WEBVTT - Classic episode - When will the sun explode? 0:00:00.080 --> 0:00:02.960 If you love iPhone, you'll love Apple Card. It's the 0:00:03.040 --> 0:00:06.920 credit card designed for iPhone. It gives you unlimited daily 0:00:07.040 --> 0:00:10.000 cash back that can earn four point four zero percent 0:00:10.160 --> 0:00:12.960 annual percentage yield. When you open a high Yield savings 0:00:13.000 --> 0:00:16.280 account through Apple Card, apply for Applecard in the wallet 0:00:16.280 --> 0:00:19.520 app subject to credit approval. Savings is available to Apple 0:00:19.560 --> 0:00:22.800 Card owners subject to eligibility. Apple Card and Savings by 0:00:22.840 --> 0:00:26.120 Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Salt Lake City Branch, Member FDIC 0:00:26.520 --> 0:00:29.280 terms and more at applecard dot Com. When you pop 0:00:29.320 --> 0:00:31.240 a piece of cheese into your mouth, you're probably not 0:00:31.360 --> 0:00:34.280 thinking about the environmental impact. 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It's like a contain and continual explosion. 0:02:17.760 --> 0:02:19.480 Yeah, you want to see a nuclear bomb go off, 0:02:19.880 --> 0:02:22.280 Go outside and look at the sun. I mean not directly. 0:02:22.320 --> 0:02:26.639 Don't hurt yourself. You just made this advice. 0:02:27.240 --> 0:02:28.880 I have to retract that previous advice. 0:02:29.000 --> 0:02:41.400 Yeah, we'll ask them to edit it up. Hello, I'm 0:02:41.440 --> 0:02:45.280 Jorge and I'm Daniel, and this is our show. Daniel 0:02:45.320 --> 0:02:46.920 and Jorge explain the universe. 0:02:47.360 --> 0:02:53.000 Explain the entire universe, especially all the stars inside of it. Now, 0:02:53.040 --> 0:02:55.640 I noticed, Jorge, every time you introduce your our show, 0:02:56.280 --> 0:02:59.600 you're about to say Horne and Dangel explain the universe, 0:02:59.720 --> 0:03:01.440 and then you have to correct yourself and you're like, no. 0:03:01.400 --> 0:03:03.440 Actually, yeah, we're still bitter about that. 0:03:03.600 --> 0:03:07.480 You know, my real job, you know, is as a 0:03:07.480 --> 0:03:10.760 particle to exists. And I have five thousand collaborators. And 0:03:10.800 --> 0:03:12.880 when we write a paper, we put everybody's name on 0:03:12.919 --> 0:03:17.000 the paper. And the policy has put everybody's name alphabetical 0:03:17.160 --> 0:03:20.840 by last name, regardless of who contributed more or less 0:03:20.880 --> 0:03:23.639 or whatever. Somebody decided they didn't want to have the argument, 0:03:23.720 --> 0:03:26.600 let's just make it alphabetical. Uh huh. And what that 0:03:26.680 --> 0:03:28.919 means that there's some grad student whos first author on 0:03:29.160 --> 0:03:30.280 like every paper. 0:03:30.480 --> 0:03:33.359 Wow, it's like him or her at all. 0:03:33.440 --> 0:03:35.320 And it's sort of make some famous and also sort 0:03:35.360 --> 0:03:37.200 of infamous because people grumble about it. 0:03:38.640 --> 0:03:40.320 No pressure, no pressure. 