WEBVTT - Tech News: When is a nanometer not a nanometer?

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to tech Stuff, a production from I Heart Radio.

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<v Speaker 1>Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host,

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<v Speaker 1>Jonathan Strickland. I'm an executive producer with I Heart Radio

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<v Speaker 1>and how the tech area. It's time for the tech

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<v Speaker 1>news for Tuesday, August twenty three, two thousand twenty two.

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<v Speaker 1>Apple's semiconductor chip manufacturing company of choice which is t SMC,

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<v Speaker 1>and to be fair, that's kind of the choice for

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<v Speaker 1>pretty much every company that's making advanced chips and is

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<v Speaker 1>a problem in its own right, but that's a matter

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<v Speaker 1>for a different podcast episode. It is reportedly working on

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<v Speaker 1>a three nanometer chip for upcoming MacBook computers. Now, the

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<v Speaker 1>reason I decided to include this was because I wanted

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<v Speaker 1>to do a little deconstruction on the nomenclature we use

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<v Speaker 1>for chips, because it is wildly misleading. So for ages,

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<v Speaker 1>the semiconductor industry has differentiated chips by using the size

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<v Speaker 1>of nodes as the naming convention, and by nodes, we're

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<v Speaker 1>really talking about the length of transistor gates. So the

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<v Speaker 1>length of the transistor gate in whatever unit was an

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<v Speaker 1>indicator of the chips sophistication. Generally, think speaking, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>the more you can cram onto a chip, the more

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<v Speaker 1>powerful the chip can be. That's not always the case,

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<v Speaker 1>but that was kind of the rule of thumb. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>does this mean that a three nanometer chip has a

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<v Speaker 1>transistor gate that is three nanometers long. No, it does not,

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<v Speaker 1>because for more than a decade, companies have shifted away

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<v Speaker 1>from focusing on reducing components size almost exclusively and looked

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<v Speaker 1>more at stuff like chip arc a texture and increasing

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<v Speaker 1>the density of transistors and that sort of thing. So

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<v Speaker 1>chips are still getting more powerful and more sophisticated, but

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<v Speaker 1>the transistor gates aren't shrinking at the same crazy rate

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<v Speaker 1>that they were before. However, the naming convention that we

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<v Speaker 1>use where we use that transistor gate size as the

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<v Speaker 1>name for the next generation of manufacturing processes, has stuck around.

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<v Speaker 1>So if your transistor gates aren't getting that much smaller,

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<v Speaker 1>but you're still dependent upon that that naming convention, then

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<v Speaker 1>things rapidly stop measuring out. So that means that ten

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<v Speaker 1>nanometer chip doesn't necessarily have transistor gates that are ten

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<v Speaker 1>nanometers long. In fact, some of them have transistor gates

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<v Speaker 1>that are nearly twice as long as that, so it's

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<v Speaker 1>really just a naming convention. But a lot of folks

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<v Speaker 1>think that this naming convention is dumb because for one thing,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, it's not accurate. For another, since we keep

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<v Speaker 1>going down, you know, we're reducing the size, and now

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<v Speaker 1>we're talking about a three nanometer process. We're running out

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<v Speaker 1>of nanometers. We're about to get down to the atomic scale, y'all.

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<v Speaker 1>Because a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. And

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<v Speaker 1>that also means that consumers have been really confused for

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<v Speaker 1>a while and often draw the wrong conclusions because you

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<v Speaker 1>can have a so called ten nanometer chip from Company

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<v Speaker 1>A and a seven nanometer chip from Company B. And

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<v Speaker 1>because there's this implication that the smaller number means more

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<v Speaker 1>powerful chips, you would naturally think the seven nanometer chip

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<v Speaker 1>is superior. But that's not necessarily true because we're really

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<v Speaker 1>talking about things like architecture and power efficiency, and even

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<v Speaker 1>the size of the components of the ten nanometer chip

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<v Speaker 1>could be smaller than that on the seven nanometer chip.

