1 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:08,560 Speaker 1: Glascope. 2 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:17,880 Speaker 2: You're listening to part time Genius, the production of Kaleidoscope 3 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:25,360 Speaker 2: and iHeartRadio. Guess what, Well, what's that mango? So if 4 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,160 Speaker 2: it weren't for a nineteenth century Scottish scientist, my career 5 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:29,600 Speaker 2: right now would be completely different. 6 00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:30,960 Speaker 1: And what do you mean by that? 7 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:34,159 Speaker 2: Well, this particular invention is something you hear mentioned at 8 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:36,599 Speaker 2: the beginning of all the podcasts I work on these days. Oh, 9 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:38,960 Speaker 2: like Kaleidoscope, right, that's right, it's the name of the 10 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 2: podcast network I co founded. And it turns out that 11 00:00:41,040 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 2: the kalidoscope was invented by a guy named David Brewster. 12 00:00:43,640 --> 00:00:45,720 Speaker 2: He was born in the southern Uplands of Scotland and 13 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 2: attended the University of Edinburgh. He actually became a minister 14 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:50,920 Speaker 2: at first, but his lifelong passion for science, particularly the 15 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,400 Speaker 2: science of light, inspired him to study optics, and in 16 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:56,120 Speaker 2: eighteen fourteen, while doing an experiment that involved bouncing light 17 00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,400 Speaker 2: between plates of glass, he noticed that if the glass 18 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 2: was placed at specific angles, it actually created the striking 19 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:03,279 Speaker 2: symmetrical patterns, and he decided to see if he could 20 00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:05,479 Speaker 2: recreate this effect in different way, so he tried again, 21 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 2: this time beaming all this polarized light across gold and 22 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:11,400 Speaker 2: silver plates, and the result was this stunning, colorful array. 23 00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:13,760 Speaker 2: So he set out to create, in his words, a 24 00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:16,920 Speaker 2: new optical instrument for creating and exhibiting beautiful forms. 25 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:19,440 Speaker 3: So, if I'm understanding this right, this is really my 26 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:21,160 Speaker 3: favorite kind of invention because it sounds like he's not 27 00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:23,240 Speaker 3: trying to invent something practical, like he just thought these 28 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:25,440 Speaker 3: light patterns were pretty, Is that right exactly? 29 00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:27,520 Speaker 2: And after a few months of tinkering, he actually built 30 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 2: a proto kaleidoscope, and the device had angled mirrors with 31 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 2: colored glass fastened around them to cast all these reflections. 32 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:34,720 Speaker 2: And the first people to view it were members of 33 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:37,640 Speaker 2: the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and they loved it. But 34 00:01:37,959 --> 00:01:40,080 Speaker 2: Brewster wasn't done. His final stroke of genius was making 35 00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:42,240 Speaker 2: the colored glass pieces rotate in order to create all 36 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,080 Speaker 2: these different shapes and patterns, you know, like the kalidoscopes 37 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,319 Speaker 2: we know today. But while the instrument itself might have 38 00:01:47,319 --> 00:01:50,560 Speaker 2: been a novelty, the principles behind it were actually really advanced. 39 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:52,720 Speaker 2: So in eighteen fifty eight, Brewster wrote a book about 40 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:54,800 Speaker 2: the science of kalidoscopes, summarizing what he'd learned in the 41 00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:57,760 Speaker 2: process of making his invention, everything from like the geometry 42 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 2: of kaleidoscopic forms to the physics of light, and in 43 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 2: chapter sixteen he made a reference to a compound known 44 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:05,480 Speaker 2: as ido quinine sulfate, the crystals of which he said 45 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:08,560 Speaker 2: were remarkably good at polarizing light. Almost seventy years later, 46 00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:10,840 Speaker 2: a Harvard student named Edwin h. Land would read this 47 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:12,960 Speaker 2: and get the idea for a new kind of polarizing 48 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,200 Speaker 2: filter that could be used for photography, and he called 49 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 2: it polaroid. 50 00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:17,480 Speaker 3: It's amazing, and they think it all began with the 51 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:18,959 Speaker 3: minister who just kind of liked pretty colors. 52 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:20,520 Speaker 2: Yeah I know, I mean the idea of this toy 53 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:22,480 Speaker 2: turning into a camera, it was just like stunning. But 54 00:02:22,520 --> 00:02:25,400 Speaker 2: more specifically, it all began in Scotland. And today we're 55 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,400 Speaker 2: discovering nine surprising facts about the northernmost country in the UK, 56 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:30,520 Speaker 2: from a once in a lifetime fossil fine to the 57 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:33,160 Speaker 2: shocking truth behind bagpipes. So why don't we dive in? 58 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:55,440 Speaker 1: Heay their podcast listeners, Welcome to Part Time Genius. 59 00:02:55,480 --> 00:02:57,079 Speaker 3: I'm Will Pearson and as always I'm joined by my 60 00:02:57,080 --> 00:02:59,120 Speaker 3: good friend mengeshat Ticatter and over there in the booth 61 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:01,800 Speaker 3: all tuckered out. I'm having walked five hundred miles and 62 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:04,080 Speaker 3: that's not it, and then five hundred more. That's our 63 00:03:04,120 --> 00:03:06,880 Speaker 3: palent producer, Dylan Thing and his dedication. He never ceases 64 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:07,359 Speaker 3: to amaze. 65 00:03:07,440 --> 00:03:09,560 Speaker 2: It is incredible. You walked to Daton, Ohio and back 66 00:03:09,560 --> 00:03:11,519 Speaker 2: again just so we could make a ten second reference 67 00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:14,919 Speaker 2: to the proclaivers bitch. I love, Thank you Dylan for 68 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:16,320 Speaker 2: getting us into this Scottish spirit. 69 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 3: All right, well, speaking of impressive physical feats, mango my 70 00:03:18,960 --> 00:03:21,000 Speaker 3: first fact is also a new item on my bucket list. 71 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:22,800 Speaker 3: So I want to bag some Monros. 72 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:24,079 Speaker 2: Is that legal? 