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Speaker 1: You're listening to part Time Genius, the production of Kaleidoscope

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Speaker 1: and iHeartRadio. Guess what, mango? What's that? Will? All right?

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Speaker 2: When I say the words cutting edge science and dogs, Okay,

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Speaker 2: you got those two together, what's the first thing you

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Speaker 2: think of? Uh?

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Speaker 1: Maybe that dog from the Jetsons, like like a robot dog.

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Speaker 1: I know Donald Trump has those around tomorrow logo now

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Speaker 1: and those just creepy out.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, they add some dystopian nightmare fuel for sure, But

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Speaker 2: don't worry. Today's episode is about actual dogs, like the cute,

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Speaker 2: furry kind good dogs, the ones that we're very big

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Speaker 2: fans of. So, for instance, did you know that student

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Speaker 2: researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a wearable computer that

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Speaker 2: can help prevent injuries in sled dogs and other dogs

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Speaker 2: who do different types of physical activity.

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Speaker 1: You know, I never really thought of that as a problem,

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Speaker 1: but I guess it makes sense. I mean, pulling a

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Speaker 1: sled is probably hard.

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Speaker 2: Work, makes a lot of sense when you think about

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Speaker 2: athletes and others. The dogs are doing the same kind

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Speaker 2: of thing, so orthopedic injuries are actually very common, and

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Speaker 2: dogs that are doing certain types of work like this

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Speaker 2: and these things can cause permanent damage and forced dogs

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Speaker 2: to drop out of these long haul races like the Iditarod.

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Speaker 2: Usually mushers have to rely on visual observation to tele

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Speaker 2: if a dog is starting to suffer. But these days,

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Speaker 2: commercial canine exercise monitors like the fit bark, which is

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Speaker 2: a thing, can actually track basic activity, but you don't

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Speaker 2: get detailed information about gait characteristics. So the folks that

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Speaker 2: Georgia Tech created a smart harness, and what it does

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Speaker 2: is it sends this alert to the dog's human when

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Speaker 2: it detects gate changes, like if the dog is starting

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Speaker 2: to favor one side just the tiniest bit, it starts

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Speaker 2: to detect this and then the musher can give the

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Speaker 2: puppet break or you know, seek veterinary care.

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Speaker 1: That is amazing. I also love that they've got like

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Speaker 1: a monitor called fit bark. Me too, Me too, I'm

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Speaker 1: a fan. Does this new harness have an in I.

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Speaker 2: Was hoping you would ask this question, Mango. It's called

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Speaker 2: the Wearable Activity and Gate Detection Monitor. Now you might

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Speaker 2: think that sounds boring, but if you make it the

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Speaker 2: acronym wagged pretty good.

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Speaker 1: There is so dog science and dog science puns. I

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Speaker 1: love this episode already, so let's get to it.

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Speaker 2: Hey, their podcast listeners, Welcome to Part Time Genius. I'm

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Speaker 2: Will Pearson and as always, I'm here with my good

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Speaker 2: friend mangesh Hot ticket there and over there, sitting in

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Speaker 2: a literal pile of puppies. And I thought this was

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Speaker 2: going to be at Mango, But there's a combination of

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Speaker 2: work that's been done here from our good friend and

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Speaker 2: producer Dylan Fagan. You know he likes to knit, right,

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Speaker 2: he has knitted weds for each one of these nine dogs,

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Speaker 2: and they say fact number one, Fact number two, Fact

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Speaker 2: number three. He's named the dogs this, so I think

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Speaker 2: what's gonna happen. I'm predicting he's gonna hold up a

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Speaker 2: different dog each time we hit one of our nine

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Speaker 2: facts here. But that is pretty no idea where these

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Speaker 2: puppies came from. But if you hear barking in the background,

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Speaker 2: that's what's going on.

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Speaker 1: Well, speaking of barking, that's obviously how dogs communicate, right,

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Speaker 1: So to some extent it's okay or even helpful, like

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Speaker 1: if your dog barks to alert you to a package

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Speaker 1: being delivered at the door or something like that. But

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Speaker 1: obviously with some dogs, like an old office dog, we

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Speaker 1: had it can get out of control.

