1 00:00:01,680 --> 00:00:09,680 Speaker 1: Col Zone Media. It was just after noon on a 2 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:13,120 Speaker 1: warm day near the end of summer when the demagogue died. 3 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 1: A single bullet fired from a rooftop by his assassin 4 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:23,680 Speaker 1: killed him almost instantly. A man who'd seemed larger than 5 00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 1: life bled out in front of horrified onlookers as his 6 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:31,800 Speaker 1: killer fled the scene on foot. He'd devoted his entire 7 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 1: adult life to preaching hate. In the last few years 8 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:38,880 Speaker 1: of his hateful life, he'd spent much of his time 9 00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: touring colleges and universities, delighting in the controversy. His appearances 10 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:47,080 Speaker 1: provoked and wailing about free speech. When venues refused to 11 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 1: host him. On college campuses across the country, he gave 12 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:56,040 Speaker 1: fiery speeches about the evils of communism, telling his young 13 00:00:56,080 --> 00:00:59,720 Speaker 1: audiences that they were being brainwashed by liberalism and force 14 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 1: fed Marxist propaganda. He railed against the Civil Rights Act, 15 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:07,720 Speaker 1: which he called a mistake. He said it was a 16 00:01:07,720 --> 00:01:11,600 Speaker 1: weapon wielded against the white race, and he publicly disparaged 17 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:16,120 Speaker 1: Martin Luther King Junior. He likened homosexuality to a disease, 18 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: and he dreamed of the day when he would have 19 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:21,360 Speaker 1: the power to strip queer people of their rights entirely 20 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:27,040 Speaker 1: above all else, though he was preoccupied with his belief 21 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: that the white race was in danger of being replaced. 22 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:36,160 Speaker 1: Conspiracy theories about his death abounded, and his movement made 23 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:39,679 Speaker 1: him a martyr for their cause. But in the end, 24 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:43,319 Speaker 1: the man who fired the shot that killed George Lincoln 25 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:47,560 Speaker 1: Rockwell wasn't a Jew, or a communist or an agent 26 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: of the state. It was a man who'd loved him 27 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: like a father. I'm Molly Conger, and this I squere 28 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: the little guise. This is a story about history, that's all. 29 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:22,440 Speaker 1: It's the story of an assassination that rocked the right 30 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:28,280 Speaker 1: wing reverberating through the white power movement for decades. Sometimes 31 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: I'll open an episode by describing the meandering mental process 32 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:35,280 Speaker 1: through which I have arrived at that week's subject, some 33 00:02:35,639 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: half formed thought that led me down a rabbit hole, 34 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: or some tangent from a past episode that I'm following 35 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:46,520 Speaker 1: up on. Something like that. But maybe there's no reason 36 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:50,160 Speaker 1: in particular that I was thinking this week about the sudden, 37 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:53,040 Speaker 1: violent end a man who spent his entire adult life 38 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:59,400 Speaker 1: stoking violence against everyone else. George Lincoln Rockwell died in 39 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: the parking lot of a laundromat in a strip mall 40 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,320 Speaker 1: in Arlington, Virginia, at twelve oh two p m. On 41 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: August twenty fifth, nineteen sixty seven. This isn't really an 42 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:12,560 Speaker 1: episode about George Lincoln Rockwell, except for the fact that 43 00:03:12,600 --> 00:03:17,639 Speaker 1: he's dead. Rockwell was the commander of the American Nazi Party, 44 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:22,239 Speaker 1: a group he founded in nineteen fifty nine. There isn't 45 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,640 Speaker 1: much to say about Rockwell that hasn't been said before. 46 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,200 Speaker 1: He was the founding father of American neo Nazism. He 47 00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:32,280 Speaker 1: was a pioneer in the field of Holocaust denial. Barely 48 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: a decade after the Holocaust ended, he invented the term 49 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: white power. He took a Volkswagen bus full of Nazis 50 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: across the country to Montgomery, Alabama, just to antagonize the 51 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: Freedom Riders. He followed Martin Luther King Junior all over 52 00:03:49,440 --> 00:03:53,720 Speaker 1: the country holding Nazi counter demonstrations, and when one of 53 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:56,080 Speaker 1: his stormtroopers punched King in the face in front of 54 00:03:56,080 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: a crowd in Birmingham, Rockwell promoted the assailant to the 55 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:04,880 Speaker 1: head of the party's Chicago office. Rockwell was a monster, 56 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:11,880 Speaker 1: But this isn't a story about George Lincoln Rockwall it's 57 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 1: about the Nazi who killed him. When that man was 58 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:19,640 Speaker 1: convicted of first degree murder in nineteen sixty seven, his 59 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 1: name was John Patler, but it wasn't always and it 60 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:29,159 Speaker 1: isn't any more. The Nazi best known as John Patler 61 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:33,040 Speaker 1: was born John Pazzalos in New York City in January 62 00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:36,400 Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty eight. He was the first of two 63 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:41,480 Speaker 1: sons born to Cristos and Athena Pazzalos. Cristos, so often 64 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:44,880 Speaker 1: referred to by the Anglicized version of his name, christ 65 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 1: emigrated to New York as a teenager in nineteen thirteen, 66 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:53,599 Speaker 1: three years before his future wife was born. He married 67 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:57,000 Speaker 1: Athena manro Gianis, the daughter of Greek immigrants, in the 68 00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 1: fall of nineteen thirty seven, just a few months before 69 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:03,559 Speaker 1: for their son, John was born. His younger brother, George, 70 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: would follow a year later. In nineteen forty three, when 71 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:10,400 Speaker 1: the Pazzalos boys were just four and five years old, 72 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:15,440 Speaker 1: their father murdered their mother. Newspaper articles from the time 73 00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:17,720 Speaker 1: say the couple had been arguing for hours on the 74 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:22,200 Speaker 1: afternoon of August seventh. Cristos Pazzalos then took a taxi 75 00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:25,400 Speaker 1: to a nearby police station and announced my wife has 76 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: been fighting with me. Now she is shot with my revolver, 77 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:33,480 Speaker 1: for which I have a permit. None of the newspaper 78 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:36,840 Speaker 1: articles from nineteen forty three that I can find mention 79 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:41,839 Speaker 1: the boys. It's almost unbearable to imagine that these two 80 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:44,960 Speaker 1: little boys had been left alone in the home with 81 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:49,800 Speaker 1: their dying mother. But in a later autobiographical essay that 82 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: Patler wrote for the American Nazi Party's Stormtrooper magazine, he 83 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 1: said that she'd actually dropped them off at her mother's 84 00:05:56,360 --> 00:06:00,880 Speaker 1: house before heading back home to pack her bags. She 85 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:07,040 Speaker 1: was planning to leave her husband. Cristos was initially booked 86 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 1: only on a charge of felonious assault, but when Athena 87 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:13,120 Speaker 1: died the next day, his charges were upgraded to first 88 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:19,559 Speaker 