73 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,680 Speaker 3: Not only is it legal, it's actually encourage mango. So 74 00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:29,120 Speaker 3: in Monroe is any mountain in Scotland that's over three 75 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:31,160 Speaker 3: thousand feet tall? And I was curious how many of 76 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:33,040 Speaker 3: these there were. There are two hundred and eighty two 77 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 3: Monros in total, and if you make it to the 78 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:36,240 Speaker 3: top of one, you've bagged it. 79 00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: That's what they say. 80 00:03:37,040 --> 00:03:38,960 Speaker 3: Now you may be thinking that a Monroe is a 81 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 3: scientific term or a word derived from Gaelic, but actually 82 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 3: their name for Sir Hugh Monroe, who surveyed and catalog them. 83 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:45,400 Speaker 3: This was way back in eighteen ninety one. 84 00:03:45,480 --> 00:03:47,520 Speaker 2: Now, first of all, I love this terminology. Bagging a 85 00:03:47,600 --> 00:03:50,480 Speaker 2: Monroe is ridiculous, a great term. It is ridiculous. But 86 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 2: but did this guy just wake up with day decide 87 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 2: to make like like a huge list of mountains. 88 00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:55,880 Speaker 3: No, it was actually an assignment. He was asked to 89 00:03:55,880 --> 00:03:58,200 Speaker 3: do it by the editor of the Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 90 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 3: and mountain climbing and hillwalking were and of course still 91 00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 3: are popular past times in Scotland, and that's, of course 92 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:05,320 Speaker 3: thanks to the country's rugged terrain. So Monroe had co 93 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 3: founded the club a few years earlier, so he was 94 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,240 Speaker 3: clearly qualified for this. But he had something else going 95 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:11,920 Speaker 3: for him. According to a biography written by the Monroe Society, 96 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:14,320 Speaker 3: he was known as a compulsive note taker and quote 97 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:17,240 Speaker 3: he flung himself with enthusiasm into everything he undertook. So 98 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:19,320 Speaker 3: it seems like a super interesting guy. But although he 99 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:21,920 Speaker 3: worked tirelessly to catalog them all, Monroe didn't bag all 100 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:24,280 Speaker 3: the Monroes himself. He actually sadly died of pneumonia in 101 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:27,719 Speaker 3: nineteen nineteen with only three mountains left on his climbing list. 102 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 1: It's just such a bummer. 103 00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:30,680 Speaker 3: That is really tragic, I know, and it means that 104 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:33,279 Speaker 3: he doesn't qualify as a completer. That's the official term 105 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:35,520 Speaker 3: for people who reach the top of every single Monroe, 106 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:37,480 Speaker 3: and that's a lot like that is a lot of climbing, 107 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:39,400 Speaker 3: a lot of walking, and so doing so gains you 108 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 3: membership into the Monroe Society, which says there are just 109 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,360 Speaker 3: over seventy six hundred registered completers. And I'd like to 110 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:46,720 Speaker 3: think that Sir Hugh would be especially proud of Jamie Errens, 111 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:48,880 Speaker 3: who holds the fastest record from Monroe, completing in a 112 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:51,520 Speaker 3: single self propelled round, meaning she didn't use any form 113 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:54,239 Speaker 3: of motorized transportation. She bagged the whole list in thirty 114 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,440 Speaker 3: one days, ten hours, and twenty seven minutes, traveling on foot, 115 00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:00,200 Speaker 3: by bike, and by sea kayak to reach them all. Now, 116 00:05:00,279 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 3: out of the I can match Jamie's record or even 117 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:03,200 Speaker 3: come closed. But one of these days I'd love to 118 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:04,840 Speaker 3: go to Scotland and put at least one Monroe in 119 00:05:04,839 --> 00:05:05,040 Speaker 3: my back. 120 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:06,400 Speaker 2: I don't want to overdo it one. It feels like 121 00:05:06,440 --> 00:05:08,840 Speaker 2: that's impressive enough. Yeah, you gotta do it for Sir Hugh. 122 00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:12,600 Speaker 2: I love it. Also, that's incredible. Jja's that really sunning. 123 00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:14,159 Speaker 2: Have you been to Scotland before? 124 00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:14,520 Speaker 1: I have not. 125 00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 3: It's definitely on the list of places I want to 126 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:17,800 Speaker 3: get to and you know the coming years, how about you. 127 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 2: We went with my family. My dad organized a trip, 128 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:22,920 Speaker 2: which you know, my mom does most of organizing, and 129 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:25,760 Speaker 2: so this was a very poorly organized trip and we 130 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:28,480 Speaker 2: went to a farmhouse and there are all these generations 131 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:33,000 Speaker 2: of family and we basically saw none of Scotland. No 132 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:34,720 Speaker 2: one could get coordinated and everyone wanted to do their 133 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:35,040 Speaker 2: own thing. 134 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:37,920 Speaker 1: It's but a nice farmhouse, I hope, so beautiful. 135 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 2: I mean, like the land was beautiful. Everyone was so nice. 136 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:42,320 Speaker 2: I really want to go back to Scotland, but I've 137 00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:44,440 Speaker 2: been once. I haven't really seen it, so okay, So 138 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 2: back to this. In nineteen eighty four, a Scottish paleontologist 139 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:50,240 Speaker 2: named stan Wood made a remarkable discovery in this old 140 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 2: limestone quarry and this is in West Lothian. Would by 141 00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:54,480 Speaker 2: the way, it wasn't a trained scientist. He actually never 142 00:05:54,520 --> 00:05:56,919 Speaker 2: finished a school and worked at a shipyard and then for 143 00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:59,520 Speaker 2: an insurance company. But he became this like really respected 144 00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:02,360 Speaker 2: diy fossil collector and in fact he eventually amasked such 145 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:04,719 Speaker 2: impressive finds that the Royal Museum in Scotland began buying 146 00:06:04,760 --> 00:06:06,800 Speaker 2: them from him, all of which led to this faithful 147 00:06:06,839 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 2: day in the quarry would actually uncovered the fossil that 148 00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 2: would turn out to be the oldest known tetrapod, which, 149 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:12,560 Speaker 2: you know, I didn't know what a tetrapod is. It's 150 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 2: a class of animals that emerge from the water and 151 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:17,600 Speaker 2: involved into familiar things like you know, mammals or amphibians. 