Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of five
Speaker 1: Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast.
Speaker 1: I'm Josh Bluie Clark. There's Charles W. Bam Bam Bryant
Speaker 1: and Jerry Radioactive Rolling. Oh boy, and this is stuff
Speaker 1: you should know. You still got it after all these years,
Speaker 1: you still got it. Yep. Hey, I think before we
Speaker 1: get going, we should talk very briefly about our audiobook.
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, because this week, in real time, we are
Speaker 1: each recording our respective parts for the audio book. And
Speaker 1: first of all, we just want to tell everyone there's
Speaker 1: going to be an audiobook version. Yeah, spoiler of Stuff
Speaker 1: you should know, colon and mostly incomplete guide two very
Speaker 1: interesting things man still an income compendium of mostly interesting things.
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, so we're we're trying to push that out
Speaker 1: as uh, you know, get both, is what I say.
Speaker 1: But if you're into audio books, we're doing one. But
Speaker 1: also I just want to make sure people know what
Speaker 1: they're getting. And I put this on the Stuff you
Speaker 1: Should Know Army page. They're not getting twenty seven new
Speaker 1: podcast episodes, no, and they should know that because our
Speaker 1: podcast is unscripted conversation. An audiobook is us reading an
Speaker 1: audiobook and rather than just weirdly trading lines reading from
Speaker 1: a script, which would I think that would dash a
Speaker 1: lot of people's image of of what we do. We
Speaker 1: are each reading chapters and I think they're gonna mix
Speaker 1: in some stuff here and there. But um, yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean it's gonna be great and fun. But it's not
Speaker 1: podcast episodes. We don't get to just fart around and
Speaker 1: make jokes like we gotta read our books we have.
Speaker 1: Oh man, we will be kept in line. If we
Speaker 1: try to fart around and make jokes, it would not
Speaker 1: be good. There's this whole time as money etho, yelling,
Speaker 1: sometimes crying. It's a real stressful situation. Everybody, How did
Speaker 1: you had that go for yesterday? Did you enjoy yourself?
Speaker 1: I just told you there's a lot of yelling and crying.
Speaker 1: It was very stressful. Yeah, it was fun. It was.
Speaker 1: It reminded me a lot of recording um The End
Speaker 1: of the World, because you know, I wrote those and
Speaker 1: then I read them, So it was very similar to that,
Speaker 1: except um a lot less heavy. Yeah. I was slightly
Speaker 1: nervous at first for some reason after talking for twelve years,
Speaker 1: probably just because you weren't there, But then it was like, uh,
Speaker 1: you know it was it was fine. Did Fleet the
Speaker 1: director calm you make you feel better? Yeah? I mean,
Speaker 1: you know, I got I got in my group. I
Speaker 1: felt pretty pretty comfy by the end of it. Yeah, So,
Speaker 1: I mean it has it is fun. It's definitely a
Speaker 1: lot of extra work this week, but it's kind of cool.
Speaker 1: You know, at the end, we're gonna have a bona
Speaker 1: fide audio book. That's right in, a bonafide book that
Speaker 1: you can pre order now. And uh, we're also working
Speaker 1: on getting that pre order gift available to the UK
Speaker 1: and Australia and other parts of the world because we
Speaker 1: have different publishers there. It's not like we were trying
Speaker 1: to exclude everyone, no, no, but we are moving heaven
Speaker 1: Earth to get it done. And yeah, if you're in
Speaker 1: the US and Canada and your pre order, if you
Speaker 1: haven't gotten your poster yet, worry not. You're going to
Speaker 1: get your pre order gift eventually. That's right. Wow. So
Speaker 1: um for the fifteen seventeen people who stuck around prepared
Speaker 1: to learn about fallout shelters, because that's ultimately what we're
Speaker 1: here to talk about today, that's right. Actually, before that,
Speaker 1: I have to say one more thing, O, God, I
Speaker 1: posted that squirrel attack video on my Instagram, you know
Speaker 1: that we talked about on the episode because people kept
Speaker 1: asking and so I put it up. I'm at Chuck
Speaker 1: the podcaster. If you want to see a squirrel go
Speaker 1: berserk and literally fly through the air and hit me
Speaker 1: in the leg, then you can. You can see that.
Speaker 1: And it's been like fifteen thousand times. Now, one of
Speaker 1: these days, I hope you'll infest up to what you
Speaker 1: did to provoke that squirrel. I mean, the whole thing
Speaker 1: is there. You see me exit my house, so yeah,
Speaker 1: but I mean we didn't know like what happened half
Speaker 1: hour before. You know, that had been ongoing for the
Speaker 1: last week. That's so now I think we're going to
Speaker 1: talk about fallout shelters because Chuck Um, your house has
Speaker 1: a basement, but it's exposed on one side to the outdoors.
Speaker 1: It's not an in ground basement as far as I know,
Speaker 1: and hopefully I'm not divulging too much information about your house,
Speaker 1: so so weird fans will be able to find it
Speaker 1: and show up. Well, actually, you know, one side of
Speaker 1: it is exposed to the world, but the other side
Speaker 1: is you know, ten feet of earth and red clay,
Speaker 1: like it could have been a great fallout shelter had
Speaker 1: it not been for that one side. Sure, but there
Speaker 1: are things you could do or could have done. I
Speaker 1: think we should use past tents here, because the need
Speaker 1: for a fallout shelter, as far as the nuclear war
Speaker 1: goes vanishingly remote these days. I like to think, I
Speaker 1: don't think should getting any fear mongering. Um, but there
Speaker 1: are a few things you could have done or could
Speaker 1: do to build the follow up shelter with that. That
Speaker 1: that good side, I guess, and we're going to talk
Speaker 1: about that today. But mainly what we're talking about the
Speaker 1: followup shelters is almost kind of like this examination of
Speaker 1: the world psyche during the Cold War, to where as
Speaker 1: the nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union in the United
Speaker 1: States started to build up in step with one another,
Speaker 1: and we were suddenly in a nuclear arms race where
Speaker 1: just ten years before there were no such thing as
Speaker 1: nuclear weapons, people started to realize like, oh man, if
Speaker 1: one of these goes off near me, I'm in big trouble.
Speaker 1: And they started looking around to the government to say, hey, um,
Speaker 1: what should I do? And at first the government was
Speaker 1: like you know, figure it out yourself. And then eventually
Speaker 1: the government kind of got a little more involved, and
Speaker 1: before you know it, we had a national fallout shelter program.
