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Speaker 1: Hey there, history fans. We're taking a break so that

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Speaker 1: we can bring in new episodes all December. Law In

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Speaker 1: the meantime, enjoy these flashback episodes from the TDI HC

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Speaker 1: Vault and I'll see you back here on December first.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to This Day in History Class from HowStuffWorks dot

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Speaker 2: com and from the desk of Stuff you Missed in

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Speaker 2: History Class. It's the show where we explore the past

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Speaker 2: one day at a time with a quick look at

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Speaker 2: what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 2: I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and it's November twenty, eighth Honest Day.

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Speaker 2: In seventeen twenty and Bonnie and Mary Reid were convicted

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Speaker 2: of piracy. As is often the case with pirates, their

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Speaker 2: early life is something of a fog. They each though,

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Speaker 2: wound up aboard the ship of Calico Jack Rackham. The

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Speaker 2: story generally goes that Anne's husband, John Bonnie, had been

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Speaker 2: working in the Bahamas for Governor Woods Rogers, and he

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Speaker 2: had been a pirate informant, but then and fell in

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Speaker 2: love with one of the targets of her husband's informant activity,

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Speaker 2: which was Jack Rackham, joined his pirate crew. Mary on

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Speaker 2: the other hand, was disguising herself as a man to

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Speaker 2: join the crew, and earlier on in her life she

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Speaker 2: had similarly disguised herself to be a footboy and a soldier,

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Speaker 2: basically occupations that weren't open to women. On August twenty

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Speaker 2: second of seventeen twenty, Jack Rackham and Bonnie and the

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Speaker 2: rest of a party stole a ship called the William,

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Speaker 2: which belonged to a man named John Hamm. They took

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Speaker 2: on a crew of twelve and started sailing the William

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Speaker 2: around the Bahamas, plundering as they went. They mostly went

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Speaker 2: after small boats, especially fishing boats. They would basically take

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Speaker 2: all the fish in the tackle and then be on

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Speaker 2: their way. Sources disagree about whether Bonnie and Reed say

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Speaker 2: disguised as men this whole time. In some versions, when

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Speaker 2: they had a raid like this, they would be dressed

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Speaker 2: as men, but they were in women's clothes the rest

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Speaker 2: of the time. In others they were just dressed as women. Whatever.

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Speaker 2: It's really all over the map. In October of seventeen twenty, though,

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Speaker 2: one of the boats they encountered was a canoe that

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Speaker 2: was being helmed by a woman named Dorothy Thomas and

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Speaker 2: Rackham let her go over Bonnie and Reid's objections that

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Speaker 2: she might notify the authorities of where they were. The

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Speaker 2: authorities already knew, though Governor Woods Rogers had already heard

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Speaker 2: about Rackham's piratical activities off the coast of Jamaica. He

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Speaker 2: had already dispatched the privateer captain Jonathan Barnett to take

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Speaker 2: care of it. Bonnie and Reed were the ones on

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Speaker 2: deck when Barnett's ship found and approached them on October

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Speaker 2: twenty second of seventeen twenty. Most of the rest of

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Speaker 2: the crew, though, were below decks. They were intoxicated, so

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Speaker 2: Bonnie and Reed stayed above decks. They were fighting back

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Speaker 2: to back with both pistols and cutlasses and shouting below

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Speaker 2: to the men to come up and help. At one point,

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Speaker 2: Reid reportedly fired her pistol below deck to try to

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Speaker 2: get their attention and wound up hitting one of them. Ultimately,

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Speaker 2: though they were all captured, trials for Rackham and his

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Speaker 2: crew started on November sixteenth, seventeen twenty. They were all

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Speaker 2: found guilty and hanged. Rackham's last request was supposedly to

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Speaker 2: see Anne Bonnie again, and she had no patience for that. Saying, quote,

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Speaker 2: if you had fought like a man, you need not

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Speaker 2: have been hanged like a dog. Anne Bonnie and Mary

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Speaker 2: Reid were tried on November twenty eighth, and according to

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Speaker 2: the General History of the Pirates quote, two other pirates

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Speaker 2: were tried that belonged to Rackham's crew. That was Anne

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Speaker 2: and Mary being convicted. They were brought up and asked

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Speaker 2: if either of them had anything to say, why the

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Speaker 2: sentence of death should not pass upon them in like

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Speaker 2: manner as had been done to all the rest, And

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Speaker 2: both of them pleaded their bellies, being quick with child

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Speaker 2: and prayed that execution might be stayed, whereupon the court

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Speaker 2: passed sentence as in cases of piracy, but ordered them

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Speaker 2: back till a proper jury could be appointed to inquire

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Speaker 2: to the matter. So they basically both argued that they

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Speaker 2: should be spared hanging because they were pregnant. They were

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Speaker 2: sent to prison, and Ann Bonnie apparently survived her time

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Speaker 2: in prison, but it's unclear what happened to her after that.

