WEBVTT - Beam Me Up, Fw:Thinking 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:07.160 Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to 0:00:07.360 --> 0:00:13.840 Forward Thinking, Be there, and welcome to Forward Thinking, the 0:00:14.040 --> 0:00:16.720 podcast that looks at the future and says I will 0:00:16.760 --> 0:00:21.160 be there and everywhere, here, there, and everywhere. I'm Jonathan 0:00:21.160 --> 0:00:25.200 Strickland and I'm Joe McCormick. And today we're not going 0:00:25.239 --> 0:00:27.440 to mess around at the beginning. We're gonna get right 0:00:27.480 --> 0:00:31.520 to business because we're talking about teleportation and no burying 0:00:31.560 --> 0:00:34.640 the lead in this episode like we've been known to 0:00:34.680 --> 0:00:37.440 do it like twenty minutes in. So this episode is 0:00:37.479 --> 0:00:41.040 about uh, yeah, we're talking specifically about the the concept 0:00:41.080 --> 0:00:45.040 of teleportation. Obviously, if you've been a fan of any 0:00:45.159 --> 0:00:48.239 sort of science fiction, you've probably seen some implementation of 0:00:48.280 --> 0:00:52.160 this idea, Star Trek of course, being probably the best 0:00:52.240 --> 0:00:55.920 known out of all the the uh sci fi stories 0:00:55.960 --> 0:00:58.600 out there that use this this device. Yeah. So we've 0:00:58.600 --> 0:01:02.200 talked about plenty of science fiction technologies in the past 0:01:02.240 --> 0:01:03.960 where we often, you know, look at something from a 0:01:04.040 --> 0:01:07.399 movie or from a futuristic TV show or book and 0:01:07.680 --> 0:01:10.399 we say, how plausible is that? Will we ever actually 0:01:10.400 --> 0:01:15.039 get there? And teleportation, I think is trickier than some 0:01:15.160 --> 0:01:17.960 of the ones that we've looked at in the past 0:01:18.040 --> 0:01:20.280 to come up with a way of saying, yeah, here's 0:01:20.280 --> 0:01:24.160 how that could work. Yeah, this one requires a lot 0:01:24.240 --> 0:01:27.640 of flexible thinking for you to get to a point 0:01:27.640 --> 0:01:30.600 where you could say, this is obviously not the same 0:01:30.640 --> 0:01:34.200 implementation that we see in these books and movies, but 0:01:34.360 --> 0:01:36.400 here's how it would work in the real world. And 0:01:36.400 --> 0:01:39.160 even in this case, we're like, here's how maybe sort 0:01:39.200 --> 0:01:41.720 of kind of it could possibly sort of work if 0:01:41.720 --> 0:01:44.080 you've got a lot of time on your hands. But 0:01:44.080 --> 0:01:46.760 but we're gonna do our best. So so what is 0:01:46.800 --> 0:01:50.360 the concept in its most basic definition, and how does 0:01:50.400 --> 0:01:53.160 that apply to to the science we're gonna bring in. 0:01:53.200 --> 0:01:56.720 I think we should go basically with the Star Trek model. 0:01:56.800 --> 0:01:58.960 I agree. So the idea is that you're going to 0:01:59.040 --> 0:02:02.919 take a collection of matter, and that could be a stapler, 0:02:03.080 --> 0:02:06.920 Freddy Krueger doll, a cuddlefish, a sopping wet Japanese vengeance 0:02:06.960 --> 0:02:11.400 goes red shirt, Yeah, a red shirt perfectly. You take 0:02:11.440 --> 0:02:14.800 that from one place, cause it to disappear from that place, 0:02:15.040 --> 0:02:17.600 and make it appear in another place. So this rules 0:02:17.639 --> 0:02:21.160 out from the beginning things that make a copy of 0:02:21.200 --> 0:02:24.480 a thing, but keep the original where it is. Unless 0:02:24.480 --> 0:02:26.240 you're talking about that one Star Trek the Next Generation 0:02:26.280 --> 0:02:31.519 episode where the transporter created a secondary riker, he said, 0:02:31.600 --> 0:02:34.080 and shares the normal way. I didn't make it. There's 0:02:34.200 --> 0:02:41.200 no such thing as a