Speaker 1: As feeble and terrible as it was, at least we
Speaker 1: had one. Yeah. What's really funny is when you read
Speaker 1: up on this stuff and you learn that President Kennedy,
Speaker 1: uh John F. Kennedy, that is, asked Congress for a
Speaker 1: hundred million dollars to build public fallout shelters. That is
Speaker 1: such an adorable number. Now that would build like tin
Speaker 1: fallout shelters these days, maybe like that's maybe that's like
Speaker 1: the amount of money that would take to get like
Speaker 1: a motorcade to the cap right from the White House basically,
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, but it was a real threat back then. Um,
Speaker 1: and I can't remember what episode it may have been,
Speaker 1: Uh nuclear radiation. Uh we did one on the disaster
Speaker 1: in Japan. Yeah, we've done a couple on this. But
Speaker 1: I know that I told the story of my father
Speaker 1: like having us sort of do of a fallout shelter
Speaker 1: when I was ten or twelve years old after the
Speaker 1: movie the day after aired on television, And yeah, I
Speaker 1: remember that. Yeah, I mean, you know, it was my
Speaker 1: brother and I taking out digging out buckets of dirt
Speaker 1: and carrying them out in the woods and dumping them
Speaker 1: for probably three or four weekends and then we stopped.
Speaker 1: So you guys were coverage if something happened, Yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean we could have. Yeah, it was pretty gross. So
Speaker 1: was it akin to this, um this this shelter that
Speaker 1: we were going to go over at the end? Was
Speaker 1: it like that? Well, I mean it eventually could have been,
Speaker 1: which is to say, a you know, kind of a
Speaker 1: concrete room underground surrounded by earth. Oh yeah, no, I'm
Speaker 1: saying like the kind where it's like you dig a
Speaker 1: trench and put some woodpoles. This is part of um
Speaker 1: my basement. Like my dad had a workshop and on
Speaker 1: the interior wall of the workshop he knocked down the
Speaker 1: cinder block wall and we just started digging, which I'm
Speaker 1: safe to the foundation of the house, right, He's like, yeah,
Speaker 1: it's probably not low bearing. Yeah, exactly. But yeah. There
Speaker 1: was definitely a point in time, especially during the height
Speaker 1: of the Cold War, where it was like this is
Speaker 1: this is We're really in danger here. The world was
Speaker 1: just kind of walking around just twitching and shaking at
Speaker 1: the idea of this and part of the problem was
Speaker 1: not just the idea that um a bomb was going
Speaker 1: to go off and just blow cities apart, because apparently
Speaker 1: there was this UM one of the nuclear deterrent theories,
Speaker 1: the game theories that that people kind of operated under.
Speaker 1: UM said, no, you know what, if we ever engage
Speaker 1: in nuclear war, UM, we're just going to be attacking
Speaker 1: military installations side to side, and so we don't really
Speaker 1: have to worry about that for people in New York
Speaker 1: or d C. Or you know, Atlanta, wherever, any of
Speaker 1: the major metropolitan cities. We have to worry about those
Speaker 1: cities getting leveled. But there's gonna be a huge problem
Speaker 1: for the people living there because there's such a thing
Speaker 1: as radioactive fallout. It's not just the bomb that gets you,
Speaker 1: it's the fallout afterward. Yeah, I mean, if you're talking
Speaker 1: about a nuclear bomb, a nuclear warhead, uh to pends
Speaker 1: on what kind um. You know, back then it was,
Speaker 1: it was different than it is now. But let's say
Speaker 1: a one megaton h bomb back in the day would
Speaker 1: completely wipe out everything within about two miles from where
Speaker 1: I hit. Yeah, and I know I said, we weren't
Speaker 1: in a fearmonger Chuck but I found out that there
Speaker 1: is a bomb in the U s Arsenal called the
Speaker 1: B A D three which is one point to megatunts
Speaker 1: and it can be carried around very easily by the
Speaker 1: B two bomber. So those exists. Uh so two miles
Speaker 1: everything is gone. Um and this is from the blast
Speaker 1: and a person if you're like five miles away from
Speaker 1: that bomb site, you're gonna get hit with third degree
Speaker 1: burns just from that blast. Yeah, you're gonna be hate
Speaker 1: in life. Um. So the blast is going to be
Speaker 1: bad enough. And and again yet just for from for
Speaker 1: people miles away could be burned to death, um, incinerated, vaporized,
Speaker 1: just all sorts of terrible stuff. But if you're living
Speaker 1: outside of that blast zone, you've got problems in the
Speaker 1: radioactivity that's going to to be generated by it. Because
Speaker 1: when those bombs explode, they release a lot of radioactive
Speaker 1: particles of different varieties, and those things go up in
Speaker 1: the air and they get kind of carried around and
Speaker 1: stirred up in the atmosphere, but a lot of them
Speaker 1: are heavy enough that they come back down and basically
Speaker 1: around the area in a larger area around the bomb's epicenter. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and we should probably just go over some of these
Speaker 1: different types of radiation. Some of it you might recognize
Speaker 1: from various incredible Hulk comic books. But you've got your
Speaker 1: alpha particles, your beta particles, you've got gamma raise, you've
Speaker 1: got neutrons. The gamma rais is what got Hulk, right,
Speaker 1: I think so? Right, Yeah, I'm pretty sure because gamma
Speaker 1: rays are green and Hulk was green. That's right. I
Speaker 1: think that's it. And the other sweet sweet purple pants
Speaker 1: that somehow still fit. So the alpha and beta particles,
Speaker 1: they are not great, but they are easily stopped. It's
Speaker 1: probably the best way to say it. Yeah, So here's
Speaker 1: the thing, Like every everything I tried to read about
Speaker 1: this is like they would go to great links to
Speaker 1: be like, well, this one isn't isn't like that much
Speaker 1: of a problem. This one's way worse, And then finally
Speaker 1: they throw up their hands and be like, actually, all
Speaker 1: of this is just gonna be one big giant cluster
Speaker 1: because depending on the different type of radioactive particle um,
Speaker 1: there's different situations where they're way worse than the other one.
Speaker 1: Like a gamma ray is really bad because it can
Speaker 1: go clear through several inches of lead right into you
Speaker 1: on the other side of the lead through your body,
Speaker 1: and then everything it comes in contact with, say all
Speaker 1: of your cells and tissues and bones and all that stuff.