152 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:20,080 Speaker 2: And the creature he discovered was about like seven inches long. 153 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 2: It had four stumpy legs and a lizard like tail, 154 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:24,719 Speaker 2: so he nicknamed it Lizzie the Lizard, even though scientists 155 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:26,640 Speaker 2: have since pointed out it's a not really lizard, you know, 156 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:28,279 Speaker 2: in fact that they don't really know what it is. 157 00:06:28,520 --> 00:06:30,159 Speaker 2: The best guest seems to be some kind of ancient 158 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:33,080 Speaker 2: relative of the salamander. But even though everyone referred to 159 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:35,239 Speaker 2: Lizzie as she, we also don't know whether the critter 160 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:35,679 Speaker 2: was a female. 161 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:37,360 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's funny how you can take a fossil which 162 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 3: is really just a rock, right, and the minute you 163 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:40,200 Speaker 3: give it a name, you start to think of it 164 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:41,040 Speaker 3: as this cute creature. 165 00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:41,520 Speaker 1: But I don't know. 166 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:43,400 Speaker 3: It just always amuses me. But but anyway, how old 167 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:43,800 Speaker 3: is Lizzi? 168 00:06:43,839 --> 00:06:44,239 Speaker 1: Exactly? 169 00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:46,640 Speaker 2: Well, based on the ages of the rocks in which 170 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 2: she was found, everyone's best guess was that Lizzie was 171 00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:50,760 Speaker 2: around three hundred and thirty one million years old, Right, 172 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:53,400 Speaker 2: it's pretty old. But last year, a University of Texas 173 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 2: PhD student and his name is Hector Garza, he decided 174 00:06:56,320 --> 00:06:58,239 Speaker 2: to get more specific, and so he used this technique 175 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,960 Speaker 2: called radiometric dating, and Garza found that Lizzie is actually 176 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:03,680 Speaker 2: three hundred and forty six million years old, which is 177 00:07:03,680 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 2: a huge deal because that means she lived during Romer's Gap. 178 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 2: Roamers Gap is this mysterious gap in the fossil record 179 00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:10,360 Speaker 2: that runs from about three hundred and forty five to 180 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:12,360 Speaker 2: three hundred and sixty million years ago, And so when 181 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:14,280 Speaker 2: you home in on Lizzie's true age, it actually gives 182 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 2: scientists this better understanding of when vertebrates emerged from the 183 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 2: water and went on the land, and it also gives 184 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:21,440 Speaker 2: them a clue about what might have prompted that huge change. 185 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:24,040 Speaker 3: All right, well, my next fact is also about an animal, 186 00:07:24,080 --> 00:07:26,280 Speaker 3: and it may be less scientifically important, but I dare 187 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:28,520 Speaker 3: say it is cuter than a fossil. I'm talking about 188 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:30,440 Speaker 3: the Scottish Terrier, or as it's often known. 189 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: The Scotti. 190 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 2: Oh like Toto and the Wizard of Oz right well, 191 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:34,280 Speaker 2: actually pretty close. 192 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 3: So the dog who played Toto in the old Judy 193 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:38,080 Speaker 3: Garland movie was actually a Cairn Terrier. But I'm glad 194 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:39,920 Speaker 3: you did bring that up, because there are several terrier 195 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:42,840 Speaker 3: breeds that originated in Scotland, including the Cairn, the Sky, 196 00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:45,480 Speaker 3: the Dandie Denmont which definitely sounds like it's in Scotland, 197 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:48,480 Speaker 3: and the West Highland White, but none have captured the 198 00:07:48,520 --> 00:07:50,800 Speaker 3: public imagination quite like the Scotti, which has become a 199 00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:51,880 Speaker 3: symbol of its native country. 200 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 2: I mean it is the one. They call it Scottish terrier. 201 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 3: It's true, that's a fair point. But although the Scotti 202 00:07:57,720 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 3: is an icon now, it's got a pretty humble origin. 203 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,840 Speaker 3: So historians believe the breed originated with dogs brought over 204 00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:04,880 Speaker 3: from Europe by the early Celts, and then by the 205 00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 3: fourteenth century it was common for farmers in the Scottish 206 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 3: Islands to have these short legged dogs that they used 207 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 3: to hunt rats and foxes and sort of other vermin. 208 00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 3: But these folks were pretty busy with day to day survival, 209 00:08:13,640 --> 00:08:15,680 Speaker 3: so they didn't spend much time writing down the descriptions 210 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:17,880 Speaker 3: of dogs or determining if this dog counted as a 211 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 3: different breed from that dog. 212 00:08:19,080 --> 00:08:20,640 Speaker 2: Sure, I mean, all they cared about was was this 213 00:08:20,680 --> 00:08:21,640 Speaker 2: dog catching a rat? Right? 214 00:08:21,760 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: One hundred percent? 