1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:04,960 Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events 3 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,440 Speaker 1: in history in this episode. They're both good, if I 4 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:11,840 Speaker 1: do say so myself. On with the show. Hello, Hello, everyone, 5 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:15,400 Speaker 1: Welcome to this Day in History class, where we bring 6 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: you a new tidbit from history every day. The day 7 00:00:26,079 --> 00:00:31,159 Speaker 1: was Dune eighth, nineteen seventy two. The Vietnam War, a 8 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: particularly deadly conflict, had been going on for nearly two decades. 9 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:40,960 Speaker 1: Associated press photographer Nick Boot was outside of Chong Bong, 10 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:45,760 Speaker 1: a village in southeast Vietnam, when a South Vietnamese aircraft 11 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:50,360 Speaker 1: dropped his payload of napalm. Boot took photos of the scene. 12 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: One of those photos became known as the Napalm Girl 13 00:00:53,680 --> 00:00:56,400 Speaker 1: photo of black and white picture of a young girl 14 00:00:56,640 --> 00:01:00,680 Speaker 1: named Fonti Kim Fuk running naked as other children ran 15 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:06,480 Speaker 1: alongside her and South Vietnamese forces followed. The horrifying picture 16 00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:09,880 Speaker 1: became a symbol of the brutality of the war, and 17 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:14,160 Speaker 1: it got Nick Oot a Pulitzer prize. Nick Oot was 18 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:18,720 Speaker 1: born in Vietnam in nineteen fifty one, after his older brother, 19 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 1: who was an Associated press photographer, died in Vietnam. Oot 20 00:01:23,319 --> 00:01:26,560 Speaker 1: began to take photos for the A p at age sixteen, 21 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:30,400 Speaker 1: Oot was covering the Vietnam War for the AP when 22 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:34,320 Speaker 1: he captured the photo. Near Chang Bong, a South Vietnamese 23 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:38,039 Speaker 1: Air Force pilot flying a propeller driven American made A 24 00:01:38,160 --> 00:01:41,839 Speaker 1: one skywriter carried out the napalm bombing at Chang Bong. 25 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:45,240 Speaker 1: The point of the attack was to get North Vietnamese 26 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:49,600 Speaker 1: units out of their positions at Chang Bong. As witnessed 27 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:52,840 Speaker 1: the aftermath of the attack, he took photos he used 28 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:55,040 Speaker 1: to like a M two camera with a thirty five 29 00:01:55,200 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: millimeter Sumicron Lands TV cameraman Alan Downs had also caught 30 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,440 Speaker 1: footage of Kim Fuch and the other children running down 31 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:06,880 Speaker 1: the road away from the napalm attack. At the time 32 00:02:07,320 --> 00:02:10,760 Speaker 1: took the photo, called the Terror of War, Kim Fuk 33 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 1: was nine years old. Kim Fuk is just left of 34 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:17,600 Speaker 1: center in the photo, her mouth open in a yell 35 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:20,760 Speaker 1: and her arms outstretched as she runs towards the camera. 36 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:24,520 Speaker 1: The children that surround her are clothed and the South 37 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:27,919 Speaker 1: Vietnamese forces walk behind them as a plume of smoke 38 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: rises in the background. The fire caused by the bombs 39 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,680 Speaker 1: had burned off Kim Fuke's clothes and burned her skin. 40 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:40,640 Speaker 1: A correspondent gave her water and poured some on her burns. 41 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: When realized that Kim Fuke had been burned, he took 42 00:02:44,639 --> 00:02:48,120 Speaker 1: her to a hospital in Saigone. Doctor said she might 43 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:51,119 Speaker 1: not survive her third degree burns, and she was sent 44 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:55,400 Speaker 1: to a specialist plastic surgery center. She received many surgical 45 00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:58,720 Speaker 1: procedures for her injuries and survived, though some of her 46 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:03,240 Speaker 1: family members died. An editor at the AP rejected the 47 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:07,919 Speaker 1: photo because it showed full frontal nudity. Back then, photos 48 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:12,080 Speaker 1: that included nudity were off limits. Horse Foss, head of 49 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:14,920 Speaker 1: the Saigon photo department, said that they should make an 50 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: exception to publish the photo, under the condition that no 51 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: close ups of Kim Fuk would be permitted. How Buel, 52 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:25,520 Speaker 1: the New York photo editor, also believed the photo was 53 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:29,840 Speaker 1: worth sharing despite the nudity, so the AP transmitted the photo. 54 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:33,400 Speaker 1: Many newsrooms had to disregard their own policies of nudity 55 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 1: depiction in photographs to publish the image. White House recordings 56 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:40,400 Speaker 1: that were later released showed that then President Richard Nixon 57 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:43,920 Speaker 1: and Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman wondered whether the 58 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:47,920 Speaker 1: photo was authentic or actually staged. At the time the 59 00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:51,480 Speaker 1: photo was published, anti war sentiment had already been escalating 60 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:54,760 Speaker 1: in the United States, so the photo did not really 61 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: contribute as much to such feelings among Americans as some 62 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,680 Speaker 1: media sources have stated. It's also a myth, as some 63 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:04,240 Speaker 1: sources have noted that the photo helped in the war, 64 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: which came to a close in nineteen seventy five. In 65 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:11,240 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy three, the United States pulled out of the 66 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: Vietnam War. That same year, Oot won the Pulitzerprise for 67 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:18,440 Speaker 1: Spot News Photography and the World Press Photo of the 68 00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,479 Speaker 1: Year for that image. Boot and kim Fuch stayed in 69 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:26,280 Speaker 1: touch over the years. Nick Oot retired in t seventeen. 