Speaker 1: It really screws them up genetically, and you can develop
Speaker 1: cancer and radiation sickness and all that. That's pretty bad.
Speaker 1: But then you've got alpha particles where they can be
Speaker 1: stopped by a piece of paper. They can't even make
Speaker 1: it through your skin, but they could get all over
Speaker 1: like crops in the water, and we drink them and
Speaker 1: eat them, and then they cause all sorts of sorts
Speaker 1: of problems inside of too. So there's really no good
Speaker 1: radioactive particle as far as a fallout from a nuclear
Speaker 1: bomb is concerned. Yeah, not at all. Because so don't
Speaker 1: you know if you read up on this stuff and
Speaker 1: it said, oh, a piece of paper, a little bit
Speaker 1: of plastic, you can stop beta particles and alpha particles.
Speaker 1: Just think about the area breathing, the water you're drinking,
Speaker 1: the the maze you're growing. Sure, if you want to
Speaker 1: get traditional, it's all very dangerous. Yeah, don't just be like, oh,
Speaker 1: let's make a paper suit out of newspapers and maybe
Speaker 1: a little paper tried corner and hat out of newspapers.
Speaker 1: I'll be fine. But like you said, when this bomb hits,
Speaker 1: that mushroom cloud goes up. Everything's all mixed together and
Speaker 1: as the wind blows these little uh. I think John
Speaker 1: Fuller old pal wrote this one a long time ago,
Speaker 1: right for how stuff works. But he said there are
Speaker 1: lots of little there. They act like little tiny missiles
Speaker 1: basically that are just going off all over the place. Yeah.
Speaker 1: That was the neutrons, right, I yeah, I think the
Speaker 1: neutrons specific he called the missiles, but they kind of
Speaker 1: all are. Yeah, they are there. They're super high energy
Speaker 1: and gamma rays um. Like I said, they can pass
Speaker 1: right through you. Neutrons are a problem in the relative
Speaker 1: immediate blast area because they're very heavy, so they don't
Speaker 1: go nearly as far as they like gamma rays or
Speaker 1: X rays or alpha particles or beta particles. But they
Speaker 1: all do damage in their own unique, special snowflake way. Yeah.
Speaker 1: And it's also I mean, this stuff is being carried
Speaker 1: around by um the wind, but the actual particles that
Speaker 1: you're seeing is is actually Earth that is now enriched
Speaker 1: with this stuff that is poofed up from that crater
Speaker 1: where Earth Earth used to be. I guess right, and
Speaker 1: so knowing all this like this was this is like
Speaker 1: why people started to be like, oh, okay, maybe we
Speaker 1: should start building fallout shelters to to live in or
Speaker 1: inhabit for you know, the immediate period after this this
Speaker 1: nuclear attack, UM, to give us a chance to survive
Speaker 1: and hopefully, you know, make it a few weeks, and
Speaker 1: then things will have died down, everybody has forgotten about
Speaker 1: the whole nuclear holocaust, and we can come back out
Speaker 1: and restart civilization. That was the really, honestly, if you
Speaker 1: get down to it, um, the thinking behind fallout shelters
Speaker 1: in the United States and the sixties and late fifties.
Speaker 1: All right, should we take a break there and then
Speaker 1: talk about these things? I think so some more. Yeah,
Speaker 1: all right, we'll be right back everyone, So chuck, I think, um,
Speaker 1: since we've got one act under our belt, we need
Speaker 1: to start the second act by telling everybody they can
Speaker 1: preorder our book. Hey, I took some vitamins. You know,
Speaker 1: I've been taking vitamins as much as I can, and
Speaker 1: I've got this multi vitamin you know, like the worst
Speaker 1: of vitamin can taste. I've got that horrible vitamin taste
Speaker 1: just stuck in the back of my throat because it
Speaker 1: got stuck there for half of a millisecond before it
Speaker 1: washed down, and it's just left this terrible taste of
Speaker 1: vitamin coding back there. It's driving me batty. How how
Speaker 1: is your health with the vitamins? Can you tell a difference? No? None?
Speaker 1: How's your pa? How's your urine? It's bright yellow? Which
Speaker 1: makes me just feel like such a chump, especially after
Speaker 1: our our vitamin supplement episode. Right, didn't we say like
Speaker 1: we pee most of it out? Yeah, there's good ones
Speaker 1: for sure, and I like the thing I'm taking go ones,
Speaker 1: but I just know that there's no telling right now.
Speaker 1: You're like, I'm using injectables now, pretty much snortable vitamins.
Speaker 1: So fallout shelters. Uh, it's funny here and and I'm
Speaker 1: glad John put it this way because it really makes
Speaker 1: a lot of sense. If you think about an SPF
Speaker 1: for sunscreen, it's a aim exact way with a fallout shelter.
Speaker 1: You have a PF, a protection factor, and that is
Speaker 1: just very simply a representative of UM being nfl out
Speaker 1: shelter or just being out in the open. And FEMA
Speaker 1: put out a pamphlet called standards for fallout shelters, and
Speaker 1: they said you need a PF of forty at least, yeah,
Speaker 1: if you want to, you know, and that that puts
Speaker 1: you down to about two point five of the radiation.
Speaker 1: Which I heard that number and I thought that was
Speaker 1: too much. Yeah, no, I think, um, what you're really
Speaker 1: shooting for is something like three hundred that kind of thing.
Speaker 1: Um that and they're saying like a minimum of forty
Speaker 1: or else, just you might as well just go lay
Speaker 1: out in the in the radioactivity for all the protection
Speaker 1: you're gonna get. Another way to look at that PF
Speaker 1: numbers that it's the denominator and the fraction of the
Speaker 1: radioactive exposure that you get compared to being outside of
Speaker 1: the shelter. So a PF of forty would mean that
Speaker 1: you get on. I'm more of a action guy than
Speaker 1: a decimal dude. Oh yeah, how about two? You you
Speaker 1: like decimals are fractions more? I don't like either one.