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<v Speaker 1>Because you're talking about two different companies and you're just

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<v Speaker 1>talking about them using a naming convention to market a

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<v Speaker 1>new generation of semi conductor chip, it isn't actually measuring anything,

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<v Speaker 1>so a ten ter chip and a seven nimeter chip

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<v Speaker 1>from two different companies could be made in such a

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<v Speaker 1>way that the ten nimeter isn't always superior to the

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<v Speaker 1>seven nanometer. That's why I can get confusing. It's this

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<v Speaker 1>marketing strategy that creates confusion, and it perpetuates confusion. So yes,

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<v Speaker 1>I just used a news story to give a quick

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<v Speaker 1>lesson on why the semi conductor industry is using misleading

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<v Speaker 1>marketing material and you should do research before you choose

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<v Speaker 1>a processor and not just do it based off the

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<v Speaker 1>supposed node size. Former Apple employee Xiao Lang Jong has

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<v Speaker 1>pled guilty of charges of stealing proprietary information from Apple

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<v Speaker 1>for the purposes of sharing it with another company, one

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<v Speaker 1>in China for that matter. Now, this story actually started

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<v Speaker 1>back in when Jong was first arrested. Jeong had turned

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<v Speaker 1>to Apple after taking a trip to China, and then

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<v Speaker 1>not long after his return, he resigned from Apple, and

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<v Speaker 1>he also started sending corporate documents to his wife's computer,

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<v Speaker 1>including documents that, in fact, as far as I can tell,

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<v Speaker 1>exclusively focusing on documents related to Apple's worst kept secret.

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<v Speaker 1>It's you know, autonomous electric vehicle project that everyone knows about,

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<v Speaker 1>but Apple is never publicly at knowledge that included a

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<v Speaker 1>twenty five page document with detailed schematics of a circuit

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<v Speaker 1>board that Apple was designing for the vehicle. Moreover, Jeong

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<v Speaker 1>had told Apple that he was going to return to

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<v Speaker 1>China and he was also going to work for a

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<v Speaker 1>company called ex Paying Motors, which is an electric vehicle

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<v Speaker 1>manufacturing company that's also developing an autonomous vehicle. Jong had

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<v Speaker 1>previously led not guilty to the charges after being arrested,

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<v Speaker 1>but now he has changed his flea to guilty, and

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<v Speaker 1>he faces up to ten years in prison and a

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<v Speaker 1>fine of up to two fifty thousand bucks. And you

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<v Speaker 1>might remember the story of former Google employee Anthony Lewandowski,

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<v Speaker 1>whom Google accused of stealing documents from its autonomous car

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<v Speaker 1>project that would become way Mo. Lewandowski subsequently worked for Uber,

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<v Speaker 1>and that led to a nasty court battle between Google

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<v Speaker 1>and Uber plus, Uber unceremoniously ending its relationship with Lewandowski.

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<v Speaker 1>Lewandowski was subsequently tried and convicted of stealing documents, but

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<v Speaker 1>then former President Trump pardoned Lewandowski on the last day

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<v Speaker 1>of his presidency. Anyway, it looks like autonomous vehicle research

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<v Speaker 1>is the hottest target for industrial espionage in tech right now,

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<v Speaker 1>so I guess it's fashionable. A senior fellow for the

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<v Speaker 1>Irish Council for Civil Liberties named Johnny Ryan has spearheaded

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<v Speaker 1>a class action lawsuit in the United States targeting the

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<v Speaker 1>computer technology company Oracle. Now, in case you're not familiar

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<v Speaker 1>with Oracle, it is primarily a A B two B

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<v Speaker 1>kind of company, a business to business like Its clients

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<v Speaker 1>are other businesses, and it works in software and database

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<v Speaker 1>management and cloud services as well as hardware. Ryan's lawsuit

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<v Speaker 1>alleges that Oracle has illegally been collecting the information of

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<v Speaker 1>around five billion people. Essentially that Oracle is assembling dossiers

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<v Speaker 1>on folks, and those dossiers can contain information that includes

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<v Speaker 1>stuff like names, physical addresses, email addresses, political views, purchase history,

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<v Speaker 1>geolocation data, meaning that Oracle has been tracking people or

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<v Speaker 1>at least has access to tracking information so they know

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<v Speaker 1>where people have been, as well as records of online activity.

