> 0:03:36.880 You should have seen us trying to make it. We're like, oh, 0:03:37.000 --> 0:03:39.960 is this a right amount? How do you Is this 0:03:40.040 --> 0:03:42.440 gonna be safe for us to drink? We're taking one 0:03:42.480 --> 0:03:43.400 for the team here, guys. 0:03:43.960 --> 0:03:47.960 To make this cocktail, you mix some of the liquors 0:03:47.960 --> 0:03:50.520 together and then you layer the egg white filam on top, 0:03:51.080 --> 0:03:56.279 and then you're gonna place some long strands of grapefruit 0:03:56.360 --> 0:03:59.160 peel on top so that it looks like little bits 0:03:59.200 --> 0:03:59.600 of hair. 0:04:00.160 --> 0:04:00.640 So gross. 0:04:00.720 --> 0:04:02.880 Care of the Rabbit Dot I like to make things gross, 0:04:02.920 --> 0:04:06.640 though it's beautiful at the same time. 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:32.360 It's fantastic, all right, Rabies. When I started researching, my 0:04:32.520 --> 0:04:36.279 idea for this story was to kind of start with 0:04:36.440 --> 0:04:41.440 a like, picture this you're a little like we did 0:04:41.480 --> 0:04:46.720 with tuberculosis. Yeah, but Teabs was really endearing and Raby's 0:04:46.800 --> 0:04:47.080 is not. 0:04:48.480 --> 0:04:49.680 It's a terrifying thing. 0:04:49.880 --> 0:04:53.320 Yeah, And so I didn't want to get to depressing 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:55.560 right off the bat, where like, we start a story 0:04:55.600 --> 0:04:58.560 and then everyone ends up dying in the story. So 0:04:58.920 --> 0:05:04.479 I'm sorry, which episode, Rabies. Here we go, Let's just begin. 0:05:06.839 --> 0:05:10.360 Here's where we're gonna start. We're gonna start at the beginning, 0:05:11.240 --> 0:05:15.039 which is, of course, with a bite. So you're bitten 0:05:15.720 --> 0:05:18.560 by let's say a dog. Okay, it doesn't have to 0:05:18.560 --> 0:05:20.840 be a dog. It could be a bat, or a fox, 0:05:21.320 --> 0:05:26.200 or a something I don't know, could be any number 0:05:26.240 --> 0:05:28.560 of animals. But we're gonna pretend like it's a dog. 0:05:29.920 --> 0:05:36.480 And in that dog saliva are thousands of little viral particles. Okay, 0:05:36.520 --> 0:05:39.960 So that's our first point. Rayby's is a virus. Okay, 0:05:40.320 --> 0:05:43.560 And if you remember from what we've talked about last season, 0:05:43.640 --> 0:05:47.719 viruses are basically just genetic material that's surrounded by protein. 0:05:48.640 --> 0:05:51.480 That's pretty much it. In the case of rabies virus, 0:05:51.520 --> 0:05:56.039 which is also called alyssa virus, that's the genus of virus. 0:05:56.640 --> 0:06:00.840 We're talking about five different proteins and one strain of RNA. 0:06:01.480 --> 0:06:03.880 That's the whole thing. That's all it is. Okay, all 0:06:03.960 --> 0:06:07.000 this mess is gonna come from five proteins and a 0:06:07.040 --> 0:06:12.480 little strand of RNA. M okay. So these viral particles 0:06:12.520 --> 0:06:16.440 happen to be shaped like little bullets, which is crazy. 0:06:16.560 --> 0:06:18.599 Like people are like, oh, they look like bullets, but 0:06:18.640 --> 0:06:20.760 then you look at a picture of them, they actually 0:06:20.839 --> 0:06:23.240 look like a bullet, like what's in a gun? 0:06:23.480 --> 0:06:24.080 That's crazy. 0:06:24.200 --> 0:06:28.120 Yeah, it's nuts. So you've been bitten and the saliva 0:06:28.320 --> 0:06:31.680 is now in your large gaping wound. Oh my god, 0:06:32.400 --> 0:06:35.760 let's call this. Let's say this wound is on your calf. Okay, okay, 0:06:35.839 --> 0:06:37.719 that seems like a reasonable place where a dog would 0:06:37.760 --> 0:06:41.920 bite you. So you have a large gaping wound on 0:06:41.960 --> 0:06:44.479 your calf, it's bleeding everywhere, and it's covered in dog 0:06:44.520 --> 0:06:47.520 saliva and the saliva is filled with a little bullet 0:06:47.560 --> 0:06:48.600 shaped viruses. 