0:03:40.600 --> 0:03:44.280 That's right in the Glaring Spotlight. But you know, today's 0:03:44.320 --> 0:03:48.200 episode actually relates to that, to Glaring Spotlights, because today 0:03:48.240 --> 0:03:51.120 we're talking about something very close to home. We're talking 0:03:51.160 --> 0:03:58.000 about how long the sun is going to live? 0:03:58.520 --> 0:04:01.080 How long do we have before it burns out or 0:04:01.440 --> 0:04:03.560 explodes or snuffs out? 0:04:03.600 --> 0:04:06.400 How many more projects can Daniel and Jorge or Jorge 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:10.080 and Daniel do arguing about order until life on earth 0:04:10.120 --> 0:04:12.280 is extinguished because the star is gone. 0:04:12.400 --> 0:04:14.600 Yeah, do you have time to clean out your garage 0:04:15.080 --> 0:04:17.680 or do that thing you've always wanted to do? Right? 0:04:17.760 --> 0:04:21.080 That sequel to We Have No Idea, our book now 0:04:21.120 --> 0:04:23.120 available from Penguin Random Pass. 0:04:23.279 --> 0:04:27.120 That's right. So if you're currently procrastinating doing something you 0:04:27.160 --> 0:04:29.240 should do, then you're actually going to learn something today 0:04:29.279 --> 0:04:31.760 about how much time you have left to procrastinate? 0:04:32.000 --> 0:04:36.000 Right yep? So yeah, let's jump in for We as 0:04:36.120 --> 0:04:39.800 usual asked people on the street how long they thought 0:04:40.200 --> 0:04:42.720 that the sun would keep burning, and so the question 0:04:42.839 --> 0:04:45.760 is how long do you think the sun will keep burning? 0:04:46.320 --> 0:04:48.360 Play along at home, think of your answer, and then 0:04:48.400 --> 0:04:51.920 listen to these random on the street interviews. How long 0:04:51.960 --> 0:04:53.839 do you think our sun is going to continue to 0:04:53.880 --> 0:04:54.240 burn for? 0:04:54.800 --> 0:04:55.359 How long? 0:04:56.440 --> 0:05:01.280 I think a few billion years? I don't know millions, No, 0:05:01.320 --> 0:05:02.880 not millions, sorry. 0:05:02.839 --> 0:05:04.960 Probably a long time. I hope a long time. 0:05:05.560 --> 0:05:08.120 So, like, doesn't this affect your plans? Come on, you 0:05:08.160 --> 0:05:08.720 should know this. 0:05:10.400 --> 0:05:12.440 All right? Well, I guess the first thing is that 0:05:12.520 --> 0:05:13.880 nobody seemed really concerned. 0:05:14.880 --> 0:05:18.719 That's right, nobody's rushing home to finish up something before 0:05:18.760 --> 0:05:20.320 the sun snuffs out or explodes. 0:05:20.440 --> 0:05:23.320 Nobody's like, what the sun's gonna stop burning? At some point? 0:05:23.600 --> 0:05:26.120 Everyone seemed to know about the idea that the sun 0:05:26.640 --> 0:05:27.640 won't shine forever. 0:05:28.040 --> 0:05:29.880 Oh that's a good point. I never even considered that 0:05:29.880 --> 0:05:33.240 that I would be the one informing people by asking 0:05:33.279 --> 0:05:36.000 the question that the sun was not gonna last forever? 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:41.360 Oh my god, what what are you saying? No, everybody 0:05:41.360 --> 0:05:44.160 seems to know that already. But maybe nobody seemed concerned 0:05:44.160 --> 0:05:46.960 because everybody's answers were very far off in the future. 0:05:47.000 --> 0:05:49.520 Nobody said, I don't know, ten years or one hundred years. 0:05:49.839 --> 0:05:53.200 Everybody's like random, big number. Everybody feels like it's just 0:05:53.320 --> 0:05:55.279 so far off in the future it doesn't matter. 0:05:57.520 --> 0:06:00.960 Well, let's maybe take a step back, like how does inform? Right? 