1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:17,200 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas. And 4 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:21,520 Speaker 1: you know, humans have always been pretty interested in the 5 00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:26,800 Speaker 1: idea of living longer, living forever, even it's uh, it's 6 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:29,200 Speaker 1: pretty much the thing we're most into. Oh yeah, the 7 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 1: fountain of youth, right, that that trophy that we continue 8 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:35,560 Speaker 1: to pursue. Yeah. I I always think back to the 9 00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:39,840 Speaker 1: line and Blade Runner with Rudgar Howard's character Roy Batty. Yeah, 10 00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:43,360 Speaker 1: Roy Batty, where he says I want more life father, Yes, yeah, 11 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: and sometimes he says other things to slightly different things 12 00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:47,839 Speaker 1: depending on the cut. But that's the director's the most 13 00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: recent director's cut, and I think that's the final word 14 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 1: on the matter. It's a little creepy too, right, yeah, 15 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:54,600 Speaker 1: because I think then you like poke somebody's eyes out 16 00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 1: or something. Yeah, and then there's a couple of backflips. Yeah, 17 00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:00,640 Speaker 1: because he's in shape. He only lived to be like three. 18 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:04,440 Speaker 1: That was the thing. The uh, the fake people and 19 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,040 Speaker 1: that the replicants, um, they had very short lifespans and 20 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:09,520 Speaker 1: they were kind of pissed about it. They only lived 21 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: to be three years old, even though they were they 22 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: were full grown, you know, sexy adults, but they were 23 00:01:15,319 --> 00:01:17,720 Speaker 1: they were only three years old when they died, that's right. 24 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:19,720 Speaker 1: And if they all wore makeup or was it just 25 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 1: Darryll Hannah who uh, Darrell Hannah were makeup? I think 26 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:25,759 Speaker 1: Rugger Howard just went around shirtless and whip that's right. 27 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:27,959 Speaker 1: And it was this blazing blue eyes. That's what I'm 28 00:01:27,959 --> 00:01:30,400 Speaker 1: thinking about the makeup. Well, I guess that if they 29 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:33,680 Speaker 1: were if replicants were real, and and and if Blade 30 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:36,559 Speaker 1: and I actually happened and they found about this guy, 31 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: this dude named Aubrey de Gray, Yeah, this is the 32 00:01:40,319 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 1: guy they would be running down. Because the whole sci 33 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:45,480 Speaker 1: fi thing of like, oh, I'm not gonna live very long. 34 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:46,800 Speaker 1: I need to fix it. I mean, that's just an 35 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 1: amplification of the very real life scenario that everybody's in, 36 00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:52,440 Speaker 1: except I mean some people are more denial. They're just 37 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:53,760 Speaker 1: kind of like, oh, I guess I'm gonna get old 38 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 1: and die and you know, there's nothing I can do 39 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:58,120 Speaker 1: about it. And some would arguable that's the healthy approach 40 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: that you're you know, you're but but not but no, 41 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:05,440 Speaker 1: not Aubrey to Gray right like he's he's this biogerontologist, 42 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:08,120 Speaker 1: self taught by the way, but at the same time 43 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,480 Speaker 1: is just has pulled the rug out from under the 44 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:15,919 Speaker 1: whole field of gerontology, and um, he's sitting there saying, 45 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: you know what, it's it's not that we can't live 46 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:20,919 Speaker 1: much longer. It's just that we are we are sitting 47 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,880 Speaker 1: there just sort of giving up, when in fact, there 48 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:26,959 Speaker 1: there are things that we can pursue and do today, 49 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:30,600 Speaker 1: and that it's very possible that the first person to 50 00:02:30,760 --> 00:02:34,680 Speaker 1: live to one thousand years old has been born is 51 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:36,720 Speaker 1: in and it could be you or I or both 52 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:39,760 Speaker 1: of us. Are all of us depending on what sort 53 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:43,840 Speaker 1: of research and what sort of breakthrough has happened. It's 54 00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:45,840 Speaker 1: not gonna be me. I'm gonna cut it off around 55 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:49,360 Speaker 1: five hundred years, you know, because I think five that's 56 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 1: a good that's a good cut off point. After that 57 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,760 Speaker 1: it gets kind of tacky. I mean, how bad of 58 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 1: a driver am I going to be by five? Well? 59 00:02:55,480 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: I mean according to him though that you there's good. 60 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:00,639 Speaker 1: You know, I'm jumping ahead a little bit, but there 61 00:03:00,639 --> 00:03:05,119 Speaker 1: are all sorts of cellular rejuvenations happening that are kind 62 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:07,760 Speaker 1: of keeping you at this baseline level, always feeling like 63 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: you're thirty years old. Well, that's his thing. His his 64 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:12,280 Speaker 1: thing is like it's not just a let's cling to 65 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: life till the very limits of our of our ability, 66 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:17,840 Speaker 1: because that's that's the really sad and that's one of 67 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 1: the things that that I think that theres a lot 68 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:23,600 Speaker 1: of people from thinking about, um, you know, life extending research, 69 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:26,079 Speaker 1: because we have that picture in our mind of somebody 70 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,720 Speaker 1: wasting away um often with a you know, in an 71 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:32,320 Speaker 1: enfeebled mind, if not in sometimes it seems like it's 72 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:34,079 Speaker 1: it's either one or the other. Half the time, it's 73 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:36,840 Speaker 1: like either the mind goes or the body goes, and 74 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:39,480 Speaker 1: I guess sometimes both go and then very rare instances 75 00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: both seem to hang on a little while. But he's 76 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:43,720 Speaker 1: saying it doesn't have to be like that. We can 77 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: It's not just prolonging life, but but making the good 78 00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:50,320 Speaker 1: part last longer. It's not just keeping the clunk or 79 00:03:50,360 --> 00:03:53,560 Speaker 1: car going, you know, and just to the point we're 80 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:56,360 Speaker 1: just pushing it along the road, but actually maintaining it, 81 00:03:56,680 --> 00:03:59,720 Speaker 1: replacing the parts that need replacing, uh doing you know, 82 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:02,360 Speaker 1: giving at the service it requires to keep that that 83 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:06,040 Speaker 1: car nice and road worthy for for you know, a 84 00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 1: long time. That's interesting and one interview he actually uses 85 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:11,360 Speaker 1: that same analogy and it says, Yeah, that's why do 86 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:13,560 Speaker 1: you think we have like these cool antique cars that 87 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,800 Speaker 1: are in mint condition because we continue to rejuvenate them 88 00:04:17,839 --> 00:04:22,440 Speaker 1: at every pass. And it's and basically that aging is 89 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:25,159 Speaker 1: an engineering problem. Yeah, and he can fix it. And 90 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,040 Speaker 1: I totally buy into this guy, and part of it 91 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,400 Speaker 1: maybe his awesome beard. Will you describe this man's beard. 