1 00:00:08,245 --> 00:00:09,165 Speaker 1: School of Humans. 2 00:00:13,005 --> 00:00:22,045 Speaker 2: This episode discusses sensitive topics. Please listen with care. My 3 00:00:22,205 --> 00:00:26,005 Speaker 2: name is Miranda Hawkins. Welcome to the Deep Dark Woods. 4 00:00:27,365 --> 00:00:41,525 Speaker 2: Today's story is at U four ten, or Sleeping Beauty. 5 00:00:42,485 --> 00:00:45,045 Speaker 3: In pastimes, there were a king and queen who said 6 00:00:45,085 --> 00:00:49,005 Speaker 3: every day, oh, if only we had a child, but 7 00:00:49,085 --> 00:00:53,005 Speaker 3: they never received one. Then it happened one day, while 8 00:00:53,005 --> 00:00:55,285 Speaker 3: the queen was sitting in her bath, that a frog 9 00:00:55,325 --> 00:00:57,485 Speaker 3: crept out of the water onto the ground and said 10 00:00:57,485 --> 00:01:01,765 Speaker 3: to her, your wish shall be fulfilled, and before a 11 00:01:01,885 --> 00:01:05,805 Speaker 3: year passes, you will bring a daughter into the world. 12 00:01:07,525 --> 00:01:09,965 Speaker 3: What the frog said did happen, and the queen gave 13 00:01:10,005 --> 00:01:12,085 Speaker 3: birth to a girl who was so beautiful that the 14 00:01:12,205 --> 00:01:15,685 Speaker 3: king could not contain himself for joy, and he ordered 15 00:01:15,725 --> 00:01:20,805 Speaker 3: a great celebration. He invited not only his relatives, friends, 16 00:01:20,805 --> 00:01:23,605 Speaker 3: and acquaintances, but also the wise women, so that they 17 00:01:23,645 --> 00:01:27,965 Speaker 3: would be kindly disposed toward the child. There were thirteen 18 00:01:28,005 --> 00:01:30,845 Speaker 3: of them in this kingdom, but because he had only 19 00:01:30,925 --> 00:01:33,965 Speaker 3: twelve golden plates from which they were to eat, one 20 00:01:34,045 --> 00:01:37,645 Speaker 3: of them had to remain at home. The feast was 21 00:01:37,685 --> 00:01:41,365 Speaker 3: celebrated with great splendor, and at its conclusion, the wise 22 00:01:41,405 --> 00:01:46,165 Speaker 3: women presented the child with their magic gifts. The one 23 00:01:46,205 --> 00:01:50,725 Speaker 3: gave her virtue, the second one beauty, the third one wealth, 24 00:01:51,005 --> 00:01:53,525 Speaker 3: and so on with everything that one could wish for 25 00:01:53,605 --> 00:01:58,125 Speaker 3: on earth. The eleventh one had just pronounced her blessing 26 00:01:58,765 --> 00:02:04,845 Speaker 3: when the thirteenth one suddenly walked in. She wanted to 27 00:02:04,885 --> 00:02:08,085 Speaker 3: avenge herself for not having been invited, and without greeting 28 00:02:08,125 --> 00:02:10,365 Speaker 3: anyone or even looking at them, she cried out with 29 00:02:10,445 --> 00:02:13,765 Speaker 3: a loud voice, in the princess's fifteenth year, she shall 30 00:02:13,765 --> 00:02:17,525 Speaker 3: prick herself with a spindle and fall over dead. And 31 00:02:17,605 --> 00:02:21,085 Speaker 3: without saying another word, she turned around and left the hall. 32 00:02:26,245 --> 00:02:29,325 Speaker 3: Every One was horrified, and the twelfth wise Woman, who 33 00:02:29,325 --> 00:02:34,085 Speaker 3: had not yet offered her wish, stepped forward because she 34 00:02:34,165 --> 00:02:36,685 Speaker 3: was unable to undo the wicked wish, but only to 35 00:02:36,765 --> 00:02:40,525 Speaker 3: soften it. She said, it shall not be her death. 36 00:02:41,565 --> 00:02:45,645 Speaker 3: The princess will only fall into a hundred year deep asleep. 37 00:02:47,485 --> 00:02:50,325 Speaker 3: The king, wanting to rescue his dear child, issued an 38 00:02:50,445 --> 00:02:53,125 Speaker 3: order that all the spindles in the entire kingdom should 39 00:02:53,165 --> 00:02:56,965 Speaker 3: be burned. The wise Woman's gifts were all fulfilled on 40 00:02:57,005 --> 00:03:00,965 Speaker 3: the girl, for she was so beautiful, well behaved, friendly 41 00:03:01,005 --> 00:03:04,045 Speaker 3: and intelligent that anyone who saw her had to love 42 00:03:04,085 --> 00:03:07,925 Speaker 3: her now. It happened that on the day when she 43 00:03:07,965 --> 00:03:10,725 Speaker 3: turned fifteen years of age, the King and Queen were 44 00:03:10,765 --> 00:03:13,845 Speaker 3: not at home, and the girl was all alone in 45 00:03:13,885 --> 00:03:18,005 Speaker 3: the castle. She walked around from one place to the next, 46 00:03:18,405 --> 00:03:22,965 Speaker 3: looking into rooms and chambers as her heart desired. Finally 47 00:03:23,285 --> 00:03:26,765 Speaker 3: she came to an old tower. She climbed up the narrow, 48 00:03:26,805 --> 00:03:30,805 Speaker 3: winding stairs and arrived at a small door. In the lock, 49 00:03:30,885 --> 00:03:33,325 Speaker 3: there was a rusty key, and when she turned it, 50 00:03:33,685 --> 00:03:39,085 Speaker 3: the door sprang open. There in a small room sat 51 00:03:39,125 --> 00:03:42,365 Speaker 3: an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. 52 00:03:43,845 --> 00:03:47,085 Speaker 3: Good day, old woman, said the princess. What are you 53 00:03:47,125 --> 00:03:50,725 Speaker 3: doing there? I am spinning, said the old woman, nodding 54 00:03:50,725 --> 00:03:53,685 Speaker 3: her head. What is that thing that is so merrily 55 00:03:53,765 --> 00:03:56,285 Speaker 3: bouncing about, asked the girl, taking hold of the spindle, 56 00:03:56,485 --> 00:03:59,805 Speaker 3: for she too wanted to spin. She no sooner had 57 00:03:59,845 --> 00:04:02,605 Speaker 3: touched the spindle when the magic curse was fulfilled, as 58 00:04:02,685 --> 00:04:06,045 Speaker 3: she pricked herself in the finger the inn that she 59 00:04:06,085 --> 00:04:08,325 Speaker 3: felt the prick, she fell onto a bed that was 60 00:04:08,365 --> 00:04:11,685 Speaker 3: standing there, and she lay there in a deep sleep, 61 00:04:12,845 --> 00:04:18,885 Speaker 3: And this sleep spread throughout the entire castle. The King 62 00:04:18,925 --> 00:04:21,885 Speaker 3: and Queen, who had just returned home walked into the 63 00:04:21,925 --> 00:04:24,885 Speaker 3: hall and began falling asleep, and all of their attendants 64 00:04:24,925 --> 00:04:29,405 Speaker 3: as well. The horses fell asleep in their stalls, the 65 00:04:29,485 --> 00:04:32,085 Speaker 3: dogs in the courtyard, the pigeons on the roof, the 66 00:04:32,165 --> 00:04:34,245 Speaker 3: flies on the wall, and even the fire on the 67 00:04:34,285 --> 00:04:39,605 Speaker 3: hearth flickered and stopped moving and fell asleep. The roast 68 00:04:39,765 --> 00:04:42,205 Speaker 3: stopped sizzling. The cook, who was about to pull the 69 00:04:42,285 --> 00:04:44,925 Speaker 3: kitchen boy's hair for having done something wrong, let him 70 00:04:44,925 --> 00:04:50,085 Speaker 3: loose and fell asleep. The wind stopped blowing, and outside 71 00:04:50,085 --> 00:04:53,005 Speaker 3: the castle not a leaf was stirring. In the trees. 72 00:04:54,605 --> 00:04:57,645 Speaker 3: Round about the castle, A thorn hedge began to grow, 73 00:04:57,965 --> 00:05:01,245 Speaker 3: and every year it became higher, until it finally surrounded 74 00:05:01,245 --> 00:05:07,205 Speaker 3: and covered the entire castle. Finally, nothing at all could 75 00:05:07,245 --> 00:05:09,965 Speaker 3: be seen of it, not even the flag on the roof. 76 00:05:11,165 --> 00:05:14,645 Speaker 3: A legend circulated throughout the land about the beautiful, sleeping 77 00:05:14,725 --> 00:05:19,005 Speaker 3: little briar rose, for so the princess was called. Legends 78 00:05:19,085 --> 00:05:23,525 Speaker 3: also told that from time to time princes came, wanting 79 00:05:23,565 --> 00:05:27,165 Speaker 3: to force their way through the hedge into the castle. However, 80 00:05:27,205 --> 00:05:30,925 Speaker 3: they did not succeed, for the thorns held firmly together 81 00:05:31,005 --> 00:05:33,605 Speaker 3: as though they had hands, and the young men became 82 00:05:33,685 --> 00:05:37,845 Speaker 3: stuck in them, could not free themselves, and died miserably. 