secondary riker. They're all number one. Nice. 0:02:41.320 --> 0:02:44.480 That was an excellent joke, you know, But in in 0:02:44.600 --> 0:02:47.480 ordinal number theory, you could maybe say that number one 0:02:47.560 --> 0:02:50.080 really is the second number, because of course the card 0:02:50.120 --> 0:02:52.400 is number zero. Well he's number one, and then there 0:02:52.440 --> 0:02:59.280 was number one prime. But of course, yes, teleportation taking 0:02:59.280 --> 0:03:02.240 a thing make it disappear from where it is, making 0:03:02.280 --> 0:03:05.880 it appear somewhere else. The old magician presto chango. Now 0:03:05.880 --> 0:03:07.519 I'm on the other side of the stage type deal. 0:03:07.800 --> 0:03:11.560 Is that even remotely possible via science? And that's the 0:03:11.639 --> 0:03:15.480 question we're going to imagine today. Now. I think the 0:03:15.520 --> 0:03:18.240 first thing we should do more before we get into 0:03:18.240 --> 0:03:22.120 anything else, is clear up what is actually meant by 0:03:22.120 --> 0:03:25.800 a phrase you've probably seen in science journalism before, and 0:03:25.840 --> 0:03:29.240 that phrase is quantum teleportation. Now, before we jump into this, 0:03:29.360 --> 0:03:32.400 the first thing I want to mention is that there's 0:03:32.560 --> 0:03:36.360 there are very few words out there that cause researchers 0:03:36.360 --> 0:03:40.320 and scientists familiar with material to shutter more than the 0:03:40.320 --> 0:03:44.320 word quantum when it appears in the mass media. Yeah, 0:03:44.360 --> 0:03:47.640 because quantum states are where in stuff does the weird 0:03:47.680 --> 0:03:50.440 stuff to begin with, And it's all on on sub 0:03:50.480 --> 0:03:54.640 atomic particle level, right, We're talking on the super tiny level. 0:03:55.160 --> 0:03:58.120 And the issue I see more often than not is 0:03:58.160 --> 0:04:01.560 people trying to extrapolate that behavior to the macro world, 0:04:02.080 --> 0:04:06.120 and that's not where quantum effects really come into play. Yeah, 0:04:06.120 --> 0:04:09.240 it is intrinsically stuff that we only see on this 0:04:09.360 --> 0:04:12.640 very tiny level. Yeah. So, uh, when we first start 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:16.360 talking about quantum teleportation, the word quantum should already put 0:04:16.440 --> 0:04:18.920 you aware that you know something is going to be 0:04:18.960 --> 0:04:21.760 different from from what we're used to in classical physics. Sure, 0:04:21.760 --> 0:04:24.640 but of course quantum teleportation is not something that you 0:04:24.680 --> 0:04:26.840 should be like, oh, that doesn't really happen. That this 0:04:26.960 --> 0:04:30.520 is referring to a real phenomenon that has been observed 0:04:30.560 --> 0:04:33.479 in the lab, it has been created. Yeah, and uh, 0:04:33.600 --> 0:04:36.520 this is also where we have to the second word 0:04:36.560 --> 0:04:40.160 in quantum teleportation causes a bit of a problem as well, right, 0:04:40.200 --> 0:04:43.440 because the way we established teleportation at the beginning of 0:04:43.440 --> 0:04:46.120 this show, we're talking we were talking about the transportation 0:04:46.240 --> 0:04:49.720 of matter, which is the sci fi concept of it, 0:04:49.800 --> 0:04:54.320 which doesn't actually have that much to do with quantum teleportation. No, 0:04:54.560 --> 0:04:59.719 because quantum teleportation is about information, not matter. It's it's 0:04:59.760 --> 0:05:03.840 a essentially it's a form of communication. What you are 0:05:03.920 --> 0:05:09.120 doing is you are transporting a quantum state from one 0:05:09.240 --> 0:05:12.760 point to another, but not necessarily the quantum particle. So 0:05:13.800 --> 0:05:18.080 let's use electrons as an example, because that's easy to imagine. 