92 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: The beard is very, very long, it's pointy. Um, it's 93 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:40,160 Speaker 1: kind of got a ginger colored brownish hue to it. Um. 94 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:44,280 Speaker 1: It speaks to me literally, it says hello, Julie, and 95 00:04:44,440 --> 00:04:47,400 Speaker 1: it has it has actually caused me to form a 96 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:49,720 Speaker 1: crush on this man. I know it sounds weird, but 97 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:51,840 Speaker 1: besides the fact that he's brilliant, he's doing all these 98 00:04:51,880 --> 00:04:56,000 Speaker 1: incredible things. Yes, he looks like a tall, linky gnome. Yeah, 99 00:04:56,200 --> 00:04:59,440 Speaker 1: people like Gandalf and Alan Moore look at this guy 100 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 1: and they're like, man, and that has got a cool beer. Yeah, 101 00:05:02,400 --> 00:05:05,600 Speaker 1: just bears mentioning, that's all. Yeah, And and also it's 102 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:07,640 Speaker 1: easy to reconnife. You see a YouTube clip with a 103 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:09,839 Speaker 1: guy with an epic beer talking about living to be 104 00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:12,320 Speaker 1: a thousand years old. It's this guy. There's not another. 105 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:15,840 Speaker 1: It's not a crazy homeless guy. It's most likely all 106 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:18,600 Speaker 1: breated de gray. So so yeah, this is it's it's 107 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:22,159 Speaker 1: a very cool Argumentum. I I think I've spoken before 108 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:24,920 Speaker 1: in the podcast about when we think about death, there 109 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: are sort of like two camps. There's like in one 110 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 1: of our a lot of our problems with death and 111 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:34,160 Speaker 1: our belief systems about death correspond with this idea that 112 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:37,719 Speaker 1: death isn't something that our body does, but something that 113 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:40,880 Speaker 1: happens to our body. And uh, and he's just he's 114 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:44,120 Speaker 1: basically saying, yeah, this is something our body does, but 115 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:49,720 Speaker 1: it happens in seven ways, and these are seven battles 116 00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:52,440 Speaker 1: that we can win. All right, all right, this is 117 00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:56,719 Speaker 1: like the Scott Pilgrim versus the world things seven evil boyfriends. Yeah, yeah, 118 00:05:56,720 --> 00:05:59,440 Speaker 1: it's like that he's vanquishing each one. But um, we 119 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: should probably talk a little bit more about, um, some 120 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,039 Speaker 1: of the nuts and bolts stuff that we know, like 121 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: the Hayflick limits. Oh yes, the Hayflick limit is a 122 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:11,360 Speaker 1: big one. Um. And this involves that this gets a 123 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:14,600 Speaker 1: little technical. Will bear with me. This involves something called 124 00:06:15,839 --> 00:06:18,479 Speaker 1: yeah yeah, and there'll be more beerd jokes later, but 125 00:06:18,640 --> 00:06:25,599 Speaker 1: it involves telomeres, in and telomerase. Okay, let's hit telomeres first. 126 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:31,159 Speaker 1: All right. These were discovered in Night by geneticist Hermann J. Mueller. 127 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:35,520 Speaker 1: Telomeres is Greek for in part and basically what you 128 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:38,480 Speaker 1: need to think about our shoelaces. Okay, Because these are 129 00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:44,240 Speaker 1: telomeres are essentially protective caps composed of short DNA sequences 130 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:47,760 Speaker 1: on the tips of chromosomes. All right. The chromosomes they protect, 131 00:06:47,839 --> 00:06:52,040 Speaker 1: in turn, contain the DNA that determines our entire biological profile, 132 00:06:52,080 --> 00:06:56,400 Speaker 1: everything about you. Um. Geneticist Elizabeth Blackburn compared them to 133 00:06:56,520 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 1: the little caps on the ends of our shoelaces. That's 134 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:00,200 Speaker 1: where I get this fantastic analogy. I can't take full 135 00:07:00,200 --> 00:07:03,200 Speaker 1: credit for it, but anyway, Without them, the laces begin 136 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:05,760 Speaker 1: to unravel. So you see the problem. The unraveling of 137 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: the laces is aging. Each time the cell divides, the 138 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:12,640 Speaker 1: telomeres become shorter. Okay, so it's kind of like each 139 00:07:12,680 --> 00:07:16,320 Speaker 1: time you wash your shoes in the water, it breaks 140 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 1: down the odal plastic capitittle Okay, if the telomeres grow 141 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 1: too short, they reach the hay flick clement. All right, 142 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: this is the point at which they can no longer 143 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: protect the chromosomes from damage. So in this you can 144 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: think of them and you know, less like shoe laces 145 00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:33,800 Speaker 1: and more like a lit candle. So even now, your 146 00:07:33,840 --> 00:07:37,400 Speaker 1: telomeres are burning down, and they're getting shorter with each division, 147 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:40,480 Speaker 1: and uh, you know, reaching the point of of guttering out. 148 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 1: And some people have are have longer telomeres than others. 149 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:48,120 Speaker 1: The longer you have, the longer um life you have. Yeah. Yeah, 150 00:07:48,120 --> 00:07:49,720 Speaker 1: And when I was getting your article on how to 151 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: telomeres work, I noted that you had a photo of 152 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:58,800 Speaker 1: a woman I think ditavanties. Yeah, okay, and she's got 153 00:07:58,840 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: you know, it's a picture of a mole. And I 154 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:04,360 Speaker 1: guess that there's a connection between people who have moles 155 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: in the length of their telomeres. Right. It took me 156 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:08,800 Speaker 1: a long time to find a close up of her 157 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 1: face on Getty Images, but I wonder why. Yeah, but yeah, 158 00:08:14,120 --> 00:08:15,840 Speaker 1: I mean that's interesting. Right, So if you have a mole, 159 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: then you might say to yourself, hey, I won the 160 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:21,800 Speaker 1: the telomere jackpot. Here might are pretty long, Yeah, if 161 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:23,160 Speaker 1: you have a lot of molds, all the better. That 162 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:25,679 Speaker 1: was from a two thousand not two thousand seven. I'm sorry, 163 00:08:25,760 --> 00:08:29,360 Speaker 1: dermatology study conducted by King's College, London, And yeah, I 164 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:32,480 Speaker 1: said people with more moles often have longer deal mirrors. Yeah, 165 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:34,800 Speaker 1: and then you've got that tim raise, which is the 166 00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:40,160 Speaker 1: enzyme that helps, yeah, rebuild telomerase to enumerase. I only 167 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:42,319 Speaker 1: know that because I had to look at some YouTube 168 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: videos right before we came in here to get appreciation. 