83 00:05:43,685 --> 00:05:47,885 Speaker 3: Many long, long years later, once again a prince came 84 00:05:47,925 --> 00:05:51,045 Speaker 3: to the country. He heard an old man telling about 85 00:05:51,045 --> 00:05:53,605 Speaker 3: the Thorn Hedge. It was said that there was a 86 00:05:53,605 --> 00:05:56,605 Speaker 3: castle behind it, in which a beautiful princess named Little 87 00:05:56,605 --> 00:06:00,685 Speaker 3: Briar Rose had been asleep for a hundred years, and 88 00:06:00,765 --> 00:06:03,765 Speaker 3: with her the King and Queen and all their royal 89 00:06:03,805 --> 00:06:08,405 Speaker 3: attendants were sleeping. He also knew from his grandfather that 90 00:06:08,485 --> 00:06:11,645 Speaker 3: many princes had come and tried to penetrate the Thorn Hedge, 91 00:06:12,045 --> 00:06:14,365 Speaker 3: but they had become stuck in it and died a 92 00:06:14,565 --> 00:06:19,725 Speaker 3: sorrowful death. Then the young men said, I am not afraid. 93 00:06:20,205 --> 00:06:22,925 Speaker 3: I will go there and see the beautiful Little Briar Rose. 94 00:06:24,405 --> 00:06:26,925 Speaker 3: However much the good old man tried to dissuade him, 95 00:06:26,965 --> 00:06:30,885 Speaker 3: the prince would not listen to his words. The hundred 96 00:06:30,965 --> 00:06:33,365 Speaker 3: years had just passed, and the day had come when 97 00:06:33,365 --> 00:06:37,285 Speaker 3: Little Briar Rose was to awaken. When the prince approached 98 00:06:37,285 --> 00:06:40,525 Speaker 3: the Thorn Hedge, it was nothing but large, beautiful flowers 99 00:06:40,525 --> 00:06:43,525 Speaker 3: that separated by themselves, allowing him to pass without harm, 100 00:06:44,205 --> 00:06:50,325 Speaker 3: but then behind him closed back into a hedge in 101 00:06:50,405 --> 00:06:53,445 Speaker 3: the courtyard, he saw the horses and spotted hunting dogs 102 00:06:53,525 --> 00:06:56,765 Speaker 3: lying there asleep, and on the roof the pigeons perched 103 00:06:56,765 --> 00:07:00,085 Speaker 3: with their little heads tucked under their wings. When he 104 00:07:00,125 --> 00:07:02,925 Speaker 3: walked inside, the flies were asleep on the wall. The 105 00:07:03,005 --> 00:07:04,965 Speaker 3: cook in the kitchen was holding up his hand as 106 00:07:04,965 --> 00:07:07,205 Speaker 3: if he wanted to grabbed the boy, and the maid 107 00:07:07,325 --> 00:07:09,165 Speaker 3: was sitting in front of the black chicken that was 108 00:07:09,205 --> 00:07:13,805 Speaker 3: supposed to be plucked. He walked further and saw all 109 00:07:13,845 --> 00:07:16,765 Speaker 3: the attendants lying asleep in the hall, and above them, 110 00:07:16,805 --> 00:07:18,845 Speaker 3: near the throne, the King and the Queen were lying. 111 00:07:20,805 --> 00:07:23,365 Speaker 3: He walked on still further, and it was so quiet 112 00:07:23,765 --> 00:07:27,445 Speaker 3: that he could hear his own breath. Finally, he came 113 00:07:27,485 --> 00:07:29,725 Speaker 3: to the tower and opened the door to the room 114 00:07:29,725 --> 00:07:34,805 Speaker 3: where Little Briar Rose was sleeping. There she lay, and 115 00:07:34,845 --> 00:07:36,685 Speaker 3: she was so beautiful that he could not take his 116 00:07:36,765 --> 00:07:40,125 Speaker 3: eyes off her. He bent over and gave her a kiss. 117 00:07:41,765 --> 00:07:44,045 Speaker 3: When he touched her with the kiss, little Briar Rose 118 00:07:44,125 --> 00:07:47,365 Speaker 3: opened her eyes, awoke and looked at him kindly. They 119 00:07:47,405 --> 00:07:50,205 Speaker 3: went downstairs together, and the King awoke, and the Queen 120 00:07:50,245 --> 00:07:52,245 Speaker 3: and all the royal attendants, and they looked at one 121 00:07:52,285 --> 00:07:56,125 Speaker 3: another in amazement. The horses in the courtyard stood up 122 00:07:56,205 --> 00:08:00,045 Speaker 3: and shook themselves. The hunting dogs jumped and ragged their tails. 123 00:08:00,685 --> 00:08:02,645 Speaker 3: The pigeons on the roof pulled their heads out from 124 00:08:02,645 --> 00:08:05,045 Speaker 3: beneath their wings, looked around, and flew into the field. 125 00:08:05,765 --> 00:08:08,405 Speaker 3: The flies on the walls crept around again. The fire 126 00:08:08,445 --> 00:08:10,725 Speaker 3: in the kitchen rose up, broke into flames, and cooked 127 00:08:10,765 --> 00:08:14,285 Speaker 3: the food. The roast began to sizzle once again. The 128 00:08:14,365 --> 00:08:17,245 Speaker 3: cook boxed the boy's ears, causing him to cry, and 129 00:08:17,285 --> 00:08:21,965 Speaker 3: the maid finished plucking the chicken. And then the Prince's 130 00:08:21,965 --> 00:08:25,645 Speaker 3: marriage to little Briar Rose was celebrated with great splendor, 131 00:08:26,165 --> 00:08:28,325 Speaker 3: and they lived happily until they died. 132 00:08:36,245 --> 00:08:38,805 Speaker 2: This fairy till was the most difficult one for me 133 00:08:38,845 --> 00:08:42,685 Speaker 2: to get through, because sleeping beauty isn't beautiful at all. 134 00:08:43,845 --> 00:08:47,085 Speaker 2: Stories of royal children being isolated from the world for 135 00:08:47,165 --> 00:08:51,325 Speaker 2: their protection dates back to ancient Egypt, in this case 136 00:08:51,485 --> 00:08:55,765 Speaker 2: around the eighteenth dynasty. The story known as the Doomed 137 00:08:55,845 --> 00:08:59,285 Speaker 2: Prince is a winding tale about a prince evading his fate. 138 00:09:00,125 --> 00:09:03,525 Speaker 2: A king wants a son more than anything. The gods 139 00:09:03,565 --> 00:09:06,765 Speaker 2: grant the king's wish, but the seven hath or fates, 140 00:09:07,085 --> 00:09:10,605 Speaker 2: predict the prince will die suddenly by a crocodile, serpent, 141 00:09:10,765 --> 00:09:15,325 Speaker 2: or dog. The king builds a royal house in the 142 00:09:15,325 --> 00:09:19,005 Speaker 2: middle of the mountains to protect his son from his fate. There, 143 00:09:19,125 --> 00:09:23,405 Speaker 2: the prince grows big and strong. One day, he climbs 144 00:09:23,405 --> 00:09:25,245 Speaker 2: to the roof and sees a man with a dog. 145 00:09:25,845 --> 00:09:28,805 Speaker 2: When the prince learns what the animal is, he begs 146 00:09:28,845 --> 00:09:34,125 Speaker 2: his father for one. Despite the curse, the king acquiesces 147 00:09:34,205 --> 00:09:38,845 Speaker 2: and gives the young prince a boar hunting puppy. As 148 00:09:38,885 --> 00:09:41,605 Speaker 2: the prince becomes a young man, he gets tired of 149 00:09:41,645 --> 00:09:44,965 Speaker 2: being locked up and petitions his father to travel. The 150 00:09:45,085 --> 00:09:48,165 Speaker 2: king relents and sends his son out with weapons and 151 00:09:48,205 --> 00:09:52,805 Speaker 2: his dog. The prince travels north until he comes upon 152 00:09:52,845 --> 00:09:56,885 Speaker 2: another kingdom. The chief fair has a beautiful daughter who 153 00:09:56,925 --> 00:10:00,685 Speaker 2: he keeps in a seven hundred foot tower with seventy windows. 154 00:10:01,365 --> 00:10:06,165 Speaker 2: Her beauty is famed across the land. The chief promised 155 00:10:06,245 --> 00:10:09,445 Speaker 2: whoever can climb the tower and reach her can have 156 00:10:09,485 --> 00:10:13,245 Speaker 2: her hand in marriage. The young prince asks to join 157 00:10:13,285 --> 00:10:16,845 Speaker 2: the other suitors in the climb, and they agree. As 158 00:10:16,885 --> 00:10:19,765 Speaker 2: he climbs, he and the maiden lock eyes, and when 159 00:10:19,805 --> 00:10:24,405 Speaker 2: he reaches the top, she embraces and kisses him. When 160 00:10:24,445 --> 00:10:26,965 Speaker 2: the chief discovers who reached the top of the tower, 161 00:10:27,325 --> 00:10:30,325 Speaker 2: he's angry that it was the Egyptian prince, for the 162 00:10:30,365 --> 00:10:32,765 Speaker 2: prince had told others of how he had left his 163 00:10:32,885 --> 00:10:37,205 Speaker 2: kingdom because he was fleeing from his stepmother. I'm unsure 164 00:10:37,285 --> 00:10:39,925 Speaker 2: if the prince is lying or if this was another 165 00:10:39,965 --> 00:10:43,045 Speaker 2: reason he wanted to leave his kingdom, because the story 166 00:10:43,125 --> 00:10:47,045 Speaker 2: doesn't say either way. The chief doesn't want his daughter 167 00:10:47,165 --> 00:10:51,445 Speaker 2: to marry an Egyptian fugitive. Two times the king tells 168 00:10:51,485 --> 00:10:54,965 Speaker 2: the prince to leave, and two times the chief's daughter protests. 