0:05:18.120 --> 0:05:20.960 Most of us have you know, at least a passing 0:05:21.000 --> 0:05:23.800 familiarity with one electron. Is that's the negatively charged sub 0:05:23.800 --> 0:05:27.880 atomic particle that you find in atoms. So electrons have 0:05:27.920 --> 0:05:31.280 a spin that you can describe as a direction, and 0:05:31.400 --> 0:05:35.080 let's say that the spin is down for this particular electron. 0:05:35.720 --> 0:05:38.479 What quantum teleportation would allow you to do is to 0:05:38.520 --> 0:05:41.159 take the quantum state of that electron. In this case, 0:05:41.160 --> 0:05:43.840 we're talking about the specific state of the spin. It 0:05:43.839 --> 0:05:46.320 would be able to take the spin, the downward spin, 0:05:46.720 --> 0:05:50.960 and transport the downward spin to a distant location, and 0:05:51.000 --> 0:05:54.560 then you can actually transfer the state of that electron 0:05:55.040 --> 0:05:59.200 to that location. So you're not moving the electron itself, 0:05:59.680 --> 0:06:02.599 your having a property of that electron to a different 0:06:02.600 --> 0:06:07.039 electron essentially, um, which is a different you know, a 0:06:07.080 --> 0:06:11.000 totally different concept than taking a cup and using a 0:06:11.040 --> 0:06:14.400 transporter to dematerialize the cup and re materialize in a 0:06:14.440 --> 0:06:19.039 different location. Just a random object that I decided to pick. 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:22.800 Why not a hatchet? We couldn't just as easily be 0:06:22.880 --> 0:06:25.480 a hatchet joke. Okay, let's say it's a hatchet sitting 0:06:25.480 --> 0:06:27.400 in a large cup. All right, So there's a hatchet 0:06:27.400 --> 0:06:30.520 and a cup. And if you were to use this 0:06:30.520 --> 0:06:34.560 this approach, it would not work on that level because 0:06:34.600 --> 0:06:37.720 you're not talking about quantum states. You're talking about physical objects. 0:06:37.760 --> 0:06:43.440 At that point. However, we have physically moved these states. Uh. 0:06:43.480 --> 0:06:45.320 In two thousand and fourteen, in fact, a team of 0:06:45.360 --> 0:06:49.880 researchers broke records when teleporting the quantum state of a 0:06:49.920 --> 0:06:55.159 photon fifteen and a half miles or kilometers away. Now, 0:06:56.000 --> 0:06:58.000 the other thing we have to keep in mind is 0:06:58.040 --> 0:07:02.240 that this teleportation doesn't mean that they magically made the 0:07:02.360 --> 0:07:08.120 quantum state of a particle jump instantaneously right fifteen and 0:07:08.120 --> 0:07:10.160 a half miles away. Did not happen like that. They 0:07:10.200 --> 0:07:13.960 actually used an optical cable to transmit the information of 0:07:14.000 --> 0:07:18.520 that quantum state across this distance, and then they were 0:07:18.560 --> 0:07:20.960 able to quote unquote teleport it. Now, some of you 0:07:21.040 --> 0:07:24.560 might think that's kind of cheating. Well, I mean what 0:07:24.720 --> 0:07:28.080 comes to my mind as a lay person is in 0:07:28.160 --> 0:07:33.280 what sense does the word teleportation convey useful information? Then? Well, 0:07:33.320 --> 0:07:35.280 and and it's the same thing like if you were 0:07:35.320 --> 0:07:39.760 to use a people write good headline. They they're talking 0:07:39.800 --> 0:07:44.480 about the movement of a quality of a subtype particle, 0:07:44.520 --> 0:07:47.040 but not the particle itself, so they needed a word 0:07:47.120 --> 0:07:50.760 for it, and teleportation was a cool word. Uh. They're 0:07:50.800 --> 0:07:54.200 also you know, this could be really useful when developing 0:07:54.240 --> 0:07:57.000 something like a quantum computer network, if you wanted to 0:07:57.000 --> 0:08:01.240 have