0:06:01.000 --> 0:06:03.839 Like I imagine out in space there's stuff like dust 0:06:04.040 --> 0:06:07.719 and little bits of rock, and at some point the 0:06:07.760 --> 0:06:10.600 gravity pulls them together, like there's some nearby each other, 0:06:10.720 --> 0:06:13.520 until they clump together, and first it's a giant rock, 0:06:13.560 --> 0:06:15.279 and then it's an even bigger rock, and then it 0:06:15.400 --> 0:06:17.880 just gets more massive, and at some point what. 0:06:17.880 --> 0:06:21.279 Happens, Yeah, but it's not. Mostly rock stars are mostly 0:06:21.279 --> 0:06:24.240 made out of gas, mostly out of hydrogen. So in 0:06:24.240 --> 0:06:26.719 the Big Bang, most of the stuff that was formed 0:06:26.720 --> 0:06:29.080 after the Big Bang was hydrogen, a little bit helium 0:06:29.120 --> 0:06:31.800 and a few heavier elements, but mostly you just have 0:06:32.000 --> 0:06:35.559 huge clouds of gas formed in the early universe, Okay, 0:06:35.560 --> 0:06:38.920 And then gravity takes over and gravity slowly pulls those 0:06:38.960 --> 0:06:42.400 things together, as you said, and accumulates these gas clouds. 0:06:42.920 --> 0:06:45.279 And then those gas clouds get pulled together by gravity 0:06:45.560 --> 0:06:48.320 and they get squeezed together more and more until it 0:06:48.320 --> 0:06:52.159 gets denser and denser, and eventually it gets squeezed together 0:06:52.200 --> 0:06:54.880 by gravity enough that it starts to burn. And by burn, 0:06:55.000 --> 0:06:57.400 I mean fuse, I mean you have like nuclear bombs 0:06:57.440 --> 0:06:59.919 going off because of the pressure inside these big clump 0:07:00.040 --> 0:07:00.680 of hydrogen. 0:07:00.960 --> 0:07:02.599 Right, what do you mean they get denser and denser, 0:07:02.720 --> 0:07:05.960 like just more and more hydrogen atoms just kind of 0:07:05.960 --> 0:07:08.640 bunch up because they're all attracted to each other by gravity. 0:07:08.839 --> 0:07:10.960 Yeah, it's kind of about like a runaway process. I mean, 0:07:11.000 --> 0:07:14.600 if you had a perfectly smooth universe filled with hydrogen atoms, 0:07:14.960 --> 0:07:16.880 then no one would want to go anywhere because you'd 0:07:16.920 --> 0:07:19.080 be tugged in every direction at the same strength. 0:07:19.200 --> 0:07:21.800 Right, everybody would be attracted to everybody else equally. 0:07:21.840 --> 0:07:24.560 Yeah, that sounds like a good party, right, universe party, 0:07:24.680 --> 0:07:26.200 we're all attracted to each other. 0:07:26.640 --> 0:07:30.120 Yeah, created is just a big swinger party. 0:07:31.040 --> 0:07:33.480 That's right. Hey, you know the analogy works because we're 0:07:33.520 --> 0:07:34.440 going to talk about fusion and. 0:07:34.440 --> 0:07:37.200 Fision, so I thinks are going to get hot. 0:07:37.640 --> 0:07:40.520 You don't want your relationship to go supernova. Later on 0:07:40.680 --> 0:07:44.239 in relationship advice from an astrophysicist. 0:07:43.800 --> 0:07:46.600 Yeah, yeah, they were just knocking out that to that advice, 0:07:46.840 --> 0:07:49.120 children go out and look at the sun. People have 0:07:49.200 --> 0:07:54.360 explosive relationships. This is our last episode, by the way, guys. 0:07:55.280 --> 0:07:58.320 Right, so, but there were little areas in the universe 0:07:58.360 --> 0:08:00.200 early on that were a little denser than others, and 0:08:00.240 --> 0:08:03.720 that's just because of quantum fluctuations. And then those areas 0:08:03.760 --> 0:08:06.920 were heavier because there's a little bit more stuff. Heavier, 0:08:06.960 --> 0:08:09.560 you have more gravitational pull than anywhere else, So then 0:08:09.560 --> 0:08:12.520 you start to attract more stuff, and the heavier you get, 0:08:12.520 --> 0:08:15.760 the denser region becomes, the more gravity it has, the 0:08:15.840 --> 0:08:18.440 stronger its ability to pull more stuff in, and then 0:08:18.440 --> 0:08:20.760 it gets heavier and heavier, and it's a runaway process 0:08:21.000 --> 0:08:23.400 where pretty soon it's aculating stuff faster and faster. 