169 00:10:56,245 --> 00:10:58,645 Speaker 2: The third time, the chief calls for the prince to 170 00:10:58,685 --> 00:11:02,325 Speaker 2: meet him. The prince is wary, but the chief receives 171 00:11:02,365 --> 00:11:05,365 Speaker 2: him with open arms and tells the prince he will 172 00:11:05,605 --> 00:11:08,645 Speaker 2: love him as if he were his own son. The 173 00:11:08,645 --> 00:11:13,365 Speaker 2: prince and chief's daughter Mary. The Egyptian prince then tells 174 00:11:13,365 --> 00:11:16,005 Speaker 2: the chief and his new wife about his fate, that 175 00:11:16,125 --> 00:11:19,885 Speaker 2: he will die from a serpent, crocodile, or dog. The 176 00:11:19,965 --> 00:11:23,125 Speaker 2: wife wants to kill the prince's dog because she's afraid 177 00:11:23,165 --> 00:11:26,165 Speaker 2: the animal will hurt her new husband, but the prince 178 00:11:26,205 --> 00:11:30,005 Speaker 2: would not have it. Later, the prince and his bride 179 00:11:30,045 --> 00:11:33,325 Speaker 2: returned to the prince's home in the mountains. But while 180 00:11:33,365 --> 00:11:36,245 Speaker 2: the prince has been away, a giant has taken residence 181 00:11:36,285 --> 00:11:39,765 Speaker 2: and his royal house. The giant won't let the prince 182 00:11:39,845 --> 00:11:43,045 Speaker 2: venture out after dark because a crocodile emerges from the 183 00:11:43,125 --> 00:11:46,805 Speaker 2: river each night. Two months go by, and the prince 184 00:11:46,885 --> 00:11:50,805 Speaker 2: holds a great feast. Later that same night, after he 185 00:11:50,845 --> 00:11:53,845 Speaker 2: has gone to bed, his wife sees a serpent rise 186 00:11:53,925 --> 00:11:57,205 Speaker 2: up to sting the prince. The princess orders a servant 187 00:11:57,325 --> 00:12:00,085 Speaker 2: to fill a bowl with milk and honeyed wine for 188 00:12:00,165 --> 00:12:03,645 Speaker 2: the snake to drink from. Once the snake is drunk, 189 00:12:03,725 --> 00:12:11,685 Speaker 2: the princess draws her dagger and slays the serpent. Many 190 00:12:11,765 --> 00:12:14,165 Speaker 2: days later, the prince and his dog take a walk 191 00:12:14,205 --> 00:12:17,565 Speaker 2: that leads him far from home. The dog catches an 192 00:12:17,605 --> 00:12:21,125 Speaker 2: animal in flight. The prince chases after them until they 193 00:12:21,165 --> 00:12:25,605 Speaker 2: reach a river bank. Now, the dog ends up beside 194 00:12:25,645 --> 00:12:28,525 Speaker 2: the crocodile, but the giant also happens to be there. 195 00:12:30,445 --> 00:12:33,845 Speaker 2: The giant bewitches the crocodile so the reptile can't harm 196 00:12:33,885 --> 00:12:37,485 Speaker 2: the prince, but the crocodile promises that if he and 197 00:12:37,525 --> 00:12:41,045 Speaker 2: the prince meet again, the prophecy will come true and 198 00:12:41,085 --> 00:12:46,445 Speaker 2: the prince will meet his doom, and this is where 199 00:12:46,485 --> 00:12:50,405 Speaker 2: the story ends. No one knows what happens next, and 200 00:12:50,525 --> 00:12:53,405 Speaker 2: no one ever will, because the end of the tail 201 00:12:54,045 --> 00:12:58,765 Speaker 2: was destroyed. The unknown author of the story wrote this 202 00:12:58,925 --> 00:13:02,285 Speaker 2: tale on a piece of papyrus, which was later stolen 203 00:13:02,325 --> 00:13:05,085 Speaker 2: by the British when they excavated the tomb of King 204 00:13:05,125 --> 00:13:08,405 Speaker 2: Into and put it on view at the British Museum 205 00:13:08,485 --> 00:13:12,605 Speaker 2: under the name Harris five hundred. The sheet contains love 206 00:13:12,645 --> 00:13:17,605 Speaker 2: poems and another story. Egyptologists have trace a tale back 207 00:13:17,645 --> 00:13:21,205 Speaker 2: to the Eighteenth Dynasty, which is from fifteen fifty BC 208 00:13:21,685 --> 00:13:25,005 Speaker 2: to twelve ninety two BC, but part of the scroll 209 00:13:25,085 --> 00:13:28,365 Speaker 2: was burned off, so the ending of the Doomed Prince 210 00:13:28,765 --> 00:13:33,685 Speaker 2: remains one of the greatest mysteries in folklore. This story 211 00:13:33,845 --> 00:13:37,205 Speaker 2: represents the deep ties the Egyptians had and believing that 212 00:13:37,245 --> 00:13:41,325 Speaker 2: a person's fate begins at their birth. In fact, one's 213 00:13:41,325 --> 00:13:44,045 Speaker 2: fate was integral to how they interacted with the world 214 00:13:44,125 --> 00:13:48,365 Speaker 2: around them, and The Doomed Prince might not seem like 215 00:13:48,405 --> 00:13:51,525 Speaker 2: a sleeping beauty tale at first glance, but the central 216 00:13:51,565 --> 00:13:55,005 Speaker 2: theme of agency and escaping one's fate aligned with the 217 00:13:55,005 --> 00:13:59,245 Speaker 2: sleeping beauty lineage. It also includes the idea of isolating 218 00:13:59,245 --> 00:14:02,725 Speaker 2: one's child, although in the prince's case it's for protection, 219 00:14:03,125 --> 00:14:07,485 Speaker 2: not a curse or punishment. Another story that could be 220 00:14:07,525 --> 00:14:11,965 Speaker 2: an early sleeping beauty tale comes from Norse mythology. It's 221 00:14:12,005 --> 00:14:16,045 Speaker 2: from the thirteenth century Icelandic saga called the Saga of 222 00:14:16,045 --> 00:14:21,525 Speaker 2: the volsungs Valkyrie. Princess Brunhild is tasked to decide the 223 00:14:21,565 --> 00:14:25,325 Speaker 2: winner and a war between two kings. She chooses Ognar 224 00:14:25,485 --> 00:14:28,885 Speaker 2: and kills the other king, but Odin, the ruler of 225 00:14:28,925 --> 00:14:32,605 Speaker 2: Asgard and father of Thor and Loki, wanted the other 226 00:14:32,725 --> 00:14:37,085 Speaker 2: king to win. In his anger, Odin strikes Princess Brunhild 227 00:14:37,085 --> 00:14:39,685 Speaker 2: with a sleeping thorn and puts her in a castle 228 00:14:39,765 --> 00:14:43,845 Speaker 2: surrounded by fire. However, the princess has the power to 229 00:14:43,925 --> 00:14:47,405 Speaker 2: modify her punishment and makes it so that only Sigurd 230 00:14:47,725 --> 00:14:50,765 Speaker 2: can ride through the fire and awaken her with a kiss. 231 00:14:51,245 --> 00:14:53,765 Speaker 2: When he comes to her, she wakes, and the two 232 00:14:53,845 --> 00:14:58,325 Speaker 2: spend three nights together and fall in love. Brunhild's story 233 00:14:58,445 --> 00:15:02,205 Speaker 2: is a long saga with adventure and betrayal, but this 234 00:15:02,245 --> 00:15:05,085 Speaker 2: is where we leave her. The slumber in her castle 235 00:15:05,205 --> 00:15:09,285 Speaker 2: is where her connection to Sleeping Beauty ends. So how 236 00:15:09,325 --> 00:15:11,885 Speaker 2: did this tale start from a doomed prince and a 237 00:15:11,965 --> 00:15:16,965 Speaker 2: valkyrie to become the third Disney Princess. Well, the next 238 00:15:16,965 --> 00:15:30,085 Speaker 2: story takes our princess down her darkest path yet. Sometime 239 00:15:30,125 --> 00:15:34,285 Speaker 2: between thirteen hundred and thirteen forty four, an anonymous author 240 00:15:34,325 --> 00:15:37,325 Speaker 2: wrote a tale called the Story of Troilus and the 241 00:15:37,365 --> 00:15:41,325 Speaker 2: Beautiful Zelandine. It was written in French and a region 242 00:15:41,365 --> 00:15:44,365 Speaker 2: of Europe called the Low Countries, which are Belgium, the 243 00:15:44,405 --> 00:15:49,165 Speaker 2: Netherlands and Luxembourg. The story appeared in a multi volume 244 00:15:49,165 --> 00:15:53,605 Speaker 2: collection called Perciferist. It's in book three where Prince Troylis 245 00:15:53,605 --> 00:15:57,525 Speaker 2: finds the sleeping Princess Celidine and what happens after he 246 00:15:57,605 --> 00:16:02,165 Speaker 2: finds her is horrific. When Zeladeine was a baby, she 247 00:16:02,365 --> 00:16:05,445 Speaker 2: was cursed by the goddess Themis, who presided over her 248 00:16:05,565 --> 00:16:09,805 Speaker 2: her birth with two other goddesses. themUS was angered that 249 00:16:09,885 --> 00:16:12,925 Speaker 2: she wasn't given as nice a knife as the other two, 250 00:16:13,605 --> 00:16:17,565 Speaker 2: so Themis cast her curse. She said, when Zeladein touched 251 00:16:17,605 --> 00:16:20,525 Speaker 2: a piece of flax, it would stab her finger and 252 00:16:20,605 --> 00:16:22,925 Speaker 2: put her into a sleep from which she could not 253 00:16:23,085 --> 00:16:26,965 Speaker 2: be awakened, but Venus, one of the other two goddesses 254 00:16:27,005 --> 00:16:30,485 Speaker 2: at the birth, decided to use her powers to save Zeladeine. 