1: degree murder. After unsuccessfully pleading temporary insanity, Cristos was allowed 89 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:22,640 Speaker 1: to plead guilty to the lesser charge of manslaughter in 90 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:25,919 Speaker 1: early nineteen forty four, and he was sentenced to just 91 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:30,360 Speaker 1: seven and a half years. While their father was away 92 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: at sing Sing, George and John lived with their maternal grandmother, 93 00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:38,159 Speaker 1: Bessie mauro Giannis, was only a few years older than 94 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:40,760 Speaker 1: her son in law, and she was recently widowed and 95 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 1: still had a teenager of her own at home. Patler 96 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:46,839 Speaker 1: would later write that she supported them by selling flowers 97 00:06:46,839 --> 00:06:49,800 Speaker 1: at a stand on Park Avenue, and he remembers her 98 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:52,160 Speaker 1: hatred of the Jewish venders that she had to share 99 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:56,840 Speaker 1: space with at the market. It isn't entirely clear if 100 00:06:56,880 --> 00:07:00,080 Speaker 1: their father actually wanted them back, but the great my 101 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:02,720 Speaker 1: mother died in nineteen fifty four, just a few years 102 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 1: after Christos was released from prison. John and George were 103 00:07:06,680 --> 00:07:10,040 Speaker 1: placed briefly in a youth home before ultimately being returned 104 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:14,080 Speaker 1: to their father's custody. After a decade of hearing their 105 00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:17,280 Speaker 1: grandmother curse his name as the murderer of her daughter. 106 00:07:18,320 --> 00:07:21,240 Speaker 1: Suddenly they were living with their father in the very 107 00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:23,480 Speaker 1: same home in the Bronx where he'd killed their mother. 108 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:29,160 Speaker 1: Patler started getting into trouble with the police that year. 109 00:07:30,680 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 1: In September, he and another sixteen year old boy stole 110 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,440 Speaker 1: a car, got into a police chase, crashed into a tree, 111 00:07:36,840 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: and then ran off into the woods, evading the police 112 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:44,480 Speaker 1: for hours. That story sounds completely made up, and if 113 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,680 Speaker 1: it was just Patler's retelling of it years later, I 114 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 1: wouldn't believe it. But there really is a nineteen fifty 115 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 1: four newspaper headline that reads, twenty five cops seized two 116 00:07:55,120 --> 00:07:59,520 Speaker 1: teens after hot car crash. The other boy was sent 117 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:02,600 Speaker 1: off to a reform school, but Patler hadn't been in 118 00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:07,200 Speaker 1: serious trouble before, so he just got probation. By his 119 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:11,040 Speaker 1: own account, this was when he quote began to take 120 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:17,200 Speaker 1: a keen political interest in the Jews. Most biographies of 121 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: George Lincoln Rockwell have a few pages devoted to Patler's childhood, 122 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:24,320 Speaker 1: and they all seem to agree that Cristos Patsalos and 123 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:29,720 Speaker 1: Bessie Malrogianis were very outspoken in their anti Semitism, so 124 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,199 Speaker 1: it's not like he hadn't been exposed to the idea before. 125 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:37,040 Speaker 1: But at sixteen years old, John Patler found a copy 126 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: of mindcomp in the school library, and he was really 127 00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 1: vocal about his newfound interest in national socialism. His admiration 128 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:49,640 Speaker 1: for Hitler was no secret and it was causing him 129 00:08:49,679 --> 00:08:53,920 Speaker 1: problems in school. One afternoon, while he was boxing in 130 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:57,200 Speaker 1: the park, he was chatting with another teenage boy about 131 00:08:57,400 --> 00:08:59,320 Speaker 1: the need to do something about how the Jews are 132 00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:03,920 Speaker 1: responsible for the malevolent influence of communism. As teenage boys 133 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:08,200 Speaker 1: did in the fifties, I guess and his friend offered 134 00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:12,320 Speaker 1: to introduce him to some like minded individuals, a newly 135 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:19,720 Speaker 1: formed group called the Nationalist Youth League. Dust Hooker, a 136 00:09:19,760 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 1: wealthy businessman, had formed the Nationalist Youth League ostensibly as 137 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:28,360 Speaker 1: the youth arm of his Nationalist party, but it mainly 138 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:31,600 Speaker 1: functioned as a teenage gang run by a middle aged man. 139 00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:36,559 Speaker 1: The boys warm matching black uniforms and busted up Communist 140 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:40,960 Speaker 1: meetings and marched around the city handing out anti Semitic pamphlets. 141 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:45,560 Speaker 1: Patler idolized Hooker and quickly grew attached to this man 142 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:49,160 Speaker 1: as a sort of surrogate father. He later wrote that 143 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:52,080 Speaker 1: Hooker gave him his first political training and taught him 144 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:57,280 Speaker 1: quote everything he knew about the Jews. Part of that training, 145 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 1: I guess, was making his own anti Smith flyers, and 146 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty six Patler tried his hand at drawing 147 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 1: up his own pamphlets, and he was subsequently arrested on 148 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:11,760 Speaker 1: a charge of criminal libel because the leaflets targeted a 149 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:16,760 Speaker 1: specific Jewish businessman by name. He was still on probation 150 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:19,199 Speaker 1: for that midnight joy ride in a stolen car two 151 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:22,160 Speaker 1: years earlier, so he was sent to a psychiatric hospital 152 00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:28,200 Speaker 1: for evaluation. Usually we only have people's recollections after the fact. 153 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,440 Speaker 1: You know, years later, with the benefit of hindsight, people 154 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:34,880 Speaker 1: will say, oh, I knew him back then. I remember 155 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:38,280 Speaker 1: he used to say this or that. You have to 156 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:40,600 Speaker 1: take it with a grain of salt. Usually when a 157 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:43,840 Speaker 1: biography says that a man has always been an anti Semite. 158 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:48,760 Speaker 1: But in John Patler's case, there is an incredible trove 159 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:53,599 Speaker 1: of archival evidence. For his nineteen ninety nine biography of 160 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,760 Speaker 1: George Lincoln Rockwell, historian Frederick Simonelli was actually able to 161 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: access Patler's case file at the Morrisania Hospital Mental Hygiene Clinic. 162 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: I don't know how that's possible, come to think of it. 163 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:10,080 Speaker 1: I mean, those are medical records, but the footnotes are 164 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:15,320 Speaker 1: very thorough In American fury, simon Eli writes that a 165 00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:17,960 Speaker 1: caseworker at the hospital made a note in Patler's file 166 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:21,679 Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty six about his frequent anti Semitic comments 167 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:26,480 Speaker 1: to the hospital staff. A psychiatrist wrote that Patler told him, quote, 168 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:30,280 Speaker 1: I go to church every Sunday morning and fight the Jews. 169 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:34,240 Speaker 1: The same doctor later wrote in the file quote the 170 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:38,440 Speaker 1: patient may become dangerous. He appears as a potential murderer. 171 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:43,200 Speaker 1: After a short stay in the hospital, Patler was released, 172 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:46,720 Speaker 1: but he had to continue with court bandated outpatient treatment. 