169 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,280 Speaker 1: That's good. That's because I was just going to go 170 00:08:46,360 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: off with like telomerase for something like elomerase. But that 171 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:53,000 Speaker 1: is something you know. That enzyme is very active when 172 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:57,800 Speaker 1: we're young, obviously, and helps us um rebuild damage to 173 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:00,680 Speaker 1: ourselves or rebuild ourselves, so on and so forth. But 174 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,839 Speaker 1: as we get older, it decreases, and the only time 175 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:06,040 Speaker 1: that we see an uptick and its production is when 176 00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 1: there are cancerous cells right right now. To tilomerase again, 177 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 1: it it basically repairs and lengthens the telomeres. Yes, So 178 00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:18,959 Speaker 1: that that's why why it's important. But but like you're 179 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,040 Speaker 1: about to say, the problem is it's not just a hey, 180 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:24,480 Speaker 1: let's pump ourselves full of tilomeraise and and read the benefits, 181 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:26,920 Speaker 1: because too much tilomeraise is not a good thing, right, 182 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:29,640 Speaker 1: And we think that it happens in cancer cells because 183 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:33,000 Speaker 1: it's sort of an ingrained UM algorithm that goes, oh, hey, 184 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:34,880 Speaker 1: we're being attacked. We need to repair these cells. But 185 00:09:34,960 --> 00:09:37,400 Speaker 1: in fact you probably shouldn't prear these cells because these 186 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:39,559 Speaker 1: are the these are the cancer as cells, and these 187 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:43,120 Speaker 1: are the ones that are eating your body up essentially um. 188 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:45,360 Speaker 1: And so that's why that's one of the reasons why 189 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: cancer cells are so aggressive, is because you've got the 190 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,560 Speaker 1: two mares going on there. But it's it's all sorts 191 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:56,760 Speaker 1: of interesting implications with telomerase, this enzyme. There's the possibility 192 00:09:56,800 --> 00:09:59,120 Speaker 1: that we could use them in a way that we 193 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:03,400 Speaker 1: wouldn't be destroying ourselves and we might be rejuvenating ourselves 194 00:10:04,320 --> 00:10:07,679 Speaker 1: from stem cells. So yeah, there go yeah. And this 195 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:11,000 Speaker 1: is part and parcel of Aubrey de Gray's um thinking Yeah, 196 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:18,360 Speaker 1: which we will talk about more. This presentation is brought 197 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:25,800 Speaker 1: to you by Intel sponsors of Tomorrow and in fact, 198 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,720 Speaker 1: in Nature magazine, Harvard Medical School published the results of 199 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 1: their study in which they treated my suffering from age 200 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:35,960 Speaker 1: related to degeneration and with Tela Maris, and they found 201 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:38,160 Speaker 1: that the damage didn't just go away, but the mice 202 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:42,240 Speaker 1: actually repair their cells to an earlier, healthier and younger state. 203 00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:46,679 Speaker 1: So there's there's possibilities here. We shouldn't, you know, wholesale 204 00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:48,680 Speaker 1: poopo it right now, we just don't quite understand how 205 00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:51,560 Speaker 1: it could work for us. Yeah, but let's talk about 206 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:54,720 Speaker 1: the bearded one. Oh yes, yes, his his seven the 207 00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: seven battles, the sevel seven fronts in the War to 208 00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:01,200 Speaker 1: defeat aging. That's right, Um, I guess we can just 209 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:03,280 Speaker 1: blow through these. Uh, this guy can talk a lot 210 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:07,160 Speaker 1: about them. So it's you know, each each one is 211 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 1: is a very deep issue and if we really wanted to, 212 00:11:09,679 --> 00:11:11,720 Speaker 1: we could probably do a podcast on each of these. 213 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,320 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, and and talk about the different examples, because 214 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:16,440 Speaker 1: you could go on and on. But just just for 215 00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:18,760 Speaker 1: brevity's sake, we'll just kind of go for them, talk 216 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:20,679 Speaker 1: about them. Let's blow through them. Here we go, all right? 217 00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:25,040 Speaker 1: So number one, cells that die off aren't naturally replaced 218 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:28,840 Speaker 1: in the heart and brain. Okay, so you it's it's 219 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,560 Speaker 1: again kind of wear and tear. Things are are are 220 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:36,360 Speaker 1: crapping out on you and they're not getting fixed, all right. 221 00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:40,520 Speaker 1: His fix is, uh, you have stem cell replacements. Yes, okay, 222 00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:44,120 Speaker 1: And again that's simple, that's a simplification. It's a very 223 00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:47,000 Speaker 1: in depth of field of study. But that's the basic 224 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:49,880 Speaker 1: idea of the fix, all right. Number two, proliferation of 225 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:53,280 Speaker 1: unwanted cells, such as fat cells that replace muscle like 226 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,400 Speaker 1: this kind of thing leads to diabetes. His fix trick 227 00:11:56,480 --> 00:12:00,439 Speaker 1: them into destroying themselves through suicide gene therapy, which sounds 228 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:05,720 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. Number three. Yeah, Number three, formation of links 229 00:12:05,760 --> 00:12:09,920 Speaker 1: between certain proteins and the lack of elasticity in certain 230 00:12:09,960 --> 00:12:13,680 Speaker 1: tissues like artery walls that cause high blood pressure. The 231 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:18,360 Speaker 1: fix drugs that break these bonds. Okay. Number four cellilar 232 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:22,040 Speaker 1: garbage inside the cell, like build up of ane as 233 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:26,360 Speaker 1: between the brain. Uh, in the brain that causes Alzheimer's right. 234 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:30,680 Speaker 1: His fix engineer genes and enzymes to digest the junk. Um. 235 00:12:30,679 --> 00:12:33,240 Speaker 1: This would be like you know, enzyme injections, and he 236 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:37,559 Speaker 1: thinks that, interestingly enough, we might find the bacteria in graveyards, 237 00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:39,760 Speaker 1: which has a nice creepy twist on this. Like I said, 238 00:12:39,760 --> 00:12:43,200 Speaker 1: there's a whole podcast um. Then cellular garbage outside the 239 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:46,760 Speaker 1: cell um. The fix is the same enzymes and injection, 240 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:50,320 Speaker 1: but an example of of how celar garbage outside the 241 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: cell leads to aging and death. This is hardening of 242 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: arteries and heart disease. Number six aging damages mitochondria that 243 00:12:59,120 --> 00:13:02,880 Speaker 1: produced energy for cellular activity. His fix swap around the 244 00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:06,520 Speaker 1: mitochondrial DNA through gene therapy to protect it. And then 245 00:13:06,559 --> 00:13:09,960 Speaker 1: finally the big one number seven cancer runaway cell divisions. 246 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:16,560 Speaker 1: And his fix for this is awesome, um because they 247 00:13:16,760 --> 00:13:19,480 Speaker 1: basically the idea came to him while he was in 248 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:22,559 Speaker 1: an Italian bar and he was on his second beer. 249 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: And this is why this is I really love this 250 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:27,640 Speaker 1: is because there's a there's a British sketch comedy show 251 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:30,400 Speaker 1: called That Mitchell and web Look and they have this 252 00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:34,240 Speaker 1: one sketch about how about this like secret group kind 253 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 1: of an illuminated group to control of the world and 254 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:40,440 Speaker 1: run everything. And they're based along the principle that, um, 255 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,679 Speaker 1: you should never finish your second drink, like this is 256 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:45,600 Speaker 1: an alcoholic drink things, so you know, you know, if 257 00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:47,600 Speaker 1: you're not drinking age, you you don't know exactly what 258 00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:49,640 Speaker 1: I'm talking about, and nor should you tell appropriate drinking 259 00:13:49,720 --> 00:13:53,000 Speaker 1: rate age if you so choose but the argument in 260 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:56,240 Speaker 1: the sketch was that by the middle of that second drink, 261 00:13:56,640 --> 00:13:59,760 Speaker 1: everything is possible. You have this this feeling of optimism 262 00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:02,199 Speaker 1: that you can conquer anything, and you just you know, 263 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:05,120 Speaker 1: just use jazz, like throw a problem at me, death, cancer, 264 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:06,920 Speaker 1: I got it, I'll figure it out. But if you 265 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:11,160 Speaker 1: finish that second drink, then any number of catastrophes could happen. 