quantum computers communicate across distances. That's why the record 0:08:01.280 --> 0:08:04.120 breaking was such a big deal, was because it was 0:08:04.760 --> 0:08:09.160 a proof of concept that you could actually transmit these uh, 0:08:09.200 --> 0:08:12.760 these quantum states that kind of distance. Now, of course, 0:08:13.720 --> 0:08:17.720 fifteen and a half miles on the solar scale, like 0:08:17.800 --> 0:08:21.520 the outer space scale is nothing at all. Right, it's 0:08:21.640 --> 0:08:24.200 not at all useful in any way to get your 0:08:24.200 --> 0:08:27.080 space ships real close to each other, right close enough 0:08:27.120 --> 0:08:29.600 where you know, you could probably flash lights and communicate 0:08:29.680 --> 0:08:33.160 through morse code. Uh. But yeah, this is the this 0:08:33.240 --> 0:08:37.240 is the the the limitations of where the science and 0:08:37.240 --> 0:08:40.280 technology are right now, and in fact, a lot of 0:08:40.400 --> 0:08:43.800 a lot of researchers believe that there are fundamental limits 0:08:44.000 --> 0:08:48.440 on how far apart we can put computer systems to 0:08:48.520 --> 0:08:51.560 communicate through on a quantum level. And it's not a 0:08:51.600 --> 0:08:56.320 whole lot further away than than what they've achieved so far. Uh. 0:08:56.400 --> 0:08:58.960 That being said, you know, there always could be some 0:08:59.040 --> 0:09:02.959 other discovery breakthrough that would allow us to extend this further. 0:09:03.080 --> 0:09:06.439 Maybe it's a different means of actually communicating the information, 0:09:06.679 --> 0:09:11.040 but we are still communicating information. It's again not magically 0:09:11.080 --> 0:09:14.959 disappearing in one spot and instantaneously appearing in another. Okay, 0:09:15.000 --> 0:09:18.920 so quantum teleportation, at least so far, has nothing to 0:09:18.960 --> 0:09:21.440 do with you being able to teleport your body from 0:09:21.520 --> 0:09:25.720 one place to another for a hatchet or Cuba or 0:09:25.760 --> 0:09:29.320 wrecker or record or record number two. I'm sorry number one, 0:09:29.600 --> 0:09:35.560 number one too. I'm so confused, number one. Let's discuss 0:09:35.600 --> 0:09:39.520 some hypotheses about how teleportation could work and some of 0:09:39.600 --> 0:09:42.640 the different branches of thinking that you could go down 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:45.520 when you're you're imagining this, and I think there's one 0:09:45.520 --> 0:09:48.160 big question we need to address right at the beginning, 0:09:48.160 --> 0:09:53.440 and that question is are your original atoms going somewhere 0:09:54.280 --> 0:09:58.960 or not. Well, that that sounds real messy. Yeah, I 0:09:59.000 --> 0:10:01.640 mean when when you think about that, wouldn't it, you know, 0:10:01.880 --> 0:10:06.640 be more energy conservative to just send yourself without breaking 0:10:06.720 --> 0:10:10.520 yourself down atomically? Well, then in that case, that's not 0:10:10.640 --> 0:10:14.520 very much teleportation, is it. So you're saying just putting 0:10:14.520 --> 0:10:17.079 your body in a thing and it somewhere. In fact, 0:10:17.120 --> 0:10:19.200 this is okay. So this this kind of reminded me, 0:10:19.280 --> 0:10:22.120 like the question like is that your original atoms? I 0:10:22.160 --> 0:10:24.840 was thinking like, well, this kind of teleportation only works 0:10:25.040 --> 0:10:27.520 in the sense if the world worked in on Willy 0:10:27.600 --> 0:10:31.360 Wonka logic where Mike TV gets broken down by the 0:10:31.400 --> 0:10:35.120 camera and is turned into millions of tiny pieces that 0:10:35.200 --> 0:10:37.680 fly across the air and then reassemble themselves on a 0:10:37.760 --> 0:10:43.000 television screen. In real life, I