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<v Speaker 1>So essentially all the personal data stuff that we talk

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<v Speaker 1>about in other you know, news articles and such. So

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<v Speaker 1>Ryan disclaiming Oracle is collecting all of that and organizing

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<v Speaker 1>it into what he calls dossier's Ryan has brought this

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<v Speaker 1>lawsuit to California, probably because that is the U s

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<v Speaker 1>state that has the most strict privacy laws, and this

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<v Speaker 1>is a massive endeavor. It's too early to say how

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<v Speaker 1>it's all going to turn out, but some folks at

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<v Speaker 1>least suspect that this is a push to encourage the

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<v Speaker 1>United States to adopt stronger privacy laws more in line

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<v Speaker 1>with what we see over in the European Union. Joshua

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<v Speaker 1>Benton at Nieman Lab dot org has a great article.

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<v Speaker 1>It's titled are you legally Liable for the contents of

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<v Speaker 1>every web page You linked? To? Australia finally gets sensible?

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<v Speaker 1>All right, some backstory on this. So back in the

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<v Speaker 1>first decade of this millennium, I just hate saying. The

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<v Speaker 1>early two thousand's, an Australian lawyer named George Defterros was

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<v Speaker 1>arrested and charged with conspiring to commit murder. Defterro was

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<v Speaker 1>known as a lawyer who represented people accused of belonging

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<v Speaker 1>to organized crime gangs. Anyway, an Australian newspaper published an

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<v Speaker 1>article about defter Ros, alleging that he was in fact

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<v Speaker 1>part of this conspiracy and such, and Google ended up

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<v Speaker 1>linking to that article and its search results because Google

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<v Speaker 1>indexes the web, and when people do searches for things,

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<v Speaker 1>you get the links. Right. Well, flash forward many many years.

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<v Speaker 1>The lawyers representing Defterros, who by the way, had all

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<v Speaker 1>charges dropped against him, so he did not he did

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<v Speaker 1>not stand for those those charges they were dropped. His

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<v Speaker 1>lawyers were seeking to have this article removed from the

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<v Speaker 1>from the Internet, and they went to the newspaper and

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<v Speaker 1>demanded that the newspaper removed the article, and the newspaper

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<v Speaker 1>said no. So when that proved fruitless, they then went

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<v Speaker 1>after Google, and their argument was that Google, by publishing

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<v Speaker 1>a link to this article, was kind of endorsing the article,

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<v Speaker 1>that Google itself was acting as a publisher, and that

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<v Speaker 1>it was almost as if the offending piece had come

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<v Speaker 1>from Google because it was linking to it. So that's

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<v Speaker 1>kind of wild, right, like that a link can somehow

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<v Speaker 1>imply that you're responsible for the material that the link

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<v Speaker 1>goes to. While initially a court in Australia ruled that

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<v Speaker 1>Google was in fact responsible, but then it got appealed.

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<v Speaker 1>It went to Australia's High Court and the High Court

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<v Speaker 1>has reversed that ruling and essentially said this is ludicrous.

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<v Speaker 1>If we follow this logic, anyone who links to anything

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<v Speaker 1>that is later claimed, not even proven, just claimed to

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<v Speaker 1>be defamatory, shares responsibility and therefore could be sued for liabel.

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<v Speaker 1>That seems pretty extreme, doesn't it that a link alone

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<v Speaker 1>could make you respond constable for libel. So what if

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<v Speaker 1>you were to come across a link to a story

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<v Speaker 1>and you shared it on your social media plat platforms

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<v Speaker 1>like on Facebook or on Twitter. Maybe you saw the story,

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<v Speaker 1>you just thought it was interesting you wanted to share it. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>if this earlier court ruling had been upheld, it would

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<v Speaker 1>have said a precedent that suggests you could be found

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<v Speaker 1>guilty of libel yourself just by sharing the link, and

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<v Speaker 1>that you could potentially face charges for it even though

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<v Speaker 1>you didn't write the supposed defamatory material. By the way,

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<v Speaker 1>a big part of this story is that while the

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<v Speaker 1>lawyers were claiming that the article was found to be defamatory,

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<v Speaker 1>it never actually went to court. It was settled out

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<v Speaker 1>of court. So because of that, the claims were spurious,

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<v Speaker 1>and yet they still went through UH and got this

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<v Speaker 1>initial decision by the court that was then overturned by

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<v Speaker 1>the High Court. So it's good that the High Court

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<v Speaker 1>saw this for what it was, or at least five

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<v Speaker 1>of the seven judges saw it for what it was.