0:08:23.600 --> 0:08:25.560 So you can imagine like at some point a giant 0:08:25.680 --> 0:08:29.680 ball of really compressed gas, right, Like maybe at the 0:08:29.760 --> 0:08:32.400 edges it's not as compressed, but in the middle, it's 0:08:32.480 --> 0:08:35.160 just everything's trying to push it together, right, But it 0:08:35.200 --> 0:08:39.520 doesn't immediately fuse because hydrogen atoms are also repelling each 0:08:39.559 --> 0:08:41.720 other at the same time, right, Like they're attracted by gravity, 0:08:41.760 --> 0:08:43.880 but they're repelling each other by other forces. 0:08:44.080 --> 0:08:45.800 That's right. Fusion is not easy to pull off. I 0:08:45.800 --> 0:08:47.560 mean we're trying to do it in experiments all the 0:08:47.559 --> 0:08:48.400 time here on Earth. 0:08:48.880 --> 0:08:50.839 Like it's like trying to squeeze two mantic together that 0:08:50.880 --> 0:08:53.120 are on the same polarity, right. 0:08:53.280 --> 0:08:55.240 Yeah, or trying to make two kids share one ice 0:08:55.320 --> 0:08:57.880 cream or something that's not it's easy to do. 0:08:58.080 --> 0:09:01.840 Not a good idea spelling. They're being attracted by gravity, 0:09:01.920 --> 0:09:04.920 repelling by electronic forces, but at some point, if you 0:09:04.960 --> 0:09:07.679 get them close enough, then another force kicks in, right, 0:09:07.720 --> 0:09:10.199 and that's what kind of fuses them together. Is that true? 0:09:10.400 --> 0:09:13.160 Yeah, And that's when you access the strong nuclear force, 0:09:13.679 --> 0:09:16.400 and that fuses them together, and the strong nuclear force 0:09:16.720 --> 0:09:20.040 very strong then therefore its name. And when you do that, 0:09:20.080 --> 0:09:21.720 you release a huge amount of energy. 0:09:21.800 --> 0:09:24.200 And so that's what all of the energy is coming from, 0:09:24.280 --> 0:09:26.920 is just these hydrogen atoms fusing together. 0:09:27.160 --> 0:09:29.600 That's right. Almost all the light from all the stars 0:09:29.640 --> 0:09:33.600 in the universe is from hydrogen fusing together and creating 0:09:33.640 --> 0:09:35.640 all that energy and shooting it out into space. 0:09:35.800 --> 0:09:38.319 But is it like a kind of like a chain reaction, 0:09:38.520 --> 0:09:41.280 like you know, like a nuclear bomb, like one explosion 0:09:41.400 --> 0:09:44.080 causes the next explosion. Is that what's happening inside a 0:09:44.080 --> 0:09:47.079 star or is it just just the pressure just kind 0:09:47.080 --> 0:09:49.640 of makes it, like popcorn, just makes all these kernels 0:09:49.679 --> 0:09:50.319 pop up up? 0:09:51.200 --> 0:09:53.600 So on Earth, it's a chain reaction you're thinking of 0:09:53.679 --> 0:09:56.920 like fission. Fission is the opposite process, and you break 0:09:56.920 --> 0:09:59.640 a nucleus up and it sprays out and stuff. I'm here, 0:09:59.679 --> 0:10:01.640 you just I have a huge blob of hydrogen in 0:10:01.679 --> 0:10:04.480 the core and it's being squeezed by the outside and 0:10:04.520 --> 0:10:07.319 everything around it, and it gets really hot. And you 0:10:07.360 --> 0:10:09.920 know that's true of every object, like even the Earth. 