Speaker 1: But I think for our next live show in two
Speaker 1: you should wear a shirt that says fraction guy, and
Speaker 1: I'll have one that says decimal dude, and that'll just
Speaker 1: be our new tour outfit. Fair enough, and you can
Speaker 1: have yours printed on a button down shirt. Of course. Okay,
Speaker 1: that's yeah, because nothing looks better than good silk screening
Speaker 1: on a button down Oxford. Maybe by the time we
Speaker 1: go on tour again, this horrible vitamin taste will be
Speaker 1: out of my mouth. Maybe. So so with fallout shelters,
Speaker 1: there's a couple of kinds. Um if you're going back
Speaker 1: to the nineteen sixties that people were talking about, and
Speaker 1: that is the public one and then the private one
Speaker 1: that you just build at your house like we kind
Speaker 1: of didn't do. Um, I went down a bit of
Speaker 1: a rabbit hole. It's and this is be right up
Speaker 1: your alley. You probably did. This rabbit hole is pretty safe.
Speaker 1: I bet yeah, depends on how deep I guess. But
Speaker 1: if you start googling sixties fallout shelters, oh and I did.
Speaker 1: Oh boy, it's just a treasure trove of articles and pictures. Um.
Speaker 1: I saw one that these people in Woodland Hills, a
Speaker 1: suburb of l A bought or part of Greater Los Angeles,
Speaker 1: bought a house not too long ago, a few years ago,
Speaker 1: and they found a did you see this one? No?
Speaker 1: I saw some of Milwaukee this. Oh well, I saw
Speaker 1: the Milwaukee Article two. That was great. But they found
Speaker 1: a fifteen foot down under the earth fallout shelter that
Speaker 1: was fully stopped, like it was like a time capsule
Speaker 1: from and Brendan Fraser and Christopher Walkin. We're living in it.
Speaker 1: I can't remember who the mom was. Do you remember
Speaker 1: I didn't see that? You didn't know? It was cute movie? Yeah?
Speaker 1: Is that in cine? No? Man, no, no, no, this
Speaker 1: was blast from the past. Man was great too because
Speaker 1: the weasels in it? Oh was he? Yeah, Pauly Shure, Yeah,
Speaker 1: I knew it. That is, I just didn't Polly Shore,
Speaker 1: Seawan Austin and Brendan, Sean Auston whatever. That guys rich enough,
Speaker 1: he doesn't care what I say. So I was looking
Speaker 1: at all these nineteen sixty one period products and just
Speaker 1: like getting tingly feelings in my body because they were
Speaker 1: perfectly preserved for the most part, like faded and stuff.
Speaker 1: But there was a can like a coffee can, but
Speaker 1: it said multipurpose food Meals for Millions, and so I
Speaker 1: was like, I gotta find out what this is. And
Speaker 1: it turns out that Meals for Millions was a nonprofit
Speaker 1: from way back then. That is now UM International. Now
Speaker 1: now it's it's it's it's transformed into another name. These days,
Speaker 1: I think Freedom from Hunger is the new name. But
Speaker 1: these two guys, Clifford Clinton and Dr Henry Borsuk, took
Speaker 1: on this task of Borsok was a biochemist at cal Tech,
Speaker 1: and they took on this project of trying to find
Speaker 1: the best food to feed, like the cheapest, absolute, most
Speaker 1: bare bones thing you could put in a package to
Speaker 1: feed the hungry. And that's what they came up with,
Speaker 1: was this stuff in a can and it is uh
Speaker 1: sixty defadded soy grits plus dehydrated potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, onions, leaks, parsley,
Speaker 1: and spices, fortified with vitamins and minerals and it comes
Speaker 1: in a can and you boil it up and eat it.
Speaker 1: And it was something like two cents per serving. And
Speaker 1: it was a really ingenious idea. But this became I think,
Speaker 1: kind of a popular thing for fallout shelters because you
Speaker 1: could just stop cans and cans of this, like the
Speaker 1: most bare bones, caloric sort of healthy thing you could
Speaker 1: get meals for millions. That's pretty great. I did not
Speaker 1: expect it to actually be as healthy as what you
Speaker 1: just listed listed off. Yeah, I would love to taste
Speaker 1: some of it. Multi purpose of wood hills, I know,
Speaker 1: just call it food, what do you multi purpose food?
Speaker 1: Is that like a palmaide as well? Maybe One of
Speaker 1: a food that I ran across um that was pretty popular,
Speaker 1: especially among government funded fallout shelters, was this kind of
Speaker 1: like wheat cracker that was made from vulgar wheat, and
Speaker 1: apparently they were inspired by some crackers that were found
Speaker 1: in Egyptian tombs that were still edible after a couple
Speaker 1: of thousand years. So they're like, oh, that would be
Speaker 1: perfect for fallout shelters, so they kind of recreated those taste. Yeah,
Speaker 1: multi purpose. Apparently you could shave with them too, you
Speaker 1: might good. The Milwaukee article was pretty cool though, Um.
Speaker 1: I think that it said that, um, at the time,
Speaker 1: they were like three thousand plus personal shelters in the
Speaker 1: city of Milwaukee alone. Yeah. The thing is is, like,
Speaker 1: that's that's probably a pretty good number. The thing is,
Speaker 1: there's no official numbers for the fallout shelters that were
Speaker 1: built around the Cold War because there were a lot
Speaker 1: of public or private ones. But there's also public ones too,
Speaker 1: So let's keep talking about the private ones first, because
Speaker 1: if we're gonna follow the historical timeline, which I'm in
Speaker 1: favor of, UM around I think the late nineteen fifties,
Speaker 1: I think it was nineteen fifty seven in the Eisenhower administration,
Speaker 1: there was a report that's now called the Gaither Report,
Speaker 1: and it basically said, um, here's everything we figured out
Speaker 1: about a nuclear war. Um, the cities are toasts. People
Speaker 1: are going to die on mass we have no place
Speaker 1: to put them, for them to shelter in. And everybody's
Speaker 1: in a lot of trouble if there is a nuclear war.
Speaker 1: So really the best thing we need to focus on
Speaker 1: is to prevent a nuclear war from happening. Well, that
Speaker 1: leaked out and people said, well, what are we gonna do?
Speaker 1: And this is when the government was like, I don't know,
Speaker 1: once you build some some shelters and leave us alone.