0:06:49.520 --> 0:06:52.359 Uh oh, So what happens next? Do I want to know? 0:06:52.560 --> 0:06:56.839 Oh? You want to know? So what happens is the 0:06:57.000 --> 0:07:01.000 virus actually binds to these receptors on your muscle cells. 0:07:01.400 --> 0:07:06.640 They're called acetylcholine receptors, which basically is a receptor that 0:07:06.720 --> 0:07:10.760 your nerves use to transmit signals. So that's like the 0:07:10.960 --> 0:07:13.760 normal way that your nerve would talk to your muscle 0:07:13.840 --> 0:07:16.760 is through these receptors. So the virus binds to those 0:07:17.040 --> 0:07:20.400 and then it squirms its way in to your muscle 0:07:20.440 --> 0:07:26.400 cells and it starts to replicate. And because it's inside 0:07:26.520 --> 0:07:29.640 of your cell most of the time, if you get 0:07:29.680 --> 0:07:32.720 a giant, gaping bite wound, your immune system comes over 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:34.720 and it's like, oh my god, we need to clean 0:07:34.720 --> 0:07:38.640 those up. There's saliva everywhere, and it does a really 0:07:38.680 --> 0:07:41.000 good job of like cleaning up what's going on in 0:07:41.000 --> 0:07:44.200 that large gaping wound. But this virus, it's already inside 0:07:44.200 --> 0:07:48.160 your muscle cells. Your immune system is basically useless because 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:50.440 it can't attack your own muscle cells. It doesn't even 0:07:50.480 --> 0:07:55.320 know that anything's in there, right ooh, that's as it's great. 0:07:55.720 --> 0:07:57.880 So it just sort of hangs out in your muscle 0:07:57.880 --> 0:08:01.480 cells for a while, replicating itself and building up its 0:08:01.480 --> 0:08:05.960 own little army. Then once it's got its own little 0:08:06.000 --> 0:08:10.080 bullet army. It bloops its way out of your muscle cells. 0:08:10.520 --> 0:08:14.120 It travels across the space between your muscle and your 0:08:14.160 --> 0:08:17.160 neuron that we know is right there, and then it 0:08:17.200 --> 0:08:20.720 weasels its way into the neuron using the same receptors 0:08:21.120 --> 0:08:24.520 that we're on the muscle cell. So it's the same 0:08:24.560 --> 0:08:27.480 receptor on both the nerve and the muscle, and it 0:08:27.560 --> 0:08:27.960 just goes. 0:08:28.800 --> 0:08:31.600 So it just makes this easy little just a little. 0:08:31.440 --> 0:08:35.480 Jump, yeah, just a little jump. And then it travels 0:08:36.040 --> 0:08:41.080 up the nerve. So it travels from your calf up 0:08:41.280 --> 0:08:45.440 your nerve all the way to your central nervous system 0:08:45.559 --> 0:08:48.880 to your spinal cord, and then it travels all the 0:08:48.880 --> 0:08:52.440 way up your spinal cord to your brain. And that 0:08:53.120 --> 0:08:58.360 is how you get rabies. And it does this kind 0:08:58.360 --> 0:09:02.720 of slowly. I mean, I mean I got actually very 0:09:02.760 --> 0:09:05.080 mixed results when I was trying to figure out exactly 0:09:05.120 --> 0:09:08.040 how fast it's traveling up your nerve. Like the first 0:09:08.120 --> 0:09:10.160 source that I found was like, oh, it travels at 0:09:10.200 --> 0:09:12.280 a rate of one to three millimeters a day, and 0:09:12.320 --> 0:09:14.680 I was like, that's wicked slow. That's like very slow. 0:09:15.200 --> 0:09:17.440 And then the next one was like twelve to one hundred, 0:09:17.480 --> 0:09:19.600 and I was like, that's an insane amount of very 0:09:19.720 --> 0:09:25.480 that's not one hundred, what twelve? So the WHL expert 0:09:25.760 --> 0:09:28.320 on Raby's says eight to twenty. So I'm gonna go 0:09:28.360 --> 0:09:31.040 with that. That sounds good, Okay. So what that means 0:09:31.120 --> 0:09:34.960 is it takes about one to three months most of 0:09:35.000 --> 0:09:37.360 the time for it to make its way all the 0:09:37.360 --> 0:09:39.880 way to your central nervous system. So the incubation period 0:09:39.920 --> 0:09:42.560 for this virus is on average one to three months. 