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<v Speaker 1>Two of them dissented and argued that Google was in

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<v Speaker 1>fact responsible. Not sure what they were thinking. Okay, we've

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<v Speaker 1>got a few more news stories to go, but before

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<v Speaker 1>we get to that, let's take a quick break. We're

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<v Speaker 1>back US automaker Ford announced it is laying off three

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<v Speaker 1>thousand employees and includes around two thousand salaried positions and

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<v Speaker 1>one thousand contractors, and the company says this is all

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<v Speaker 1>part of its strategy to pivot from focusing primarily on

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<v Speaker 1>internal combustion engine vehicles and to change to put more

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<v Speaker 1>emphasis on electric vehicle production. Ford CEO Jump Farley denies

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<v Speaker 1>that the cuts are a cost saving move, but rather

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<v Speaker 1>they indicate how Ford is serious about fundamentally each changing

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<v Speaker 1>course by committing to the future of electric vehicles. My

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<v Speaker 1>heart goes out to all the folks who got their

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<v Speaker 1>walking papers. It is an increasingly tough job market, particularly

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<v Speaker 1>when other auto manufacturers like Tesla have also been laying

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<v Speaker 1>off employees or making other kinds of cost saving cuts.

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<v Speaker 1>The CEO of the cryptocurrency exchange company Binance, says that

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<v Speaker 1>LinkedIn is absolutely swarming with people falsely claiming to be

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<v Speaker 1>Binance employees. And I'm not joking about swarming. He says.

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<v Speaker 1>There are about fifty real profiles belonging to Finance employees

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<v Speaker 1>on LinkedIn, but in total it's closer to seven thousand

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<v Speaker 1>claimed Binance employees, which is a big old yauza. So

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<v Speaker 1>why would people be lying about working for Binance, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>it's probably part of crypto scams. The scammers are likely

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<v Speaker 1>listing Finance on LinkedIn to give themselves a sense of

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<v Speaker 1>legitimacy when they're talking to their marks, their targets. They're

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<v Speaker 1>tricking people into pouring money into various schemes. They're usually

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<v Speaker 1>types of Ponzi schemes. If you don't know what a

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<v Speaker 1>Ponzi scheme is, it's a subset of pyramid schemes. So

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<v Speaker 1>a scammer convinces a group of investors to pour money

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<v Speaker 1>into you know, whatever it is, in this case, a

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<v Speaker 1>cryptocurrency scheme. Then the scammera convinces a second round of

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<v Speaker 1>investors to do the same, and then pays a percentage

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<v Speaker 1>out to the first round of investors to keep them

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<v Speaker 1>happy while pocketing the rest of the money, and then

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<v Speaker 1>they keep going and so on and so forth, and

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<v Speaker 1>effective scammers can often convince investors to reinvest into the scheme,

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<v Speaker 1>so they take the money that they're supposedly getting paid

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<v Speaker 1>out as the scheme is paying off, and they put

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<v Speaker 1>it back into it, which just gives more money to

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<v Speaker 1>the scammers. And ultimately these schemes all collapse in on themselves.

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<v Speaker 1>They cannot sustain themselves forever. And so the Binance CEO

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<v Speaker 1>is warning followers not to assume someone really is a

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<v Speaker 1>finance employee just because it might say so on a

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<v Speaker 1>LinkedIn account, particularly if that supposed employee is trying to

0:15:08.560 --> 0:15:11.680
<v Speaker 1>coerce people into pouring money into a crypto investment scheme.

0:15:12.400 --> 0:15:16.240
<v Speaker 1>This is pretty tricky because LinkedIn doesn't verify work or

0:15:16.360 --> 0:15:20.800
<v Speaker 1>education history. They do claim to respond to reports of

0:15:21.040 --> 0:15:26.560
<v Speaker 1>false accounts, and they say that they look for false accounts,

0:15:26.560 --> 0:15:31.120
<v Speaker 1>but yeah, this is a If it's seven thousand fake

0:15:31.200 --> 0:15:34.680
<v Speaker 1>ones out there, that's a that's a pretty big problem.