173 00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:50,760 Speaker 1: In nineteen fifty seven, the doctor's notes show Patler's mental 174 00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:55,720 Speaker 1: state was deteriorating. He was paranoid, delusional, and exhibiting violent tendencies, 175 00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:59,840 Speaker 1: and the doctor again wrote that the patient may one 176 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:05,280 Speaker 1: day commit murder inexplicably. His case file was actually closed 177 00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:07,800 Speaker 1: out soon after that, and there's a note that his 178 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:13,000 Speaker 1: probation officer felt that he was making satisfactory adjustments. And 179 00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:16,319 Speaker 1: it's around this time that John Patler first met George 180 00:12:16,360 --> 00:12:23,800 Speaker 1: Lincoln Rockwell at a party at Dust Hooker's home. Rockwell 181 00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:26,719 Speaker 1: hadn't yet formed the American Nazi Party, but he was 182 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:30,440 Speaker 1: an up and coming right wing extremist. It was actually 183 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:34,760 Speaker 1: dust Hooker who encouraged Rockwell to come out, so to speak, 184 00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:37,640 Speaker 1: to stop speaking in coded language and just put on 185 00:12:37,679 --> 00:12:43,000 Speaker 1: the swastika armband already. In that autobiographical essay Patler later 186 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:46,480 Speaker 1: wrote in the Nazi magazine, he claims that he chose 187 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:48,840 Speaker 1: to leave high school and enlist in the Marine Corps 188 00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:52,440 Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty eight, but the timeline is a little 189 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:57,520 Speaker 1: muddy here. In simon Elli's book, he writes that Patler's 190 00:12:57,520 --> 00:13:01,280 Speaker 1: probation violation had actually landed him back in and this 191 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:04,199 Speaker 1: time he was given two choices. He could face the 192 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:08,560 Speaker 1: charges as an adult, or he could enlist, and he 193 00:13:08,679 --> 00:13:14,040 Speaker 1: chose to enlist. In nineteen fifty nine, his father, Cristos 194 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:19,520 Speaker 1: Pazzalos died. Deus Hooker had moved away to Italy, apparently 195 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:24,120 Speaker 1: to run a seven up bottling factory. John Patler was 196 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:27,199 Speaker 1: a twenty one year old marine alone in the world 197 00:13:27,600 --> 00:13:30,120 Speaker 1: when he was assigned to a duty station in northern Virginia, 198 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:33,480 Speaker 1: just a short drive away from the headquarters of the 199 00:13:33,559 --> 00:13:39,319 Speaker 1: newly organized American Nazi Party. Now I've been calling him 200 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:43,199 Speaker 1: John Patler all this time, just for the sake of simplicity, 201 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,760 Speaker 1: because that's how we know him. But from the time 202 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 1: he was born in nineteen thirty eight until this point 203 00:13:49,840 --> 00:13:53,560 Speaker 1: in the story in nineteen sixty, his name is John Pazzalos. 204 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:57,560 Speaker 1: But in nineteen sixty, after he became one of the 205 00:13:57,559 --> 00:14:01,320 Speaker 1: first stormtroopers in the American Nazi Party, he legally changed 206 00:14:01,320 --> 00:14:06,000 Speaker 1: his name to John Patler. Not only did it sound 207 00:14:06,080 --> 00:14:08,559 Speaker 1: less Greek, which was a little too ethnic for the 208 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 1: Nazi Party. He liked it because it sounded like Hitler. 209 00:14:14,600 --> 00:14:16,800 Speaker 1: There are some sources that claim that he was actually 210 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:23,160 Speaker 1: born Yanaki Pazzalos, and I can't quite make sense of that. Yannis, Sure, 211 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:25,680 Speaker 1: that's just Greek for John. I wouldn't be surprised if 212 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:29,720 Speaker 1: his grandmother probably called him that, But there's never any 213 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:34,920 Speaker 1: citation for the claim that he was born Yanaki. I mean, 214 00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:40,040 Speaker 1: I don't think that's anyone's name. Sometimes you see a Yanakis, 215 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:44,320 Speaker 1: but this mysterious fake name is always spelled y A 216 00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:48,600 Speaker 1: n ac k I, and I don't think that's a 217 00:14:48,680 --> 00:14:53,120 Speaker 1: name at all. Mostly I saw this claim repeated in 218 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,040 Speaker 1: old Stormfront posts, so that's not a great source. I 219 00:14:57,040 --> 00:15:00,200 Speaker 1: don't need to track that down. That's just trash. But 220 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: it was on his Wikipedia page without a citation until 221 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:07,080 Speaker 1: someone removed it in twenty eleven, and it still shows 222 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:11,800 Speaker 1: up on the German and Finnish language Wikipedia pages, and 223 00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:15,240 Speaker 1: it even appears in a recently published doctoral dissertation about 224 00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:19,760 Speaker 1: the white Power movement. I guess it doesn't matter that much. 225 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: But I did track down a copy of the nineteen 226 00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:25,200 Speaker 1: forty census and his father recorded his two year old 227 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: son's name as John Adam Patsalos when he was arrested 228 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:34,240 Speaker 1: at sixteen and nineteen fifty four, the newspaper recorded that 229 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:38,760 Speaker 1: the boy who was arrested was named John Patsalos. When 230 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: he enlisted in the Marines in nineteen fifty eight, Marine 231 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:47,120 Speaker 1: Corps muster records list him as John C. Patsalos. But 232 00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:49,880 Speaker 1: I do think I found the original source of this 233 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:53,760 Speaker 1: strange mistake, and I think it's the faded recollection of 234 00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:59,680 Speaker 1: a former rival before William Luther Peers wrote the Turner Diaries, 235 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:02,960 Speaker 1: before he founded National Alliance. All the way back in 236 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:07,800 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty six, Pierce picked up his family and moved 237 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:10,960 Speaker 1: them to Virginia to be closer to George Lincoln Rockwell. 238 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:15,560 Speaker 1: His time at the American Nazi Party headquarters only overlapped 239 00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:18,960 Speaker 1: with Patler for about a year, but in that year, 240 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:22,480 Speaker 1: Patler and Pierce were pretty open in their hatred of 241 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:26,240 Speaker 1: one another, and Pierce made no secret of the fact 242 00:16:26,280 --> 00:16:31,160 Speaker 1: that he thought Patler was not white. So maybe that's 243 00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:34,200 Speaker 1: why he gave Patler a much more ethnic sounding, made 244 00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:36,720 Speaker 1: up name. When he was recounting that period of his 245 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:42,920 Speaker 1: own life to his biographer in two thousand, who knows. So. 246 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:48,520 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty, the Marine Private John Patsalos became Nazi 247 00:16:48,520 --> 00:17:06,200 Speaker 1: Stormtrooper John Patler. From his duty station in Quantico, he 248 00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:09,160 Speaker 1: was making weekend trips to Arlington to attend American Nazi 249 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:13,119 Speaker 1: Party meetings and rallies, and he very quickly became quite 250 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:16,760 Speaker 1: close to Rockwell. At a rally in Washington, d c. 251 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:21,160 Speaker 1: Over Memorial Day weekend in nineteen sixty, Rockwell proudly told 252 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:23,880 Speaker 1: the crowd that the man standing right next to him 253 00:17:24,040 --> 00:17:28,800 Speaker 1: was in fact a United States Marine, and that fact 254 00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:32,560 Speaker 1: quickly made it back to the military police. The man 255 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:37,040 Speaker 1: the Marine Corps knew as Private John Pazzalos was arrested, questioned, 256 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:42,119 Speaker 1: and given a psychiatric evaluation. In July nineteen sixty, he 257 00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:47,679 Speaker 1: was given a general discharge under honorable conditions, so not 258 00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:52,520 Speaker 1: a dishonorable discharge, but it isn't an honorable discharge either. 