255 00:16:31,845 --> 00:16:34,485 Speaker 2: There are different interpretations of the next part, but what 256 00:16:34,605 --> 00:16:39,605 Speaker 2: happens to Zeladeine remains the same. Venus sends Zeladein's love 257 00:16:39,725 --> 00:16:43,325 Speaker 2: Troilis to save her. He rides a bird to Zeladin's 258 00:16:43,405 --> 00:16:48,005 Speaker 2: room in the tower. Once there, he finds her asleep naked. 259 00:16:48,565 --> 00:16:51,525 Speaker 2: Although Troilis is nervous and knows better than to touch 260 00:16:51,565 --> 00:16:54,685 Speaker 2: a maiden while she sleeps, he reminds himself of the 261 00:16:54,725 --> 00:16:58,925 Speaker 2: healing power of kisses. He asks the dormant Zeladein if 262 00:16:58,925 --> 00:17:03,925 Speaker 2: he can kiss her. With no answer, he proceeds. When 263 00:17:04,005 --> 00:17:07,845 Speaker 2: she does not wake, he is beside himself, but then 264 00:17:08,205 --> 00:17:11,005 Speaker 2: the goddess Venus pushes him to have sex with the 265 00:17:11,045 --> 00:17:16,205 Speaker 2: sleeping Zeladein. At first, Troilis hesitates, but then is overcome 266 00:17:16,285 --> 00:17:21,205 Speaker 2: with desire. The text says he takes Celandine's quote write 267 00:17:21,285 --> 00:17:24,925 Speaker 2: to the name of maiden. Afterward, he jumps back on 268 00:17:24,965 --> 00:17:29,965 Speaker 2: the bird and flies away. Nine months later, Zeladeine gives 269 00:17:29,965 --> 00:17:33,005 Speaker 2: birth to a son. She wakes up when the baby 270 00:17:33,085 --> 00:17:36,965 Speaker 2: sucks the splinter out of her thumb. Zeladein and Troilis 271 00:17:37,045 --> 00:17:42,085 Speaker 2: are then reunited. Zeladein struggles with guilt but ultimately loves Troilis. 272 00:17:45,325 --> 00:17:48,725 Speaker 2: I couldn't believe this was a sleeping beauty story. It's 273 00:17:48,765 --> 00:17:51,485 Speaker 2: so far removed from the Walt Disney film I grew 274 00:17:51,565 --> 00:17:54,805 Speaker 2: up on. I didn't really care for the Walt Disney film, 275 00:17:55,045 --> 00:17:58,965 Speaker 2: but still I was horrified to learn Zeladein had been raped, 276 00:17:59,285 --> 00:18:04,245 Speaker 2: and angry, angry that she wasn't protected, and disgusted that 277 00:18:04,325 --> 00:18:07,365 Speaker 2: it was another woman who encourage this to happen to her, 278 00:18:07,685 --> 00:18:12,845 Speaker 2: regardless of the fact that she's a goddess. Unfortunately, throughout 279 00:18:12,885 --> 00:18:16,965 Speaker 2: the centuries, sexual assault is common and sleeping beauty tales. 280 00:18:17,725 --> 00:18:21,525 Speaker 2: It's also typical to have mythic god's encouraging bad behavior 281 00:18:21,565 --> 00:18:25,365 Speaker 2: among humans or doing it themselves, like in Leda and 282 00:18:25,405 --> 00:18:28,845 Speaker 2: the Swan, where the Greek god Zeus disguises himself as 283 00:18:28,885 --> 00:18:33,405 Speaker 2: a swan and rapes and impregnates the human Lina. We 284 00:18:33,525 --> 00:18:36,285 Speaker 2: don't know who the writer is of Zeladein's story, but 285 00:18:36,445 --> 00:18:39,885 Speaker 2: it's apparent they knew rape is wrong. That is made 286 00:18:40,005 --> 00:18:43,725 Speaker 2: clear from what Troylis says about understanding consent and him 287 00:18:43,765 --> 00:18:47,085 Speaker 2: feeling bad. There is also part in the story where 288 00:18:47,205 --> 00:18:50,325 Speaker 2: Zeladein makes a sound while he's raping her and he 289 00:18:50,365 --> 00:18:54,645 Speaker 2: pulls back ready to act all innocent. This tale stays 290 00:18:54,685 --> 00:18:57,725 Speaker 2: true to the central themes in many sleeping beauty stories, 291 00:18:58,125 --> 00:19:01,565 Speaker 2: a lack of agency or inability to escape your fate. 292 00:19:02,765 --> 00:19:06,125 Speaker 2: In this version, Zeladeine has no say in what happens 293 00:19:06,165 --> 00:19:10,485 Speaker 2: to her. As for Toilis, this story presents Venus driving 294 00:19:10,565 --> 00:19:15,325 Speaker 2: him to override his judgment or to indulge in his lust. 295 00:19:16,245 --> 00:19:18,925 Speaker 2: It could be interpreted that none of us have agency 296 00:19:18,965 --> 00:19:22,565 Speaker 2: over our lives, which would make sense considering how strongly 297 00:19:22,605 --> 00:19:25,525 Speaker 2: people followed religion back in those days. Because a lack 298 00:19:25,525 --> 00:19:28,845 Speaker 2: of human agency in the face of the supernatural tracks 299 00:19:28,845 --> 00:19:31,965 Speaker 2: with the Catholic belief systems that govern every part of 300 00:19:32,045 --> 00:19:38,125 Speaker 2: life in the Middle Ages. Then in sixteen thirty four, 301 00:19:38,485 --> 00:19:44,285 Speaker 2: Italian author John Patiste Bazille published Sun, Moon and Talia. 302 00:19:44,365 --> 00:19:47,765 Speaker 2: His story is similar to Zeladine's, but he treats the 303 00:19:47,885 --> 00:19:54,525 Speaker 2: rape trope in a less compassionate way. A great lord 304 00:19:54,645 --> 00:19:58,005 Speaker 2: asks some wise men and astrologers to predict the future 305 00:19:58,125 --> 00:20:01,285 Speaker 2: of his daughter Talia. They say she will be endangered 306 00:20:01,285 --> 00:20:03,845 Speaker 2: by the splinter from a piece of flax. The plant 307 00:20:03,965 --> 00:20:07,565 Speaker 2: used to make linen. The lord then forbade all flax 308 00:20:07,765 --> 00:20:12,085 Speaker 2: from entering his house. Years later, when the girl is grown, 309 00:20:12,325 --> 00:20:16,525 Speaker 2: she sees a woman spinning and is curious. Talia asks 310 00:20:16,565 --> 00:20:18,805 Speaker 2: the woman to come to her and begins playing with 311 00:20:18,845 --> 00:20:22,885 Speaker 2: a distaff or spindle and the flax yarn winds around 312 00:20:22,965 --> 00:20:26,325 Speaker 2: while spinning, but Talia gets a splinter under her nail 313 00:20:26,525 --> 00:20:32,805 Speaker 2: and immediately falls down dead. The terrified old woman runs away. 314 00:20:33,605 --> 00:20:36,325 Speaker 2: The lord is so distraught he has his daughter placed 315 00:20:36,405 --> 00:20:39,005 Speaker 2: upon a bed in one of their country homes and 316 00:20:39,045 --> 00:20:44,885 Speaker 2: then closes the doors forever. After a time, a king 317 00:20:44,965 --> 00:20:47,045 Speaker 2: is hunting in the woods when one of his falcons 318 00:20:47,045 --> 00:20:50,285 Speaker 2: flies off. He sees the bird fly through a window 319 00:20:50,365 --> 00:20:53,365 Speaker 2: of a shuttered house, and he uses a ladder to 320 00:20:53,405 --> 00:20:57,245 Speaker 2: climb through the same window. He doesn't find anyone in 321 00:20:57,285 --> 00:21:01,085 Speaker 2: the house until he happens upon Talia's body in the parlor. 322 00:21:02,405 --> 00:21:05,165 Speaker 2: He is so struck by her beauty that he carries 323 00:21:05,165 --> 00:21:08,525 Speaker 2: her to a bed where he quote gathered the first 324 00:21:08,565 --> 00:21:12,485 Speaker 2: fruits of love. Then he leaves and thinks nothing of it. 325 00:21:13,925 --> 00:21:18,405 Speaker 2: Nine months later, Talia gives birth to twins. Fairies try 326 00:21:18,445 --> 00:21:21,245 Speaker 2: to help the babies find her nipples, but when they can't, 327 00:21:21,605 --> 00:21:24,925 Speaker 2: the two babies begin to suck at her fingers. The 328 00:21:24,965 --> 00:21:28,045 Speaker 2: splinter of the flax comes out, and Talia wakes as 329 00:21:28,085 --> 00:21:32,765 Speaker 2: if from a long sleep. Upon waking to her two children, 330 00:21:33,085 --> 00:21:36,605 Speaker 2: Talia finds them dearer to her than her own life. 331 00:21:36,685 --> 00:21:37,565 Speaker 3: She names them. 332 00:21:37,525 --> 00:21:42,085 Speaker 2: Sun and Moon. As time goes on, the king finds 333 00:21:42,165 --> 00:21:45,285 Speaker 2: himself thinking of Talia and decides to hunt again in 334 00:21:45,325 --> 00:21:48,645 Speaker 2: that part of the forest. This time he finds not 335 00:21:48,725 --> 00:21:52,965 