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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome to This Day in History Class, where

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Speaker 1: we bring you a new tidbit from history every day.

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Speaker 1: Today is June fourteen. The day was June fourth two.

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Speaker 1: In a military rebellion that began on this day, the

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Speaker 1: Tilean air force under the command of Colonel Marmaduke Grove

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Speaker 1: forced to President Juan Esteban Monteo Rodriguez from power. The

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Speaker 1: Socialist Republic of tile was formed, though it was very

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Speaker 1: short lived. The Great Depression hit Toil hard. The value

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Speaker 1: of copper and nitrate exports from the country declined substantially.

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Speaker 1: Thousands of workers lost their jobs in nitrate fields. Imports

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Speaker 1: also declined significantly, and crops from the nineteen thirty one

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Speaker 1: and nineteen thirty two harvests had failed. The government tried

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Speaker 1: to spread unemployed people out from the north by building

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Speaker 1: albergues or temporary housing in urban areas, but Chile did

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Speaker 1: not have the resources to provide so much assistance. Afraid

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Speaker 1: that having so many unemployed people concentrated in urban areas

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Speaker 1: would cause conflict, government officials began kicking unemployed people out

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Speaker 1: of cities. Workers and university students protested the forced evictions

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Speaker 1: by striking. In July of nineteen thirty one, they demanded

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Speaker 1: President Carlos Ibanyez out and called for a return to

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Speaker 1: constitutional democracy. Police officers killed more than ten people during

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Speaker 1: the demonstrations on July. After the government remained indecisive on

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Speaker 1: the issue and student unrest in Santiago continued, Ivannyez resigned

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Speaker 1: and took off to the U S Embassy. Ibanna Is replacement.

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Speaker 1: The president of the sent It also resigned, and Juan

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Speaker 1: Estevan Mondeto of the Conservative Party became provisional president. In

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Speaker 1: October of nineteen thirty one, Montetto was elected president with

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Speaker 1: six of the vote. In the midst of all the

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Speaker 1: economic and political instability, Montero attempted to revive the country's

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Speaker 1: devastated economy, but the crisis was so severe that the

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Speaker 1: government's attempts did not work. Currency depreciated and inflation went up.

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Speaker 1: In April of nineteen thirty two, the president declared martial law,

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Speaker 1: but Monteto's opposition would soon seize power. On June four,

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Speaker 1: ninety two, planes from El Bosk air Base, commanded by

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Speaker 1: Grove flew over law Moneta the president's palace. This caused

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Speaker 1: Monteto's government to resign, and the revolt established a junta

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Speaker 1: government that consisted of General Arturo puga Osorio, journalist and

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Speaker 1: former ambassador to the United States Carlos Avula, and socialist

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Speaker 1: politician Aohinio Mateo. Air Commodore Marmaduke Grove was the war minister.

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Speaker 1: The republica Socialista or socialist Republic was created. This junta

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Speaker 1: dissolved Ibanya's Congress, declared a moratorium on the collection of

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Speaker 1: debts and returned goods held in pawn at the government

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Speaker 1: owned Banco de Creido Populard. Free meals were to be

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Speaker 1: served daily to unemployed people, but funding soon ran out

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Speaker 1: for the programs, pushing the government to order the police

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Speaker 1: to rate jewelry shops and declare credits and deposits in

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Speaker 1: foreign currency property of the state. Opinion on the Socialist

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Speaker 1: Republic was split. Just over a week later, the first

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Speaker 1: junta was dissolved and another was established, with puga Osorio

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Speaker 1: taking the executive power, and on June six, Carlos Davila

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Speaker 1: seized power and formed a new junta with Alberto Calbertro

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Speaker 1: and Pedro Nolasco Gardenas Aventagno where Puga Osorio was the

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Speaker 1: war minister. Davila exalt and Grove to Eastern Island and

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Speaker 1: accused them of being communists. He also declared a state

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Speaker 1: of emergency and press censorship. On the eighth of July,

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Speaker 1: Davila declared himself provisional president of the Socialist Republic, but

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Speaker 1: he did not have enough support from the military or

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Speaker 1: from civilians to remain in that position. On September, Davila

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Speaker 1: was overthrown in a military rebellion live by Commodore and

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Speaker 1: Marino in General Bartolome Blanche. Blanche ceded power to the

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Speaker 1: President of the Supreme Court, Abraham Oyendel Rutilla, who held

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Speaker 1: general elections in October. Arturo Alessandri Palma, who had already

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Speaker 1: been president of Chile from nineteen twenty to nineteen four,

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Speaker 1: was elected for his second term. In his first term,

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Speaker 1: Alessandri had called for the able lisition of the parliamentary system,

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Speaker 1: the direct election of the president, and the separation of

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Speaker 1: church and state. After his second election, democracy returned to Chile,

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Speaker 1: but this time Alessandri was a strict constitutionalist. He remained

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Speaker 1: president until night, but workers in the middle class were

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Speaker 1: still dissatisfied in that year's presidential election, radical candidate Pedro

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Speaker 1: Ager Serrada one. I'm Eve Steff Coote and hopefully you

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Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: Keep up with us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at

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Speaker 1: t d i h C podcast And if you want

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Speaker 1: to listen to more history, you can check out the

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Speaker 1: podcast Unpopular. It's the show that I host that's about

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Speaker 1: people in history who challenge the status quo and sometimes

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Speaker 1: they were persecuted for it. Thanks again for listening and

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