0:09:43.480 --> 0:09:47.760 But if you get bit somewhere like your face where 0:09:47.880 --> 0:09:50.280 a You've got a bunch of nerves there that it 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:52.800 could travel on and be those nerves are real close 0:09:52.840 --> 0:09:56.000 to your brain, then the incubation period could be a 0:09:56.040 --> 0:09:56.560 lot shorter. 0:09:56.720 --> 0:09:57.800 Okay, that makes sense. 0:09:57.880 --> 0:10:01.000 Yeah, but isn't that crazy, Like this virus hitches a 0:10:01.160 --> 0:10:03.960 ride inside of your neuron. 0:10:04.320 --> 0:10:08.160 Right, let's talk about how crazy that is. It's ridiculous 0:10:08.240 --> 0:10:11.400 because what is the blood brain barrier? 0:10:12.080 --> 0:10:17.079 Okay, so the blood brain barrier. It basically prevents crazy 0:10:17.080 --> 0:10:19.840 infections from getting into your brain. There's not a ton 0:10:19.920 --> 0:10:23.080 of other pathogens that do this, that make their way 0:10:23.160 --> 0:10:26.200 into our nervous system. There are some something like herpes virus, 0:10:27.160 --> 0:10:31.679 something like vericella or chicken pox. Those viruses are also 0:10:31.760 --> 0:10:34.080 very good at hiding out in our nervous system, which 0:10:34.120 --> 0:10:36.400 is a great way for your body to not be 0:10:36.440 --> 0:10:40.720 able to recognize it because our body doesn't want to 0:10:40.800 --> 0:10:44.080 attack our nervous system because we need that, especially our 0:10:44.120 --> 0:10:47.640 central nervous system. If something goes wrong there, we're really 0:10:47.679 --> 0:10:51.640 really screwed. And so even your own immune cells have 0:10:51.679 --> 0:10:54.080 a hard time making it into your nervous system to 0:10:54.120 --> 0:10:57.200 be able to fight off invaders. Most of the time, 0:10:57.320 --> 0:11:00.720 the blood brain barrier keeps those invaders out to begin with. Okay, 0:11:02.280 --> 0:11:06.200 so it's already there, like it's ridiculous, and it just 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:10.200 it traveled there on your nerve and so then it's 0:11:10.200 --> 0:11:13.280 basically there. Like once it's in your central nervous system, 0:11:13.360 --> 0:11:17.240 there's not really much that you can do. There. Happened 0:11:17.280 --> 0:11:21.920 to be five main phases of infection with Raby's virus. Incubation, 0:11:22.280 --> 0:11:24.439 which is what we pretty much just talked about. It's 0:11:24.480 --> 0:11:28.040 that period that on average last one to three months, 0:11:28.160 --> 0:11:30.080 but it honestly can be from like a couple of 0:11:30.120 --> 0:11:35.480 weeks to years and terrifying. It's terrifying, and it really 0:11:35.520 --> 0:11:39.880 depends on how many viruses get into your system from 0:11:39.880 --> 0:11:42.360 the very beginning. So if you got bit on the 0:11:42.400 --> 0:11:46.080 calf by a dog full of saliva that's full of 0:11:46.160 --> 0:11:49.280 viral particles, then the incubation period is probably going to 0:11:49.360 --> 0:11:51.520 be shorter even if they if you got bit on 0:11:51.559 --> 0:11:53.800 your calf, because it's not going to spend as much 0:11:53.800 --> 0:11:56.440 time in your muscle cells. It's just going to be 0:11:56.520 --> 0:11:59.920 able to hop straight into your nerves perfectly, okay, Whereas 0:12:00.000 --> 0:12:02.320 if you maybe got bit and like you had like 0:12:02.400 --> 0:12:05.080 two viral particles, then it could lay latent for a 0:12:05.120 --> 0:12:09.960 longer period of time. Crazy. So that's the incubation period. 