Speaker 2: only her, but also the twins. The king explains that 336 00:21:53,045 --> 00:21:54,965 Speaker 2: it is he who had sex with her while she 337 00:21:55,045 --> 00:21:58,685 Speaker 2: slept and father the twins. The two become friends while 338 00:21:58,685 --> 00:22:01,485 Speaker 2: he stays with her for a few days before promising 339 00:22:01,525 --> 00:22:04,685 Speaker 2: to return and take her to his kingdom. But when 340 00:22:04,725 --> 00:22:08,685 Speaker 2: he gets back, he can't sleep. He's preoccupied with thoughts 341 00:22:08,685 --> 00:22:13,045 Speaker 2: of Talia, Sun and Moon. The king has a wife 342 00:22:13,205 --> 00:22:17,365 Speaker 2: who now suspects something isn't right and becomes jealous. She 343 00:22:17,485 --> 00:22:20,685 Speaker 2: threatens a king's secretary into telling her what's going on. 344 00:22:21,405 --> 00:22:24,485 Speaker 2: When he does, the queen orders a secretary to go 345 00:22:24,565 --> 00:22:27,605 Speaker 2: to Talia and ask for Sun and Moon to accompany 346 00:22:27,725 --> 00:22:31,165 Speaker 2: him back to the kingdom because the king wishes to 347 00:22:31,205 --> 00:22:35,725 Speaker 2: see them. With great joy. Talia does as she's told. 348 00:22:36,605 --> 00:22:39,205 Speaker 2: The queen then commands a cook to kill the kids 349 00:22:39,245 --> 00:22:41,685 Speaker 2: and serve them to the king, but the cook is 350 00:22:41,765 --> 00:22:47,885 Speaker 2: tenderhearted and cannot. Instead, he serves two lambs. The Queen's 351 00:22:48,005 --> 00:22:51,725 Speaker 2: rage isn't satisfied, and she bids a secretary to bring 352 00:22:51,805 --> 00:22:54,925 Speaker 2: Talia to her under the guise of the king wanting 353 00:22:54,965 --> 00:22:58,765 Speaker 2: to see her. When Talia arrives, the queen blames her 354 00:22:58,805 --> 00:23:01,965 Speaker 2: for her husband's misdeeds and has a large fire built 355 00:23:01,965 --> 00:23:06,725 Speaker 2: in the courtyard for Talia to be thrown into. Before 356 00:23:06,885 --> 00:23:09,965 Speaker 2: being tossed in the flames, Talia asks if she can 357 00:23:10,045 --> 00:23:13,405 Speaker 2: at least remove her robes, and the greedy queen says yes, 358 00:23:14,045 --> 00:23:19,085 Speaker 2: eyeing the golden pearls from Talia's magnificent gown. As Talia 359 00:23:19,125 --> 00:23:24,125 Speaker 2: removes each piece, she lets out a scream. Talia lets 360 00:23:24,125 --> 00:23:26,885 Speaker 2: out the loudest will as she takes off the last 361 00:23:26,965 --> 00:23:30,925 Speaker 2: piece of clothing. The king arrives as she is about 362 00:23:30,925 --> 00:23:34,605 Speaker 2: to be tossed into the fires. The king, learning of 363 00:23:34,685 --> 00:23:38,525 Speaker 2: his queen's misdeeds, tosses her and the secretary into the fire. 364 00:23:40,325 --> 00:23:43,165 Speaker 2: The cook is spared and rewarded for saving the children. 365 00:23:44,285 --> 00:23:47,285 Speaker 2: The king marries Talia and the family of four enjoy 366 00:23:47,365 --> 00:23:52,005 Speaker 2: their life to the last of their days. The moral 367 00:23:52,045 --> 00:23:55,205 Speaker 2: Basillie wrote at the end of the story says, those 368 00:23:55,245 --> 00:23:58,845 Speaker 2: whom fortune favors find good luck even in their sleep. 369 00:24:03,925 --> 00:24:06,845 Speaker 2: I had such a hard time with this story. It's 370 00:24:06,925 --> 00:24:10,565 Speaker 2: the first time I found myself crying because what happened 371 00:24:10,565 --> 00:24:14,965 Speaker 2: to these women is absolutely heartbreaking. But then you add 372 00:24:14,965 --> 00:24:20,285 Speaker 2: this moral, and what the fuck? This moral is downright andsane. 373 00:24:21,085 --> 00:24:24,605 Speaker 2: Not only is Basilli's version almost worse because a king 374 00:24:24,725 --> 00:24:30,005 Speaker 2: thinks he did nothing wrong, but neither does Talia. If anything, 375 00:24:30,285 --> 00:24:32,765 Speaker 2: the moral at the end of this tale feels like 376 00:24:32,845 --> 00:24:35,645 Speaker 2: it's saying Talia should be thankful a king chose to 377 00:24:35,725 --> 00:24:40,165 Speaker 2: rape her. There is such a different perspective of rape 378 00:24:40,165 --> 00:24:44,365 Speaker 2: between Basilei and the unknown author. Zeladein's story was about 379 00:24:44,405 --> 00:24:47,005 Speaker 2: a goddess trying to save her from a curse, although 380 00:24:47,125 --> 00:24:49,805 Speaker 2: saving someone through the act of rape is just about 381 00:24:49,805 --> 00:24:53,805 Speaker 2: as messed up as you can get. But as I 382 00:24:53,845 --> 00:24:57,525 Speaker 2: said previously, there are elements in the story that shows 383 00:24:57,645 --> 00:25:02,405 Speaker 2: the characters new rape was wrong. But in Talia's story 384 00:25:02,605 --> 00:25:06,005 Speaker 2: there is no remorse or anything to elude to rape 385 00:25:06,085 --> 00:25:09,805 Speaker 2: being considered wrong. Instead, it's used as a way for 386 00:25:09,845 --> 00:25:13,445 Speaker 2: the king to get his happily. Ever, after all of 387 00:25:13,485 --> 00:25:18,045 Speaker 2: it is mind boggling, and not in a good way. 388 00:25:20,925 --> 00:25:24,845 Speaker 2: French author Charles Perrot's story builds off of Bazilli's story, 389 00:25:25,245 --> 00:25:29,165 Speaker 2: but thank goodness, not in the way you think. In 390 00:25:29,485 --> 00:25:32,885 Speaker 2: The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood, seven resident fairies of 391 00:25:32,925 --> 00:25:35,845 Speaker 2: a kingdom are invited to celebrate the birth of a princess. 392 00:25:36,405 --> 00:25:40,285 Speaker 2: As the bank would start. Another older fairy arrives. No 393 00:25:40,285 --> 00:25:42,965 Speaker 2: one had invited her because they all thought she was 394 00:25:43,045 --> 00:25:46,445 Speaker 2: dead or bewitched. The king tries to have a place 395 00:25:46,485 --> 00:25:49,485 Speaker 2: set for her, but only seven settings had been made. 396 00:25:50,165 --> 00:25:53,525 Speaker 2: The fairy thinks they slighted her on purpose, so as 397 00:25:53,525 --> 00:25:57,525 Speaker 2: her gift, she curses the princess. She says the girl 398 00:25:57,565 --> 00:26:00,245 Speaker 2: will prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die, 399 00:26:01,445 --> 00:26:05,045 Speaker 2: But a younger fairy who hid behind a tapestry comes 400 00:26:05,085 --> 00:26:08,645 Speaker 2: forward changes the curse so that the girl will sleep 401 00:26:08,685 --> 00:26:11,605 Speaker 2: for one hundred years, at which time a prince will 402 00:26:11,605 --> 00:26:16,005 Speaker 2: awaken her. When the girl reaches fifteen or sixteen, she 403 00:26:16,125 --> 00:26:18,845 Speaker 2: is exploring the castle and climbs to the top of 404 00:26:18,885 --> 00:26:22,365 Speaker 2: a tower, where she comes upon a woman spinning. The 405 00:26:22,445 --> 00:26:25,765 Speaker 2: young princess pricks her finger on the wheel and falls 406 00:26:25,845 --> 00:26:30,885 Speaker 2: into a deep sleep. The seven fairies then put everyone 407 00:26:30,925 --> 00:26:34,125 Speaker 2: else to sleep except the king and queen, although the 408 00:26:34,205 --> 00:26:38,365 Speaker 2: story doesn't say why the two were the exception. Within 409 00:26:38,485 --> 00:26:42,765 Speaker 2: fifteen minutes, a dense forest of brambles and thorns encompasses 410 00:26:42,805 --> 00:26:47,005 Speaker 2: the castle and hides a sleeping princess and slumbering citizens 411 00:26:47,005 --> 00:26:51,325 Speaker 2: from prying eyes. One hundred years pass and another king 412 00:26:51,365 --> 00:26:54,005 Speaker 2: and queen sit on the throne and a different castle. 