Speaker 1: And so people started doing that and it became like
Speaker 1: a huge craze, and so UM shelters in places like
Speaker 1: that home in Woodland Hills or that one in Milwaukee,
Speaker 1: UM that are still around today. In some cases that
Speaker 1: became like a big deal, like um uh, like adding
Speaker 1: like a really nice swimming pool, or adding like a
Speaker 1: rec room or something like that. People turned to fallout
Speaker 1: shelters and they started building them like crazy. Yeah, And
Speaker 1: and from that Milwaukee I think it was in Milwaukee
Speaker 1: was the name of the website. But from what they
Speaker 1: said was they were being marketed, um as sort of
Speaker 1: multi purpose wreck rooms that in case the s goes down,
Speaker 1: it's conveniently um you know, lined with concrete and you
Speaker 1: could just sort of easily convert it. And I guess
Speaker 1: you would have some stuff stash there in either a
Speaker 1: closet or in in bins or something. And when you're
Speaker 1: not using you know, when there's no nuclear disaster, you're
Speaker 1: just using it as sort of a playroom or something. Yeah,
Speaker 1: there was some decorators show in Chicago in the late
Speaker 1: fifties I think, and they build this thing is the
Speaker 1: Living or the Family Room of Tomorrow, where it was
Speaker 1: exactly what you described. It was like a normal functioning
Speaker 1: family room, but it just happened to be in a
Speaker 1: basement in like foot thick concrete encased under the dirt. Yeah.
Speaker 1: I remember seeing when I was a kid, my brother
Speaker 1: and I did lots of sort of I mean, I
Speaker 1: guess it was an urban exploring but trespassing suburban exploring,
Speaker 1: and I remember a couple of distinct times that we
Speaker 1: saw event pipes just coming out of the earth in
Speaker 1: the forest and we never saw any entry way or
Speaker 1: anything like that. But that had to be some sort
Speaker 1: of fallout shelter. I think, yeah, probably. I mean we
Speaker 1: were near homes, but not like in the yard. We'd
Speaker 1: come across a couple of them in our various expeditions,
Speaker 1: like you know, just a clearly event pipe just coming
Speaker 1: out of the woodland forest. So yeah, I'm sure that's
Speaker 1: exactly what it was. I hope. Yeah. Well we didn't
Speaker 1: dig around if not. Have you ever seen that Hugh
Speaker 1: Jackman movie where like his wife is kidnap prisoners. Yeah? Man,
Speaker 1: that was really good. I'm really good. Yeah, great movie. So, Um,
Speaker 1: that's what's his face is doing the New Dune movie,
Speaker 1: didn't Evellaneus? Oh? Well, there you go. That's why it
Speaker 1: was so good. Yeah, he's he's a master. Um. I'm sorry, Chuck,
Speaker 1: I just can't not correct you. His name is Dennis
Speaker 1: Dennis Villanov. I'm sorry. So, um I was kidding. Anyway, Um,
Speaker 1: there was the private fallout shelter trend that just blew
Speaker 1: up and became a thing, and then UM in nineteen
Speaker 1: sixty one, President Kennedy sent a letter out. I'm surely
Speaker 1: it went out to more than just this, but there
Speaker 1: if you were a Life magazine subscriber, which was pretty
Speaker 1: substantial back in UM, in the September fifteenth edition, you
Speaker 1: got a letter from President Kennedy basically saying like, hey,
Speaker 1: you know this whole possibility of nuclear war thing, Well,
Speaker 1: we've decided we're going to do something about it. We
Speaker 1: the government, and we're going to start what's called the
Speaker 1: National Fallout Shelter Survey. And this with the survey, basically,
Speaker 1: what we're going to do is send out government officials
Speaker 1: and they're going to look at buildings all around the
Speaker 1: country and identify sites that have the potential of serving
Speaker 1: as a fallout shelter. And everyone says, well, that's great.
Speaker 1: So like a fallout shelter, so if like a nuclear
Speaker 1: bomb goes off over our city, we're gonna be saving.
Speaker 1: He's like, no, don't be ridiculous. That would cost a
Speaker 1: lot of money. Now this is going to protect you
Speaker 1: if um, if from radioactive fallout, you'll have to survive
Speaker 1: the blast, but this will this will hopefully protect you
Speaker 1: from the fallout afterward. Yeah, and you know, we kind
Speaker 1: of laugh about that, but I mean, there's no way
Speaker 1: they could have built enough like adequate shelters to protect
Speaker 1: all Americans from the blast. No, I mean there was
Speaker 1: a lot of Americans apparently did look at it at first,
Speaker 1: and they could have pretended to two hundred billion in
Speaker 1: in n another cute number. Actually they were like, oh no,
Speaker 1: that's we can't do that. We don't have that kind
Speaker 1: of money. So it was, like you said, I think
Speaker 1: a hundred and hundred and ninety million is what they
Speaker 1: ended up spending on it, which to me seems like
Speaker 1: a lot of money to send out some people to
Speaker 1: look at buildings and decide what was a fall at
Speaker 1: shelter and what wasn't. Yeah. You know what's really funny
Speaker 1: is when you look at what people did around the world,
Speaker 1: what countries did around the world, and how it's so
Speaker 1: jibes with how those countries are still today. Um, so
Speaker 1: the US did what we did. The Soviets said that
Speaker 1: they built a big, extensive system and they had an
Speaker 1: advanced cooling system and all these filters protecting against everything,
Speaker 1: and provisions food and water forever and uh, you know,
Speaker 1: this is this is the press release they put out. Basically,
Speaker 1: who knows what really happened? Yeah, because I found that
Speaker 1: on like Russia so Great dot com or whatever, and
Speaker 1: I mean it was it was like an urban exploration
Speaker 1: of like an abandoned shelter. But you know, was this
Speaker 1: just like the biggest one? How many were like that?
Speaker 1: Supposedly the Soviets boasted of a system that could protect
Speaker 1: most most of their um citizens from the blast. All right,
Speaker 1: so that makes sense. Um, Sweden built sixty thousand, which
Speaker 1: covered about the population. Ts for the other thirty percent,
Speaker 1: Switzerland built enough shelters for everybody, Okay, God bless him. Uh.
Speaker 1: The UK said, you know what, We're gonna build enough
Speaker 1: for our military, our government in the royal family. Yeah,
Speaker 1: chin up everyone else. And then Australia said, we'll take
Speaker 1: a pass. We're not gonna build any because no one's
Speaker 1: gonna mess with us down here. Yeah, they're like everybody's
Speaker 1: read on the beach. Everyone knows we're fine if the
Speaker 1: rest of the world's gone up in flame. I think
Speaker 1: they're probably right. I mean they were, they were, and
Speaker 1: especially back then. Enough off the map, uh or off
Speaker 1: the path of of the threat that they didn't even
Speaker 1: need to sweat it. Yeah, they're like, hey, what's all
Speaker 1: the all the ruck is up there? So um. But
Speaker 1: the so the US said, Okay, we've got to do something.