0:10:10.440 --> 0:10:12.240 What's at the center of the Earth. It's not cold 0:10:12.240 --> 0:10:14.360 at the center of the Earth. It's hot, and it's 0:10:14.400 --> 0:10:16.440 hot for lots of reasons, but one major reason is 0:10:16.440 --> 0:10:18.800 that it's being squeezed by gravity. All that rock on 0:10:18.840 --> 0:10:21.280 the center of the Earth is being squeezed by all 0:10:21.320 --> 0:10:23.960 the rock on the outside, and it gets turned into lava. 0:10:24.080 --> 0:10:24.320 Right. 0:10:24.440 --> 0:10:27.200 Why is lava hot Because it's been squeezed by gravity. 0:10:27.559 --> 0:10:29.560 Gravity is pretty powerful if you give it enough time 0:10:29.600 --> 0:10:30.079 and stuff. 0:10:30.800 --> 0:10:33.840 So our cloud of hydrogen, it just kind of suddenly ignites, 0:10:33.960 --> 0:10:37.440 or does it kind of like burns begins to burn slowly, 0:10:38.080 --> 0:10:40.560 like does the stargo likesh or is it? Is it 0:10:40.640 --> 0:10:41.800 kind of a long process? 0:10:42.040 --> 0:10:42.120 No? 0:10:42.200 --> 0:10:44.560 I think it ignites pretty quickly once it gets going, 0:10:45.200 --> 0:10:48.960 And what happens depends on how big it is. So 0:10:49.160 --> 0:10:51.600 if you have a huge blob of gas, right and 0:10:51.640 --> 0:10:57.120 it forms an enormous ball of hydrogen. Then it can 0:10:57.160 --> 0:11:00.120 burn really brightly and not for very long. If it's small, 0:11:00.440 --> 0:11:02.320 then it doesn't get to be big enough to burn 0:11:02.480 --> 0:11:05.000 like you know, like the Earth or Jupiter or something. 0:11:05.200 --> 0:11:07.920 Jupiter is like a star that never got started because 0:11:07.920 --> 0:11:10.520 it just wasn't big enough for the core to start burning. 0:11:10.760 --> 0:11:15.080 Oh, you need more stuff to basically weigh down and 0:11:15.120 --> 0:11:15.920 squeeze the middle. 0:11:16.360 --> 0:11:18.360 That's right. Yeah, the core of Jupiter is not being 0:11:18.400 --> 0:11:22.000 squeezed enough. I mean it's massive gravitational pressure. You would 0:11:22.040 --> 0:11:22.559 not like it. 0:11:22.559 --> 0:11:22.640 It. 0:11:22.720 --> 0:11:28.680 Do not recommend it as a destination for your V occasion. Right, Yeah, 0:11:28.720 --> 0:11:31.920 that's right. There are some common sense warnings on this show. 0:11:34.160 --> 0:11:37.360 But it's not hot enough to start nuclear fusion. 0:11:37.720 --> 0:11:41.280 Okay, so then things say squeeze and you got a 0:11:41.360 --> 0:11:43.960 sun it Suddenly you have this big ball of gas 0:11:43.960 --> 0:11:45.000 that's burning in the middle. 0:11:45.120 --> 0:11:47.559 That's right, and it's burning through nuclear fusion. It's turning 0:11:47.600 --> 0:11:48.680 hydrogen into helium. 0:11:48.760 --> 0:11:49.120 Okay. 0:11:49.160 --> 0:11:51.160 Cool, And I want to talk a little bit more 0:11:51.200 --> 0:11:58.079 about that, but first a quick break with big wireless providers. 