0:12:10.080 --> 0:12:12.959 Then you have the prodrome, which I'll talk about in 0:12:13.000 --> 0:12:18.960 a second, acute neurological symptoms, and then coma and death 0:12:22.880 --> 0:12:27.040 and basically, yeah, that's those are the five stages, and 0:12:27.080 --> 0:12:31.679 we'll talk more about why, like death is it's just 0:12:31.800 --> 0:12:38.200 like a stage of Raby's infection at this point for humans. Okay, 0:12:38.559 --> 0:12:42.400 so the virus has already had this crazy journey, and 0:12:42.720 --> 0:12:46.320 sometimes you might actually start to enter the prodrome stage, 0:12:46.360 --> 0:12:49.280 which is the second stage, while the virus is still 0:12:49.320 --> 0:12:51.720 in your peripheral nervous system, so in the nerves in 0:12:51.760 --> 0:12:55.160 your arms or your legs or your body. And that 0:12:55.400 --> 0:12:59.719 stage is basically like you might have some tingling, some 0:13:00.080 --> 0:13:04.559 you're like nerve tingling in your arms or legs. You 0:13:04.640 --> 0:13:08.440 might have some muscle spasms, you might just have some weakness. 0:13:09.040 --> 0:13:12.680 But it's really not specific, and it's actually really mimics 0:13:12.720 --> 0:13:14.560 some other diseases like gion beret. 0:13:15.200 --> 0:13:19.560 So can you tell me what prodrome is usually used 0:13:19.559 --> 0:13:21.160 to refer to, Like, what does it mean? 0:13:21.240 --> 0:13:24.080 So? Prodrome usually means like the lead up to or 0:13:24.080 --> 0:13:26.599 the build up to a disease phase, at least in 0:13:26.679 --> 0:13:30.720 terms of disease. Yeah, and then once it makes it 0:13:30.720 --> 0:13:34.000 into your central nervous system, you'll start having these nervous 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:38.480 system effects. And the thing that's such a bummer about 0:13:38.559 --> 0:13:44.040 rabies is that there's pretty much almost no hope for 0:13:44.160 --> 0:13:48.000 you once you get to that stage. So once you 0:13:48.080 --> 0:13:53.840 start showing clinical symptoms, the average time till death is 0:13:53.920 --> 0:13:57.520 like a week. Wow, And that's pretty much it. So 0:13:57.600 --> 0:14:02.439 there's two forms of rabies. One it hits the clinical stage, 0:14:02.679 --> 0:14:07.160 and one of them is called furious rabies ruh. And 0:14:07.200 --> 0:14:09.760 it's exactly what you think of as rabies. Like when 0:14:09.800 --> 0:14:13.080 you think rabies, you're thinking of furious rabies. Okay, And 0:14:13.120 --> 0:14:15.520 so we'll talk about all the symptoms of furious rabies 0:14:15.600 --> 0:14:17.920 in a second, okay, with the other form is called 0:14:17.960 --> 0:14:22.520 paralytic rabies, and it's just as deadly. It's just instead 0:14:22.560 --> 0:14:25.480 of having the furious form, you have exactly what it 0:14:25.520 --> 0:14:26.600 sounds like, paralysis. 0:14:26.800 --> 0:14:27.240 Okay. 0:14:27.400 --> 0:14:30.080 So that one you tend to die a little bit 0:14:30.280 --> 0:14:35.960 more slowly, oh god. And then in furious form you 0:14:36.160 --> 0:14:39.080 die usually within five to seven days. With paralytic you 0:14:39.160 --> 0:14:40.800 might last like eleven. 0:14:42.920 --> 0:14:47.080 What a blessing? Yeah? What's the split on those? Uh? 0:14:47.120 --> 0:14:47.960 What do you mean this split? 0:14:48.040 --> 0:14:48.560 What proportion? 0:14:48.840 --> 0:14:52.920 Oh? Yeah, great question. So it's almost seventy to eighty 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:56.000 percent furious and then twenty to thirty percent paralytics. So 0:14:56.040 --> 0:14:58.680 furious is definitely the reason it's the most like, well 0:14:58.720 --> 0:15:02.600 known is also because it's the mo common Okay, yeah, okay, 0:15:02.600 --> 0:15:04.760 So I know you want to know about the symptoms. 0:15:04.840 --> 0:15:05.440 Yeah you're not. 0:15:05.640 --> 0:15:08.160 You read my mind, but you also you already know 0:15:08.200 --> 0:15:10.280 a lot of the symptoms, right, So what do you 0:15:10.320 --> 0:15:11.720 think of when you think of rabies? 