Speaker 1: Let's at least build these fallout shelters that are going
Speaker 1: to protect people from radio activity. Um. And so they
Speaker 1: started building these um why I shouldn't say building. They
Speaker 1: started going on to private property or public buildings and saying, hey,
Speaker 1: you've got a really nice basement here, Um, can you
Speaker 1: take down the human skins and clean it up a
Speaker 1: little bit. We're gonna put some bulgar wheat biscuits in here,
Speaker 1: we're gonna put in some multi purpose food, don't ask,
Speaker 1: and uh, we're gonna turn this place into a fallout shelter.
Speaker 1: And on their way out, they would slap a sign,
Speaker 1: very iconic sign, which is black circle with three inverted
Speaker 1: triangles all pointing towards the center. Um that designated a
Speaker 1: fallout shelter. And they did this in yellow in the
Speaker 1: event um of a like a blackout during a nuclear
Speaker 1: war something, so that you could easily see it. Yeah.
Speaker 1: Pretty cool. The company three M made these for about
Speaker 1: a penny each, and they made about four hundred thousand
Speaker 1: of these signs, and they would stock these things with um,
Speaker 1: you know, like medical first aid kits, some water drums,
Speaker 1: those crackers that you talked about that if you add water,
Speaker 1: could probably double up as like cement patch. Yeah, I guess,
Speaker 1: but I think people would wrestle you to the ground
Speaker 1: if you tried to use the water for anything but
Speaker 1: drinking after, you know, in the event of this sure,
Speaker 1: I mean, that's one thing we didn't mention. If you
Speaker 1: go to build your own fallout shelter, um, you know
Speaker 1: you should have some food, but water obviously it's far
Speaker 1: more important. We've talked about that a lot, about how
Speaker 1: long the human body can go without food and water.
Speaker 1: You gotta have a lot of water. Um. I think
Speaker 1: I would stock it up with some of that Mike's
Speaker 1: mighty good Ramen here of course, which by the way, uh,
Speaker 1: we'd be remiss if we didn't point out that they
Speaker 1: actually sent us a coupon code for stuff you should
Speaker 1: know this sners. Oh yeah, this this is not an ad.
Speaker 1: But they, uh we we talked about that Ramen so much.
Speaker 1: They said, you know what, tell everyone stuff you should
Speaker 1: know twenty we'll get them off ramen. If they want
Speaker 1: to order something very nice to you write, write the
Speaker 1: number twenty or right out t W E N t
Speaker 1: WA the number twenty after stuff you should know. So
Speaker 1: two zero yeah, and you can stock up your own
Speaker 1: fallout shelter. You can eat that stuff for lunch. Didn't
Speaker 1: take up a lot of room, good calories, it's multi
Speaker 1: purpose food. You gotta eat some water for it, though,
Speaker 1: right but I mean hey, or you can collectively spit
Speaker 1: in it, I guess, and heat that up. That's grody.
Speaker 1: You're gonna get that water anyway, though, you know, because
Speaker 1: you're gonna drink the juice. That's true. Uh So back
Speaker 1: to the public shelters, they have these pretty well stocked.
Speaker 1: They said, there was an actual booklet in there that said,
Speaker 1: if you want a toilet, cut a seat out of
Speaker 1: a chair and put a bucket under it, and there's
Speaker 1: your toilet. And so when that pamphlet came out, in
Speaker 1: particular the American citizen, we said, like, for real, this
Speaker 1: is our tax dollars are doing. This is what we're
Speaker 1: getting from our government. Cut a cut a hole in
Speaker 1: the seat of a chair, and put a bucket under there.
Speaker 1: That's your advice for the nuclear war, that you're half
Speaker 1: responsible for having us live under the threat of right,
Speaker 1: they said, we're not socialists. Take care of yourself. Yeah.
Speaker 1: So the thing is is like people would people would write,
Speaker 1: people would um read newspapers, or people would um like
Speaker 1: watch the news or whatever, and they would be getting
Speaker 1: one channel of information that was saying like, yeah, here's
Speaker 1: what this. You know what one megaton bomb could possibly
Speaker 1: do to your if this blew up over New York City.
Speaker 1: This is what would happen. And people would say, well,
Speaker 1: what's the point of having these fallout shelters because if
Speaker 1: a bomb goes off over New York City, all of
Speaker 1: those fallout shelters are going to be totally obliterated. There's
Speaker 1: no point for them. Um and the government and doing
Speaker 1: something like trying to at least lift some finger people
Speaker 1: feel less anxious actually had the opposite effect because it
Speaker 1: drew a lot of attention and focus to the need
Speaker 1: for fallout shelters, while at the same time reinforcing the
Speaker 1: idea that these fallout shelters weren't gonna be worth anything
Speaker 1: for anybody unless maybe you lived in Topeka or somewhere
Speaker 1: where there there wasn't what's known as a key target
Speaker 1: that you might actually survive in a fallout shelter that
Speaker 1: was well stocked and had few enough people, it could work.
Speaker 1: But for most Americans, especially ones in major cities, you're
Speaker 1: going to be in bad shape. And the Fallout Shelter
Speaker 1: program really kind of pointed that out. All right, should
Speaker 1: we take a break? I think so, all right, we'll
Speaker 1: take our last break and we'll be back right after this.