266 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:14,400 Speaker 1: So their whole thing is just never finished the second drink. 267 00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:16,559 Speaker 1: So I love the idea that the bearded one came 268 00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:20,200 Speaker 1: up with this idea halfway through that second beer. Um. 269 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:23,840 Speaker 1: And the idea is something called wilt or whole body 270 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:28,360 Speaker 1: interdiction of lengthening telomeres. And he's talking about destroying the 271 00:14:28,440 --> 00:14:32,200 Speaker 1: replicating abilities of all potentially dangerous cells before they can 272 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:35,720 Speaker 1: become cancerous and replace and basically and you would also 273 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:39,240 Speaker 1: like pump in replacement stem cells every decade and so 274 00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:43,440 Speaker 1: it's sort of like heading them off with the past. Yeah, okay, UM, 275 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:46,200 Speaker 1: I don't know this is this is so fascinating because 276 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:50,320 Speaker 1: what's what is weird about this is that this guy 277 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:54,160 Speaker 1: didn't set out to be a biogerontologist, right, like I 278 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,680 Speaker 1: believe that he's got a degree in computer sciences, and 279 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,200 Speaker 1: he's quite esteemed, although a bit of a lightning rod, 280 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:03,200 Speaker 1: and not just because of his of his beard, but 281 00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:06,840 Speaker 1: because of what he's proposing. But he's done so much 282 00:15:06,880 --> 00:15:09,480 Speaker 1: research and he has published so much on this that 283 00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:13,640 Speaker 1: he really is making inroads in terms of logistics. And 284 00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:16,160 Speaker 1: he's basically saying, I can't do this tomorrow, but I 285 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:21,480 Speaker 1: think within ten years we're within reach of of extending life. 286 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:26,280 Speaker 1: Find like, if we can really sink some money into 287 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:30,400 Speaker 1: looking at the best way to apply this to humans. Um. 288 00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:32,800 Speaker 1: And again, he's done a ton of work with rats 289 00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:34,600 Speaker 1: and so on and so forth. If only there were 290 00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:37,320 Speaker 1: some old people with a lot of money concerned about dying. 291 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: I don't know. I'm not sure the research is going 292 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:42,840 Speaker 1: to come together on this one, but we'll see. Uh yeah, 293 00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 1: I know where could he find those people? And how 294 00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:49,680 Speaker 1: could he transmit his message? I don't know to these people? Uh, 295 00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:51,960 Speaker 1: but I mean people really are interested in though. But 296 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:55,880 Speaker 1: in his Ted dot com bio because he had does 297 00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:59,600 Speaker 1: this great Ted talk? Uh? They say. In July two, 298 00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:03,320 Speaker 1: the m I T. Technology Review challenge scientists to disprove 299 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:07,680 Speaker 1: degrees claims, offering a twenty thousand dollar prize, half of 300 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 1: which was money put up by Degrades Foundation, which is 301 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:15,800 Speaker 1: called appropriately enough Methuselah Foundation. Of course, is one of 302 00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:19,320 Speaker 1: the Biblical characters that lived to an advanced stage. I 303 00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:23,720 Speaker 1: think he, along with Noah and Adam supposedly lived to 304 00:16:23,760 --> 00:16:28,680 Speaker 1: be nine They are going um. But anyway, they put 305 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:34,360 Speaker 1: up this challenge basically any molecular biologist who could demonstrate 306 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: that his sins which is the abbreviation for what he's doing, 307 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,680 Speaker 1: is so wrong that is unworthy of learned debate, and 308 00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:45,200 Speaker 1: the challenge remains open. So and there are a lot 309 00:16:45,280 --> 00:16:47,840 Speaker 1: of people who are looking at this and it's you know, 310 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:51,200 Speaker 1: it's within his field and outside of his field. And 311 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:54,720 Speaker 1: what I think is interesting is that Raymond kurts Wheel, 312 00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:57,760 Speaker 1: who I don't know if we could call him the 313 00:16:57,760 --> 00:17:01,520 Speaker 1: father of the singularity, you know that's appropriate, but certainly 314 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:05,399 Speaker 1: someone who has been talking about the singularity um. And 315 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,159 Speaker 1: this is again for anybody just joining this, uh and 316 00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:09,840 Speaker 1: not for those of you who are sick of hearing 317 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:13,359 Speaker 1: about singularity. Is that the idea that computers continue to 318 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,760 Speaker 1: advance and advance, and they're advancing at such a rate 319 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:18,800 Speaker 1: that they will eventually surpass humans and then the singularity 320 00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:23,359 Speaker 1: will occur where they you know, they nose ahead in 321 00:17:23,359 --> 00:17:26,040 Speaker 1: the race. Yeah, and he says, uh, this isn't an 322 00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:29,000 Speaker 1: interview with Ram Kurts. Well, he says, we'll get to 323 00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:31,080 Speaker 1: a point in my view, it's only about fifteen years 324 00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:33,760 Speaker 1: away where every year that goes by, we're adding more 325 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:36,960 Speaker 1: than a year to your remaining life expectancy. So that's 326 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:40,480 Speaker 1: a tipping point. And he points directly to degray Um 327 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:42,840 Speaker 1: and then to kind of back that up, he said, 328 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:45,280 Speaker 1: he likes to point out that, you know, look look 329 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:47,199 Speaker 1: at technology, and we've talked about more slaw before and 330 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,440 Speaker 1: so on and so forth, and he's sort of applying 331 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:53,880 Speaker 1: this analogy to um the medical field. But he's saying, like, 332 00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:56,720 Speaker 1: you know, look at your average cell phone. It's about 333 00:17:56,720 --> 00:17:59,680 Speaker 1: a million the size of the millions of the price 334 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:02,639 Speaker 1: of an of a thousand times more powerful than the 335 00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:05,920 Speaker 1: computer he had an m I T forty years ago. 336 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:09,160 Speaker 1: So his point is that technology is speeding up. These 337 00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: things are happening. Um, the human genome, you know, nobody 338 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:15,359 Speaker 1: thought that would ever get mapped, got mapped two years 339 00:18:15,359 --> 00:18:19,800 Speaker 1: earlier than it was supposed to. Uh, we're moving