259 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:57,840 Speaker 1: There's a brief mention in one New York City newspaper 260 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:00,679 Speaker 1: after his discharge that he was going to file a 261 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:04,199 Speaker 1: lawsuit alleging that it had been a conspiracy to violet 262 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:07,560 Speaker 1: his rights, naming the Marine Corps as well as a 263 00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:11,280 Speaker 1: group called Jewish War Veterans of the United States as defendants. 264 00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:15,720 Speaker 1: He was asking for one five hundred seventy five dollars 265 00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:19,440 Speaker 1: in back pay and five hundred thousand dollars in damages 266 00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:23,560 Speaker 1: for the harm to his reputation. Again, this is a 267 00:18:23,600 --> 00:18:26,520 Speaker 1: man wearing a Nazi uniform outside of the White House. 268 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:29,440 Speaker 1: I don't know what reputation he thinks is being damaged. 269 00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:34,640 Speaker 1: He didn't have an attorney, And aside from that one 270 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:38,000 Speaker 1: news story about the Jewish Veterans Group telling a reporter 271 00:18:38,119 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: that they had received service of the complaint, I can't 272 00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:44,800 Speaker 1: find anything else about it. And it's possible he never 273 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:50,439 Speaker 1: actually filed it. But now in the summer of nineteen sixty, 274 00:18:51,359 --> 00:18:58,560 Speaker 1: he's completely untethered. He's an orphan, he's not a marine. 275 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:02,440 Speaker 1: He has no day job, he has no family. There's 276 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:08,399 Speaker 1: only Rockwell Marine Corps Private John Pazzalos is dead and 277 00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:13,800 Speaker 1: Stormtrooper John Patler quickly rose through the ranks of Rockwell's party. 278 00:19:14,119 --> 00:19:16,879 Speaker 1: He was promoted to editor of the party's official publication, 279 00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:20,439 Speaker 1: the National Socialist Bulletin, before the fourth issue was published 280 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:23,959 Speaker 1: in the fall of that year. He appeared right by 281 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:27,640 Speaker 1: Rockwell's side at countless rallies that year, and in nineteen 282 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:30,760 Speaker 1: sixty alone. He was arrested at so many Nazi Party 283 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:33,800 Speaker 1: rallies that it's hard to sort out which news stories 284 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:38,719 Speaker 1: about his court appearances are connected to which arrests. There 285 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:41,679 Speaker 1: were disorderly conduct charges after a brawl broke out at 286 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:43,960 Speaker 1: a rally near the White House, and then a week 287 00:19:44,040 --> 00:19:47,119 Speaker 1: later another disorderly conduct charge when they came back to 288 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:50,399 Speaker 1: protest the original arrest, and then a week after that 289 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,560 Speaker 1: he's arrested again for putting up swastika stickers at the 290 00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:58,960 Speaker 1: ADL headquarters. Rockwell gave Patler his blessing to marry Erica, 291 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:02,600 Speaker 1: a blonde women of German descent, and she was already 292 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:04,879 Speaker 1: heavily pregnant with their first son when she had to 293 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:06,560 Speaker 1: drive to d C in the middle of the night 294 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:09,159 Speaker 1: to bail her husband out of jail for defacing the 295 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:15,080 Speaker 1: offices of the ADL. The January nineteen sixty one issue 296 00:20:15,119 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 1: of the National Socialist Bulletin lists Lieutenant John Patler as 297 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:24,000 Speaker 1: both the editor and the art director. A few pages 298 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:27,760 Speaker 1: into the issue, there's an announcement congratulating Lieutenant Patler and 299 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:33,240 Speaker 1: the birth of his firstborn son. Now, Patler's children are 300 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 1: private individuals. They're not part of their father's story voluntarily. 301 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:42,960 Speaker 1: Aside from a handful of notable public comments from his 302 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:48,359 Speaker 1: son Nick, his children aren't your business or mine, But 303 00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:51,280 Speaker 1: in the interest of being thorough, I did do my 304 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:57,320 Speaker 1: own background research. This Nazi newsletter proudly announces that Patler 305 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:03,480 Speaker 1: had named his firstborn son Horst Vessel. There's a photo 306 00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:07,520 Speaker 1: of Patler wearing his Nazi party uniform cradling his infant 307 00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:11,119 Speaker 1: son in his arms, underneath text that reads, in all caps, 308 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:18,080 Speaker 1: Horst Vessel lives. Horst Vessel was a Nazi. I'm not 309 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:21,720 Speaker 1: talking about this baby boy. I'm talking about the original 310 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:25,600 Speaker 1: Horst Vessel. And he wasn't a Nazi the way John 311 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:28,080 Speaker 1: Patler is a Nazi. He was a real one in 312 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:32,480 Speaker 1: Nazi Germany. He joined the Sturmob Tailoh in nineteen twenty six, 313 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:34,920 Speaker 1: and he made quite a positive impression on a young 314 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:39,760 Speaker 1: Joseph Goebels. By nineteen twenty nine, Vessel was living in 315 00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:42,440 Speaker 1: Berlin and serving as the street cell leader of the 316 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:47,720 Speaker 1: Alexander Plotz unit of the stermop Tilo. As Stormfuurer, Vessel 317 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:50,080 Speaker 1: led a gang of young Nazis that got into violent 318 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:55,399 Speaker 1: altercations with Communists around Berlin. In nineteen thirty, one of 319 00:21:55,400 --> 00:21:59,320 Speaker 1: them shot and killed him. As the leader of this 320 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:03,399 Speaker 1: Nazi street fighting gang, Vessel had received a lot of 321 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:08,320 Speaker 1: encouragement from Gebels, and now that he's dead and Gebels 322 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:12,360 Speaker 1: is the party's chief propagandist, he sees this death as 323 00:22:12,359 --> 00:22:17,760 Speaker 1: a golden opportunity. In death, Horst Vessel is more than 324 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:21,800 Speaker 1: a violent man. He's a symbol. He's a martyr for 325 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:27,639 Speaker 1: the Nazi cause. So by naming his son Horst Vessel 326 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:32,000 Speaker 1: Hatler is invoking the Germany of nineteen thirty, a nation 327 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:36,040 Speaker 1: on the eve of the Third Reich. I get it. 328 00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:40,360 Speaker 1: I get what he's going for. The problem is it's 329 00:22:40,400 --> 00:22:43,320 Speaker 1: not true. And this is a big part of why 330 00:22:43,359 --> 00:22:47,120 Speaker 1: every episode takes me. I would say three times longer 331 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:54,760 Speaker 1: than is healthy. I can't trust anybody, even mostly reliable sources, 332 00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 1: you know, books that are well researched and well regarded. 333 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:02,520 Speaker 1: Sometimes people forget the number one rule of writing about Nazis. 334 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:08,439 Speaker 1: Nazis lie. You can't take a Nazi newsletter at face value, 335 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:11,879 Speaker 1: not for anything. Just because the birth announcement in the 336 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,959 Speaker 1: National Socialist Bulletin says that the baby's name is Horst 337 00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:21,120 Speaker 1: Vessel Patler doesn't make it true, but the claim does 338 00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:25,800 Speaker 1: appear in several books, always without a citation. I'm assuming 339 00:23:25,960 --> 00:23:30,160 Speaker 1: they got it from this Nazi newsletter, and it isn't true. 340 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:35,719 Speaker 1: Like I said, Patler's kids aren't our business. They're private 341 00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:38,960 Speaker 1: individuals who did not choose to involve themselves in this. 342 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:41,920 Speaker 1: So I'm not going to tell you what his name 343 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:46,879 Speaker 1: actually is. It was actually really hard to find, which 344 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:49,840 Speaker 1: tells me he's gone to some trouble to prevent people 345 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:52,720 Speaker 1: like me from finding it. And as an adult, he 346 00:23:52,760 --> 00:23:56,280 Speaker 1: actually changed his name again, swapping the last name Patler 347 00:23:56,359 --> 00:24:00,960 Speaker 1: for something unrelated. But his first name was never hors Vessel. 