0:15:34.720 --> 0:15:37.480
<v Speaker 1>And you know, folks, fib on resumes all the time.

0:15:37.520 --> 0:15:40.560
<v Speaker 1>I get it, But this goes well beyond that. Japanese

0:15:40.600 --> 0:15:44.600
<v Speaker 1>company Fujitsu has partnered with reik In, a research institute,

0:15:44.920 --> 0:15:47.920
<v Speaker 1>with the intent of developing and selling a quantum computer

0:15:48.120 --> 0:15:51.920
<v Speaker 1>boasting sixty four cubits starting next year. Now, to brush

0:15:52.000 --> 0:15:56.040
<v Speaker 1>up on quantum computers, the fundamental unit of classical computers

0:15:56.240 --> 0:15:58.960
<v Speaker 1>is the bit, and a bit can either be a

0:15:59.160 --> 0:16:02.480
<v Speaker 1>zero or a one. The fundamental unit of information in

0:16:02.480 --> 0:16:06.800
<v Speaker 1>a quantum computer is a cubit, which, thanks to quantum effects,

0:16:07.520 --> 0:16:10.040
<v Speaker 1>can essentially be a zero and a one at the

0:16:10.120 --> 0:16:14.720
<v Speaker 1>same time under specific circumstances. And I'm being very high

0:16:14.760 --> 0:16:18.480
<v Speaker 1>level with this, but when paired with the right algorithms,

0:16:18.520 --> 0:16:21.680
<v Speaker 1>that kind of computer, a quantum computer can potentially solve

0:16:21.760 --> 0:16:25.960
<v Speaker 1>a subset of computer problems far faster than a classical

0:16:25.960 --> 0:16:32.640
<v Speaker 1>computer can. Uh. It's essentially solving for all potential solutions

0:16:32.680 --> 0:16:36.360
<v Speaker 1>at the same time and then presenting the one that

0:16:36.520 --> 0:16:40.720
<v Speaker 1>is most likely to be the best. It deals with probabilities,

0:16:40.800 --> 0:16:45.400
<v Speaker 1>not certainties. It gets very wibbly wobbly, but uh. It's

0:16:45.400 --> 0:16:48.360
<v Speaker 1>also important to remember quantum computers are no better than

0:16:48.440 --> 0:16:51.840
<v Speaker 1>classical computers for other types of applications, other types of

0:16:51.880 --> 0:16:54.920
<v Speaker 1>computer problems. You would not be using a quantum computer

0:16:54.960 --> 0:16:58.800
<v Speaker 1>as a gaming rig for example, but they do potentially

0:16:59.680 --> 0:17:04.600
<v Speaker 1>have the ability to change really important things that we

0:17:04.680 --> 0:17:09.160
<v Speaker 1>depend upon, like encryption in the near future. NASA has

0:17:09.240 --> 0:17:13.040
<v Speaker 1>narrowed down potential future lunar landing sites to thirteen regions,

0:17:13.080 --> 0:17:15.040
<v Speaker 1>all of which are not too far from the Moon's

0:17:15.080 --> 0:17:17.159
<v Speaker 1>south pole. I like to think they were on the

0:17:17.280 --> 0:17:21.159
<v Speaker 1>lunar equivalent to Zillo at the time. Scientists believe that

0:17:21.200 --> 0:17:23.720
<v Speaker 1>the region is perfect for future Moon missions because the

0:17:23.720 --> 0:17:26.639
<v Speaker 1>deep craters in the area could potentially hold hydrogen and

0:17:26.720 --> 0:17:30.320
<v Speaker 1>water ice. That kind of stuff would be useful if

0:17:30.359 --> 0:17:33.120
<v Speaker 1>you wanted to make your own rocket fuel, for example,

0:17:33.240 --> 0:17:36.080
<v Speaker 1>or if you wanted to perhaps process water ice to

0:17:36.119 --> 0:17:39.719
<v Speaker 1>create not just water, but maybe oxygen. This falls in