215 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 3: And you know it actually wasn't until the eighteen hundreds 216 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:26,680 Speaker 3: that the Scottish terrier became widely known as this unique 217 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:29,560 Speaker 3: type different from other terriers in Scotland. It was sometimes 218 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:31,560 Speaker 3: referred to as an Aberdeen terrier, so one theory is 219 00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:33,480 Speaker 3: that the breed emerged from the Highlands via the city 220 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:35,560 Speaker 3: of Aberdeen, which is to the east and any rate. 221 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:38,079 Speaker 3: People began compiling these proper breed records in the eighteen 222 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 3: hundreds and eventually they held dog shows, which further popularized 223 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:43,960 Speaker 3: the idea of distinct breeds with these desirable traits. Back then, 224 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:46,880 Speaker 3: sleek hunting dogs or tiny fluffy toys were all the rage. 225 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:49,120 Speaker 3: The Scotti, with its wiry code and muscular chests, just 226 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:51,400 Speaker 3: wasn't that appealing at that time, and that all changed 227 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,840 Speaker 3: in the twentieth century. Scotti clubs and breeders started popping 228 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 3: up across Scotland. And across the US actually for that matter, 229 00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:58,960 Speaker 3: and this former farmhand became known as a wonderful family pet. 230 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:01,120 Speaker 3: Now it's because of their person They've been described as 231 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:03,600 Speaker 3: almost human like in their intelligence and their incredible loyalty. 232 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:05,560 Speaker 3: In fact, Scotty's were so beloved that they were actually 233 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:08,360 Speaker 3: immortalized as a game piece in Monopoly. You remember this, right, yeah, 234 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 3: of course? Yeah, and then of course famous owners like 235 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:12,480 Speaker 3: Fdr Dwight, the Eisenhower and Humphrey Bogart. 236 00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:15,880 Speaker 2: Wow, yeah, I know. I mean when you are next 237 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 2: to a top hat and a thimble, I feel like 238 00:09:17,679 --> 00:09:18,520 Speaker 2: that's when you know you've made it. 239 00:09:18,520 --> 00:09:19,760 Speaker 1: It's a big deal. Like it's a big deal. 240 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:22,040 Speaker 2: Yeah all right, Well we have to take a quick break, 241 00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:23,280 Speaker 2: but when we come back, I'll tell you what it 242 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:25,840 Speaker 2: takes to make a Tardan of your own. Don't go anywhere. 243 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,240 Speaker 2: Welcome back to a very Scottish part time genius. If 244 00:09:43,240 --> 00:09:45,920 Speaker 2: you're enjoying this episode, please share it with friend or 245 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:50,560 Speaker 2: leave us a nice review and rating. It helps us out. Okay, well, 246 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:52,640 Speaker 2: I want you to close your eyes and imagine a 247 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:54,439 Speaker 2: kilt your eyes. 248 00:09:54,559 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, definitely. 249 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 2: What does it look like? 250 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 3: Okay, it's long pleated I think made of wool, and 251 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:04,120 Speaker 3: of course it's plaid. 252 00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:07,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, not bad, but technically you can open your eyes. 253 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:11,199 Speaker 2: But technically speaking, the pattern most of US Americans call 254 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,679 Speaker 2: plaid is tartan. In Scotland, the word plaid refers to 255 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,440 Speaker 2: a piece of tartan fabric used as a blanket or 256 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,559 Speaker 2: worn over the shoulder. But right now we're just talking tartan. 257 00:10:22,040 --> 00:10:25,600 Speaker 2: So Scottish tartan has a long storied history. In the 258 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:29,160 Speaker 2: eighteenth century, these patterns became popular as military uniforms, and 259 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:33,360 Speaker 2: many clans or families adopted signature tartans of their own. 260 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:36,600 Speaker 2: But the patterns used in Scotland goes back even further. 261 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 2: In the nineteen eighties, a scrap of wool tartan fabric 262 00:10:39,840 --> 00:10:43,400 Speaker 2: was found in a peat bog in glen Afric, and 263 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:47,280 Speaker 2: radiocarbon dating suggested it was made in the fourteenth century, 264 00:10:47,720 --> 00:10:50,880 Speaker 2: and although it was stained by pete, the die analysis 265 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:54,080 Speaker 2: showed that its true colors included green and brown stripes 266 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:57,720 Speaker 2: on yellow and red backgrounds. And so I know about 267 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:00,800 Speaker 2: the glen Affric tartan because I actually looked it up 268 00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:04,600 Speaker 2: on the Scottish Registry of Tartans, and I didn't realize 269 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,079 Speaker 2: this existed before, but it's this incredible database that the 270 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:11,040 Speaker 2: country is collected. It's the Official Database of Tartan Designs 271 00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:14,440 Speaker 2: and it was established by Parliament in two thousand and eight. 272 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 2: It contains thousands of searchable tartan patterns. 273 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:21,640 Speaker 3: So how does this actually work? Like, can anybody register 274 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:22,160 Speaker 3: a tartan? 275 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:25,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, anyone can, but there are three conditions. So first, 276 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,480 Speaker 2: that has to meet the government's definition of a tartan, 277 00:11:27,679 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 2: which is quote, a design which is capable of being 278 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:35,160 Speaker 2: woven consisting of two or more alternating colored stripes which 279 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:39,040 Speaker 2: combine vertically and horizontally to form a repeated checkered pattern. Right, 280 00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:42,439 Speaker 2: so it just kind of has that plaid like feel. Second, 281 00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:44,480 Speaker 2: it has to be unique. It can't be the same 282 00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:47,720 Speaker 2: as any other registered tartan. And finally, there has to 283 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:50,560 Speaker 2: be a clear link between the person registering the tartan 284 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:54,400 Speaker 2: and the proposed tartan name. Right, So anyone can do it. 285 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:58,040 Speaker 2: Lots of people have, and even corporations, schools, nonprofits have 286 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:00,880 Speaker 2: gotten into this game. I've spent maybe too much time 287 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:03,319 Speaker 2: browsing the register, but I found that there are official 288 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:07,720 Speaker 2: tartans for the University of Delaware, the Canadian Police College, 289 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:12,640 Speaker 2: British Airways, Hello Kitty, the New York Jets, and my favorite, 290 00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:16,280 Speaker 2: a tartan created by an Ohio man to raise money 291 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:17,560 Speaker 2: for cats with cancer. 