0:11:58.120 --> 0:12:00.959 What you see is never what you get. Somewhere between 0:12:01.000 --> 0:12:03.280 the store and your first month's bill, the price, your thoughts, 0:12:03.280 --> 0:12:06.920 you were paying magically skyrockets. With mint Mobile, You'll never 0:12:07.000 --> 0:12:09.839 have to worry about gotcha's ever again. When Mint Mobile 0:12:09.840 --> 0:12:12.080 says fifteen dollars a month for a three month plan, 0:12:12.400 --> 0:12:14.720 they really mean it. I've used mint Mobile and the 0:12:14.720 --> 0:12:17.480 call quality is always so crisp and so clear. I 0:12:17.520 --> 0:12:19.640 can recommend it to you. 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So the next time you grab a 0:15:55.720 --> 0:15:57.760 slice of pizza or lick an ice cream cone, know 0:15:57.800 --> 0:16:00.520 that dairy farmers and processors around the country are using 0:16:00.520 --> 0:16:04.040 the latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient intense 0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:06.880 dairy products we love with less of an impact visit 0:16:06.960 --> 0:16:09.720 us dairy dot com slash sustainability to learn more. 0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:18.200 That's how stars are born, not just in Hollywood. And 0:16:18.960 --> 0:16:21.440 then it just keeps burning for a long time, right 0:16:21.520 --> 0:16:24.000 until all the hygrogen turns into helium. 0:16:24.120 --> 0:16:26.680 Yeah, that's exactly right. You have fuel and you burn 0:16:26.760 --> 0:16:29.840 that fuel, and when you've done burning that fuel, you're done. 0:16:30.080 --> 0:16:33.360 But the interesting thing is that the output of fusion 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:36.440 is helium, right, And so what happens is that you 0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:39.720 accumulate helium at the core of these stars, and then 0:16:39.840 --> 0:16:42.440 if it keeps going, if it gets big enough, then 0:16:42.480 --> 0:16:44.000 it can start to fuse helium. 0:16:44.240 --> 0:16:47.960 Oh, and then that it's like it goes into secondary 0:16:48.280 --> 0:16:49.280 fuel burning mode. 0:16:49.600 --> 0:16:52.000 Yeah, exactly, it's burning helium because you can fuse helium 0:16:52.400 --> 0:16:54.840 into the element with number four, which I embarrassed and 0:16:55.080 --> 0:16:56.480 can't even remember. Is that the end? 0:16:57.240 --> 0:16:59.880 Okay, So we're talking about what happens to a star 0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:02.760 and as at some point it makes it turns all 0:17:02.760 --> 0:17:06.240 the hydrogen into helium and eventually into iron, and that's 0:17:06.320 --> 0:17:09.200 kind of when that's kind of when a supernova happens. Right. 0:17:09.760 --> 0:17:11.720 Yeah, Well, it doesn't necessarily happen to have to be 0:17:11.720 --> 0:17:15.080 a supernova depends on the mass of the star. So 0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:17.399 let's talk just to be specific about a star like 0:17:17.480 --> 0:17:21.320 ours in the sun, and any object that's like about 0:17:21.400 --> 0:17:23.200 up to eight times the mass of the Sun is 0:17:23.240 --> 0:17:25.479 going to have an experience like our sun. And so 0:17:25.520 --> 0:17:27.680 what happens is it starts to burn hydrogen, like we said, 0:17:28.200 --> 0:17:30.679 and then the hydrogen gets the core gets burned up 0:17:30.680 --> 0:17:32.320 and you get helium, and then you start to burn 0:17:32.320 --> 0:17:34.960 the hydrogen on the shell, and then the star starts 0:17:35.000 --> 0:17:38.720 to grow. It gets bigger, like physically larger in space. 