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Speaker 2: It was a nightmare. And my dog now, who is

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Speaker 2: named Paul, as you know, very creative name. Paul, loses

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Speaker 2: his mind anytime someone comes within fifty feet of the house.

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Speaker 2: And we're we have tried the training. We're obviously really

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Speaker 2: bad at it. It's quite frustrating, but we.

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Speaker 1: Still love him too. Can't help it. Well. Ve's actually

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Speaker 1: called this extra barking nuisance barking. And you might have

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Speaker 1: heard about these callers that deliver mild shocks when a

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Speaker 1: dog starts barking. But animal welfare experts, as you might

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Speaker 1: have guessed, say these are not good for dogs. And

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Speaker 1: it's not just about the physical discomfort causes. It can

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Speaker 1: also exacerbate things like anxiety. It can make the dogs

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Speaker 1: more loud or aggressive over time. Then obviously you want

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Speaker 1: to avoid that. So there is a technology that can help.

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Speaker 1: It's called a calming collar.

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Speaker 2: A calming collar that actually sounds like something I could

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Speaker 2: use on long days. I don't know if they make

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Speaker 2: these for humans yet, but we should look into that.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean, I feel like we all could. But

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Speaker 1: the way it works is these callers are infused with

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Speaker 1: DAP or dog appeasing pheromones. This is a synthetic version

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Speaker 1: of the pheromone mama dogs give off when they're nursing

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Speaker 1: puppies early in their life and even in adulthood, dogs

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Speaker 1: associated with a sense of well being. It is completely

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Speaker 1: undetectable to humans, so you or I we wouldn't smell anything,

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Speaker 1: but your dog will pick up on it right away.

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Speaker 1: And studies have shown that DAP can help dogs calm

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Speaker 1: down when they're agitated, and it can make them quiet

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Speaker 1: down as well. Most dogs do respond to it, a

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Speaker 1: few don't, but since common callers don't have any negative impact,

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Speaker 1: they really might be worth a try. That's super interesting.

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Speaker 2: It actually ties in nicely with one of the most

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Speaker 2: fascinating facts I've found while I was researching this topic.

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Speaker 2: So it turns out that dogs can experience quote emotional

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Speaker 2: contagion from the smell of human stress, which is super

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Speaker 2: interesting that this can happen. And this is a study

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Speaker 2: that came out just last year from the University of Bristol.

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Speaker 2: So researchers taught a group of pet dogs that a

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Speaker 2: bowl in one location contained a treat and a bowl

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Speaker 2: placed in a different spot was empty. So pretty soon

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Speaker 2: the dogs would just run straight to the treat location,

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Speaker 2: no surprise there. Then the researchers added a bowl in

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Speaker 2: between the two points, and if a dog went for

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Speaker 2: the new bowl quickly, that was considered an optimistic choice

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Speaker 2: and the dog believed that there would be a treat.

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Speaker 2: So if the dog hesitated, that was considered a sign

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Speaker 2: of pessimism, like the dog was thinking, well, just my luck,

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Speaker 2: there probably won't be a treat in there, you know

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Speaker 2: that that sort of thing.

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Speaker 1: That's really interesting. So how did they figure out that

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Speaker 1: human stress affects this behavior?

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Speaker 2: All?

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Speaker 1: Right?

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Speaker 2: So they made the dog owners take a math test

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Speaker 2: and collected sweat and breath samples while they were doing it.

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Speaker 2: This sounds like torture. This was considered stressful. I guess

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Speaker 2: none of these people were mathematicians or something like that.

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Speaker 2: Then they had the humans listen to relaxing soundscapes and

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Speaker 2: collected samples again, and the dogs exposed to the stress

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Speaker 2: sense were slow to approach the unfamiliar bowl, but the

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Speaker 2: relaxed sense didn't affect them in the same way like.

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Speaker 2: The researchers hypothesized that the scent of human stress conferred

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Speaker 2: a negative emotional state on the dogs. And they were

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Speaker 2: trying to avoid the disappointment of confronting an empty treat bowl.

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Speaker 1: Isn't that interesting? That is really not so. I mean,

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Speaker 1: a math test is almost the most surprising thing. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but it's great. So if you need to learn how

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Speaker 1: to relax and manager stress for Paul's sake, well maybe

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Speaker 1: you and Paul could start going to the gym together

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Speaker 1: as a stress reliever. That's not gonna happen. But do

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Speaker 1: you ever run with the Uh?