292 00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:19,199 Speaker 1: Wow, that's why. 293 00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:22,640 Speaker 2: If you're curious, that pattern is ten black and blue 294 00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:26,120 Speaker 2: to mimic the coat and eyes of his late companion JD. 295 00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:27,480 Speaker 2: The Siamese cat. 296 00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:29,800 Speaker 3: Oh that's kind of sweet. But actually, now that you 297 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:31,440 Speaker 3: say this, are you thinking what I'm thinking? 298 00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:34,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, definitely I want a part time genius tartan. 299 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:36,440 Speaker 3: I don't even know what we would do with it, 300 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:38,720 Speaker 3: but it just seems like such an amazing thing to have. 301 00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:40,280 Speaker 3: I would just in fact, I think I need two 302 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:40,680 Speaker 3: of them. 303 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:43,520 Speaker 2: Yeah. Well, I mean if Hello Kitty got one, I 304 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:44,400 Speaker 2: feel like we should. 305 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:47,160 Speaker 1: That's a that's a fair point, all right. 306 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:50,280 Speaker 3: My next fact involves another symbol of Scotland, but there's 307 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,720 Speaker 3: no registry for this one. That's because it's a mythical creature. 308 00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:55,880 Speaker 3: And this is, of course the unicorn. 309 00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:58,240 Speaker 2: You know, I noticed that when I was doing my research. 310 00:12:58,280 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 2: There's a unicorn on the Scottish coat of arms, but 311 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:02,920 Speaker 2: I'm not exactly sure why that's true. 312 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:05,520 Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean, unicorns are obviously great. We need to 313 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:07,760 Speaker 3: stop for a moment just to acknowledge. 314 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:11,080 Speaker 2: That unicorns twenty seconds of silence to just think about 315 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:11,880 Speaker 2: how great they are. 316 00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:15,560 Speaker 3: Recognize the unicorn. But also it has to do with history. 317 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:20,320 Speaker 3: So in Celtic mythology, unicorns symbolized strength, purity and of 318 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:23,720 Speaker 3: course innocence, and in art and in legends, unicorns are 319 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:27,840 Speaker 3: depicted as independent and difficult to capture, and that's probably 320 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:31,000 Speaker 3: why in the twelfth century, King William the First added 321 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:34,120 Speaker 3: a unicorn to the Scottish Royal coat of arms. Now, 322 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:37,480 Speaker 3: as the years rolled on, unicorn legends grew in the 323 00:13:37,480 --> 00:13:40,719 Speaker 3: Middle Ages, people believe that only a king could capture one. 324 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:43,640 Speaker 3: So it's no surprise that in the early fourteen hundreds 325 00:13:43,920 --> 00:13:47,680 Speaker 3: Scotland's King James the Second kept the unicorn symbolism going 326 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 3: and from then on the Scottish throne and the unicorns 327 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:54,600 Speaker 3: were inextricably linked. Now the country's next kings, these were 328 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:59,440 Speaker 3: James's three, four and five super original. They went unicorn crazy, 329 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:03,840 Speaker 3: putting the reachers on coins, seals, other emblems, and eventually 330 00:14:03,880 --> 00:14:06,680 Speaker 3: the Scottish Royal coat of arms included a shield supported 331 00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:10,440 Speaker 3: by not one, but two unicorns who were draped in 332 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:13,760 Speaker 3: gold chains at least until the Union of Crowns in 333 00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:17,120 Speaker 3: sixteen oh three. That's when King James the sixth became 334 00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:20,320 Speaker 3: the King of England and Ireland as well as Scotland, 335 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:23,000 Speaker 3: and at that time one of the unicorns was replaced 336 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 3: by a lion to represent England, of course, so today 337 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 3: you'll find unicorn imagery all over Scotland, and every April ninth, 338 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:33,680 Speaker 3: Scott's along with the rest of the world, celebrate a 339 00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:36,120 Speaker 3: National Unicorn Day, which is coming up soon. 340 00:14:36,640 --> 00:14:39,160 Speaker 2: So funny. If I was looking for a unicorn or 341 00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:41,280 Speaker 2: a lion, I feel like the last two places I 342 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:47,440 Speaker 2: would go are Scotland, and that's probably fair. So while 343 00:14:47,440 --> 00:14:49,000 Speaker 2: we're on the subject of sty wait, I got to. 344 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: Ask you, where where do you think you would go 345 00:14:50,760 --> 00:14:52,200 Speaker 1: to look for a unicorn? Exactly? 346 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 2: It's a good question. 347 00:14:56,120 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 1: I don't know. 348 00:14:56,680 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 2: I feel I think maybe there are parts of Scott's 349 00:14:59,840 --> 00:15:01,480 Speaker 2: got than like the Islis Sky or something that you 350 00:15:01,560 --> 00:15:02,000 Speaker 2: might go to. 351 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:03,160 Speaker 1: But I don't know. 352 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:06,880 Speaker 2: I don't know where unicorn's natural habitats should be, but 353 00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:12,120 Speaker 2: I'm not sure of Scotland's fair. So while we're on 354 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:15,840 Speaker 2: the subject of Scottish heritage, let's turn our attention to language. 355 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 2: After English, the most widely spoken language in Scotland is Scots. 356 00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 2: In fact, across the UK more people speak Scots than 357 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,000 Speaker 2: Welsh or Gaelic. You may know some yourself, like if 358 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:30,320 Speaker 2: you've ever called a small child a we baarn, that's Scots. 359 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:33,560 Speaker 2: Or if you've ever sung all leanth sign that is 360 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:34,400 Speaker 2: also Scots. 