413 00:26:54,085 --> 00:26:57,325 Speaker 2: Of course, the prince is hunting when he sees a 414 00:26:57,365 --> 00:27:01,045 Speaker 2: tower in the distance. He's heard many rumors about the tower, 415 00:27:01,565 --> 00:27:04,885 Speaker 2: including one that tells of an ogre capturing children and 416 00:27:04,965 --> 00:27:07,965 Speaker 2: dragging them into the forest to eat, But when he 417 00:27:07,965 --> 00:27:11,205 Speaker 2: hears the story of a sleeping princess waiting to be 418 00:27:11,245 --> 00:27:15,005 Speaker 2: awakened by a prince, he instantly heads that way. Intrigued 419 00:27:17,165 --> 00:27:20,645 Speaker 2: when he arrives, the thorns and brambles part before him. 420 00:27:21,485 --> 00:27:23,285 Speaker 2: He makes his way to the top of the tower 421 00:27:23,405 --> 00:27:26,765 Speaker 2: and sees the beautiful princess. He falls to his knees 422 00:27:26,805 --> 00:27:30,325 Speaker 2: beside her, and at that moment their curses lifted and 423 00:27:30,405 --> 00:27:35,525 Speaker 2: she wakes up. In Pirout's story, the prince does not 424 00:27:35,805 --> 00:27:39,285 Speaker 2: kiss the princess to break the curse, is it you, 425 00:27:39,485 --> 00:27:42,685 Speaker 2: dear prince, She says, you have been long in coming. 426 00:27:43,765 --> 00:27:46,685 Speaker 2: As she slept, the fairies had blessed the princess with 427 00:27:46,845 --> 00:27:49,885 Speaker 2: pleasant dreams so she would be prepared to meet the prince. 428 00:27:51,005 --> 00:27:53,565 Speaker 2: The prince, on the other hand, is shy and awkward 429 00:27:53,925 --> 00:27:56,925 Speaker 2: and not ready for this, but her words are pleasing 430 00:27:56,965 --> 00:28:00,085 Speaker 2: to him, and the two fall in love. They talk 431 00:28:00,205 --> 00:28:04,165 Speaker 2: for hours. Meanwhile, the other people in the castle wake up, 432 00:28:04,285 --> 00:28:08,565 Speaker 2: and they are hungry. Finally, the two lovers are interrupted 433 00:28:08,645 --> 00:28:14,085 Speaker 2: and called to dinner. After supper, they marry. When the 434 00:28:14,125 --> 00:28:17,045 Speaker 2: prince returns to his home the next day, he lies 435 00:28:17,085 --> 00:28:20,405 Speaker 2: and tells his parents he got lost. His mother doesn't 436 00:28:20,445 --> 00:28:23,805 Speaker 2: believe him. The prince hides his marriage for the next 437 00:28:23,845 --> 00:28:27,525 Speaker 2: two years, but his mother notices that he slips away 438 00:28:27,645 --> 00:28:30,405 Speaker 2: two to three nights a week and is sure he's 439 00:28:30,445 --> 00:28:34,165 Speaker 2: meeting a lover. During this time, the prince and princess 440 00:28:34,205 --> 00:28:37,605 Speaker 2: have two kids. The first is a daughter named Dawn. 441 00:28:37,885 --> 00:28:41,605 Speaker 2: The second is a boy named Day. The queen keeps 442 00:28:41,645 --> 00:28:44,085 Speaker 2: trying to get the prince to spill his secret, but 443 00:28:44,125 --> 00:28:47,445 Speaker 2: he won't. He is scared of his mother, who comes 444 00:28:47,445 --> 00:28:50,085 Speaker 2: from a line of ogres and has a hard time 445 00:28:50,165 --> 00:28:54,885 Speaker 2: controlling herself around children. But after two years, the king 446 00:28:55,005 --> 00:28:59,365 Speaker 2: dies and the prince takes the throne. He then announces 447 00:28:59,405 --> 00:29:02,645 Speaker 2: his marriage and brings forth his wife and two children. 448 00:29:03,725 --> 00:29:06,685 Speaker 2: Not long after, the country goes to war and the 449 00:29:06,725 --> 00:29:09,965 Speaker 2: new king has to leave for the summer. He entrusts 450 00:29:10,005 --> 00:29:12,805 Speaker 2: his wife and kids to his mother, the Queen Regent. 451 00:29:13,805 --> 00:29:16,205 Speaker 2: The queen sends a family to the country to help 452 00:29:16,245 --> 00:29:19,725 Speaker 2: stifle her cravings, but the next time she visits them, 453 00:29:20,005 --> 00:29:23,605 Speaker 2: she tells the steward to cook dawn for supper. When 454 00:29:23,645 --> 00:29:27,565 Speaker 2: it's time to kill the girl, the steward cannot. Instead, 455 00:29:27,925 --> 00:29:31,085 Speaker 2: the steward's wife hides dawn and he serves lamb to 456 00:29:31,125 --> 00:29:35,725 Speaker 2: the queen. Eight days later, the queen once again summons 457 00:29:35,725 --> 00:29:38,525 Speaker 2: a steward. This time she tells him she will eat 458 00:29:38,685 --> 00:29:42,405 Speaker 2: day for supper. Again, the steward serves lamb while his 459 00:29:42,485 --> 00:29:46,365 Speaker 2: wife hides a boy. Then the queen approaches the steward 460 00:29:46,445 --> 00:29:49,685 Speaker 2: a third time, asking for the princess to be served 461 00:29:49,725 --> 00:29:53,485 Speaker 2: in the same sauls her children are served in. The 462 00:29:53,525 --> 00:29:56,445 Speaker 2: steward means to kill the princess, thinking he has no 463 00:29:56,565 --> 00:30:00,205 Speaker 2: way out, but in the end he cannot. His wife 464 00:30:00,325 --> 00:30:03,245 Speaker 2: hides her too, and the steward finds another animal to 465 00:30:03,285 --> 00:30:07,605 Speaker 2: serve the queen la The queen overhears the two children 466 00:30:07,645 --> 00:30:10,765 Speaker 2: and the princess. When she learns she has been tricked, 467 00:30:10,965 --> 00:30:13,285 Speaker 2: she orders a vat to be filled with as many 468 00:30:13,325 --> 00:30:18,245 Speaker 2: creatures as possible, vipers and toads, and snakes and serpents 469 00:30:18,245 --> 00:30:21,885 Speaker 2: of every kind. The princess and her two kids are 470 00:30:21,925 --> 00:30:25,085 Speaker 2: brought out with their hands tied behind their backs. As 471 00:30:25,125 --> 00:30:27,325 Speaker 2: they are about to be tossed into the vat, the 472 00:30:27,405 --> 00:30:31,805 Speaker 2: king rides up. He's arrived earlier than expected. At such 473 00:30:31,805 --> 00:30:35,285 Speaker 2: a turn of events, the queen tosses herself into the vat. 474 00:30:37,045 --> 00:30:39,805 Speaker 2: The king is at first upset that he loses his mother, 475 00:30:40,125 --> 00:30:42,845 Speaker 2: but in the end he finds peace with his wife 476 00:30:42,845 --> 00:30:48,525 Speaker 2: and beautiful kids. As with Little Red riding Hood, Perrot 477 00:30:48,565 --> 00:30:53,245 Speaker 2: adds a moral to the end of this story. Too 478 00:30:53,565 --> 00:30:56,525 Speaker 2: many a girl has waited long for a husband brave 479 00:30:56,725 --> 00:30:59,845 Speaker 2: or strong. But I'm sure I never met any sort 480 00:30:59,885 --> 00:31:03,045 Speaker 2: of woman yet who could wait a hundred years, free 481 00:31:03,045 --> 00:31:07,085 Speaker 2: from fretting, free from fears. Now, our story seems to 482 00:31:07,125 --> 00:31:10,565 Speaker 2: show that a century or so later, early matters not 483 00:31:10,965 --> 00:31:14,485 Speaker 2: true love comes by fairy lot. Some old folk will 484 00:31:14,525 --> 00:31:18,325 Speaker 2: even say it grows better by delay. Yet this good advice, 485 00:31:18,365 --> 00:31:22,645 Speaker 2: I fear helps us neither there nor hear. Though philosophers 486 00:31:22,645 --> 00:31:25,925 Speaker 2: may prate how much wiser tis to wait, maids will 487 00:31:25,965 --> 00:31:29,245 Speaker 2: be a sighing still young blood must when young blood will. 488 00:31:34,045 --> 00:31:38,045 Speaker 2: Despite the many adventures throughout the story, Pero's moral was simple. 489 00:31:38,525 --> 00:31:42,405 Speaker 2: He advocated to take time falling in love A complete 490 00:31:42,485 --> 00:31:46,045 Speaker 2: one to eighty from bazile A, I will say, for 491 00:31:46,085 --> 00:31:49,285 Speaker 2: the time period Perou lived in and wrote his versions 492 00:31:49,325 --> 00:31:52,445 Speaker 2: of Little Red, Riding Hood and Sleeping Beauty, he was 493 00:31:52,565 --> 00:31:55,365 Speaker 2: kinder to women than most in an era that wasn't 494 00:31:55,445 --> 00:31:59,605 Speaker 2: even remotely woman forward. There's discussion on if he was 495 00:31:59,645 --> 00:32:03,165 Speaker 2: a feminist. Even though he was kinder toward women, his 496 00:32:03,365 --> 00:32:07,005 Speaker 2: version of feminism was held through the male gaze, which 497 00:32:07,045 --> 00:32:10,365 Speaker 2: is that women were meant to uphold moral character regardless 498 00:32:10,405 --> 00:32:14,085 Speaker 2: of what happened to them. But other than the doomed prince, 499 00:32:14,525 --> 00:32:16,925 Speaker 2: Perot's tale is the only one not to involve a 500 00:32:17,005 --> 00:32:20,365 Speaker 2: kiss or rape, or any unconsenting touch to Wig the 501 00:32:20,405 --> 00:32:25,605 Speaker 2: sleeping Maiden. However, the princess still doesn't have agency, and 502 00:32:25,765 --> 00:32:29,605 Speaker 2: she still relies on the prince to save her. Once 503 00:32:29,685 --> 00:32:31,845 Speaker 2: the story made its way to the Brothers Grim, though 504 00:32:31,965 --> 00:32:35,525 Speaker 2: the kiss was back. The brothers Grim heard this story 505 00:32:35,565 --> 00:32:38,605 Speaker 2: through the hausen Fluch sisters, who we learned about in 506 00:32:38,685 --> 00:32:42,205 Speaker 2: the Little Red riding Hood episode, and the brothers almost 507 00:32:42,245 --> 00:32:45,725 Speaker 2: rejected adding Sleeping Beauty or Briar Rose as she was 508 00:32:45,725 --> 00:32:48,005 Speaker 2: called in their version of the tale to their collection. 