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Speaker 2: No, Paul's pretty good at walking, but Paul's Paul's a

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Speaker 2: pretty chill dog. I don't think he wants to. I

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Speaker 2: don't think he wants When he runs, he's running much

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Speaker 2: faster than me. Then that happens in quick spurts.

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Speaker 1: Got it. So these days dogs aren't just getting exercised

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Speaker 1: by going for walks and fetching sticks. They're actually doing

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Speaker 1: strength training. And it turns out the science is pretty

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Speaker 1: much the same as it is for humans. Like cardio

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Speaker 1: is fine, but to stay healthy as we age, we

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Speaker 1: need to maintain muscle mass. And if you're trying to

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Speaker 1: rehab an injury, building strength and stability is super important.

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Speaker 2: You know, It's funny this gave Dylan an idea, because

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Speaker 2: now he's holding up a sign that he's drawn. It's

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Speaker 2: picture of dogs pumping iron and matching tracksuits. I think

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Speaker 2: you gave him some idea.

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Speaker 1: Station Well, I can't wait for the fully knit tracksuits

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Speaker 1: next season. But instead of track suits, you might want

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Speaker 1: to consider getting your pup a weighted dog vest to

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Speaker 1: make a romp in the park much more strenuous. So

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Speaker 1: these buckle onto the dog's back and have pockets that

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Speaker 1: owners fill with different weights of different sizes, and you

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Speaker 1: shouldn't exceed ten to twenty percent of your dog's total weight,

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Speaker 1: like you want to do less than that, and it's

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Speaker 1: only safe to do with fully grown adult dogs. But

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Speaker 1: this almost like mimics the exercise pattern of rucking that

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Speaker 1: people are doing today. But some people actually also teach

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Speaker 1: their dogs to do weight pulling exercises, and these involve

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Speaker 1: a long harness that you attached to a heavy object,

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Speaker 1: like a gallon of water, and you kind of let

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Speaker 1: the dog drag it around. Or if pilates is more

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Speaker 1: your dog speed, you can pick up specialized canine resistance

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Speaker 1: bands that emphasize proper leg and foot alignment.

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Speaker 2: God, that's such a funny image there is.

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Speaker 1: A company called an Emotion that makes these, and the

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Speaker 1: way it works is the resistant band clips to a

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Speaker 1: harness at the dog's shoulders and then it has cuffs

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Speaker 1: that slip over the hind feet, so they're hind legs

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Speaker 1: get a real workout as they walk. These bands are

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Speaker 1: actually designed as therapeutic tools for dogs with certain illnesses

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Speaker 1: and injuries, but they're also helpful for overweight dogs who

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Speaker 1: just kind of need to get back in shape.

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Speaker 2: That is amazing, and the fact that these dogs are

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Speaker 2: doing more sophisticated workouts.

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Speaker 1: Than we're doing is pretty wild. All right.

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Speaker 2: Well, if we're talking about weight training, you know, we

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Speaker 2: have to talk about protein, right, If we're going to

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Speaker 2: get jackamanga, we got to talk about protein. And you

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Speaker 2: might think dogs are carnivores, right, like you would assume that, right,

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Speaker 2: But apparently this is a common misperception. It stems from

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Speaker 2: the fact that dogs came into our lives as domesticated wolves.

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Speaker 2: And wolves aren't just carnivores, they're obligate carnivores, and that

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Speaker 2: means that their bodies are meant to run purely on

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Speaker 2: animal protein. They can't get what they need from plants.

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Speaker 2: But dogs are actually different. Their genetics diverged from wolves

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Speaker 2: about twenty to forty thousand years ago, so it's not

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Speaker 2: the same thing. And why did that happen Exactly, It's

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Speaker 2: all because of us. So when dogs began living in

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Speaker 2: close proximity to hear humans, they began eating our leftovers,

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Speaker 2: and so over time their bodies adapted to a more

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Speaker 2: diverse diet.

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Speaker 1: Today, dogs are really omnivores.