348 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:07,119 Speaker 1: It's something perfectly ordinary, the kind of boring white American 349 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:09,879 Speaker 1: name that you probably went to elementary school with a 350 00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:16,280 Speaker 1: dozen of Nineteen sixty one was a tumultuous year for 351 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:20,399 Speaker 1: the Patler family. That spring, his young wife, Erica was 352 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 1: home alone with baby horse Vessel because John Patler was 353 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:26,520 Speaker 1: the driver when the Nazis went on tour in the 354 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:30,359 Speaker 1: hate bus. I assume he had a great time with 355 00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: his friends on the Nazi road trip in the spring, 356 00:24:33,040 --> 00:24:36,160 Speaker 1: but by the end of the year, John Patler quit 357 00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:39,919 Speaker 1: the American Nazi Party, for the first time. He and 358 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:43,120 Speaker 1: another member named Dan Burros had decided to strike out 359 00:24:43,160 --> 00:24:46,960 Speaker 1: on their own to form a new splinter group. This 360 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:51,800 Speaker 1: is a classic problem in American neo Nazi organizing. Everybody 361 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:56,200 Speaker 1: wants to be Hitler. In November of nineteen sixty one, 362 00:24:56,440 --> 00:24:59,399 Speaker 1: John Patler packed up his pregnant wife and their infant 363 00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: son and moved to New York City in a converted 364 00:25:04,520 --> 00:25:07,560 Speaker 1: garage and queens. A handful of disaffected members of the 365 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:10,960 Speaker 1: American Nazi Party formed a new group that they called 366 00:25:11,119 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: the American National Party. Patler was the group's chairman and 367 00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:20,439 Speaker 1: Dan Burros was his second in command. Patler also edited 368 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:25,399 Speaker 1: the party's magazine, a publication called Kill with an exclamation point, 369 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,160 Speaker 1: but the whole endeavor never amounted to much at all. 370 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:34,359 Speaker 1: There were never more than about a dozen members. In 371 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:37,399 Speaker 1: the January nineteen sixty two issue of The Rockwell Report, 372 00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:41,680 Speaker 1: a secondary publication of the American Nazi Party, George Lincoln 373 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:45,920 Speaker 1: Rockwall wanted to make sure that everyone knew he wasn't mad. 374 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:49,000 Speaker 1: He actually didn't care at all, and it did not 375 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:51,480 Speaker 1: hurt his feelings that he'd been abandoned by his most 376 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:57,360 Speaker 1: devoted lieutenant. He wrote, quote in the attempt to justify 377 00:25:57,400 --> 00:25:59,960 Speaker 1: their failure in the Nazi Party here and overthrow our 378 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: leadership of the right wing. This group of selfish malcontents, loafers, fakers, sissies, cowards, 379 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: or damn fools is beneath mentioned. They are held together 380 00:26:11,359 --> 00:26:14,480 Speaker 1: solely by their hatred and jealousy of my person and 381 00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:18,119 Speaker 1: the American Nazi Party, and will disintegrate soon enough from 382 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:24,480 Speaker 1: lack of leadership and idealism. See he doesn't care at all, 383 00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:33,080 Speaker 1: He's not mad, but he was exactly right about their 384 00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:38,119 Speaker 1: motivation and how they'd end up. In March, the New 385 00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:42,000 Speaker 1: York Daily News ran a headline ten youths in Hollis Shack, 386 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,760 Speaker 1: poking fun at these young men playing make believe Nazi 387 00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:50,040 Speaker 1: living in a shanty in this neighborhood and queens. In April, 388 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 1: another newspaper in New York speculated that the group might 389 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:56,920 Speaker 1: actually be a front group rather than a splinter of 390 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:01,680 Speaker 1: the American Nazi Party, writing, a little band of eccentrics 391 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:04,600 Speaker 1: calling themselves the American Nazis has sent a few gal 392 00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:10,040 Speaker 1: lighters into the New York Long Island area, and Rockwell 393 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:13,280 Speaker 1: played KOI with the reporters. I think he may have 394 00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:16,280 Speaker 1: been trying to save face. He didn't want to admit 395 00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:20,399 Speaker 1: that he'd been abandoned, so he refused to confirm or 396 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:24,320 Speaker 1: deny any connection to this group. But he hinted that 397 00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:28,399 Speaker 1: sometimes sometimes I do use a front group, and maybe 398 00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,600 Speaker 1: I am working on something in New York City, sort 399 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:35,639 Speaker 1: of insinuating that, yes, these men do still answer to me. 400 00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:42,160 Speaker 1: The same article, though, quotes John Patler saying Rockwell hates 401 00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: my guts and I hate his. Patler really wanted to 402 00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:50,520 Speaker 1: make it work. He wanted to be the furer. He 403 00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,000 Speaker 1: wanted a party. He wanted his own newspaper and his 404 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:56,080 Speaker 1: own followers, and his own headquarters and his own uniforms. 405 00:27:57,440 --> 00:28:00,960 Speaker 1: But they couldn't afford uniforms and a dozen guys in 406 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:04,159 Speaker 1: a shanty, and Queens just doesn't have the gravity to 407 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:09,119 Speaker 1: keep the followers in orbit. There is a nineteen sixty 408 00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:13,600 Speaker 1: seven biography of Dan Burros called One More Victim, and 409 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:16,680 Speaker 1: the book offers some fascinating insight into this period of 410 00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:20,040 Speaker 1: their lives, a lot more detailed than I was able 411 00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:24,800 Speaker 1: to piece together from Rockwell's newsletters, FBI memos, and local 412 00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:29,480 Speaker 1: news stories published in Queens in nineteen sixty two, I 413 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,600 Speaker 1: should tell you, though, why the editor of the New 414 00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:36,000 Speaker 1: York Times wrote a book about Dan Burrows in nineteen 415 00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:39,760 Speaker 1: sixty seven. He's hardly so important at this point in 416 00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:42,680 Speaker 1: our story in nineteen sixty two. So how could there 417 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:46,360 Speaker 1: be a whole book's worth of information about this man 418 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:51,520 Speaker 1: in his twenties just a few years later. It's because 419 00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:56,200 Speaker 1: he died, not just that he died, but how and 420 00:28:56,240 --> 00:29:01,800 Speaker 1: why he died. In nineteen sixty the New York Times 421 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:05,480 Speaker 1: published a story revealing that Dan Burroughs, who was at 422 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:07,920 Speaker 1: that time a former member of the American Nazi Party 423 00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:13,120 Speaker 1: who had by then joined the Klan, was Jewish. His 424 00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: parents were both the children of Russian Jewish immigrants. They 425 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:20,800 Speaker 1: were married by a rabbi. He attended Hebrew school, and 426 00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:26,440 Speaker 1: he had a bar mitzvah Berno Nazis, being Jewish isn't 427 00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:30,680 Speaker 1: something you can leave behind. Just because Borrows had blonde 428 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:34,360 Speaker 1: hair and considered himself an Odonist doesn't mean he wasn't 429 00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:37,640 Speaker 1: still a Jew in the eyes of the anti Semite. 