don't think that would 0:10:43.040 --> 0:10:46.600 be as as successful. Well, there's no I mean, there's 0:10:46.640 --> 0:10:50.800 no method of transporting the atoms, right, even if you 0:10:50.840 --> 0:10:55.320 were able to somehow breaking yeah, I know, right, Like, 0:10:55.320 --> 0:10:57.839 how would how would you get the atoms from point 0:10:57.840 --> 0:10:59.920 A to point be? Assuming that you could break the 0:11:00.000 --> 0:11:03.160 atoms down and reassemble them perfectly. On the other side, 0:11:03.400 --> 0:11:05.640 how do you get them from point A to point B. Well, 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:07.280 I think there are a couple of schools of thought 0:11:07.360 --> 0:11:11.240 here in the at least in the Star Trek writer's imagination. 0:11:12.080 --> 0:11:18.760 One is the transporter. Teleporter device dissolves your body, puts 0:11:18.760 --> 0:11:22.280 your atoms into some kind of I don't know what 0:11:22.320 --> 0:11:25.280 it does. It sends your atoms somewhere and then the 0:11:25.320 --> 0:11:29.520 atoms reassemble themselves into you in that place. So if 0:11:29.559 --> 0:11:34.520 you were somehow able to totally scan something, convert those 0:11:34.559 --> 0:11:37.800 atoms into energy, and then send the energy to a 0:11:37.880 --> 0:11:41.000 receiving station that could then take the energy and reincorporate 0:11:41.080 --> 0:11:44.840 it as physical atoms and then rebuild the thing you 0:11:44.920 --> 0:11:49.120 needed on an atomic level. Maybe that's how they would 0:11:49.160 --> 0:11:50.679 do it. Well, that was the other thing I was 0:11:50.720 --> 0:11:54.040 going to say, was that it converts your atoms into energy, because, 0:11:54.080 --> 0:11:57.400 as we know from relativity, matter is in a way 0:11:57.480 --> 0:12:00.720 just kind of frozen energy. Matter, energy is all the 0:12:00.800 --> 0:12:03.120 same stuff. Yeah, well, we'll get into a little bit 0:12:03.200 --> 0:12:06.400 later exactly how much energy a human body would represent 0:12:06.600 --> 0:12:10.559 on average. It's a lot, which is not a big 0:12:10.559 --> 0:12:15.800 surprise if you know how atomic bombs work. So uh now, otherwise, 0:12:15.920 --> 0:12:17.560 the only other thing we could think of is what 0:12:17.720 --> 0:12:20.560 Lauren was saying that you disassemble a body into its 0:12:20.559 --> 0:12:23.240 constituent atoms, and then I don't know, pour him into 0:12:23.280 --> 0:12:27.200 a container, than pack those containers onto a spaceship, perhaps 0:12:27.240 --> 0:12:29.920 to save space, and then when you get to your location, 0:12:30.040 --> 0:12:33.840 you just pour the goo out into a recompiler of 0:12:33.960 --> 0:12:36.200 some sort to rebuild all the stuff that it used 0:12:36.200 --> 0:12:39.960 to be. Doesn't seem that much more practical than just 0:12:40.080 --> 0:12:44.680 I don't know, climbing onto a spaceship and going someplace. Right, So, 0:12:45.000 --> 0:12:48.880 in order for it to be more teleportation in the 0:12:48.920 --> 0:12:51.400 way that we imagine it, it seems like the thing 0:12:51.480 --> 0:12:56.080 you'd have to do is dissolved the body, translate that 0:12:56.240 --> 0:13:01.920 material reality into information, transfer the information, and then use 0:13:02.000 --> 0:13:06.079 that information to rebuild the body at the destination, kind 0:13:06.120 --> 0:13:09.040 of atomically three D print from the ground up, right. 0:13:09.080 --> 0:13:11.760 That that's a perfect analogy. Yeah, So there, you don't 0:13:11.800 --> 0:13:14.679 have a model, you don't have the thing you're printing, 0:13:14.960 --> 0:13:17.760 you know, emailing back and forth between computers. You just 0:13:17.800 --> 0:13:23.040 have information that represents how to do it. Yeah. So, uh, there. 