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Speaker 2: In fact, whole grains, vegetables, and fiber can help balance

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Speaker 2: their gi systems and avoid those messy poop situations. But

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Speaker 2: if your dog wants to get swoll, like I know

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Speaker 2: your dog probably does, or if he's recovering from illness

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Speaker 2: or an injury, then yes, science has invented doggie protein

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Speaker 2: supplements and this is just fantastic. And so they come

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Speaker 2: in different forms like powders, tablets, treats, and many of

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Speaker 2: them are made with the same core ingredients you'll find

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Speaker 2: than protein powders for humans. This does not mean you

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Speaker 2: should share your morning protein shake with your dog, though.

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Speaker 2: Our protein powders are full of flavorings and additives and

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Speaker 2: this can actually be quite dangerous for dogs.

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Speaker 1: That's a good tip, So no athletic greens for spots. No,

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Speaker 1: no athletic greens. I actually thought you were going to say,

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Speaker 1: like you should give your dog creative right. So this

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Speaker 1: is a really inspiring story that I love, dogs like humans,

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Speaker 1: can suffer hearing loss and that can have a serious

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Speaker 1: impact on their quality of life. So back in the

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Speaker 1: nineteen eighties, an audiologist named Curtis Smith took his dog

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Speaker 1: to the vet for a checkup, and while he was there,

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Speaker 1: he asked if the vet ever saw dogs with hearing problems,

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Speaker 1: just kind of out of professional curiosity, right, And the

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Speaker 1: vet said yes, but you know, there's nothing you could

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Speaker 1: do to treat hearing loss and dogs. So Smith actually

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Speaker 1: decides to take this as a challenge, and after a

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Speaker 1: few tries, he modifies a human hearing aid to fit

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Speaker 1: dog's ears, and today an Animal Hearing and Bioacoustics Laboratory

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Speaker 1: at the University of Cincinnati has actually become the center

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Speaker 1: of canine audiology treatment. Is that amazing? I love that

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Speaker 1: it is the only place in the world where people

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Speaker 1: can get certified as animal audiologists and the only clinic

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Speaker 1: that does complete hearing assessments and hearing aid fittings for dogs.

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Speaker 2: You know, one of the things I love most about

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Speaker 2: the research that the team does and that we do

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Speaker 2: as we think about these episodes, is you find these

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Speaker 2: universities and colleges and places just all around the country,

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Speaker 2: and it feels like each one has its own super

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Speaker 2: unique specialty, Like I wouldn't have ever thought about a

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Speaker 2: premier place for this specialty to exist, But University of Cincinnati.

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Speaker 1: That's pretty cool.

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Speaker 2: And are they still using modified human hearing aids? Yeah,

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Speaker 2: for now they are, which means they're actually pretty pricey.

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Speaker 2: They can cost as much as three thousand dollars and

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Speaker 2: it is not an overnight fix. You kind of need

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Speaker 2: these tests to check your dog's cock clear function because

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Speaker 2: dogs have to have a certain level of remaining hearing

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Speaker 2: in order to be able to use these hearing aids.

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Speaker 2: But if your dog is a good candidate, the next

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Speaker 2: step is making molds of their ears, and finally you

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Speaker 2: have to get the aids custom fitted and tuned, and

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Speaker 2: from there it could take a while for your dog

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Speaker 2: to adjust. But you know, the team in Cincinnati is

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Speaker 2: working on developing a more affordable hearing aid designed specifically

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Speaker 2: for dogs, and if all of this goes well, that'll

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Speaker 2: make canine hearing loss treatment, A lot more are accessible.

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Speaker 1: Aren't you curious what this doggy hearing lab is called?

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Speaker 2: Oh? I wasn't thinking about that, but yes, I want

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Speaker 2: to know.

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Speaker 1: Now what is it called. It is called the Facility

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Speaker 1: for Education and Testing of Canine Hearing and Laboratory for

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Speaker 1: Animal Bioacoustics.

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Speaker 2: I was trying to keep up with that latch last

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Speaker 2: fetch las Okay, I knew.

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Speaker 1: It had to be an acronym. That's pretty great.

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Speaker 2: Well, wordplay is clearly an important part of dog science here.

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Speaker 1: But you know, hearing aids for dogs are.

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Speaker 2: Cool, But you know what else is cool? Mango lasers.