toward this, 340 00:18:20,119 --> 00:18:22,440 Speaker 1: you know, especially in churs Wheel's opinion, at this point 341 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:26,879 Speaker 1: where technology and science and medicine are converging to create 342 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:30,240 Speaker 1: this this circumstance where we possibly could extend our life 343 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:33,560 Speaker 1: in a meaningful way, not as you have pointed out, 344 00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:37,919 Speaker 1: just sort of crawling toward death at you know, age nine, 345 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,920 Speaker 1: but feeling actually robust, yeah, or you know, are also 346 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:43,280 Speaker 1: these sort of sci fi visions too, of like just 347 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:45,880 Speaker 1: being a feeble thing locked away in a pod somewhere 348 00:18:45,920 --> 00:18:49,159 Speaker 1: on life support. Like nobody wants that. I mean, you 349 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:51,239 Speaker 1: want the state you want to You don't want some 350 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,640 Speaker 1: weird sci fi state of living death. And and certainly 351 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:59,000 Speaker 1: that's that's the the dystopian vision of what the prolonged 352 00:18:59,040 --> 00:19:00,880 Speaker 1: life might be like. But the the side is yeah, 353 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:04,000 Speaker 1: being you know, being in your sixties, being in your 354 00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 1: seventies and still being able to body you know, yeah, yeah, 355 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:11,879 Speaker 1: I mean so, I mean there's some interesting information about that. UM. 356 00:19:11,920 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: And he even feels like he can bear this out 357 00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:19,800 Speaker 1: again within ten years, particularly through his his mouse rejuvenation 358 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:22,280 Speaker 1: is which what he calls it UM and I think 359 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:24,800 Speaker 1: that's interesting too. He has in his ted talk this 360 00:19:24,880 --> 00:19:28,760 Speaker 1: graph of how all of these different aspects work together. 361 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:35,600 Speaker 1: To create what he calls longevity escape velocity just you know, yeah, 362 00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:37,600 Speaker 1: because it's it's kind of like these seven factors are 363 00:19:37,640 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: like different, like seven different. Gravity is holding us to 364 00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:45,520 Speaker 1: the to the sphere of mortality. We can free ourselves 365 00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:48,480 Speaker 1: with those bonds than you know, the sky's the limit, 366 00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:51,600 Speaker 1: right Yeah. And uh another interview, this I believe, was 367 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,000 Speaker 1: with The Guardian, uh De Grace said there was a 368 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:56,680 Speaker 1: question to him and says, you've talked about enriching people's lives, 369 00:19:56,760 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: but isn't it the very fact of death that gives 370 00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:03,000 Speaker 1: our lives me? And he says, that's nonsense. The fact 371 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 1: is people don't want to get sick. I'm just a 372 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:07,119 Speaker 1: practical guy. I don't want to get sick, and I 373 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:08,840 Speaker 1: don't want you to get sick. And that's what this 374 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:11,160 Speaker 1: is all about. I don't work on longevity. I work 375 00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:14,440 Speaker 1: on keeping people healthy. The only difference between my work 376 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:16,879 Speaker 1: and the work of the whole medical profession is that 377 00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:19,280 Speaker 1: I think we're in striking distance of keeping people so 378 00:20:19,359 --> 00:20:22,199 Speaker 1: healthy that it at age ninety, the will carry on 379 00:20:22,560 --> 00:20:24,959 Speaker 1: waking up in the same physical state as they were 380 00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:27,439 Speaker 1: at the age of thirty, and the probability of not 381 00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:29,679 Speaker 1: waking up one morning will be no higher than it 382 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:31,640 Speaker 1: was at the age of thirty. So this is where 383 00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:35,040 Speaker 1: we kind of begin to float off into the philosophical 384 00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:39,439 Speaker 1: deep end of the pool. Right the implications, Yeah, because 385 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:45,240 Speaker 1: death is is an insensial, essential aspect of human life. 386 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:49,480 Speaker 1: It's it's the big reality that everybody faces, no matter 387 00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:50,680 Speaker 1: what you do in your life. This is one of 388 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:52,440 Speaker 1: the things you're definitely going to get around to doing. 389 00:20:53,080 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: Um and uh. And it it defines so much of 390 00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 1: who we are. But then, but then how much of 391 00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:01,120 Speaker 1: it does it really define? That you into two questions 392 00:21:01,119 --> 00:21:03,920 Speaker 1: of again, is it does death inspire us as does 393 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:05,879 Speaker 1: the does it motivate us the idea that we're not 394 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: going to be here forever and we only have you know, 395 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: a finite amount of time to do these things on 396 00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 1: the on this planet, or you know, is it kind 397 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,400 Speaker 1: of a false view. I don't know. Yeah, it's interesting. 398 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:19,440 Speaker 1: And there was a question from an audience member and 399 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:22,880 Speaker 1: Degray's Ted talk and the guy was basically saying, well, 400 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:26,639 Speaker 1: aren't we sort of evolved to die? And his comment 401 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: was no, not really, I mean like we that we 402 00:21:29,359 --> 00:21:31,760 Speaker 1: just as a function we die. In the moderator kind 403 00:21:31,760 --> 00:21:36,600 Speaker 1: of chimed In and um and said, oh, well, so Degray, 404 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:39,520 Speaker 1: are you saying that the genes don't care? And then 405 00:21:39,600 --> 00:21:42,399 Speaker 1: it's us that care? And he's like, exactly, that's it. 406 00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:45,360 Speaker 1: You know, So basically there's yeah, you could diet your 407 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:50,080 Speaker 1: one thousand or one hundred or fifty, it doesn't really 408 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:53,080 Speaker 1: matter to your genes. They just want to be expressed. 409 00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:56,160 Speaker 1: And I was actually thinking that if if the whole 410 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,720 Speaker 1: point is that, you know, like Richard Dawkins, that we 411 00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:02,520 Speaker 1: were just here to spread our genes, it actually would 412 00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:04,600 Speaker 1: makes sense that we'd have a longer lifespan so would 413 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:07,960 Speaker 1: have the ability to spread more of our genes, you 414 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,639 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. And it's it's kind of a 415 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,679 Speaker 1: it's a bit of a wacky argument, but yeah, so 416 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,240 Speaker 1: I don't think that we're actually we've evolved to die, 417 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:18,640 Speaker 1: so to speak. Yeah. There, I mean, on one hand, 418 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:22,400 Speaker 1: there's you know, to take it into extremes of dystopian 419 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:27,000 Speaker 1: and utopian um. On the utopian end of things, you know, 420 00:22:27,040 --> 00:22:29,359 Speaker 1: their ideas of like hey you have an Einstein or 421 00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:32,639 Speaker 1: a Hawking, they let's just have them live forever, or 422 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:34,880 Speaker 1: you know, or let's have them live twice as long 423 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:37,560 Speaker 1: three times as long, and uh, and get more out 424 00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:39,560 Speaker 1: of them. You have somebody like a Gandhi. You know, 425 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:41,880 Speaker 1: you have all these these great, great people. Imagine them 426 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:44,800 Speaker 1: living uh, you know for several hundred years and being 427 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:48,560 Speaker 1: able to contribute more to our civilization and culture on 428 00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:54,120 Speaker 1: the Charlie five hundred years of Charlie Sheen, five years 429 00:22:54,119 --> 00:22:57,359 Speaker 1: of winning. Yeah. Um, that's the other end of it, 430 00:22:57,440 --> 00:23:02,080 Speaker 1: you know, uh, annoying or pointless people, Um, I mean not. 431 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:05,520 Speaker 1: Celebrity plays an important role, and it seems like there 432 00:23:05,560 --> 00:23:08,040 Speaker 1: was there There have probably been good Charlie Sheen movies. 