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Speaker 2: Mary Reid died of a fever or possibly due to

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Speaker 2: complications of childbirth before she was released. She's probably the

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Speaker 2: same Mary Reid who's listened in a death record for

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Speaker 2: April twenty eighth of seventeen twenty one. You can learn

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Speaker 2: more about all this in the August fifteenth, twenty sixteen

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Speaker 2: episode of Stuff You Missed in History Class, including why

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Speaker 2: that general history of the Pirates that I just read

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Speaker 2: from is a source you should really take with a

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Speaker 2: grade of salt. That's why there's also so much supposedly

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Speaker 2: and reportedly in this episode. Thanks to Casey Pegram and

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Speaker 2: Chandler Mays for their work on this show, and you

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Speaker 2: can subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 2: Google Podcasts, and wherever real to hit your podcasts. You

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Speaker 2: could tune in tomorrow for a massacre at sea.

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Speaker 3: Greetings, I'm Eves, and welcome to This Day in History Class,

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Speaker 3: a show that believes no day in history is a

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Speaker 3: slow day. The day was November twenty eighth, nineteen sixty seven.

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Speaker 3: Astro physicist Joscelyn Bell Burnell became the first person to

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Speaker 3: detect a radio pulsar. A pulsar is a celestial source

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Speaker 3: of pulsating electromagnetic radiation that is thought to be a

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Speaker 3: rapidly rotating neutron star. Pulsars emit pulses of radiation like

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Speaker 3: radio waves at short, relatively constant intervals. In nineteen sixty seven,

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Speaker 3: Jocelyn Bell was pursuing her doctorate at the University of Cambridge,

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Speaker 3: where her advisor was radio astronomer Anthony Hwish. That year,

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Speaker 3: Huish and his graduate students completed a radio telescope that

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Speaker 3: was designed to observe the scintillation of stars, particularly quasars.

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Speaker 3: A quasar is a region at the center of a

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Speaker 3: galaxy that emits an exceptionally large amount of energy. The

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Speaker 3: first quasars were discovered by the early nineteen sixties. Bell

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Speaker 3: helped build the telescope at the Millard Radio Astronomy Observatory.

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Speaker 3: Once the telescope went into operation in July of nineteen

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Speaker 3: sixty seven, Bell began operating it and analyzing the data

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Speaker 3: by hand. One day, she noticed a strange signal at

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Speaker 3: a wavelength of three point seven meters. The signal continued

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Speaker 3: to appear over the next several months. On November twenty eighth,

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Speaker 3: she captured a recording of the signal that gave more detail.

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Speaker 3: Bell called the reading a quote bit of scruff in

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Speaker 3: the data. It showed that the signal corresponded to a

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Speaker 3: burst of radio energy that came in regular intervals of

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Speaker 3: about one point three seconds. The reading was synced with

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Speaker 3: sidereal time rather than Earth time, and it consistently came

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Speaker 3: from the same part of the sky, So she set

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Speaker 3: about determining the source of the signal. It couldn't be

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Speaker 3: coming from any natural sources like stars, galaxies, or solar wind,

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Speaker 3: and it did not come from any human or human

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Speaker 3: made sources like radar reflected off the Moon, other radio astronomers,

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Speaker 3: television signals, orbiting satellites, or buildings near the telescope. After

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Speaker 3: rolling out all those sources, she and Huish called the

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Speaker 3: signal LGM one because they couldn't rule out little Green

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Speaker 3: men aka aliens. But soon Bell found another signal, this

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Speaker 3: one pulsing at one point two second intervals. This signal

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Speaker 3: was coming from a different part of the sky. That

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Speaker 3: meant that the signal was likely not sent by extraterrestrial beings.

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Speaker 3: Later that year, Bell noticed a couple more of these

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Speaker 3: unusual signals. In January nineteen sixty eight, Bell, Hwish in

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Speaker 3: colleagues submitted a paper describing their discovery to the journal Nature,

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Speaker 3: and the paper, observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source

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Speaker 3: was published on February twenty four. The paper noted that

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Speaker 3: they had recorded unusual signals from pulsating radio sources and

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Speaker 3: posited that the radiation may be associated with oscillations of

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Speaker 3: white dwarf or neutron stars. But even though they had

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Speaker 3: announced the discovery, they still didn't know the source of

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Speaker 3: the signal. That didn't stop other scientists from trying to

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Speaker 3: discover more of these pulsating sources and where they were

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Speaker 3: coming from. By the end of nineteen sixty eight, more

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Speaker 3: had been discovered, and it had been suggested that neutron

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Speaker 3: stars were a source. Hwish first used the word pulsar

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Speaker 3: in an interview with the Daily Telegraph in nineteen sixty eight.

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Speaker 3: Bell and Huish changed the name of the signal from

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Speaker 3: LGM to CP or Cambridge pulsar, and the first radio

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Speaker 3: pulsar they detected was dubbed CP. Nineteen nineteen. Huish received

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Speaker 3: the nineteen seventy four a Nobel Prize in Physics for

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Speaker 3: his role in the discovery of pulsars, a controversial decision

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Speaker 3: because Bell's contributions were not recognized. Since their discovery, pulsars

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Speaker 3: have been used to study extreme states of matter and

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Speaker 3: search for gravitational waves. I'm Eve Jeffcote and hopefully you

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Speaker 3: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 3: Thanks for listening, and we'll see you tomorrow.

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Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.