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Speaker 2: Lasers are also cool. And laser therapy isn't an emerging

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Speaker 2: treatment for several common canine conditions, including joint paint, ligament strains,

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Speaker 2: wound healing, even things like skin lesions that are caused

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Speaker 2: by repetitive licking, which I think we've all had dogs

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Speaker 2: that were guilty of that, and it's not super common

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Speaker 2: and more studies are needed, but there's been some promising

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Speaker 2: research that's showing that it can reduce pain and dogs

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Speaker 2: with arthritis, and unlike oral medications or inject it's an

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Speaker 2: easy treatment to give.

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Speaker 1: The dog just has to lie there while it gets zapped.

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Speaker 2: So it's a super easy way to try to treat.

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Speaker 1: This and it's not painful.

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Speaker 2: This is a low level or cold laser therapy as

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Speaker 2: they call it, meaning it's not high powered kind of

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Speaker 2: laser treatment that can destroy tissue. However, any type of

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Speaker 2: laser treatment can damage vision if you're not careful with this.

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Speaker 2: So if you look up pictures of dogs getting laser therapy,

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Speaker 2: which I urge you to do this, you'll see that

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Speaker 2: they're all wearing goggles or sunglasses, which is pretty terrific

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Speaker 2: and adorable at the same time.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I feel like extra cute medical treatments make it

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Speaker 1: easier to send your dog to medical treatments. That's right.

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Speaker 1: So how does all of this actually help them?

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Speaker 2: Well, it's kind of complicated, but the short version of

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Speaker 2: it is it's believed that the healing effects of the

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Speaker 2: laser happen because it causes lymphatic vessels to expand, which

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Speaker 2: helps reduce tissue swelling. It also decreases the release of

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Speaker 2: chemicals that cause inflamma and increases blood flow to the

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Speaker 2: lasered area, which can promote the healing. Now, it usually

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Speaker 2: takes multiple treatments to have an effect, but for dogs,

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Speaker 2: each session can be as short as you like, fifteen

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Speaker 2: minutes or so.

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Speaker 1: That's really interesting. So I see Dylan is holding up

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Speaker 1: a puppy with fact number eight on it. But Dylan,

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Speaker 1: you're gonna have to keep holding that because we've got

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Speaker 1: an ad break. We've got to take move back right

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Speaker 1: after this message, Welcome back to Part Time Genius, where

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Speaker 1: we're counting down nine facts about modern dog science. You know, well,

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Speaker 1: before we talk about this, I did want to say

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Speaker 1: I found an article today and this isn't modern dog science,

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Speaker 1: but it's amazing how much research is out there about dogs.

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Speaker 1: And one of the papers that I guess came out

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Speaker 1: somewhat recently is about a list of medieval English dog names.

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Speaker 1: That's pretty great. It's amazing. It's everything from Charlemage the

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Speaker 1: dog to find well Plotter, Achilles, Geester, best of all

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Speaker 1: with B Steve because it's felled in older English. Pretty boy,

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Speaker 1: there's all one word with a pr e t I

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Speaker 1: boy and have good day was Apparently Kelly Paul is

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Speaker 1: not on that list, unfortunately. That's pretty great. So I

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Speaker 1: am amazed at how much research is going into keeping

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Speaker 1: dogs healthy and treating their illnesses. You know, I feel

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Speaker 1: like we grew up as dog lovers, but it's amazing

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Speaker 1: how people have become even more obsessive over time and

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Speaker 1: then really treat dogs like family.

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Speaker 2: I think it just speaks to the importance of dogs

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Speaker 2: in our life, how they become like family members. I mean,

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Speaker 2: as you know, our daughter's off at college and when

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Speaker 2: she calls to check in, the first thing she wants

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Speaker 2: to do is get on FaceTime with Paul. Of course,

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Speaker 2: Paul has no idea what's going on. I mean, hears

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Speaker 2: her voice and everything, and then when she gets home,

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Speaker 2: she can't wait.

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Speaker 1: To see Paul first.

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Speaker 2: But it's it really is amazing, like they do become,

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Speaker 2: as you said, part of the family.