433 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:13,360 Speaker 1: I don't have his filmography at hand, but but but no, um, 434 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:15,760 Speaker 1: you know the idea that still you can't it's hard 435 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:18,000 Speaker 1: to argue that five hundred years of of Charlie Sheen 436 00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:22,800 Speaker 1: would significantly in a rich um our, culture or supportation. No, 437 00:23:23,119 --> 00:23:25,159 Speaker 1: but I like to think that if you're going to 438 00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:28,640 Speaker 1: live that long, and and especially if you've got your 439 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:32,399 Speaker 1: you know, physical prowess and your wits about you, then 440 00:23:32,480 --> 00:23:35,440 Speaker 1: perhaps after a hundred years, two hundred years, maybe you 441 00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:38,560 Speaker 1: become a stage person or do we all become Charlie 442 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,480 Speaker 1: Sheen after after three hundred years of life, we reached 443 00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:43,640 Speaker 1: that point where it's just like I don't care. I'm 444 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:46,040 Speaker 1: just gonna have a good time, you know. Yeah, I 445 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:49,520 Speaker 1: mean you do have to revisit what Middle Ages? Right, 446 00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:52,400 Speaker 1: So maybe age five hundred, we're all like cruising around 447 00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:55,520 Speaker 1: in Ferraris. We quit working. Yeah, we're just hanging out 448 00:23:55,560 --> 00:24:00,119 Speaker 1: the trevy fountain, you know, uh, causing trouble. It's it 449 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:02,200 Speaker 1: is it's an interesting question, like what do you do 450 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:06,840 Speaker 1: with all of those years? And and it's so it's 451 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:10,359 Speaker 1: a seductive idea because none of us want to die, right, 452 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:12,760 Speaker 1: I mean we that that's one of the bittersweet things 453 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:15,679 Speaker 1: about living is that it's it is precious and you 454 00:24:15,720 --> 00:24:18,399 Speaker 1: know that, Um, if if we could, we could extend 455 00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:21,320 Speaker 1: it as long as possible. Yeah, and especially if we 456 00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:23,440 Speaker 1: felt good, you know. But also the fear of death, 457 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:25,600 Speaker 1: you know, it prevents us from doing certain things because 458 00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:28,359 Speaker 1: us you know, their ramifications like this, when you know 459 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:30,760 Speaker 1: there was no death, more people, more of us would 460 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:33,720 Speaker 1: have jet skis, right, um, because they look like a 461 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:37,480 Speaker 1: lot of fun. But but yeah, what does it keep 462 00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:39,960 Speaker 1: us from doing? What is it enables to do? I mean, 463 00:24:40,040 --> 00:24:42,760 Speaker 1: if if we knew we had three hundred years, which 464 00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:45,880 Speaker 1: some of us. Wait, two hundred and ninety years before 465 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:48,480 Speaker 1: we started writing that book, we've been dreaming about writing. 466 00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 1: I mean I say, no, yeah, I say, if you're 467 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,080 Speaker 1: not going to write that books, you're just not going 468 00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:58,959 Speaker 1: to That's true. Continue to put that off from a procrastinator, 469 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:02,160 Speaker 1: uh speaking right now? Okay, well how about this. Look 470 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: at authors who you know they write that those you know, 471 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:07,120 Speaker 1: those like three year two, one to three really good books, 472 00:25:07,119 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 1: and then they just write a lot of less interesting stuff. 473 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:12,000 Speaker 1: We're musicians, you know, artists where they have that one 474 00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:14,479 Speaker 1: burst of creativity and then it kind of dwindles out 475 00:25:14,520 --> 00:25:16,600 Speaker 1: throughout the rest of their career. You have exceptions to 476 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:18,680 Speaker 1: this rule, but you see it a lot. Yeah, but 477 00:25:18,760 --> 00:25:20,600 Speaker 1: didn't you want to see what Stephen King is doing 478 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:24,280 Speaker 1: in five years? I don't know, because that's a good example, 479 00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:26,919 Speaker 1: you know. I mean, I I've I've really loved Stephen 480 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:30,479 Speaker 1: King in the past, but I I'm not necessarily as 481 00:25:30,520 --> 00:25:36,040 Speaker 1: into his recent works, So you know, I don't know, 482 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:39,160 Speaker 1: like the would ones work get better? Would it? Would? 483 00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,879 Speaker 1: It would? Living three hundred years, so that means that 484 00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:45,119 Speaker 1: you'd be at your best for three best. But that 485 00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:47,960 Speaker 1: give you completely different understanding about living in a whole 486 00:25:47,960 --> 00:25:51,280 Speaker 1: new new tool set to express yourself. That's that's one 487 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:54,159 Speaker 1: of the questions. Um. And then another just on a 488 00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:57,240 Speaker 1: you know, very like nuts and bolts level, what about 489 00:25:57,240 --> 00:26:00,920 Speaker 1: social security? Yeah? How do we for all this? Right? 490 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:02,600 Speaker 1: And I mean there are people right now who are 491 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:05,440 Speaker 1: saying we have to revisit the you know, sixty five 492 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:09,160 Speaker 1: cut off I think within the States, right, So security, 493 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:12,719 Speaker 1: you know, starting these benefits sign because the life expensency 494 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:17,320 Speaker 1: has already become much greater than what we had before. 495 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,199 Speaker 1: And just think about this too. But before the fifteenth century, 496 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:23,800 Speaker 1: I mean, most people did not live to like age thirty. 497 00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:27,080 Speaker 1: So we really have made a lot of games. We 498 00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:30,520 Speaker 1: just don't think about it right now. Um. And so 499 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,159 Speaker 1: you know, even if Degray is like completely off his rocker, 500 00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:37,359 Speaker 1: there's a really good chance that we're still going to start, 501 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,719 Speaker 1: you know, reaching ages of a dred and fifty and 502 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:43,679 Speaker 1: so on and so forth. So, so security, what do 503 00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:45,359 Speaker 1: you do about that? You know, what do you do 504 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:49,159 Speaker 1: about overpopulation? Yeah, I mean it's it's it's a it's 505 00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:53,040 Speaker 1: a real concern. Also, look at your health benefits. Do 506 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:57,080 Speaker 1: does health insurance then pay for your longevity treatments? Gets 507 00:26:57,080 --> 00:26:59,520 Speaker 1: who gets to live this long and then does it 508 00:26:59,560 --> 00:27:02,160 Speaker 1: become a a basic human right to get I mean, 509 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:04,920 Speaker 1: would do one day instead of being you know, someone 510 00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:07,520 Speaker 1: making the argument, hey, you know this is irresponsible behavior 511 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:10,800 Speaker 1: because they're starving people in sub Saharan Africa, or there's 512 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:13,840 Speaker 1: rampid disease and Subsora Saharan Africa. What if people were saying, 513 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:15,959 Speaker 1: you know, this is irresponsible to be because there are 514 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:20,400 Speaker 1: people dying of old age at eight in sub Saharan Africa, which, 515 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:25,400 Speaker 1: granted by contemporary standards, that would be great, wonderful situation. 