70 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:29,719 Speaker 1: Kim Fuch went on to help victims of war around 71 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:33,359 Speaker 1: the world. I'm Eve jeffco and hopefully you know a 72 00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:37,360 Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. Keep 73 00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:41,240 Speaker 1: up with us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at T 74 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 1: D I h C Podcast And if you are as 75 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: fascinated by history and its resounding effects as I am, 76 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,799 Speaker 1: you'd probably love the new podcast Unpopular. It's a show 77 00:04:52,839 --> 00:04:56,279 Speaker 1: I host about people who challenge the status quo, even 78 00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:59,359 Speaker 1: when they faced the threat of persecution. In the show, 79 00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:01,400 Speaker 1: I take a look at what the descent of our 80 00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:05,159 Speaker 1: forebears can teach us about protest and contrarian is m. Today, 81 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:07,960 Speaker 1: you can listen wherever you listen to this Day and 82 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:12,000 Speaker 1: History Class. Thanks again for being here and we'll see 83 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:24,279 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. Hey, y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to the 84 00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:26,800 Speaker 1: Sand History Class, a podcast where we rip out a 85 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:36,800 Speaker 1: page from the history books every single day. The day 86 00:05:36,839 --> 00:05:42,040 Speaker 1: was June three, a volcanic fissure in Iceland called Lacki 87 00:05:42,279 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 1: began erupting. The eruption, also known as the scoff Towl Fires, 88 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:51,880 Speaker 1: lasted eight months. Lack A gigar, or Lacky It's part 89 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:54,960 Speaker 1: of a volcanic system in the southeastern part of Iceland. 90 00:05:55,520 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 1: Another nearby volcano, Greenswatin, was erupting at the same time 91 00:05:59,839 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 1: as the Lucky fissure. At the time of the eruption, 92 00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:07,279 Speaker 1: the population of Iceland was at about fifty thousand. Weeks 93 00:06:07,279 --> 00:06:10,440 Speaker 1: before the eruption began, people in the area felt earthquakes. 94 00:06:11,520 --> 00:06:16,040 Speaker 1: On June three, black A gigar began erupting when lava 95 00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:18,359 Speaker 1: began pouring out of more than one d and thirty 96 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 1: volcanic craters. The eruption consisted of ten pulses of activity, 97 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: and each pulse had similar phases. There were earthquakes, then 98 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: a new fissure, then a short explosive eruption, then violent 99 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:34,560 Speaker 1: explosions with the high rate of magma discharge, then low 100 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:39,760 Speaker 1: level eruptions with lava flows. A priest named Jon Staying 101 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:44,320 Speaker 1: Grimson described the eruption saying, in part quote, first the 102 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:47,920 Speaker 1: ground swelled up with tremendous howling, then suddenly a cry 103 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:52,400 Speaker 1: shattered it into pieces. Volcanic ash from the eruption was 104 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 1: then carried away by the wind and spread over the 105 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,359 Speaker 1: land and sea. The lava from the fissures covered nearly 106 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:03,719 Speaker 1: one thousand square miles of land or sare kilometers. Volcanic 107 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:06,960 Speaker 1: gases convert to aerosols in the atmosphere and can't affect 108 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:11,480 Speaker 1: whole regions. The lava flows released sulfur dioxide, which created 109 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:15,440 Speaker 1: acid rains that killed trees and irritated skin. The clouds 110 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 1: of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride that lay produced turned 111 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:22,600 Speaker 1: into a haze that spread throughout Europe and into Russia 112 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:26,880 Speaker 1: and China. People realized that animals were being affected by 113 00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 1: the eruption, getting growths on their bodies and becoming bloated. 114 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:34,720 Speaker 1: As the earth was contaminated, livestock were poisoned. More than 115 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:38,480 Speaker 1: half of Iceland's grazing livestock died due to the Lucky eruption. 116 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:43,280 Speaker 1: Because the poisonous clouds killed crops and livestock, famine and 117 00:07:43,400 --> 00:07:46,640 Speaker 1: disease were rampant. This resulted in the depth of somewhere 118 00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:52,480 Speaker 1: between twenty and of Iceland's population. Some people have suggested 119 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,000 Speaker 1: that the famine and poverty the eruption caused helped trigger 120 00:07:56,040 --> 00:08:00,080 Speaker 1: the French Revolution. Most of the lava flows erupted it 121 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:02,640 Speaker 1: in the first five months of the event, but the 122 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: eruption wasn't completely over until February of four By the 123 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:10,920 Speaker 1: end of the eruption, the fissures extended for seventeen miles 124 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:14,760 Speaker 1: or twenty seven kilometers. The newly formed chain of volcanoes 125 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: was later named Lackey. The eruption had a huge impact 126 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:22,160 Speaker 1: on Iceland in other places in the Northern Hemisphere. It 127 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: produced one of the largest basaltic lava flows in recorded history, 128 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:29,760 Speaker 1: but it's direct effect on Earth's climate has been debated. 129 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 1: Some have suggested that the eruption caused regional cooling and 130 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:38,480 Speaker 1: precipitation patterns. I'm Eve Jeff Cote and hopefully you know 131 00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:41,400 Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 132 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:44,840 Speaker 1: And if you have any comments our suggestions, you can 133 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:47,320 Speaker 1: send them to us at this day at i heeart 134 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:49,719 Speaker 1: media dot com. Feel free to leave us a kind 135 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:52,400 Speaker 1: note on social media as well. We're at t d 136 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:56,320 Speaker 1: i h C Podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Thanks 137 00:08:56,360 --> 00:09:04,520 Speaker 1: for tuning in and we'll see you tomorrow. M For 138 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:07,320 Speaker 1: more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 139 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.