361 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,240 Speaker 3: You know, I have sung all lanth sign, but I've 362 00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 3: never thought about what those words actually mean. 363 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:42,160 Speaker 1: Right, You learned something like this as a kid. 364 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:43,560 Speaker 3: You just kind of go along with it and you 365 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:45,400 Speaker 3: just keep saying and don't really think about it. 366 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:48,880 Speaker 2: Yeah, or you just like mumble along to the lyrics 367 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 2: as other people are singing it on New exactly. Apparently 368 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:54,840 Speaker 2: it's Scott's for the good old days. 369 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,479 Speaker 1: Of course it even sounds like old. 370 00:15:57,640 --> 00:16:00,600 Speaker 2: Yeah, the old and the old, right. But you know, 371 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:04,160 Speaker 2: that's one challenge. The Scots language is actually face because 372 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 2: modern Scots share some similarity and overlap with English, and 373 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:11,280 Speaker 2: a lot of people even in Scotland don't recognize that 374 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:14,440 Speaker 2: it is a language. It's often referred to as a 375 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:17,840 Speaker 2: dialect of English, and in a twenty ten survey of 376 00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 2: Scottish adults, sixty four percent of the people agreed with 377 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:24,720 Speaker 2: the statement I don't really think scots is a language, 378 00:16:24,880 --> 00:16:27,480 Speaker 2: it's more of a way of speaking. And while most 379 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:30,520 Speaker 2: respondents felt Scott's was an important part of national identity, 380 00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:34,240 Speaker 2: twenty six percent of people equated it with slang, saying 381 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 2: it doesn't sound nice or proper. Now. I actually read 382 00:16:38,200 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 2: a study from twenty twenty two that looked at perceptions 383 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:43,760 Speaker 2: of language, and it concluded that people are more likely 384 00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:48,040 Speaker 2: to consider a language legitimate if it's unrelated to other languages, 385 00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:51,600 Speaker 2: if it's written, and if it's spoken widely, as opposed 386 00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:55,040 Speaker 2: to in a limited geographic area. You know, Scotts only 387 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:56,400 Speaker 2: passes one of those tests. 388 00:16:56,760 --> 00:16:59,960 Speaker 1: Oh it's so interesting and also admittedly kind of sad. 389 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:02,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, I agree, I mean it's funny, right, Like, if 390 00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:05,359 Speaker 2: you think about it, there's so many similarities between like 391 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:08,720 Speaker 2: French and Italian, or Spanish and Portuguese. Right, there are 392 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 2: plenty words that are mutually intelligible, but no one would 393 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:14,680 Speaker 2: suggest that they aren't distinct languages. 394 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:18,040 Speaker 1: So their efforts to encourage the use of Scott's. 395 00:17:17,960 --> 00:17:21,439 Speaker 2: Yeah, there are. It's part of Scotland's national curriculum and 396 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:25,400 Speaker 2: in twenty fifteen, the Scottish government released a Scots Language 397 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:28,480 Speaker 2: Policy in which it pledged to promote the use of Scots. 398 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:30,560 Speaker 2: The Scottish Book Trust has also done a lot to 399 00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:34,600 Speaker 2: support Scott's language, education and literature, and speaking of which, 400 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:37,680 Speaker 2: there's a growing number of modern Scottish authors writing in Scots. 401 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:42,160 Speaker 2: That includes Irvine Welsh, who you might remember from Trainspotting, 402 00:17:42,320 --> 00:17:46,920 Speaker 2: but also James Kellman, Emma Gray, Alan Bassett and a 403 00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:47,480 Speaker 2: whole lot more. 404 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:50,199 Speaker 3: Actually, yeah, I was rapidly trying to look up how 405 00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 3: to say that's great news in Scots and I didn't 406 00:17:52,560 --> 00:17:53,040 Speaker 3: quite get there. 407 00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:54,960 Speaker 1: So I'll just say that's great news. 408 00:17:56,119 --> 00:17:58,160 Speaker 2: I'm pretty sure everyone i'll understand. 409 00:17:58,680 --> 00:17:59,000 Speaker 1: All right. 410 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:01,200 Speaker 3: So for my last fact, I'm going to tell you 411 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:02,920 Speaker 3: about the googa hunters of Nests. 412 00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:06,280 Speaker 2: First year bagn Monrose and now you're hunting gougas. 413 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 3: This is the best. This has been my favorite. This 414 00:18:08,840 --> 00:18:12,280 Speaker 3: is fantastic. Now I'm not hunting googas. In fact, no 415 00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:15,639 Speaker 3: one does, except for ten men from Ness. It's this 416 00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:18,639 Speaker 3: remote community and the northernmost tip of the Isle of 417 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:22,520 Speaker 3: Lewis in the Outer Hebrides. Now, in recent years the 418 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:25,880 Speaker 3: population of nests has dwindled to about thirteen hundred as 419 00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:29,439 Speaker 3: young people leave to find jobs elsewhere. Now, meanwhile, some 420 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:33,600 Speaker 3: urban newcomers have moved in looking for a less hectic lifestyle. 421 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:36,560 Speaker 3: That means the social fabric is changing pretty quickly and 422 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:39,920 Speaker 3: locals are trying to preserve their traditions. Now, the most 423 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:41,560 Speaker 3: famous tradition in Ness. 424 00:18:41,359 --> 00:18:42,919 Speaker 1: Is the annual Googa hunting. 425 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:46,520 Speaker 3: Googa is a Gaelic word referring to a juvenile seabird 426 00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:50,200 Speaker 3: called a ganet. In every August, ten men from Nests 427 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:52,679 Speaker 3: sail a rough stretch of the Northern Atlantic to a 428 00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:57,040 Speaker 3: tiny uninhabited island. There they haul their gear up steep 429 00:18:57,040 --> 00:19:00,280 Speaker 3: cliffs and set up camp and these ancient stone huts. 430 00:19:00,359 --> 00:19:02,920 Speaker 3: And no one knows for sure how old these huts are, 431 00:19:03,359 --> 00:19:05,639 Speaker 3: but the Ness men have hunted google on this island 432 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:08,720 Speaker 3: since the fifteen hundreds and maybe even earlier than that. 433 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:12,639 Speaker 2: You know, I didn't realize it was still legal to 434 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:14,840 Speaker 2: hunt these sort of like wild sea birds. 