516 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:28,680 Speaker 1: But but yeah, imagine a time where that's the arguments, 517 00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:30,480 Speaker 1: you know, or you know, you end up having, you know, 518 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:32,879 Speaker 1: an elite class that gets to live as long as 519 00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:34,960 Speaker 1: they pretty much want to live, and then everybody else 520 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:37,359 Speaker 1: can't afford it. I mean, you see this type of 521 00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:40,320 Speaker 1: idea of popping up in science fiction for a reason 522 00:27:40,359 --> 00:27:43,520 Speaker 1: because some of these and this is something we're thinking about, well, 523 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:47,720 Speaker 1: and if it were then available to everyone again over population, 524 00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:49,320 Speaker 1: So you have to make a choice at some point 525 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:52,920 Speaker 1: as as a society, do you have a low death 526 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:56,600 Speaker 1: rate or do you have a low or a high 527 00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:58,919 Speaker 1: birth rate? You know what I'm saying you're just like 528 00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:01,920 Speaker 1: a mandatory death at a certain time or what was 529 00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:05,040 Speaker 1: it close? It not calliope? What was the thing in 530 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:09,240 Speaker 1: Logan's Run? Mmmm, I don't know, it's like not callioppy. 531 00:28:09,520 --> 00:28:12,959 Speaker 1: What's the thing with the horses? Yeah, what's the thing 532 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:15,320 Speaker 1: with the horses that goes? You know, you ride the 533 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:18,560 Speaker 1: horse and you know it's like at the circus circus 534 00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:21,480 Speaker 1: riding horse. I haven't seen the movie recently enough at 535 00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:24,440 Speaker 1: any rate. That thing that they had, they've ensured that 536 00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:30,080 Speaker 1: everybody died at thirty and Logan's Run carousel, I think 537 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:33,240 Speaker 1: it was a carousel. Okay, we would never do well 538 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:36,600 Speaker 1: on sixty five dollar pyramid. We we would just select. 539 00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:40,239 Speaker 1: So so anyway, maybe you'd have to have something like 540 00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:41,840 Speaker 1: that where everyone's like, all right, you can live to 541 00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:44,520 Speaker 1: be five, but then you gotta call it quits or 542 00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:47,680 Speaker 1: if you know, or maybe they're special exceptions if you're 543 00:28:47,960 --> 00:28:51,280 Speaker 1: going and it just gets really complicated and mucky, it does, 544 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:53,160 Speaker 1: and there's just so many different problems with this, and 545 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,600 Speaker 1: of course, um, you know, I I even just look 546 00:28:55,640 --> 00:28:57,640 Speaker 1: at our skin and say, I'm pretty sure that this 547 00:28:57,720 --> 00:28:59,719 Speaker 1: skin is not going to make it to one tho 548 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:02,160 Speaker 1: years and yes, I know that there are in vitro 549 00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: meat uh. You know method that we could probably apply 550 00:29:06,440 --> 00:29:08,160 Speaker 1: to you know, where you take that that that's that 551 00:29:08,280 --> 00:29:10,840 Speaker 1: skin cells from a cow and grow meat out of that. 552 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:14,200 Speaker 1: Every U we can grow our own skin. Every twenty years. 553 00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:17,640 Speaker 1: You go down to the to the cloning vats. Uh. 554 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:20,280 Speaker 1: They give you a good flame and then you get 555 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:22,960 Speaker 1: a new skin out of the vats. So you get eviscerated. 556 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:25,240 Speaker 1: And then we'll not eviscerated. You get to keep your gut, 557 00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:28,480 Speaker 1: your guts, you know, okay, but you lose the skin 558 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,040 Speaker 1: get a new skin. The evisceration. That's a separate treatment 559 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:32,880 Speaker 1: where you get all new guts. All right, all right, 560 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:37,160 Speaker 1: there you go. That's there's just a their myriad of 561 00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:39,960 Speaker 1: different challenges. Also, oh wait, there's one more I have 562 00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:42,240 Speaker 1: to have to bring up to is the idea like 563 00:29:42,320 --> 00:29:45,560 Speaker 1: just psychologically and emotionally what happens to us over the 564 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:50,719 Speaker 1: course um because memory memory. Um. There's a great like 565 00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:54,760 Speaker 1: one of the more dystopian uh concepts of immortality out 566 00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:57,480 Speaker 1: there comes from one of my favorite authors mentioned before, 567 00:29:58,040 --> 00:30:00,280 Speaker 1: our Scott Baker. He has this U. He has this 568 00:30:00,520 --> 00:30:03,280 Speaker 1: epic fantasy series that is just really chocked with a 569 00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:07,760 Speaker 1: lot of philosophical stuff because he was a philosophy PhD 570 00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:10,840 Speaker 1: guy and U and he has this idea of this 571 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,720 Speaker 1: immortal race that he calls the non men, and they 572 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:18,560 Speaker 1: all basically they've basically forgotten everything about their their history 573 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:22,080 Speaker 1: except for the traumas. Like after a while, after you know, 574 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,200 Speaker 1: a long life of just accumulating trauma after trauma and 575 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,520 Speaker 1: misery after misery, it just compiles. It's like kind of 576 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:30,719 Speaker 1: like your skin analogy, you know what their skin like. 577 00:30:31,080 --> 00:30:33,000 Speaker 1: If you know, we get a scar here, a scar here, 578 00:30:33,040 --> 00:30:35,600 Speaker 1: do we eventually just become all scar tissue? And these 579 00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:39,840 Speaker 1: guys are like all emotional scar tissue after centuries of life, 580 00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:42,959 Speaker 1: and they're just they don't remember the people they loved. 581 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:46,160 Speaker 1: They only have vague memories of the horrors they've suffered. 