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Speaker 1: That's incredible. So, you know, one of the hardest things

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Speaker 1: about having a dog or any pet really is knowing

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Speaker 1: that they'll eventually pass away. And I found this amazing

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Speaker 1: New York Times article about dog longevity, and there's a

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Speaker 1: quote from a dog owner that, you know, just feels

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Speaker 1: pretty poignant. She said, when you adopt a dog, you're

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Speaker 1: adopting future heartbreak. But there is a new drug that

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Speaker 1: may be able to extend dogs lives now. Of course,

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Speaker 1: you can't make your dog immortal, and this isn't a

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Speaker 1: product that's on the market yet, but it is being

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Speaker 1: developed by a biotech company called Loyal and it's still

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Speaker 1: in the clinical study phase, but Loyle says they've completed

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Speaker 1: pre clinical trials and a pilot study and they expect

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Speaker 1: to get FDA conditional approval later this year. The drug

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Speaker 1: is so new it doesn't even have a real name yet.

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Speaker 1: It's just known by the identifier lois res or two.

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Speaker 1: It's a daily pill for senior dogs and according to Loyle,

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Speaker 1: it targets metabolic processes that break down over time, and

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Speaker 1: this kind of metabolic dysfunction can drive a lot of

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Speaker 1: the ailments we associate with aging, things like coronary artery

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Speaker 1: disease or arthritis, or you know, even cancer or cognitive decline.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, all pretty complicated stuff.

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Speaker 1: Yeah it is, but the effects of metabolic aging are

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Speaker 1: pretty familiar now. Aging dogs tend to lose muscle and

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Speaker 1: gain fat, especially around their organs. They can develop insulin resistance,

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Speaker 1: which is less likely to lead to doggy diabetes than

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Speaker 1: in humans, but it still has negative health effects, And

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Speaker 1: of course you can alleviate some of this by making

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Speaker 1: sure your dog eats healthy and gets plenty of exercise.

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Speaker 1: But Loyal's drug actually inhibits a growth hormone. It's called

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Speaker 1: igf one, and this hormone is linked to aging, and

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Speaker 1: by reducing the impact of that hormone, loyl actually says

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Speaker 1: that you can slow down the progression of metabolic dysfunction.

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Speaker 1: Apparently levels of this hormone by size, so Loyal is

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Speaker 1: working on different versions of the drug for very large dogs.

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Speaker 2: Well, you mentioned large dogs, and we've always heard that

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Speaker 2: large dogs don't live as long as small dogs, and

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Speaker 2: I feel like we've just seen that anecdotally.

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Speaker 1: But is this related to that, Yeah, exactly. So larger

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Speaker 1: breeds tend to have very high levels of IGF one,

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Speaker 1: up to twenty eight times higher than small dogs. But

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Speaker 1: on average, a really big dog like a Great Dane,

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Speaker 1: only lives about seven or ten years, but a tiny

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Speaker 1: Chihuahua lives fourteen to sixteen years on average, And so

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Speaker 1: Loyal says it's drug could increase dogs' lifespans by at

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Speaker 1: least a year, and more importantly, it prolongs healthy life,

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Speaker 1: so you don't just get more time with your dog.

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Speaker 1: Your dog gets more quality time and good health.

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Speaker 2: That is amazing, and you have to wonder, like if

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Speaker 2: there are implications for human health here too. You know,

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Speaker 2: it's a perfect lead than to our final fact of

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Speaker 2: the day. Hold it up, Dylan, all right, last back

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Speaker 2: number nine. A roomatology professor at Yale School of Medicine

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Speaker 2: has developed a cancer vaccine for dogs. His name is

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Speaker 2: doctor Mark Mamula, and he spent years studying autoimmune diseases

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Speaker 2: like lupus, where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues,

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Speaker 2: and eventually he shifted this expertise into cancer research, and

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Speaker 2: there's been a ton of interest in Immunotherapy is a

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Speaker 2: cancer treatment, as you well know, and the idea is

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Speaker 2: that certain drugs can stimulate the immune system to attack

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Speaker 2: these cancer cells.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I've definitely heard about that and it's fascinating. But

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Speaker 1: how do dogs get involved in all of this?

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Speaker 2: So in twenty fifteen, Mamula met a veterinary oncologist named

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Speaker 2: Gary Post at a party and they start talking about

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Speaker 2: cancer and animals. You know, when you're a party and

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Speaker 2: you want to talk about uplifting things like cancer and animals.