430 00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:40,040 Speaker 1: And honestly, if you ask any of the Nazis he 431 00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:43,000 Speaker 1: spent a decade with, they'd tell you he was as 432 00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:48,320 Speaker 1: anti Semitic as any of them. But this revelation, this 433 00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:52,080 Speaker 1: revelation that he had been hiding this from them, that 434 00:29:52,160 --> 00:30:07,480 Speaker 1: was an unforgivable sin. You can't be a Jewish clansman. 435 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:13,720 Speaker 1: It wasn't even noon on the day the story was 436 00:30:13,760 --> 00:30:19,560 Speaker 1: published when Burroughs died. His official cause of death is suicide, 437 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:23,320 Speaker 1: with one bullet wound to his head and another in 438 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:29,200 Speaker 1: his chest. I know, I know, but that's what the 439 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:34,520 Speaker 1: official records all say. There were three witnesses and their 440 00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:38,560 Speaker 1: stories all matched, and Burrows was the only one with 441 00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:44,720 Speaker 1: gunshot residue on his hands. That's what it says. Now, 442 00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:49,160 Speaker 1: I've read enough FBI memos about Roy Frankhauser to be 443 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:53,080 Speaker 1: a little skeptical of his account of anything, especially his 444 00:30:53,160 --> 00:30:57,880 Speaker 1: account of how a man died in his bedroom. I'm 445 00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:02,880 Speaker 1: not saying it wasn't suicide. I'm just saying I understand 446 00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:05,360 Speaker 1: what this looks like, and I don't know what to 447 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:09,720 Speaker 1: tell you. There are several books that contain a description 448 00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:12,920 Speaker 1: of this event, and they'll say that the FBI speculated 449 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:17,920 Speaker 1: that maybe Burrows did shoot himself the first time, and 450 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,200 Speaker 1: maybe Frankauser put him out of his misery with the 451 00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:25,479 Speaker 1: second shot, which is still weird, but it makes a 452 00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:28,960 Speaker 1: lot more logical sense than the version Frankhauser tells that 453 00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:33,640 Speaker 1: appears in this book in nineteen sixty seven. Now without 454 00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:36,000 Speaker 1: spending a week tearing my hair out over it and 455 00:31:36,160 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 1: maybe still not getting the answer to this question. I 456 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:42,880 Speaker 1: don't know if Frankhauser was already working for the FBI 457 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:47,600 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty five, but I guess either way, whether 458 00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:50,440 Speaker 1: he's an informant at this point or not, he probably 459 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:52,520 Speaker 1: wouldn't want to admit to shooting a guy in the head. 460 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:58,200 Speaker 1: But this version, Frankauser's version, the official version of these events. 461 00:31:59,120 --> 00:32:04,720 Speaker 1: It's dramatic. I mean it's theatrical. Wagner is playing a 462 00:32:04,760 --> 00:32:07,040 Speaker 1: little too loud on the radio in the house, there's 463 00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:10,200 Speaker 1: a hysterical woman screaming at Burros to put the gun down, 464 00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:13,600 Speaker 1: and Burros cocks the gun and he looks Frankauser in 465 00:32:13,640 --> 00:32:17,600 Speaker 1: the eye, his good eye, I assume, since Frankauser famously 466 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:20,080 Speaker 1: lost an eye and a bar fight, and he once 467 00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:24,560 Speaker 1: auctioned off his glass eye and a clan fundraiser. Anyway, 468 00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: so Burros is looking his friend in his good eye, 469 00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:32,720 Speaker 1: and he says, long Live the White Race, and then 470 00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:37,520 Speaker 1: he non fatally shoots himself in the chest, and he 471 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:41,560 Speaker 1: stands there unmoving, and then he raises the gun to 472 00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:46,800 Speaker 1: his head and fires again. I mean, what a scene. 473 00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:53,160 Speaker 1: It's horrific. In nineteen ninety seven, Martin Lee wrote in 474 00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:56,840 Speaker 1: his book The Beast Reawakens a History of American Fascism, 475 00:32:57,920 --> 00:33:03,720 Speaker 1: that Frankauser never cleaned it up. Dan Burross shot himself 476 00:33:03,800 --> 00:33:09,520 Speaker 1: two times in Roy Frankhauser's bedroom, and the bullet holes 477 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:13,440 Speaker 1: and the blood stains were still on the wall and 478 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:19,160 Speaker 1: ceiling thirty years later. Now you know, I like to 479 00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:22,800 Speaker 1: find my own sources. So in addition to this anecdote 480 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:25,880 Speaker 1: in Lee's book, I found an old post on Stormfront. 481 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:29,200 Speaker 1: It's about a decade old, and the poster says he 482 00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:31,800 Speaker 1: saw the holes for himself when he went to frank 483 00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:34,440 Speaker 1: Kauser's home sometime in the early two thousands, a few 484 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:40,200 Speaker 1: years before Frankauser died to buy some old Nazi memorabilia. 485 00:33:40,360 --> 00:33:44,040 Speaker 1: So it's a fascinating story with a lot of murky 486 00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:51,120 Speaker 1: truths and uncomfortable possibilities about state involvement. The New York 487 00:33:51,160 --> 00:33:55,360 Speaker 1: Times did their own work confirming the details and writing 488 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:59,560 Speaker 1: the story, but it was the FBI who tipped them off. 489 00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:04,400 Speaker 1: The first place that Dan Burross was Jewish, and that 490 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:06,280 Speaker 1: brings me back to the point I was trying to make. 491 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:10,000 Speaker 1: The New York Times journalist who is tipped off by 492 00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:13,160 Speaker 1: the FBI to write the story that led to Borros's death, 493 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:17,480 Speaker 1: wrote a book about it two years later, and I 494 00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:20,200 Speaker 1: assume in the course of writing this book they got 495 00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:23,600 Speaker 1: more tips from the FBI, which maybe why it has 496 00:34:23,640 --> 00:34:29,120 Speaker 1: such interesting descriptions of police files. We might come back 497 00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:32,839 Speaker 1: to Dan Burros another time. If I do, I'll even 498 00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:35,279 Speaker 1: watch the two thousand and one movie loosely based on 499 00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:39,520 Speaker 1: his life, starring Ryan Gosling as the Jewish Nazi and 500 00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 1: Billy Zane as the leader of the Nazi gang. But 501 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:46,040 Speaker 1: for now, I was getting to a point about the 502 00:34:46,080 --> 00:34:52,240 Speaker 1: embarrassing failure of the American National Party in nineteen sixty two. 503 00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:56,120 Speaker 1: In that biography of Burros, A. M. Rosenthal and Arthur 504 00:34:56,120 --> 00:34:59,440 Speaker 1: Gelb wrote that the American National Party never had more 505 00:34:59,480 --> 00:35:02,400 Speaker 1: than a few men, and it never really got a 506 00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:07,080 Speaker 1: lot of press. But the detectives at the NYPD's anti 507 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:12,120 Speaker 1: Subversive squad were fascinated by them, and they kept very 508 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:15,600 Speaker 1: close tabs on all of the members and their associates. 509 00:35:17,520 --> 00:35:21,160 Speaker 1: One detective said of the group, quote, these young toughs 510 00:35:21,239 --> 00:35:24,200 Speaker 1: live and breathe the atmosphere of violence. That's all they 511 00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:27,400 Speaker 1: talk about, getting this guy or blowing up this or that. 512 00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:30,680 Speaker 1: A lot of them have guns, and it's as if 513 00:35:30,680 --> 00:35:35,799 Speaker 1: they're making love to them. They're not for anything, but 514 00:35:35,840 --> 00:35:39,319 Speaker 1: they're against an awful lot of things and people. They 515 00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:42,759 Speaker 1: all got excited, you might say, aroused by the civil 516 00:35:42,840 --> 00:35:47,640 Speaker 1: rights movement. It got them all worked up. Now you 517 00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:51,120 Speaker 1: probably know it pains me to say this NYPD detective 518 00:35:51,239 --> 00:35:56,439 Speaker 1: is really cooking here, but listen to this quote. Most 519 00:35:56,480 --> 00:35:59,279 Speaker 1: of these people are liars and not smart, and most 520 00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:02,239 Speaker 1: of them are cowards. But they work on each other, 521 00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:04,239 Speaker 1: and we have to watch to make sure they don't 522 00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:05,960 Speaker 1: get each other worked up to the point where they 523 00:36:05,960 --> 00:36:09,000 Speaker 1: have to prove their manhood by going out and killing people. 