0:15:12.160 --> 0:15:13.040 I think of. 0:15:14.760 --> 0:15:20.040 A fear of light, okay, fear of water, okay, sort of. 0:15:20.480 --> 0:15:24.640 Like angry angry spells, but also calm periods of like 0:15:25.320 --> 0:15:30.360 not comatose, but just sort of not moving. Okay, oh, 0:15:30.480 --> 0:15:31.160 foamy mouth. 0:15:31.280 --> 0:15:32.360 Sorry, here we go. 0:15:32.720 --> 0:15:33.000 Yeah. 0:15:33.000 --> 0:15:37.080 So all of those are exactly what the raby symptoms are, 0:15:37.120 --> 0:15:40.160 and so I want to talk about how those actually 0:15:40.160 --> 0:15:44.600 happen because it's ridiculous. Yeah. So the first one is 0:15:44.640 --> 0:15:47.520 actually it's we can talk about how two symptoms happen 0:15:47.640 --> 0:15:52.160 with one effect, and that's both hydrophobia the fear of water, which, like, 0:15:52.800 --> 0:15:55.440 what kind of a symptom is that I'm afraid of water. 0:15:55.560 --> 0:15:57.160 That's weird. It's really weird. 0:15:57.240 --> 0:16:01.160 So hydrophobia and foaming at the math, which is caused 0:16:01.160 --> 0:16:04.280 by excessive salivation, those are caused by the same thing. 0:16:05.960 --> 0:16:06.800 This is crazy. 0:16:06.920 --> 0:16:09.200 Okay, Okay, let me tell you about it. 0:16:09.240 --> 0:16:10.200 I'm really excited. 0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:12.280 Okay. 0:16:12.320 --> 0:16:14.720 So the rabies virus has traveled on your nerves all 0:16:14.760 --> 0:16:17.120 the way to your central nervous system, right, It's made 0:16:17.120 --> 0:16:19.440 its way to your brain. Once it's in your brain, 0:16:19.880 --> 0:16:25.040 it keeps going and it'll travel to your salivary glands. Okay, 0:16:25.400 --> 0:16:28.880 but it's not only in your salivary glands. It's infected 0:16:29.040 --> 0:16:32.160 all of the nerves that innervate the muscles of your 0:16:32.200 --> 0:16:36.920 mouth and your throat, So if you try to swallow, 0:16:37.480 --> 0:16:42.920 it causes extreme and extremely painful spasming, muscle spasming, your throat, 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:47.680 your mouth, its spasms and it's extremely painful. And this 0:16:47.800 --> 0:16:52.240 is because your salivary glands are where this virus replicates again. 0:16:52.440 --> 0:16:55.200 So it's replicating like crazy in your salivary glands, which 0:16:55.240 --> 0:16:58.840 is what produces excess saliva. That's why you get foaming 0:16:58.920 --> 0:17:02.720 at the mouth. Viral replication in your salvary glands. It 0:17:02.800 --> 0:17:05.479 infects all of the nerves in your mouth and throat 0:17:05.880 --> 0:17:09.200 because if you were to swallow that saliva, you could 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:11.600 not transmit the virus. 0:17:11.920 --> 0:17:17.200 So it's like, don't dilute me, bro exactly. That's terrifying. 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:21.680 Isn't that crazy? So the reason that people have fear 0:17:21.760 --> 0:17:23.880 of water is because if you were to be able 0:17:23.920 --> 0:17:27.520 to drink water, you'd wash away all the viral particles 0:17:27.560 --> 0:17:28.119 in your mouth. 0:17:28.320 --> 0:17:30.320 How did this evolve? 0:17:30.640 --> 0:17:34.920 That? I do not know, But isn't that crazy? 0:17:35.920 --> 0:17:39.640 It's this is like fiction. It does it. 0:17:39.640 --> 0:17:43.480 Sounds it's like a Michael Crichton Novelhen King. 0:17:43.400 --> 0:17:43.959 Stephen King. 0:17:44.040 --> 0:17:49.160 It is well yam kujo, by the way, But yeah, 0:17:49.200 --> 0:17:53.359 so that's that's why you get that crazy excessive salivation 0:17:53.560 --> 0:17:56.360 and this foaming at the mouth, and then you it's 0:17:56.440 --> 0:18:00.280 transmitted by biting because that's where all of the viral 0:18:00.280 --> 0:18:01.920 particles are, is in the saliva. 