Speaker 1: So before we broke, you said something about unless you
Speaker 1: live in Topeka, Uh, does in Kansas have silos or
Speaker 1: no military as I was saying, and I was like, yeah,
Speaker 1: I'm glad you said something. At least he'll save us
Speaker 1: the emails. Okay, because that you know, we we did mention,
Speaker 1: but you know, we talked about game theory earlier about
Speaker 1: how the reasoning was, No, you don't need to worry
Speaker 1: if you're in a big city because they aren't a
Speaker 1: military bases there. But you know that it sort of
Speaker 1: goes the way of UM that war goes once anything
Speaker 1: goes wrong. So if one UM bomb from the opposition
Speaker 1: from the enemy goes to somewhere it isn't supposed to go,
Speaker 1: then all bets are off basically, and then it's just
Speaker 1: bomb away. Also, I want to give a shout out
Speaker 1: to Robert Clara from history dot com who wrote nuclear
Speaker 1: fallout shelters were Never going to work, who wrote a
Speaker 1: pretty great article about how this whole pro rams kind
Speaker 1: of doomed from the start because it all ill conceived,
Speaker 1: you know. But not only was it ill conceived, they
Speaker 1: were also like poorly stocked. Some of these things that
Speaker 1: were designated followed shelters never got their supplies. Um, water
Speaker 1: drums were leaking, and then um, others worked really well,
Speaker 1: so well in fact, that there's one they found at
Speaker 1: the Oyster Adams Bilingual School in d C, which is
Speaker 1: a school still functioning today part of d C Public Schools,
Speaker 1: but there is a fallout shelter that's like a um,
Speaker 1: a time capsule basically that has all of the original
Speaker 1: provisions and it just frozen in times still. It's really
Speaker 1: in California, Yeah, basically, um, except this was one of
Speaker 1: the designated public fallout shelters, but below a school. Yeah.
Speaker 1: I think didn't they try to build them to how's
Speaker 1: at least fifty people, and I think they had they
Speaker 1: recommended for the personal ones that they be at least
Speaker 1: six and a half feet tall. Yeah, and that was
Speaker 1: one of the things that sort of, um would have
Speaker 1: been the toughest I think about fallout shelters, just so
Speaker 1: many of them were very had very low ceilings. Obviously
Speaker 1: there's no windows. I mean, it's bunker life is tough going.
Speaker 1: And they recommended two weeks, and which is nuts to me, Like,
Speaker 1: there's no way I'm poking my head out after two
Speaker 1: weeks just to see if it's how how things are
Speaker 1: going up there? Right? And I mean like there was
Speaker 1: some logic and reasoning to that two weeks and that
Speaker 1: there's that you would have exceeded the half life of
Speaker 1: a lot of the radio new clides that are not
Speaker 1: enough for created, but yeah, there's plenty that would still
Speaker 1: be around. Yes, it was. It was never never going
Speaker 1: to work, like Robert Clara put it, no, And I
Speaker 1: think that was sort of the idea of what you're
Speaker 1: talking about, with the public being so disheartened and feeling
Speaker 1: helpless about our civil defense. Was um like, this is
Speaker 1: the general public and they didn't think it seemed like
Speaker 1: a good plan. But it makes me wonder, though that
Speaker 1: a good thing, Like it sucks to have that kind
Speaker 1: of mental anxiety that we all collectively had during the
Speaker 1: Cold War, especially at the height of this stuff, like
Speaker 1: in the sixties. But I think it might have actually
Speaker 1: been good because then the public was aware of just
Speaker 1: how dangerous things were and would prevent a kind of
Speaker 1: cavalier attitude toward nuclear war because they knew what was
Speaker 1: at stake, and what was at stake were their very lives. Maybe,
Speaker 1: I mean, and maybe that's a bottom up sort of
Speaker 1: like a groundswell of public thought eats its way up
Speaker 1: into the into government, and you know, I mean, and
Speaker 1: I guess we'll never know how close we ever got.
Speaker 1: I mean, I don't think we've ever done one on
Speaker 1: the nuclear the Cuban missile crisis, have we not? I
Speaker 1: don't think specifically, but you know, we've been on the
Speaker 1: brink in a in a way that history has recognized.
Speaker 1: But I'm curious how close it's been in times that
Speaker 1: we never even knew about. You know, there's one guy
Speaker 1: who celebrated every year. I can't remember or what the
Speaker 1: day is, but it's basically like Save the World Day,
Speaker 1: where this one um Soviet I guess, a missile commander
Speaker 1: basically had a few minutes was being told by his
Speaker 1: computers and all of his underlings that the US had
Speaker 1: launched a massive strike and that you know, it was
Speaker 1: up to him to to call and order this counter
Speaker 1: strike or call the people who would order the counter strike,
Speaker 1: and he sweated it out. He said that there he
Speaker 1: just didn't believe that the Americans would have launched an unprovoked,
Speaker 1: all out nuclear strike like he was being shown. And
Speaker 1: he stayed his hand and literally saved the world from
Speaker 1: a nuclear war like single handedly. And the scary thing is, Chuck,
Speaker 1: is that has happened more than once. Yeah, I'm sure. Yeah.
Speaker 1: It's funny that, like we're basically the last generation that
Speaker 1: grew up with any knowledge of the threat of nuclear
Speaker 1: war like this, like we sort of experienced the tail
Speaker 1: into the Cold War. Perfect generation. Yeah, but it's it's
Speaker 1: hard to um and um. The Friendly Fire podcast, which
Speaker 1: is one of my favorites, the war movie podcasts that uh,
Speaker 1: our buddies Ben Harrison and Adam Pranica and John Roderick
Speaker 1: do they're younger. Roderick's you know, a few years older
Speaker 1: than me, old, so way older than you. But um,
Speaker 1: John kind of drives this point home a lot about
Speaker 1: like it's really hard to put into words what that
Speaker 1: does to a a set of generations when we're all
Speaker 1: sort of living under this, you know, very real threat
Speaker 1: that we could all die the worst possible death. And
Speaker 1: you know, not like oh, you kids have got it
Speaker 1: made or anything like that, but it's it's a different
Speaker 1: sort of mindset, you know. Yeah, I mean it definitely is.
Speaker 1: It definitely affects you from from every stage of your life.
Speaker 1: You know. I mean it went away by the time
Speaker 1: we were in college, but you know, I remember my
Speaker 1: early years. Obviously we were digging a fallout shelter. It was.
Speaker 1: It was a big threat, and movie and TV reinforce
Speaker 1: that every day. So, um, if you wanted to build
Speaker 1: a fallout shelter, we have to say there was um
Speaker 1: a time in addition to designating fallowoup shelters. By the way,
Speaker 1: if you find one of those old fallout shelter signs,
Speaker 1: hang onto it, you can pretty much take it. And
Speaker 1: unless there's a close watching groundskeeper willie type who takes
Speaker 1: care of that building, nobody's probably gonna notice it's gone.