435 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:17,960 Speaker 3: It's actually not, but in this case, UK law makes 436 00:19:17,960 --> 00:19:20,680 Speaker 3: an exception for the googa hunt because of its cultural 437 00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:23,840 Speaker 3: significance here. And you know, the hunt hasn't changed much 438 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:27,119 Speaker 3: over the years. The men don't use guns or traps. Instead, 439 00:19:27,160 --> 00:19:29,840 Speaker 3: they use these long poles to grab the googas by 440 00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:32,800 Speaker 3: the necks, and then they use rocks to deliver a 441 00:19:32,880 --> 00:19:36,640 Speaker 3: blow to the head, killing the birds almost instantly. Now 442 00:19:36,640 --> 00:19:39,720 Speaker 3: the carcasses are cleaned, they're salted, they're stacked along these 443 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:42,600 Speaker 3: cliffs until it's time to sail back, and so when 444 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:45,000 Speaker 3: the hunters arrive home, they're greeted at the docks by 445 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 3: friends and family. They're all eager to claim their share 446 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,720 Speaker 3: of the spoils. Googa is actually a local delicacy, boiled 447 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:54,320 Speaker 3: and then served with potatoes and a glass of milk. It's, 448 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:57,200 Speaker 3: of course in acquired taste, and it sounds sort of 449 00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:00,280 Speaker 3: weird to think about all this combination here, but one 450 00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:03,040 Speaker 3: report I read described it as a cross between rotten 451 00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:04,720 Speaker 3: leather and fishy beef. 452 00:20:04,800 --> 00:20:06,000 Speaker 1: So once you hear that, you're like. 453 00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:09,439 Speaker 3: I'm all in on this, but definitely totally, But fans 454 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:12,440 Speaker 3: say it's closer to to like salted mackerel. 455 00:20:12,960 --> 00:20:13,360 Speaker 1: Either way. 456 00:20:13,359 --> 00:20:16,000 Speaker 3: The days of google feast on nests maybe coming to 457 00:20:16,119 --> 00:20:19,080 Speaker 3: a close. So after an outbreak of avian flu, the 458 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 3: twenty twenty two hunt was canceled, and last year Scotland's 459 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:26,720 Speaker 3: Conservation Agency reduced the harvest from two thousand birds to 460 00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:31,160 Speaker 3: five hundred. But the biggest threat is actually political. Opponents 461 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:33,560 Speaker 3: of the hunt say it's cruel and barbaric, and a 462 00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:36,000 Speaker 3: petition calling for its end was sent to Parliament with 463 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:39,280 Speaker 3: eighty five thousand signatures, So a lot of people behind this. 464 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:42,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean there's always that tension right between tradition 465 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:46,840 Speaker 2: and what feels barbaric, like killing birds with rocks feels 466 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:47,600 Speaker 2: a little awful. 467 00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:49,919 Speaker 3: Yeah, no, that's true. But you know, as supporters have 468 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:54,040 Speaker 3: pointed out, the reality of factory farm poultry isn't great either, right, 469 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,360 Speaker 3: and things like feazen and partridge shooting have been popular 470 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:00,879 Speaker 3: past times for the UK's upper class for century. But 471 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:03,240 Speaker 3: it's a real concern, as is the matter of conservation. 472 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:05,560 Speaker 2: So where does this stand today? 473 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:08,800 Speaker 3: Well, as of this recording, this is still TBD. The 474 00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:12,000 Speaker 3: petition remains open but won't be considered until after the 475 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,040 Speaker 3: Scottish Parliament election in May. 476 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:17,640 Speaker 2: Well, I'm curious to see what happens. Well, it is 477 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:20,560 Speaker 2: time for our final fact well, and I thought we'd 478 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:22,680 Speaker 2: kick it off with some music, So I'm going to 479 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:23,760 Speaker 2: have you take a listen here. 480 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:44,600 Speaker 1: Oh man, that's great. 481 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,000 Speaker 3: I feel like I'm standing on a Scottish more, you know, 482 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:49,919 Speaker 3: with the wind and my hair, you know, pretending I 483 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:51,840 Speaker 3: have hair this wind in there. 484 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:53,399 Speaker 1: Like I think I can remember what that feels like. 485 00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:57,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, well you should not, because what you just heard 486 00:21:57,320 --> 00:22:00,840 Speaker 2: was a clip from a Slovak folklore fest. Well the 487 00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:04,080 Speaker 2: instrument was a guide or Slovak bagpipe. 488 00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:06,400 Speaker 3: You know you wait until the end of this episode 489 00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 3: to tell me that bagpipes aren't Scottish. 490 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:11,959 Speaker 2: We always save the most surprising for last, right, But 491 00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:16,320 Speaker 2: it's true. Bagpipes are a truly global instrument. You'll hear 492 00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:19,919 Speaker 2: them across Europe, North Africa, parts of Asia, the Balkans, 493 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:23,920 Speaker 2: even the Middle East. It is hard to pinpoint exactly 494 00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:26,960 Speaker 2: when and where they were invented, but the idea of 495 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:28,840 Speaker 2: attaching a bag or a reservoir of air to a 496 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:31,080 Speaker 2: set of pipes goes back to ancient times. In fact, 497 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:34,560 Speaker 2: archaeologists in Turkey found a Bronze Age carving of what 498 00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:38,240 Speaker 2: appears to be an early bagpipe. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, 499 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:41,040 Speaker 2: and Romans had bagpipes as well, and as the Roman 500 00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:45,359 Speaker 2: Empire expanded, bagpipes followed, which is how they came to Britain. 501 00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:49,320 Speaker 2: Now along the way the instrument evolved. They added drones, 502 00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:51,520 Speaker 2: which are those pipes at the top that hold a 503 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:55,560 Speaker 2: single tone, and also chants, which allow pipers to play 504 00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:59,760 Speaker 2: melodies by opening our closing holes. The first confirmed reference 505 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:03,800 Speaker 2: to Scottish bagpipes, however, dates back to thirteen ninety six, 506 00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:06,800 Speaker 2: and this is from an account of a clan battle 507 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:09,680 Speaker 2: which mentions the presence of war pipes. And for the 508 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:13,640 Speaker 2: next several centuries, bagpipes played a huge role in Scottish warfare. 