0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:42.240
<v Speaker 1>line with the goals of the Artemis campaign, which has

0:17:42.280 --> 0:17:46.240
<v Speaker 1>some really ambitious targets, including creating a base of operations

0:17:46.320 --> 0:17:49.880
<v Speaker 1>suitable for long term stays on the Moon. NASA has

0:17:49.920 --> 0:17:51.960
<v Speaker 1>been planning this out for years, and in fact, the

0:17:52.080 --> 0:17:56.120
<v Speaker 1>launch of Artemis one, which will be an unscrewed Orion

0:17:56.400 --> 0:17:59.840
<v Speaker 1>vessel on top of the Space Launch System, which is

0:17:59.880 --> 0:18:03.760
<v Speaker 1>a super heavy lift launch vehicle, is scheduled to launch

0:18:03.960 --> 0:18:07.240
<v Speaker 1>on Monday of next week. If everything goes to plan.

0:18:07.840 --> 0:18:10.560
<v Speaker 1>The actual return mission to the Moon in which humans

0:18:10.560 --> 0:18:13.480
<v Speaker 1>will head back up there. That one is designated as

0:18:13.640 --> 0:18:17.119
<v Speaker 1>Artemis three. That's not expected to launch until twenty twenty

0:18:17.200 --> 0:18:21.359
<v Speaker 1>five at the earliest. Sony has announced via Instagram of

0:18:21.400 --> 0:18:24.760
<v Speaker 1>all Things that's new generation of VR hardware for the

0:18:24.760 --> 0:18:29.720
<v Speaker 1>PlayStation console is likely to launch in early This generation

0:18:29.720 --> 0:18:32.440
<v Speaker 1>of hardware is going to work with the PlayStation five.

0:18:32.520 --> 0:18:36.560
<v Speaker 1>It's reportedly softer with better ergonomic design than the earlier

0:18:36.600 --> 0:18:40.439
<v Speaker 1>generation of Sony's VR peripherals, and Sony says the headset

0:18:40.440 --> 0:18:43.440
<v Speaker 1>will display graphics at a four thousand by two thousand

0:18:43.480 --> 0:18:47.320
<v Speaker 1>forty resolution per eye that breaks down to two thousand

0:18:47.400 --> 0:18:50.359
<v Speaker 1>by twenty and it will have a refresh rate of

0:18:50.440 --> 0:18:54.400
<v Speaker 1>nineties slash hurts. It's also gonna have a c through mode,

0:18:54.400 --> 0:18:56.200
<v Speaker 1>so if you get too close to the wall, it'll

0:18:56.240 --> 0:18:58.520
<v Speaker 1>show you so you don't bump your nose in there.

0:18:59.359 --> 0:19:01.480
<v Speaker 1>They have not have any information on how much it

0:19:01.480 --> 0:19:03.120
<v Speaker 1>will cost. My guess is it will be a few

0:19:03.160 --> 0:19:07.720
<v Speaker 1>hundred dollars um, So here's hoping that we find out soon.

0:19:07.800 --> 0:19:12.840
<v Speaker 1>We know that it's coming in early, and that's about it. Well,

0:19:13.600 --> 0:19:18.439
<v Speaker 1>that is the news for Tuesday, August two. Hope you

0:19:18.480 --> 0:19:21.280
<v Speaker 1>are all well, make sure you reach out to me

0:19:21.359 --> 0:19:24.399
<v Speaker 1>with any suggestions you have for future episodes of tech Stuff.

0:19:24.440 --> 0:19:26.240
<v Speaker 1>You can do that on the I Heart Radio app

0:19:26.760 --> 0:19:29.840
<v Speaker 1>or on Twitter at tech stuff H s W and

0:19:29.840 --> 0:19:39.480
<v Speaker 1>I'll talk to you again really soon. Text Stuff is

0:19:39.520 --> 0:19:42.639
<v Speaker 1>an I Heart Radio production. For more podcasts from my

0:19:42.800 --> 0:19:46.400
<v Speaker 1>Heart Radio, visit the i Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

0:19:46.520 --> 0:19:48.480
<v Speaker 1>or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.