524 00:36:11,560 --> 00:36:14,839 Speaker 1: So the cops would hang around and watch, but they'd 525 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:18,920 Speaker 1: stop buying chat too. It was never a secret that 526 00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:23,040 Speaker 1: they were being surveilled. Borros, much like his former commander 527 00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:26,400 Speaker 1: George Lincoln Rockwell, was happy to talk to the police. 528 00:36:27,360 --> 00:36:29,120 Speaker 1: It seems like he kind of got a kick out 529 00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:34,640 Speaker 1: of it even and both Burros and Rockwell would frequently 530 00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:38,600 Speaker 1: take the initiative to contact the police themselves to inform 531 00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:42,480 Speaker 1: on other members of the movement, although this biography of 532 00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:45,560 Speaker 1: Burroughs notes that he never accepted any money for it, 533 00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:50,520 Speaker 1: and nothing he offered was ever of much value. So 534 00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,440 Speaker 1: for most of nineteen sixty two, Dan Burross, the secretly 535 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:58,640 Speaker 1: Jewish Nazi, and John Patler are holed up in a 536 00:36:58,760 --> 00:37:02,920 Speaker 1: shanty in Queen's writing a Nazi newsletter that no one reads, 537 00:37:02,960 --> 00:37:07,120 Speaker 1: devoted mostly to bashing the father figure that they have abandoned, 538 00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,120 Speaker 1: and a squad of detectives is standing outside taking turns 539 00:37:11,160 --> 00:37:16,880 Speaker 1: watching them make the occasional bodega run. In August of 540 00:37:16,920 --> 00:37:20,320 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty two, Patler was arrested for disturbing the peace 541 00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:23,720 Speaker 1: after he refused to stop picketing a school integration rally 542 00:37:23,719 --> 00:37:29,759 Speaker 1: in Englewood, New Jersey. He was alone. He attended that 543 00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:35,279 Speaker 1: event alone. There was a lot of publicity leading up 544 00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:37,959 Speaker 1: to it. He was making these sort of public pronouncements 545 00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:40,799 Speaker 1: that the American National Party is going to show up 546 00:37:41,120 --> 00:37:45,919 Speaker 1: and counterdemonstrate against these black families. Preparations were being made 547 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,279 Speaker 1: and the town was in negotiations with him about where 548 00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:50,720 Speaker 1: they could stand and whether they could have amplified sound, 549 00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:54,719 Speaker 1: and the police were involved. But by the time the 550 00:37:54,760 --> 00:37:59,840 Speaker 1: actual day comes, Patler showed up alone and he's just 551 00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:04,040 Speaker 1: standing there in Englewood, New Jersey, yelling at the parents 552 00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:09,160 Speaker 1: of black school children. And for all his trouble, Patler 553 00:38:09,239 --> 00:38:12,719 Speaker 1: was sentenced to ten days in jail, which he protested 554 00:38:12,760 --> 00:38:16,719 Speaker 1: by staging a hunger strike. And he really did do it. 555 00:38:17,880 --> 00:38:21,600 Speaker 1: I've seen plenty of guys like Patler say they're gonna 556 00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:25,200 Speaker 1: do it, they say they're gonna do something drastic. I've 557 00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,440 Speaker 1: recently seen a guy a lot like Patler threatened to 558 00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:31,319 Speaker 1: go on a hunger strike and he didn't do it. 559 00:38:32,640 --> 00:38:35,520 Speaker 1: But according to the doctor who examined Patler on his release, 560 00:38:36,239 --> 00:38:39,239 Speaker 1: he'd lost a significant amount of weight over those ten days, 561 00:38:39,920 --> 00:38:45,320 Speaker 1: so I guess you can't say he didn't commit. And again, 562 00:38:45,640 --> 00:38:48,960 Speaker 1: much like the lead up to the Englewood rally, during 563 00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:53,000 Speaker 1: these ten days Patler's in jail. The American National Party, 564 00:38:53,480 --> 00:38:56,000 Speaker 1: you know, those two guys in the shanty and Queens, 565 00:38:56,719 --> 00:38:59,600 Speaker 1: are threatening to picket the jail to demand his release, 566 00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:07,439 Speaker 1: but they didn't. On one of those ten nights, one 567 00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:12,320 Speaker 1: member of the American National Party showed up, Ralph Grandinetti, 568 00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:16,520 Speaker 1: the group's state chairman stood outside the jail for about 569 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:23,360 Speaker 1: a half hour one evening. On the morning Patler was released, 570 00:39:23,400 --> 00:39:26,200 Speaker 1: the Bergen County Record published a photo of him hunched 571 00:39:26,239 --> 00:39:29,600 Speaker 1: over a plate of breakfast food at a diner, and 572 00:39:29,640 --> 00:39:32,120 Speaker 1: they note that there was no crowd waiting for him 573 00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:36,520 Speaker 1: outside the jail when he was released. He was arrested 574 00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:41,320 Speaker 1: again in November, this time for disrupting Eleanor Roosevelt's funeral, 575 00:39:42,080 --> 00:39:44,400 Speaker 1: and he was sentenced to ninety days in jail this time. 576 00:39:46,239 --> 00:39:49,719 Speaker 1: But worse than this jail sentence was the growing realization 577 00:39:49,840 --> 00:39:53,520 Speaker 1: that this was a failure. When he left Virginia with 578 00:39:53,600 --> 00:39:56,880 Speaker 1: Dan Burrows, they had a plan, they were going to 579 00:39:56,920 --> 00:39:59,120 Speaker 1: do something, They were going to make something of themselves. 580 00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:04,760 Speaker 1: But Burrows didn't seem all that committed. He hadn't supported 581 00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:06,680 Speaker 1: Paller at all when he was on his hunger strike 582 00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:09,800 Speaker 1: in August, and on the day of Eleanor Roosevelt's funeral, 583 00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:13,120 Speaker 1: he didn't even want to go. He told Paller he'd 584 00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:17,640 Speaker 1: rather stay at home and watch sports on TV. I 585 00:40:17,719 --> 00:40:19,520 Speaker 1: tried to figure out what game would have been on. 586 00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:23,279 Speaker 1: I think this was November tenth, nineteen sixty two. What 587 00:40:23,400 --> 00:40:26,280 Speaker 1: sports were on that day. Maybe he was watching a rerun. 588 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:29,719 Speaker 1: Did they have those in nineteen sixty two? I don't know. 589 00:40:31,719 --> 00:40:34,080 Speaker 1: When the ACLU finally cut Patler out of jail in 590 00:40:34,160 --> 00:40:37,359 Speaker 1: January of nineteen sixty three, he was ready to beg 591 00:40:37,480 --> 00:40:41,399 Speaker 1: Rockwell for for gypness, his wife, Erica, put her foot down. 592 00:40:42,239 --> 00:40:44,960 Speaker 1: She was done. She didn't want to move again with 593 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:48,080 Speaker 1: her two small children. If he went back to Rockwell, 594 00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:52,920 Speaker 1: she wasn't coming with him, and John Patler chose George 595 00:40:52,960 --> 00:40:57,000 Speaker 1: Lincoln Rockwell over his wife and sons. It would take 596 00:40:57,000 --> 00:41:00,560 Speaker 1: a few years to sort out an actual divorce, I think, 597 00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:06,120 Speaker 1: but they separated and she didn't follow him back to Virginia. 