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Speaker 2: But apparently one in four dogs will get cancer at

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Speaker 2: some point in their lives. So Mamula had a first

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Speaker 2: hand experience of this his own dog had tragically died

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Speaker 2: from cancer, and in their conversation, he and Post realize

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Speaker 2: that human and canine cancers are actually very similar in

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Speaker 2: terms of how they behave, but there are way more

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Speaker 2: treatment options, obviously for humans.

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Speaker 1: So they decided to come up with something for dogs

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Speaker 1: that's exactly right.

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Speaker 2: And they call it an immunotherapeutic vaccine because remember it's

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Speaker 2: stimulating an immune response, but it's given as a treatment

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Speaker 2: after a dog has been diagnosed with cancer. And what

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Speaker 2: it does it tells the immune cells to crank out

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Speaker 2: antibodies that attack two specific proteins that help cancerous tumors grow. So,

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Speaker 2: according to Mammula, it's more effective than many existing treatments

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Speaker 2: because it generates this polyclonal response. In other words, it

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Speaker 2: gets multiple types of immune cells involved in antibody production,

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Speaker 2: not just one type, and that makes it harder for

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Speaker 2: the cancer cells to develop resistance. And still in the

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Speaker 2: clinical trial phase, but so far over three hundred dogs

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Speaker 2: have been treated, and for some types of cancer, the

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Speaker 2: twelve month survival rate has gone from thirty five percent

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Speaker 2: to sixty percent, so obviously showing promising results.

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Speaker 1: This could be a major breakthrough. That's so amazing. I

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Speaker 1: know you probably have a lot of holiday parties to

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Speaker 1: go to. How many diseases are can occur?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a fair question, a lot of pressure.

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Speaker 1: So I mean I am curious though, like if human

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Speaker 1: and dog cancers are similar, Like, could this actually improve

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Speaker 1: immunotherapy options for people as well?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's certainly possible, But for right now, Mammulas says

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Speaker 2: he's happy to focus on people's best friends.

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Speaker 1: Well, I think for sharing that amazing fact and the

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Speaker 1: fact that you actually have a dog and I don't

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Speaker 1: have a dog, this one goes out to you and Paul.

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Speaker 2: I was predicting you might go that way just for

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Speaker 2: that reason. Well, on behalf of Paul, all of Paul's barking,

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Speaker 2: and all of the people who've tried to deliver packages

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Speaker 2: at our house.

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Speaker 1: I will accept this award. Well, that is it for

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Speaker 1: today's episode. As you may have guessed, we're animal lovers

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Speaker 1: here at PTG, so you can always always tag us

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Speaker 1: in your pet posts. I don't know if you know this,

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Speaker 1: but Will and I and our colleague Jason previously had

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Speaker 1: started a weird at mental floss called poppies wearing hats

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Speaker 1: eating bacon sharing fat.

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Speaker 2: Yes, puppy's wearing hats heed bacon sharing facts.

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Speaker 1: So if you want to share any of your puppy

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Speaker 1: photos with us, we would love to see him. But

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Speaker 1: if you like our show, please rate and review us online.

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Speaker 1: You can find us at part Time Genius on Instagram

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00:23:19,400 --> 00:23:22,359
Speaker 1: and from Gabe, Dylan, Mary, Will and myself. Thank you

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00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:25,040
Speaker 1: so much for listening. We'll be back with new episodes

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00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:40,000
Speaker 1: very very soon. Part Time Genius is a production of

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Speaker 1: Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio. This show is hosted by Will Pearson

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Speaker 1: and Me Mongas Chatikler and research by our good pal

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Speaker 1: Mary Philip Sandy. Today's episode was engineered and produced by

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Speaker 1: the wonderful Dylan Fagan with support from Tyler Klang. The

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Speaker 1: show is executive produced for iHeart by Katrina Norvel and

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00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:03,520
Speaker 1: Al Perry, with social media support from Sasha Gay, trustee

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00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:08,080
Speaker 1: Dara Potts and Viney Shorey. For more podcasts from Kaleidoscope

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00:24:08,119 --> 00:24:13,000
Speaker 1: and iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever

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Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.