0:18:02.200 --> 0:18:04.920 Oh my gosh, and great, that's crazy. 0:18:05.000 --> 0:18:08.520 It's crazy, and it gets crazier. How Because the other 0:18:08.600 --> 0:18:12.320 thing that you mentioned was aggression, right, or at least 0:18:12.320 --> 0:18:15.439 like behavior modification. I really wanted to know how the 0:18:15.520 --> 0:18:18.240 rabies virus could cause this, like how does it end 0:18:18.320 --> 0:18:21.520 up causing this intense amount of aggression? And I actually 0:18:21.560 --> 0:18:24.760 didn't get quite as great of an answer as I 0:18:24.800 --> 0:18:28.119 was hoping for. Like I wanted one nice mechanism like 0:18:28.240 --> 0:18:31.840 it infiltrates your frontal lobe and releases inhibitions, but I 0:18:31.840 --> 0:18:35.320 didn't see anything like that. What it seems happens is 0:18:35.359 --> 0:18:38.720 that your neurons kind of just get very very full 0:18:38.800 --> 0:18:43.680 of virus. And this virus is very good at two things. 0:18:44.480 --> 0:18:49.119 The first is that, uh, okay, so we'll do a 0:18:49.119 --> 0:18:52.200 little background on how your immune system works. Okay, if 0:18:52.240 --> 0:18:55.080 you get infected with a virus in one of your cells, 0:18:55.560 --> 0:18:59.000 you have immune cells T cells that come around and 0:18:59.040 --> 0:19:01.679 they can you're your cell can send out a signal 0:19:01.760 --> 0:19:05.520 that's like, hey, hey, I'm infected, come kill me. And 0:19:05.520 --> 0:19:07.480 then that T cell comes over and it kills the 0:19:07.520 --> 0:19:10.840 infected cell, and it does that by what's called apoptosis, 0:19:10.840 --> 0:19:16.200 which just means cell killing essentially. So in theory, neurons, 0:19:16.280 --> 0:19:20.359 especially that are infected, signal to the T cells to say, 0:19:20.400 --> 0:19:24.040 come and kill me. And killing neurons is actually really 0:19:24.160 --> 0:19:29.560 bad because your neurons don't regenerate, right, That's not what 0:19:29.720 --> 0:19:35.520 happens in rabies. Rabies actually inhibits your immune system from 0:19:35.600 --> 0:19:39.360 killing any of the neurons. So you don't see widespread 0:19:39.400 --> 0:19:41.640 neuronal death in rabies. 0:19:41.320 --> 0:19:46.960 Okay, like you would expect to see if cell death 0:19:47.200 --> 0:19:48.720 were happening the way it should. 0:19:49.119 --> 0:19:54.119 Yeah, yeah, yeah exactly. And on top of that, so 0:19:54.200 --> 0:19:59.080 not only does rabies basically take away the signaling molecules 0:19:59.119 --> 0:20:02.639 that your neurons would normally use to tell your immune 0:20:02.680 --> 0:20:05.760 system to come and help out, So it basically like 0:20:05.840 --> 0:20:09.159 pulls those in and puts them away so that your 0:20:09.200 --> 0:20:11.480 immune system can't come in and help out. But then 0:20:11.520 --> 0:20:13.919 if your immune system does happen to come in because 0:20:14.000 --> 0:20:15.679 it heard about it from a friend or whatever, and 0:20:15.720 --> 0:20:19.520 it comes over, it kills off your T cells, so 0:20:19.600 --> 0:20:23.679 it induces apoptosis in your T cells. So now your 0:20:23.680 --> 0:20:27.199 immune system is just like poom pum killed killed, and 0:20:27.240 --> 0:20:31.520 your neurons are like, I'm gonna live forever full of rabies. 0:20:31.600 --> 0:20:35.800 Oh my god, how did this happen? Again? Is what 0:20:35.880 --> 0:20:36.359 is going on? 0:20:36.560 --> 0:20:38.760 I don't know, crazy sand And then on top of 0:20:38.800 --> 0:20:41.880 all that, so it's like literally just imagine it filling 0:20:42.000 --> 0:20:45.760 up your neurons, like blocking them in some places, blocking 0:20:45.800 --> 0:20:48.879 signals from being transmitted because there's just so many viral 0:20:48.920 --> 0:20:51.840 particles there, and also other things that come to be 0:20:51.960 --> 0:20:54.640 like what's going on and everything just blocks your neurons. 