598 00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:09,240 Speaker 1: A few years later, when Patler's on trial for murder, 599 00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:13,839 Speaker 1: he only ever talks about having two children, and he's 600 00:41:13,880 --> 00:41:17,160 Speaker 1: talking about the two children he had after this with 601 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:21,400 Speaker 1: his second wife. His first two sons, and his first 602 00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:24,520 Speaker 1: wife are completely absent from his own telling of his 603 00:41:24,560 --> 00:41:31,640 Speaker 1: life story after this point. In February of nineteen sixty three, 604 00:41:31,760 --> 00:41:35,239 Speaker 1: Patler publishes the fourth and final issue of Kill, the 605 00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:39,920 Speaker 1: magazine for the American National Party, and in it he 606 00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:45,520 Speaker 1: announces that the American National Party is no more. I 607 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:48,280 Speaker 1: didn't actually manage to find a copy of that issue 608 00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:52,920 Speaker 1: of Kill, but an FBI memo describing it just notes 609 00:41:52,960 --> 00:41:57,360 Speaker 1: that it announced the end of the group. Rockwell, on 610 00:41:57,400 --> 00:42:01,120 Speaker 1: the other hand, claimed in his confidential internal party newsletter 611 00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:04,480 Speaker 1: that the fourth issue of Kill was devoted entirely to 612 00:42:04,520 --> 00:42:08,920 Speaker 1: the theme Rockwell was right in an attempt to quote 613 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:11,960 Speaker 1: patch up some of the damage he'd done in deserting 614 00:42:11,960 --> 00:42:16,319 Speaker 1: the party and attacking the commander. He also claims that 615 00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,600 Speaker 1: Patler sent him a telegram asking to be allowed to 616 00:42:18,600 --> 00:42:22,560 Speaker 1: return to the party. Rockwell made a bit of a 617 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:26,520 Speaker 1: show of it, too, humiliating Patler in the party newsletter 618 00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:31,080 Speaker 1: on multiple occasions that year, announcing Patler's return by writing 619 00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:33,960 Speaker 1: that Patler had been quote too big for his breeches, 620 00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:37,120 Speaker 1: but he'd come to his senses and come crawling back, 621 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:40,719 Speaker 1: begging and pleading, and Patler had to start again from 622 00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:45,480 Speaker 1: the bottom. He was not Lieutenant Patler. Party materials referred 623 00:42:45,480 --> 00:42:48,680 Speaker 1: to him as a probationary storm trooper for the rest 624 00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:54,839 Speaker 1: of nineteen sixty three. But I think deep down there 625 00:42:54,920 --> 00:42:57,359 Speaker 1: was never any doubt in Rockwell's mind that he would 626 00:42:57,360 --> 00:43:02,000 Speaker 1: welcome Patler home again. He'd lost other high ranking party 627 00:43:02,040 --> 00:43:05,439 Speaker 1: officers before, and he'd lose more in years to come. 628 00:43:06,640 --> 00:43:08,960 Speaker 1: And he always lashes out in the way a man 629 00:43:09,000 --> 00:43:14,680 Speaker 1: with a bruised ego does. But Patler's departure seems to 630 00:43:14,719 --> 00:43:19,120 Speaker 1: have hurt him somewhere deeper than his thin skin. He 631 00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:22,240 Speaker 1: was taking a big risk excepting Patler back into the fold. 632 00:43:22,320 --> 00:43:26,280 Speaker 1: He probably shouldn't have done it. He looked weak opening 633 00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:28,640 Speaker 1: his arms to a man who'd spent a year publicly 634 00:43:28,680 --> 00:43:35,320 Speaker 1: attacking him. And not only that, Patler wasn't popular. People 635 00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:40,120 Speaker 1: didn't like him, partly because a lot of them didn't 636 00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:44,880 Speaker 1: see him as white. Another high ranking party officer quit 637 00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:48,920 Speaker 1: over the mere idea that Rockwell might meet with Patler 638 00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:52,320 Speaker 1: to discuss returning. I mean this was a controversial choice. 639 00:43:53,719 --> 00:43:58,160 Speaker 1: Rockwell did this because he liked Patler, not because it 640 00:43:58,200 --> 00:44:03,600 Speaker 1: was a good choice politically or for the party. By 641 00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:06,400 Speaker 1: the summer of nineteen sixty three, Patler was once again 642 00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:10,040 Speaker 1: editing the party Stormtrooper magazine, and he'd been assigned to 643 00:44:10,080 --> 00:44:12,440 Speaker 1: travel across the state of Pennsylvania to try to get 644 00:44:12,480 --> 00:44:16,279 Speaker 1: publicity for the American Nazi Parti's planned counter demonstration for 645 00:44:16,360 --> 00:44:20,640 Speaker 1: the upcoming March on Washington. You know the one, the 646 00:44:20,640 --> 00:44:23,160 Speaker 1: one where a quarter of a million people heard Martin 647 00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:25,520 Speaker 1: Luther King Junior give his I Have a Dream speech. 648 00:44:26,239 --> 00:44:30,840 Speaker 1: That one. Rockwell spent most of the summer of sixty 649 00:44:30,880 --> 00:44:34,839 Speaker 1: three trying to recruit supporters for his Nazi response to 650 00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:38,800 Speaker 1: this event, and they were pulling stunts all over the country, 651 00:44:38,840 --> 00:44:43,400 Speaker 1: getting members arrested in multiple states. Rockwell himself was arrested 652 00:44:43,400 --> 00:44:46,320 Speaker 1: in Virginia for handing out flyers that officials felt were 653 00:44:46,640 --> 00:44:52,000 Speaker 1: inciting racial violence. But the publicity tour in Pennsylvania was 654 00:44:52,160 --> 00:44:58,879 Speaker 1: just two men, John Patler and Roy Frankhauser. Now, again, 655 00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:01,640 Speaker 1: the story's a little bit out of order because by 656 00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:05,120 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty five, obviously Roy Frankhauser is no longer in 657 00:45:05,160 --> 00:45:08,239 Speaker 1: the American Nazi Party. He's just a klansman. But here 658 00:45:08,320 --> 00:45:11,520 Speaker 1: in the past, in nineteen sixty three, frank Kauser is 659 00:45:11,560 --> 00:45:14,640 Speaker 1: still a member of the American Nazi Party. Sorry about that. 660 00:45:16,120 --> 00:45:19,759 Speaker 1: And so their journey across the state of Pennsylvania is 661 00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:24,040 Speaker 1: called the Hate Hike, and they're traveling across the state 662 00:45:24,239 --> 00:45:27,800 Speaker 1: standing outside of bus stations and public pools, holding signs 663 00:45:27,840 --> 00:45:31,880 Speaker 1: that say we hate race mixing, trying to go passers 664 00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:36,840 Speaker 1: by into hitting them. I guess if the surviving newspaper 665 00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:40,799 Speaker 1: archives and FBI memos or anything to go on, it 666 00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:42,800 Speaker 1: looks like the only person they managed to get a 667 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:46,560 Speaker 1: rise out of was a policeman in Pittsburgh who allegedly 668 00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:49,440 Speaker 1: hit Roy Frankhauser in the face after they were arrested. 669 00:45:51,120 --> 00:45:53,960 Speaker 1: But for the most part, the hate hike seems to 670 00:45:53,960 --> 00:45:57,560 Speaker 1: have gone largely unremarked on, and so at the end 671 00:45:57,560 --> 00:46:00,600 Speaker 1: of the summer, George Lincoln Rockwell shows up in Washington, 672 00:46:00,680 --> 00:46:05,840 Speaker 1: d C. With fifty supporters at most, a pathetic showing 673 00:46:05,880 --> 00:46:09,080 Speaker 1: for the months of touring and rallies and stunts he'd 674 00:46:09,080 --> 00:46:13,279 Speaker 1: been pouring resources into to get the word out. I 675 00:46:13,280 --> 00:46:16,719 Speaker 1: don't know how Patler felt about the rally, but overall, 676 00:46:17,239 --> 00:46:20,640 Speaker 1: at the end of nineteen sixty three, life was pretty 677 00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:24,480 Speaker 1: good for John Patler. He'd already forgotten the wife and 678 00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:27,919 Speaker 1: sons he abandoned in New York, the woman who would 679 00:46:27,960 --> 00:46:31,680 Speaker 1: later become his second wife, was pregnant with their first son, 680 00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:36,600 Speaker 1: and most importantly, he was back in his commander's good graces. 681 00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:41,280 Speaker 1: I didn't mean to get so lost in the newspaper archives. 682 00:46:42,160 --> 00:46:44,080 Speaker 1: I really thought I was going to have this wrapped 683 00:46:44,160 --> 00:46:47,080 Speaker 1: up in one but We'll have to pick back up 684 00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:50,320 Speaker 1: next week with John Patler's second rise to the highest 685 00:46:50,360 --> 00:46:54,000 Speaker 1: ranks of the American Nazi Party, his second resignation from 686 00:46:54,040 --> 00:47:00,440 Speaker 1: the party, his ultimate dismissal, his murder trial, compete Nazi 687 00:47:00,480 --> 00:47:05,280 Speaker 1: conspiracy theories leading to a shootout in Maine, and oddly 688 00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:08,839 Speaker 1: that time, a guy came home from work one day 689 00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:12,200 Speaker 1: to find four nude strangers having an orgy in his 690 00:47:12,280 --> 00:47:16,520 Speaker 1: living room, and one of those naked people was the 691 00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:37,439 Speaker 1: recently paroled murderer of America's most famous Nazi. Weird Little 692 00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:39,680 Speaker 1: Guys as a production of Pool Zone Media and iHeartRadio. 693 00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:43,040 Speaker 1: It's research, written and recorded by me, Molly Conger. Our 694 00:47:43,080 --> 00:47:46,319 Speaker 1: executive producers are Sophe Lieuchtermann and Robert Evans. The show 695 00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:49,080 Speaker 1: is edited by the wildly talented Rory Gagan. The theme 696 00:47:49,120 --> 00:47:51,759 Speaker 1: music was composed by Brad Dickert. You can email me 697 00:47:51,840 --> 00:47:54,439 Speaker 1: at Weirdly Guys Podcast at gmail dot com. I will 698 00:47:54,480 --> 00:47:57,360 Speaker 1: definitely read it, but I probably won't answer. It's nothing personal. 699 00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:00,640 Speaker 1: You can exchange conspiracy theories about the show. The listeners 700 00:48:00,640 --> 00:48:04,120 Speaker 1: on the Weird Little Guys separated it just don't post 701 00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:05,560 Speaker 1: anything that's going to make you one of my weird 702 00:48:05,560 --> 00:48:06,160 Speaker 1: little guys,