0:17:39.600 --> 0:17:41.640 And the reason is that you're now burning the hydrogen 0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:43.959 on the outside and that the burning there is pushing 0:17:43.960 --> 0:17:46.679 stuff out. It's like the radiation pressure is making it grow. 0:17:48.080 --> 0:17:52.080 So the sun will keep burning and then it'll expand 0:17:52.160 --> 0:17:55.359 and it'll cool, so it'll start to get larger and 0:17:55.440 --> 0:17:58.560 it'll turn into a red giant. So giant meaning gets 0:17:58.560 --> 0:18:00.920 bigger and red because it changed just color. 0:18:00.920 --> 0:18:03.600 Because the color is related to the temperature, right, Like 0:18:03.640 --> 0:18:06.760 the cooler it is the red, Like it's kind of counterintuitive, 0:18:07.359 --> 0:18:09.639 the coler it is the star is the redder it is. 0:18:09.680 --> 0:18:12.000 But then the hotter it is, the bluer it looks. 0:18:11.840 --> 0:18:15.000 Right, Yeah, And that's related to the wavelength of those lights. 0:18:15.080 --> 0:18:15.840 That light. Yeah. 0:18:15.920 --> 0:18:18.960 Yeah, Like if you could you press fast forward on 0:18:19.080 --> 0:18:21.240 life on Earth, you would see the Sun as this 0:18:21.400 --> 0:18:24.560 yellow dot. But eventually you'll see it grow and grow redder, 0:18:24.880 --> 0:18:27.639 and then grow and grow. Eventually we'll take over our 0:18:27.800 --> 0:18:31.200 entire sky and at some point it'll just snuff us out. 0:18:31.359 --> 0:18:34.040 That's right. Eventually we will be in the sun. Wa 0:18:35.080 --> 0:18:39.280 Earth will just get like eaten up by the Sun. Yeah, exactly. 0:18:39.560 --> 0:18:41.800 But that's again billions of years in the future. It's 0:18:41.800 --> 0:18:42.960 like three billion years. 0:18:42.760 --> 0:18:44.320 In the future, three billion years. 0:18:44.640 --> 0:18:47.800 Yeah. And so before but before we even get snuffed up, 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:49.880 you know, it'll get pretty hot and we wouldn't want 0:18:49.880 --> 0:18:50.800 to be around anyway. 0:18:50.880 --> 0:18:51.520 Oh I see. 0:18:51.720 --> 0:18:54.280 So first the ocean's boil and then we get snuffed up. 0:18:54.400 --> 0:18:57.399 Yeah wow. And then that's that's like the last phase 0:18:57.440 --> 0:19:00.439 before the Sun dies and then it's mostly used up 0:19:00.480 --> 0:19:02.480 its fuel and you know, it's like a fire, You 0:19:02.560 --> 0:19:04.200 use up the fuel and then the fire goes out. 0:19:04.440 --> 0:19:06.440 So everything turned to iron. 0:19:06.359 --> 0:19:08.960 Maybe, And it's not every star that can make iron, right, 0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:10.840 It depends on the size of it. Mostly iron is 0:19:10.880 --> 0:19:13.600 made in much bigger stars, So our star is not 0:19:13.640 --> 0:19:15.679 big enough to make iron, so we'll probably make helium 0:19:15.680 --> 0:19:18.359 and a little bit of lithium and a few other things. Oh. 0:19:18.400 --> 0:19:20.719 I see. So some stars are bigger, so they have 0:19:20.800 --> 0:19:25.120 more pressure so they can cook iron, but ours cannot exactly. 0:19:25.160 --> 0:19:27.560 Ours is not by far one of the biggest stars 0:19:27.560 --> 0:19:32.280 in the universe. It's relatively modest. Yeah, okay, And then 0:19:32.320 --> 0:19:34.159 when it burns off all the hydrogen sort of on 0:19:34.200 --> 0:19:37.199 the outside, then it'll go out, and what we'll be 0:19:37.280 --> 0:19:39.400