509 00:32:48,845 --> 00:32:51,645 Speaker 2: They knew the story was by Perrot and therefore it 510 00:32:51,725 --> 00:32:55,245 Speaker 2: wasn't German enough, But it was Brunehild's story in the 511 00:32:55,325 --> 00:32:59,445 Speaker 2: Norse Mythology Saga that convinced the brothers it was authentically German. 512 00:33:01,165 --> 00:33:04,205 Speaker 2: Notice how Brunehild and the Egyptian prince had agency in 513 00:33:04,245 --> 00:33:07,445 Speaker 2: their tales. They might have been cursed, but both took 514 00:33:07,525 --> 00:33:11,925 Speaker 2: action to change their fates. Not so Frizelendine and Talia, 515 00:33:11,965 --> 00:33:15,125 Speaker 2: who are fully stripped of all agency. It did not 516 00:33:15,285 --> 00:33:18,245 Speaker 2: matter what they did, they could not escape their fate. 517 00:33:19,765 --> 00:33:23,205 Speaker 2: Even though Pirot's story is the kindest to Maidan's, Sleeping 518 00:33:23,245 --> 00:33:26,325 Speaker 2: Beauty continue to be a passive character through both his 519 00:33:26,525 --> 00:33:30,005 Speaker 2: and the Grim stories. So the big question now is 520 00:33:30,565 --> 00:33:49,605 Speaker 2: has that changed today? On January twenty ninth, nineteen fifty nine, 521 00:33:49,645 --> 00:33:54,165 Speaker 2: Walt Disney released its third animated Princess film Sleeping Beauty. 522 00:33:54,885 --> 00:33:58,365 Speaker 2: It was largely based on Perrot's version of the tale, 523 00:33:58,445 --> 00:34:02,725 Speaker 2: but unlike Cinderella and snow White, we barely see or 524 00:34:02,845 --> 00:34:07,725 Speaker 2: hear from the Princess Aurora, only eighteen lines and a 525 00:34:07,805 --> 00:34:11,805 Speaker 2: little less than eighteen minutes of screen time, and of course, 526 00:34:12,005 --> 00:34:16,005 Speaker 2: the prince kisses her without consent. To top that off, 527 00:34:16,165 --> 00:34:19,805 Speaker 2: Aurora doesn't say a word after she has awakened, and 528 00:34:19,885 --> 00:34:23,525 Speaker 2: again she's powerless over of fate already decided for her. 529 00:34:24,685 --> 00:34:29,085 Speaker 2: Contemporary versions have also focused on other characters in the story, 530 00:34:29,845 --> 00:34:34,005 Speaker 2: like we've seen with Rumpel, Stilskin and the Wolf, storytellers 531 00:34:34,125 --> 00:34:38,205 Speaker 2: focused on the villain and Sleeping Beauty. In twenty fourteen, 532 00:34:38,525 --> 00:34:43,005 Speaker 2: Disney released the feature length film Molificent, starring Angelina Jolie. 533 00:34:44,045 --> 00:34:47,525 Speaker 2: Doctor Claudia Schwabe is a professor of German studies at 534 00:34:47,605 --> 00:34:51,765 Speaker 2: Utah State University. She says, even though the movie puts 535 00:34:51,805 --> 00:34:55,805 Speaker 2: the evil fairy in context, it revives similar themes to 536 00:34:55,845 --> 00:35:00,205 Speaker 2: the medieval tales, including sexual assault. 537 00:35:00,525 --> 00:35:06,645 Speaker 1: This entire film is mostly about Malificent and not Sleeping Beauty, right, 538 00:35:06,725 --> 00:35:09,525 Speaker 1: so she sort of fades into the background a little bit, 539 00:35:10,125 --> 00:35:15,285 Speaker 1: but it's all about Maleficent's backstory and the attempt to 540 00:35:15,405 --> 00:35:22,045 Speaker 1: then rehabilitate the villain to enlighten the audience why did 541 00:35:22,125 --> 00:35:25,525 Speaker 1: she even turn evil in the first place. But what's 542 00:35:25,605 --> 00:35:29,445 Speaker 1: interesting to me is that in this version with Angelina Jolie, 543 00:35:29,925 --> 00:35:33,685 Speaker 1: she has these big wings, bat like wings, and we 544 00:35:33,805 --> 00:35:37,325 Speaker 1: have a scene where his name is Stephahn, like she's 545 00:35:37,325 --> 00:35:40,965 Speaker 1: in love with him and he is allegedly in love 546 00:35:40,965 --> 00:35:45,485 Speaker 1: with her, but then he decides to cut off her wings, 547 00:35:45,765 --> 00:35:50,045 Speaker 1: which is metaphoric for rape. 548 00:35:51,565 --> 00:35:56,005 Speaker 2: Another film that explores this plot device is Netflix's Sleeping 549 00:35:56,085 --> 00:36:00,645 Speaker 2: Beauty from twenty eleven. The story is set in contemporary 550 00:36:00,725 --> 00:36:04,205 Speaker 2: times and follows broke college student Lucy, who ends up 551 00:36:04,245 --> 00:36:07,965 Speaker 2: taking a job with Madam Clara. The madam serves tea 552 00:36:08,005 --> 00:36:10,645 Speaker 2: to Lucy that puts her to sleep, while clients are 553 00:36:10,685 --> 00:36:13,485 Speaker 2: allowed to come in and do as they please to 554 00:36:13,525 --> 00:36:18,965 Speaker 2: the girl as long as there's no penetration. As Lucy's 555 00:36:18,965 --> 00:36:21,845 Speaker 2: life begins to spiral, she asks if she can put 556 00:36:21,845 --> 00:36:24,485 Speaker 2: a camera in the room to see what's happening during 557 00:36:24,525 --> 00:36:29,365 Speaker 2: these sessions. The madam refuses, citing the possibility that clients 558 00:36:29,365 --> 00:36:33,805 Speaker 2: would be worried about blackmail, but Lucy secretly installs one anyway. 559 00:36:34,685 --> 00:36:39,605 Speaker 2: Spoiler alert. During the final scene, Lucy's very first client returns. 560 00:36:40,205 --> 00:36:42,925 Speaker 2: This time he drinks the tea with her, but in 561 00:36:42,965 --> 00:36:47,245 Speaker 2: a much larger dose. The next morning, the madam comes 562 00:36:47,285 --> 00:36:50,165 Speaker 2: in to find the man dead, but when she tries 563 00:36:50,205 --> 00:36:53,965 Speaker 2: to wake Lucy and finds her unresponsive, she panics and 564 00:36:54,045 --> 00:36:57,685 Speaker 2: gives Lucy mouth to mouth. Lucy awakens to find the 565 00:36:57,805 --> 00:37:01,245 Speaker 2: naked dead man beside her and screams. The last shot 566 00:37:01,285 --> 00:37:03,645 Speaker 2: is a still from the hidden camera of a sleeping 567 00:37:03,725 --> 00:37:06,605 Speaker 2: Lucy and the dead man lying together in the same bed. 568 00:37:07,485 --> 00:37:10,645 Speaker 2: It's not Truelove's kiss that breaks a curse, but mouth 569 00:37:10,685 --> 00:37:15,765 Speaker 2: to mouth resuscitation that awakens Lucy to a nightmare. The 570 00:37:15,805 --> 00:37:19,565 Speaker 2: film is unsettling at best, but it does raise critical 571 00:37:19,645 --> 00:37:23,565 Speaker 2: questions about the nature of consent. The update does give 572 00:37:23,645 --> 00:37:26,045 Speaker 2: Lucy agency to find a way to make a living, 573 00:37:26,365 --> 00:37:29,285 Speaker 2: but at what cost, because at the end of the day, 574 00:37:29,485 --> 00:37:35,645 Speaker 2: she's still getting drugged. Sleeping Beauty is dark. In most 575 00:37:35,765 --> 00:37:39,765 Speaker 2: versions of the tale, the storyteller removes the woman's ability 576 00:37:39,805 --> 00:37:43,805 Speaker 2: to act in her own interest. She can't speak or 577 00:37:43,925 --> 00:37:47,685 Speaker 2: move to avenge her father's sins. She can't protest as 578 00:37:47,765 --> 00:37:50,605 Speaker 2: men do what they want with her. Then she's alive 579 00:37:50,645 --> 00:37:53,765 Speaker 2: again and grateful to the men that saved her. But 580 00:37:53,805 --> 00:37:57,805 Speaker 2: doctor Schwabe says that's not necessarily the only way to 581 00:37:57,845 --> 00:37:58,205 Speaker 2: read it. 582 00:38:00,285 --> 00:38:03,405 Speaker 1: I also want to mention which is often overlooked. I 583 00:38:03,445 --> 00:38:08,005 Speaker 1: think that, especially Sleeping Beauty, she is also an adventurer, 584 00:38:08,445 --> 00:38:12,685 Speaker 1: so the fact that she is exploring the castle when 585 00:38:12,845 --> 00:38:15,005 Speaker 1: as soon as her parents are gone and she's sort 586 00:38:15,045 --> 00:38:18,565 Speaker 1: of left to her own devices. She is actually quite 587 00:38:18,605 --> 00:38:22,885 Speaker 1: active and she is curious. The only difference is that 588 00:38:23,125 --> 00:38:29,645 Speaker 1: her curiosity is punished, whereas the princess curiosity is rewarded. 