509 00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:16,119 Speaker 2: They're not the easiest instrument to march into battle with, 510 00:23:16,280 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 2: but they are definitely loud, so they are ideal for 511 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:25,280 Speaker 2: signaling troops forward, raising morale and frankly intimidating opponents. By 512 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,280 Speaker 2: the late sixteenth centuries, Scotland had created the bagpipe most 513 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:31,680 Speaker 2: of us know today the Great Highland bagpipe. It's got 514 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:35,560 Speaker 2: two tenor drones, one bass drone and a chanter. Great 515 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:38,960 Speaker 2: Highland pipers actually accompany British troops on the front lines 516 00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:41,359 Speaker 2: of World War One and World War Two? Do you 517 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:41,720 Speaker 2: know that? 518 00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,520 Speaker 3: Whoa Can you imagine just like standing there in a 519 00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:47,280 Speaker 3: trench playing a bagpipe while these bullets are flying all 520 00:23:47,320 --> 00:23:50,080 Speaker 3: around you so strong sometimes like the parts of war, 521 00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:52,119 Speaker 3: like this are just so bizarre. 522 00:23:52,520 --> 00:23:55,439 Speaker 2: It is insane to imagine. And it's actually estimated that 523 00:23:55,440 --> 00:23:58,560 Speaker 2: about one thousand pipers died in World War One, and 524 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:01,639 Speaker 2: part way through World War I to the frontline, piping 525 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 2: was banned to reduce these fatalities. But there's actually a 526 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:08,040 Speaker 2: famous story about one exception. So during D Day, a 527 00:24:08,040 --> 00:24:12,280 Speaker 2: Scottish commander named Simon Fraser asked his piper, Bill Millen, 528 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:14,680 Speaker 2: to play as the troops charged onto the beach, and 529 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,240 Speaker 2: Millan pointed out that the War Office had forbade this 530 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:21,200 Speaker 2: kind of thing, to which Fraser replied, that's the English 531 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:23,720 Speaker 2: War Office. You and I are both Scottish and that 532 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:27,960 Speaker 2: does not apply. So Millan marched along the beach playing 533 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:30,520 Speaker 2: his pipes under a hail of German fire, and both 534 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:34,000 Speaker 2: he and Fraser lived to tell the tale. Is that incredible? 535 00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,159 Speaker 3: Yeah, that definitely is an incredible story. And for that, Mango, 536 00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:39,439 Speaker 3: and for all the time you spent digging through the 537 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:43,160 Speaker 3: official Tartan register, I decided at that moment, right then, 538 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:45,920 Speaker 3: right here, you deserve today's trophy. 539 00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:49,680 Speaker 2: Well I will take it. I don't know if you 540 00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:51,879 Speaker 2: knew this, but on my tennis team in high school, 541 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:54,399 Speaker 2: one of our best players used to play the bagpipes 542 00:24:54,560 --> 00:24:57,800 Speaker 2: and would play them during practice and warm ups to 543 00:24:57,840 --> 00:24:59,000 Speaker 2: annoy other teams. 544 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:01,960 Speaker 1: Oh, that's actually pretty great. 545 00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:05,920 Speaker 3: One of those one of those instruments that sounds amazing 546 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 3: from like a football field. 547 00:25:07,320 --> 00:25:08,440 Speaker 1: The way and you get a little. 548 00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:10,560 Speaker 3: Closer, You're like, that's a little that's a little close. 549 00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:13,719 Speaker 3: But I do have to say I'm a little disappointed 550 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:15,960 Speaker 3: we haven't heard a real Scottish bagpipe. 551 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 2: You know, I had a feeling you might say that, 552 00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:32,040 Speaker 2: so I came prepared. Here you go. That is the 553 00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:37,960 Speaker 2: Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo and Annual performance held outside Edinburgh Castle. 554 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:39,240 Speaker 1: That's amazing. 555 00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:41,320 Speaker 3: What a great way to close out the episode. You know, 556 00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:43,160 Speaker 3: maybe one day we can go see it in person 557 00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:45,679 Speaker 3: wearing the Part Time Genius tartan. 558 00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:46,600 Speaker 1: I can see it now. 559 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:49,800 Speaker 2: I'd love that. But before we go, remember to follow 560 00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:53,480 Speaker 2: us on Instagram and Blue Sky. We're at Part Time Genius. 561 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:55,520 Speaker 2: If you have a question or idea for the show, 562 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:58,800 Speaker 2: please write us an email at High Geniuses at gmail 563 00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:02,080 Speaker 2: dot com. That's Hi, Geniuses at gmail dot com. We 564 00:26:02,359 --> 00:26:05,080 Speaker 2: always love hearing from you. Now. We'll be back with 565 00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:10,320 Speaker 2: another new episode next week. But in the meantime from Will, Dylan, Gabe, Mary, 566 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:25,920 Speaker 2: and myself. Thank you so much for listening. Part Time 567 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:29,000 Speaker 2: Genius is a production of Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio. It is 568 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:32,200 Speaker 2: hosted by my good pal Will Pearson, who I've known 569 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,639 Speaker 2: for almost three decades now. That is insane to me. 570 00:26:36,160 --> 00:26:41,160 Speaker 2: I'm the other co host, Mangeshatikular aka Mango. Our producer 571 00:26:41,359 --> 00:26:44,400 Speaker 2: is Mary Phillips Sandy. She's actually a super producer. I'm 572 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:48,120 Speaker 2: going to fix that in post. Our writer is Gabe Lucyer, 573 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:51,280 Speaker 2: who I've also known for like a decade at this point, 574 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:54,520 Speaker 2: maybe more. Dylan Fagan is in the booth. He is 575 00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:58,080 Speaker 2: always dressed up, always cheering us on, and always ready 576 00:26:58,119 --> 00:27:00,800 Speaker 2: to hit record and then mix the show after he 577 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:03,520 Speaker 2: does a great job. I also want to shout out 578 00:27:03,720 --> 00:27:06,760 Speaker 2: the executive producers from iHeart my good pals Katrina and 579 00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:10,680 Speaker 2: Norvel and Ali Perry. We have social media support from 580 00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,840 Speaker 2: Calypso rallis if you like our videos, that is all 581 00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:18,520 Speaker 2: Calypso's handiwork. For more podcasts from Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio, visit 582 00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:22,919 Speaker 2: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or tune in wherever you 583 00:27:22,960 --> 00:27:25,760 Speaker 2: listen to your favorite shows. That's it from us here 584 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:28,760 Speaker 2: at part time Genius, thank you so much for listening.