Speaker 1: And the U. S. Government has no idea how many
Speaker 1: are out there because they never kept track of the
Speaker 1: fallout shelters. There was no registry or anything. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean they shut started shutting these down in the early seventies,
Speaker 1: officially started giving away the food. UM sent some of
Speaker 1: it to organizations in Africa, in Bangladesh. And then those
Speaker 1: signs started, I think in the mid seventies, started pulling
Speaker 1: those signs out. And I think finally just three years
Speaker 1: ago in two thousand seventeen, they they said that they
Speaker 1: said that they got the last of the signs out
Speaker 1: of New York City, which and I don't think we mentioned.
Speaker 1: It's hysterical that they built these fallout shelters in Manhattan
Speaker 1: and Brooklyn, as if that would you know, that would
Speaker 1: lead to good right, So, um, so if you if
Speaker 1: you if you did want to make a fallout shelter,
Speaker 1: there's um. There was this a pamphlet put out by
Speaker 1: Oakridge National Laboratory where they basically hired yeah, they had
Speaker 1: a sideline and studying nuclear disaster survival, um what like
Speaker 1: you couldn't tell with their beards, you know, but um,
Speaker 1: the this pamphlet basically was the result of Oakridge hiring
Speaker 1: a bunch of families, regular old American families and saying, um,
Speaker 1: a nuclear war is happening right now, go build a
Speaker 1: fallout shelter. Here's your instructions, and then seeing how easy
Speaker 1: it could be done, and then adjusting the instructions and
Speaker 1: so on and so forth until they finally got to
Speaker 1: this pamphlet, and the pamphlet basically came up with this
Speaker 1: really good fallout shelter where you just basically dug a
Speaker 1: trend in the ground that was several feet deep, covered
Speaker 1: it with wood poles, covered the wood poles with something
Speaker 1: like cloth, the old bed sheets something like that, put
Speaker 1: dirt on it, put shower curtains something waterproof, and then
Speaker 1: put more dirt on that. And they actually figured out
Speaker 1: that this particular fallout shelter had like a protection factor
Speaker 1: of like three hundred. Yeah that and it would also
Speaker 1: survive a blast that most houses would not survive because
Speaker 1: you're you're just basically hunkered down in the earth, and
Speaker 1: it would it would work for you if you wanted to.
Speaker 1: And they said that, um, it can be done. They
Speaker 1: used the example that to non athletic college age girls
Speaker 1: did it in thirty six hours. That was that was
Speaker 1: how they were selling it. We had a couple of
Speaker 1: girl couch potatoes, right, look, at them. Wow. Yeah. When
Speaker 1: I was reading about that, I was I figured you'd
Speaker 1: get maybe a twenty out of that. What do you
Speaker 1: mean for PF No One? Yeah, so there you go.
Speaker 1: Thank you, Akridge boys, getty up Papa. And since Chuck
Speaker 1: said that, everybody, it's time for a listener mail. All right,
Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this, uh a series of apologies to Australia.
Speaker 1: Oh boy. So before the we get into the email, UM,
Speaker 1: I do think we should address this that we've had
Speaker 1: some ads running in Australia only that have been no good. Uh.
Speaker 1: And these aren't ads that we knew about. These aren't
Speaker 1: ads that we read. Um, we have a separate company
Speaker 1: in Australia that's doing that for us, and everything is
Speaker 1: under review right now because um, we don't want these
Speaker 1: ads out there. So yeah, it's a it's a new
Speaker 1: relationship when we're kind of figuring each other out, that's right.
Speaker 1: But we do want to say that none of these
Speaker 1: ads were our decision. Um. If you're out there and
Speaker 1: your interest is peaked and you're like, oh my gosh,
Speaker 1: what are they talking about, I'll never know they were.
Speaker 1: You know, there were ads for like mining companies and stuff.
Speaker 1: Like that, among other things, not super s y s
Speaker 1: K type stuff. That's right, and and we wanted to
Speaker 1: address it head on, uh, but also we wanted to
Speaker 1: address our own uh foibles in the billabongs terminology that
Speaker 1: we were talking about in the Wetlands episode just shameful, man,
Speaker 1: it is. And this is something we should know, even
Speaker 1: though we are not Australians, but we use the term
Speaker 1: aborigines very sort of willy nilly uh. And that is
Speaker 1: this um is an email from Tanita she said, Uh
Speaker 1: in the episode and Wetlands, he used a number of
Speaker 1: terms talking about billabongs that were not correct terminology. The
Speaker 1: term aborigines is considered outdated and defensive as it groups
Speaker 1: all indigenous groups into one term and as connotations of
Speaker 1: colonial Australia. Some of the current terms and correct terms
Speaker 1: for traditional owners of Australia uh include Aboriginal people, Indigenous
Speaker 1: First Nations people. And this is something that you know,
Speaker 1: we just should have known. So yeah, Plus, I mean
Speaker 1: it applies to more than just um, the native people
Speaker 1: of Australia too, you know. So of course, yeah, and
Speaker 1: we got a bunch of emails from people that said,
Speaker 1: if you really want to do right by these people.
Speaker 1: You need to research the exact people that you're talking about,
Speaker 1: like the Palawa people from Tasmania where she's from, or
Speaker 1: the Annawan people from the area around Armadale where she
Speaker 1: lives now, and we didn't do that. And she said
Speaker 1: there were two hundred and fifty different languages in Australia
Speaker 1: before invasion, only a hundred and twenty year now spoken.
Speaker 1: Billabong in fact, comes from the uh We're a jury
Speaker 1: language from central New South Wales and is now a
Speaker 1: common Australian English term. And that is from Tinita and
Speaker 1: many others. Thank you so much for taking it easy
Speaker 1: on us, Tanita. That was very nice, super Australian of
Speaker 1: you as well, just laid back in nice and not
Speaker 1: at all like chest pokey, So we appreciate that. That's right.
Speaker 1: And you know, if you're in the United States and
Speaker 1: you're I'm not quite sure what even this means would
Speaker 1: basically be like just saying Africa as a lump all
Speaker 1: term for like any tribe in Africa and the culture
Speaker 1: and the language that is very specific to that region
Speaker 1: and we were not hip to that. So thanks again.
Speaker 1: Who was that, Tanita? Yeah, okay, thanks again, Tanita. Thanks
Speaker 1: again Australia for taking such good care of us over there.
Speaker 1: We appreciate you, guys, and thanks to everybody who listens
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