589 00:38:29,845 --> 00:38:33,605 Speaker 1: In a sense, she is actually not as passive as 590 00:38:33,645 --> 00:38:34,485 Speaker 1: people might think. 591 00:38:36,645 --> 00:38:40,125 Speaker 2: Author Alex E. Harrow took a different approach to the 592 00:38:40,165 --> 00:38:44,085 Speaker 2: tale and her twenty twenty one book A Spindle Splintered. 593 00:38:44,965 --> 00:38:47,325 Speaker 2: I want to take a moment and say how much 594 00:38:47,365 --> 00:38:50,365 Speaker 2: this book impacted me. It's all I could think about 595 00:38:50,445 --> 00:38:53,085 Speaker 2: for weeks after reading it, and every time I found 596 00:38:53,085 --> 00:38:56,965 Speaker 2: myself getting so sad. I related to the idea of 597 00:38:57,005 --> 00:39:00,805 Speaker 2: feeling stuck, of not having a say in my own life. 598 00:39:02,605 --> 00:39:05,005 Speaker 2: Zinia is a modern day girl who is dying from 599 00:39:05,045 --> 00:39:08,525 Speaker 2: a rare People who have this disease never make it 600 00:39:08,565 --> 00:39:12,405 Speaker 2: past twenty one. She's obsessed with a story Sleeping Beauty 601 00:39:12,485 --> 00:39:16,485 Speaker 2: and compares herself to the princess. Here's a quote. I 602 00:39:16,605 --> 00:39:20,725 Speaker 2: used to see Sleeping Beauty as my wildest, most aspirational fantasy, 603 00:39:21,285 --> 00:39:25,005 Speaker 2: a dying girl who didn't die, a tragedy turned into 604 00:39:25,085 --> 00:39:29,045 Speaker 2: a romance. But suddenly I saw her as my mere reflection, 605 00:39:29,685 --> 00:39:32,845 Speaker 2: a girl with a shitty story, a girl whose choices 606 00:39:32,965 --> 00:39:37,405 Speaker 2: were stolen from her. On Zinia's twenty first birthday, her 607 00:39:37,445 --> 00:39:39,805 Speaker 2: best friend throws her a sleeping beauty party in an 608 00:39:39,845 --> 00:39:43,885 Speaker 2: abandoned tower in their town. Spindle included as a dare. 609 00:39:44,085 --> 00:39:47,805 Speaker 2: Zinina touches a spindle, but when she does, she's transported 610 00:39:47,845 --> 00:39:51,645 Speaker 2: back in time into a sleeping beauty tale. In this story, 611 00:39:51,685 --> 00:39:57,005 Speaker 2: the princess's name is Primrose. Zinnia's arrival interrupts Primrose just 612 00:39:57,045 --> 00:39:59,045 Speaker 2: as she's about to prick her finger on the spindle. 613 00:39:59,645 --> 00:40:02,965 Speaker 2: She convinces Primrose that they can change her fate, so 614 00:40:03,005 --> 00:40:05,245 Speaker 2: the two pack up to find the wicked Fairy and 615 00:40:05,525 --> 00:40:08,605 Speaker 2: ask her to remove the curse. What they find is 616 00:40:08,645 --> 00:40:12,965 Speaker 2: not what they expected. The evil fairy is not evil 617 00:40:13,005 --> 00:40:16,765 Speaker 2: at all. It's Zelandine, the woman who was raped by 618 00:40:16,805 --> 00:40:21,085 Speaker 2: her lover. In this adaptation, Zelandine was taken in by 619 00:40:21,125 --> 00:40:24,405 Speaker 2: the fairies after she woke and learned magic, and ever 620 00:40:24,485 --> 00:40:28,685 Speaker 2: since she's been trying to help women like herself. Zelandine 621 00:40:28,685 --> 00:40:30,725 Speaker 2: tells it too that the point of the curse is 622 00:40:30,765 --> 00:40:35,245 Speaker 2: to save Primrose when she awakens, hopefully it will be 623 00:40:35,405 --> 00:40:38,245 Speaker 2: during a time that Primrose would have more control over 624 00:40:38,285 --> 00:40:42,685 Speaker 2: her life. Also in this version, Primrose is queer and 625 00:40:42,845 --> 00:40:47,005 Speaker 2: doesn't want to marry the prince. Zelandine tells them she 626 00:40:47,165 --> 00:40:50,885 Speaker 2: can't remove the curse. Primrose and Zinia returned to the 627 00:40:50,965 --> 00:40:55,045 Speaker 2: castle as night falls, and Primrose falls under the spell 628 00:40:55,125 --> 00:40:59,125 Speaker 2: that leads her to the spindle. Zenia follows, hoping she 629 00:40:59,205 --> 00:41:02,125 Speaker 2: can get back home to her time, but the two 630 00:41:02,245 --> 00:41:05,325 Speaker 2: are intercepted by the King's guards and Zenia is thrown 631 00:41:05,365 --> 00:41:10,405 Speaker 2: in jail. In another twist, Zinia falls asleep and travels 632 00:41:10,445 --> 00:41:13,285 Speaker 2: through the other versions of Sleeping Beauty, calling for help. 633 00:41:13,805 --> 00:41:16,005 Speaker 2: Her call is answered by her best friend and two 634 00:41:16,005 --> 00:41:22,285 Speaker 2: other women, one being Brunehild. The group successfully interrupts Primrose's 635 00:41:22,285 --> 00:41:25,525 Speaker 2: marriage to the prince, but as the running away, it 636 00:41:25,645 --> 00:41:29,445 Speaker 2: seems time has run out for Zenia and she passes out. 637 00:41:29,725 --> 00:41:33,645 Speaker 2: But this is still a fairy tale. Zinia awakens in 638 00:41:33,685 --> 00:41:36,845 Speaker 2: a hospital room. Her best friend is there. In surprise, 639 00:41:37,165 --> 00:41:41,205 Speaker 2: so is Primrose. Turns out, Zinia's best friend is primroses 640 00:41:41,405 --> 00:41:45,685 Speaker 2: Nidas and shining Armor. And as for Zinnia's disease, it's 641 00:41:45,725 --> 00:41:48,845 Speaker 2: still there, but all the blockage that had been building 642 00:41:48,885 --> 00:41:52,405 Speaker 2: for twenty one years is gone. Zinia is still on 643 00:41:52,565 --> 00:41:55,885 Speaker 2: borrow time, but it's a chance to do things differently. 644 00:41:56,645 --> 00:41:59,565 Speaker 2: It's a story of hope, of righting wrongs, and a 645 00:41:59,685 --> 00:42:03,565 Speaker 2: chance for Sleeping Beauty to take charge of her own destiny. 646 00:42:03,645 --> 00:42:07,205 Speaker 2: It's the closest to a true happy ending I've run across. 647 00:42:09,965 --> 00:42:12,805 Speaker 2: Sleeping Beauty reminds us how far we've come in terms 648 00:42:12,805 --> 00:42:17,205 Speaker 2: of women's agency. Minus the blatantly wrong rape troop. Women 649 00:42:17,245 --> 00:42:19,445 Speaker 2: were meant to be passive and to rely on men 650 00:42:19,565 --> 00:42:23,445 Speaker 2: for everything. They were also meant to be thankful, regardless 651 00:42:23,445 --> 00:42:26,685 Speaker 2: if they were thinking those who hurt them. But we're 652 00:42:26,685 --> 00:42:29,845 Speaker 2: starting to see modern Sleeping Beauty tales with the princess 653 00:42:29,885 --> 00:42:33,565 Speaker 2: defying the role she's meant to play. She has agency, 654 00:42:33,925 --> 00:42:37,045 Speaker 2: and she uses that agency to take fate into her 655 00:42:37,045 --> 00:42:41,125 Speaker 2: own hands, with or without a prince, and the idea 656 00:42:41,285 --> 00:42:45,885 Speaker 2: of having control over one's fate. Well, that's something everybody 657 00:42:45,925 --> 00:42:53,885 Speaker 2: can relate to. Next time, tall towers are made to 658 00:42:53,885 --> 00:43:00,765 Speaker 2: be climbed with golden hair. The Deep Dark Woods is 659 00:43:00,765 --> 00:43:04,525 Speaker 2: a production of School of Humans and iHeart Podcasts. It 660 00:43:04,605 --> 00:43:09,045 Speaker 2: was created, written, and hosted by me Miranda Hawkins. This 661 00:43:09,125 --> 00:43:13,365 Speaker 2: episode was produced by mikel. June was senior producer Gabby Watts. 662 00:43:13,925 --> 00:43:18,725 Speaker 2: Executive producers are Virginia Prescott, Brandon Barr, Elsie Crowley, and 663 00:43:18,805 --> 00:43:23,565 Speaker 2: Maya Howard. Stories were voiced by Julia Christgau. Theme song 664 00:43:23,685 --> 00:43:27,805 Speaker 2: was composed by Jesse Niswanger. This episode was sound designed 665 00:43:27,845 --> 00:43:31,325 Speaker 2: and mixed by Chris Childs. If you enjoyed the show, 666 00:43:31,565 --> 00:43:34,685 Speaker 2: please leave a review and you can follow along with 667 00:43:34,765 --> 00:43:44,565 Speaker 2: the show on Instagram at School of Humans.