582 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:48,719 Speaker 1: So how do we avoid that? All? Right? Eternal sunshine, 583 00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:51,720 Speaker 1: the spotless mind, right, okay, okay, so you basically can 584 00:30:51,760 --> 00:30:53,680 Speaker 1: erase the memories. And I think about the Blue Brain 585 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:56,920 Speaker 1: project that we talked about in cyber Immortality, which you 586 00:30:56,960 --> 00:30:59,920 Speaker 1: know there there's I believe it's in Germany. There's team 587 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:05,240 Speaker 1: um that are working on this to try to to 588 00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:09,400 Speaker 1: map the human brain and basically you know, in this 589 00:31:09,480 --> 00:31:12,480 Speaker 1: mathematical model, and so the idea is that one day, 590 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:14,240 Speaker 1: not only can we see how our brains are working, 591 00:31:14,280 --> 00:31:16,680 Speaker 1: but it's very possible that you could like download a 592 00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: copy of your own brain. So why wouldn't you be 593 00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 1: able to to erase those memories and just re upload, okay? 594 00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:25,040 Speaker 1: Or but in a sense, you kind of it's kind 595 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:29,360 Speaker 1: of like playing poker. It's like you, where's it blackjack? Oh, anyway, 596 00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:31,720 Speaker 1: you keep getting cards in your hand until you're like, 597 00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:34,080 Speaker 1: all right, whole, that's good. So it's like you you 598 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:35,920 Speaker 1: you let your mind developed a certain point and then 599 00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:37,400 Speaker 1: you're like, all right, that's good. We're not going to 600 00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:40,120 Speaker 1: add any more experiences to this. We're just going to 601 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:43,640 Speaker 1: sort of hold and erase things since they o yeah, 602 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:46,280 Speaker 1: and and and just as a practical matter too, by 603 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:48,320 Speaker 1: the time that you reach one dred, you're probably gonna 604 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:50,560 Speaker 1: want a copy of your brain, right so you can 605 00:31:50,560 --> 00:31:53,240 Speaker 1: start to index your memories and um, I mean, because 606 00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:55,560 Speaker 1: that's just that's enormous. That's that's one of the things 607 00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:59,240 Speaker 1: that I think, well, is the human brain actually equipped 608 00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:04,720 Speaker 1: to hold on to a thousand years worth of memories, UM, emotions, 609 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:06,800 Speaker 1: that are attached to him, so on and so forth. 610 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:09,200 Speaker 1: So now I'm liking this idea. And maybe the way 611 00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:12,280 Speaker 1: living well it's gonna point us to. But maybe the 612 00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:14,680 Speaker 1: way living for six years is that every two hundred 613 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:16,680 Speaker 1: years you kind of push the reset button and you 614 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:19,400 Speaker 1: sort of clean out everything that's not completely relevant and 615 00:32:19,480 --> 00:32:22,760 Speaker 1: start new, because you know, new friends, new family, new 616 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: uh new you know, purpose in life. I see lawsuits happening. 617 00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:31,480 Speaker 1: I'm thinking of like Lasic Surfery, you know, like when 618 00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:34,800 Speaker 1: when that was that first came out, And I'm thinking 619 00:32:34,840 --> 00:32:37,560 Speaker 1: about like someone resets your brain on accident to like 620 00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:42,440 Speaker 1: some sort of failing, you know, Toddler infancy memory bank, 621 00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:44,560 Speaker 1: and and all of a sudden, like you have to 622 00:32:44,600 --> 00:32:47,640 Speaker 1: relearn the entire world as an adult. I don't know, 623 00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:50,000 Speaker 1: these are things to think about. We could keep going 624 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:52,360 Speaker 1: on about this for sure, Yeah, I know we could, 625 00:32:53,040 --> 00:32:58,880 Speaker 1: but but yeah, birthday candle, it's possible. Get your fire 626 00:32:58,920 --> 00:33:02,720 Speaker 1: extinguishers ready. Yeah, So hey, I have a couple of 627 00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:08,000 Speaker 1: listener males here. This is just a quick one um 628 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:10,320 Speaker 1: our listener by the name of Eric right soon and 629 00:33:10,360 --> 00:33:14,040 Speaker 1: says in this episode that he's referring to the Tyrannossaur 630 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,720 Speaker 1: Sex podcast. He says, in this episode, Julie said hard 631 00:33:16,720 --> 00:33:20,360 Speaker 1: to imagine dinosaurs quote kicking boots. I'm almost sure she 632 00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:23,280 Speaker 1: meant to say knocking boots. Had me laughing all day. 633 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:27,280 Speaker 1: Loved the podcast. I didn't notice, but kicking boots, kicking 634 00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:30,040 Speaker 1: or knocking, it is knocking boots. I feel like it 635 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:31,719 Speaker 1: could be kicking boots somewhere. I was going to make 636 00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:34,560 Speaker 1: a joke that, like in my my mom, you know, 637 00:33:34,640 --> 00:33:37,800 Speaker 1: Michigan Dutch upbringing that it was. We called it kicking boots. 638 00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:40,240 Speaker 1: But now I know better it it's it's knocking boots. 639 00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:41,560 Speaker 1: You could get away with it. This thing was a 640 00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:47,959 Speaker 1: regional thing. Yeah, it's kicking boots in Michigan. Um And anyway, 641 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,800 Speaker 1: I just that's just another opportunity to promote the dinosaurs 642 00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:57,040 Speaker 1: Knocking boots episode. And then here's another one referring to 643 00:33:57,080 --> 00:34:01,920 Speaker 1: that particular episode. Jordan's right, sin Hi, Robert and Julie. Yesterday, 644 00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:04,480 Speaker 1: I was listening to your episode on dino sex. One 645 00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:08,120 Speaker 1: word and I couldn't help but think chloacle Kiss sounded 646 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:10,000 Speaker 1: like a good name for a metal band. I like 647 00:34:10,120 --> 00:34:11,960 Speaker 1: the phrase so much I even used it on my 648 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:16,000 Speaker 1: Facebook status score. A friend later informed me that there 649 00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:19,120 Speaker 1: is in fact a decent metal band called chloacle Kiss. 650 00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:21,399 Speaker 1: I've tried to give them a listen, but every time 651 00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:24,919 Speaker 1: I do, I get a vision of uh, look, shall 652 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:28,240 Speaker 1: we say vallesca raptor indecency with the grinding and screeching 653 00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:31,839 Speaker 1: of the music as the soundtrack. Anyway, despite my unfortunate, 654 00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:34,319 Speaker 1: unfortunate and then old pictures, I wanted to thank you 655 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:36,719 Speaker 1: for bringing my love of music and science together. I'm 656 00:34:36,719 --> 00:34:39,080 Speaker 1: a huge fan of the podcast. I'm pretty sure you're 657 00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:41,239 Speaker 1: sure you guys play a big part in keeping me 658 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:46,399 Speaker 1: saying while I'm at were Some might argue that um 659 00:34:46,400 --> 00:34:50,080 Speaker 1: prolonged descriptions of dinosaurs doing it would would have the 660 00:34:50,120 --> 00:34:53,160 Speaker 1: opposite effects and insanity, but but you know, I feel 661 00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:54,960 Speaker 1: like our listeners are the ones that are enriched by 662 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:59,080 Speaker 1: such things, not to be over the edge. Yeah, So, 663 00:34:59,239 --> 00:35:01,000 Speaker 1: if you have any thing you would like to share, 664 00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:03,759 Speaker 1: you can check out our own Facebook status updates on 665 00:35:03,880 --> 00:35:06,160 Speaker 1: Blow the Mind on Facebook, and we're also on Twitter 666 00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:09,960 Speaker 1: as Blow the Mind, and we update that those feeds 667 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,279 Speaker 1: pretty regularly. Different stuff on each We kind of try 668 00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:14,759 Speaker 1: to diversify, but you know, cool links to stuff that 669 00:35:14,800 --> 00:35:17,480 Speaker 1: we're finding, cool stuff, links to stuff we're writing, and 670 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:20,600 Speaker 1: updates on what the latest episodes are about. And as always, 671 00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:22,920 Speaker 1: you can always drop us a line at blow the 672 00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:29,120 Speaker 1: Mind at how stuff works dot com. For more on 673 00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:31,800 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works 674 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:34,440 Speaker 1: dot com. To learn more about the podcast, click on 675 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:37,440 Speaker 1: the podcast icon in the upper right corner of our homepage. 676 00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:40,800 Speaker 1: The how Stuff Works iPhone app has a ride. Download 677 00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:42,239 Speaker 1: it today on iTunes.