0:20:55.320 --> 0:20:55.960 On top of. 0:20:55.920 --> 0:21:00.320 That, there's at least some evidence that the virus can 0:21:00.640 --> 0:21:07.160 modulate the release of certain molecules like serotonin. If you've 0:21:07.160 --> 0:21:12.560 heard of serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that basically like 0:21:12.720 --> 0:21:16.120 your brain uses. It's one of the like happy transmitters. 0:21:16.720 --> 0:21:20.560 So if a lot of depression medications increase the amount 0:21:20.600 --> 0:21:23.440 of serotonin in your brain, that's how they work. So 0:21:23.600 --> 0:21:27.879 this can inhibit the release of serotonin, right, and it 0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:32.440 can inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters as well, So 0:21:32.480 --> 0:21:36.480 it basically just completely screws up all of your brain's 0:21:36.520 --> 0:21:40.200 normal signaling, and that's what can result in this aggression 0:21:40.280 --> 0:21:45.679 and also just weird behaviors. It's wacky. It just completely 0:21:45.760 --> 0:21:50.679 like it comes in and it like just destroys the 0:21:50.720 --> 0:21:53.480 way that your brain normally communicates with itself and with 0:21:53.560 --> 0:21:54.359 the rest of your body. 0:21:54.440 --> 0:21:55.680 It fully takes over, It. 0:21:55.640 --> 0:22:01.360 Fully takes over, and that's it. And so then you 0:22:01.440 --> 0:22:04.800 have viral encephalitis because your brain is just so full 0:22:04.960 --> 0:22:08.760 of this of this viral particle. It's like swollen. You've 0:22:08.800 --> 0:22:11.200 got immune cells trying to come in and just dying. 0:22:11.320 --> 0:22:15.240 So then you've got these dead cells everywhere and then 0:22:15.520 --> 0:22:17.120 and then and then you die. 0:22:18.000 --> 0:22:20.840 Yeah, and death just why how do you die? 0:22:21.000 --> 0:22:23.240 So actually, most of the time it's either cardiac or 0:22:23.240 --> 0:22:27.199 respiratory arrest, so your brain just either your brain just 0:22:27.240 --> 0:22:29.920 tells your heart to stop beating or your lungs to 0:22:29.920 --> 0:22:32.000 stop breathing or or something. 0:22:32.080 --> 0:22:35.560 It's yeah, that's terrifying. 0:22:35.640 --> 0:22:37.320 It's not it's not great. 0:22:38.480 --> 0:22:42.160 And talk to me about mortality rate. 0:22:43.119 --> 0:22:48.000 I mean, it's it's not one hundred percent. It's if 0:22:48.000 --> 0:22:53.040 it's untreated, it's one hundred percent. Essentially, even if treated, 0:22:54.000 --> 0:22:56.440 if you get to the point where you have any 0:22:56.480 --> 0:23:00.680 sort of clinical symptoms. It's also all almost one hundred 0:23:00.720 --> 0:23:05.480 percent fatal. We essentially have no treatment. We do have 0:23:05.680 --> 0:23:11.040 what's called post exposure prophylaxis, but that is not treatment. 0:23:11.160 --> 0:23:18.000 We don't have any anti virals that work on Rabies virus. Yeah, 0:23:17.480 --> 0:23:18.760 it's bad. 0:23:19.240 --> 0:23:21.720 So what is post exposure prophylaxis. 0:23:21.840 --> 0:23:26.760 Yeah, so if you get exposed to Rabi's, you will 0:23:26.760 --> 0:23:33.119 get post exposure prophylaxis, which consists of a vaccine, which 0:23:33.160 --> 0:23:36.439 is in this case is just killed viral particles. And 0:23:36.480 --> 0:23:40.280 so by putting these viral particles that are dead, they 0:23:40.280 --> 0:23:44.080 don't replicate, they don't cause disease into either your muscle. 0:23:44.080 --> 0:23:47.240 It's either injected intramuscular, so into your muscle just like 0:23:47.280 --> 0:23:51.120 your tetanus shots are, or intra dermal, so right under 0:23:51.160 --> 0:23:54.119 your skin like maybe your TB test is. You can 0:23:54.160 --> 0:23:58.080