0:13:23.160 --> 0:13:25.240 There are arguments about whether or not this would be 0:13:25.280 --> 0:13:27.640 possible to make a copy of something, in which case 0:13:27.679 --> 0:13:31.320 you would have a replicator, right, it's essentially additive manufacturing 0:13:31.320 --> 0:13:34.880 at that point, or if you're actually using quantum teleprotation. 0:13:34.920 --> 0:13:38.199 The argument is that quantum teleprotation does not allow for 0:13:38.640 --> 0:13:42.480 the um the original item to remain intact. You have 0:13:42.600 --> 0:13:45.440 to break it down to scan all the information the 0:13:45.520 --> 0:13:49.600 quantum states that are involved in whatever that thing is. Uh. 0:13:49.880 --> 0:13:52.360 Specifically they've been you know, the experience that have been 0:13:52.360 --> 0:13:55.440 done have been on single sub atomic particles. Keep in 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:58.480 mind that any physical object would be made up of 0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:04.000 huge number of atoms, let alone sub atomic particles. Okay, 0:14:04.040 --> 0:14:06.880 so you're saying that this is where quantum teleportation might 0:14:06.880 --> 0:14:09.880 actually come into the picture of teleportation is in the 0:14:10.120 --> 0:14:13.840 scanning of the material makeup of your body. Yeah, this 0:14:13.920 --> 0:14:18.600 is like you have to project yourself forward decades and 0:14:18.640 --> 0:14:21.720 decades and decades where we'd have sophisticated equipment to be 0:14:21.720 --> 0:14:23.200 able to do this. But if we did have to 0:14:23.240 --> 0:14:28.480 project yourself decades forward into science fiction. Yeah, I say 0:14:28.520 --> 0:14:31.960 decades forward where we would have technology capable of doing this, 0:14:32.240 --> 0:14:34.480 But I say that as someone who doesn't believe that 0:14:34.480 --> 0:14:36.680 we're ever going to have technology capable of doing this. 0:14:37.360 --> 0:14:39.800 It's more like if we ever could, if we could 0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:43.000 this is this is likely what would happen based upon 0:14:43.040 --> 0:14:46.120 our understanding of quantum teleportation, which still has some pretty 0:14:46.120 --> 0:14:50.000 big limitations to it. So first, uh, you would break 0:14:50.040 --> 0:14:52.800 down the body and and scan that quantum state of 0:14:52.840 --> 0:14:56.360 all the particles, or at least most of them, to 0:14:56.640 --> 0:15:00.440 determine the information about that body. That's important because you 0:15:00.480 --> 0:15:05.480 need to have that information that's part of the teleportation process. Uh. Now, 0:15:05.480 --> 0:15:07.960 there's actually a way to do this on the quantum 0:15:08.040 --> 0:15:12.400 level without measuring everything, and it's actually kind of bizarre 0:15:12.560 --> 0:15:15.160 and interesting, and the reason why you need it is 0:15:15.240 --> 0:15:19.560 because of Heisenberg's uncertain d principle. Ah yeah, well, I mean, 0:15:20.000 --> 0:15:23.560 if I recall correctly, that's the principle that says you 0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:28.120 can't know everything about a sub atomic particle exactly. Usually 0:15:28.120 --> 0:15:31.880 we think of it in terms of complementary states. So, 0:15:32.000 --> 0:15:35.240 for example, you can know a lot about the momentum 0:15:35.280 --> 0:15:37.480 of a sub atomic particle or the position at a 0:15:37.560 --> 0:15:40.600 given time of a sub atomic particle, but not both, right, 0:15:40.680 --> 0:15:43.840 And as you increase your knowledge about one aspect of it, 0:15:43.920 --> 0:15:48.200 you destabilize the system so that your knowledge becomes less 0:15:48.200 --> 0:15:51.560 and less relevant. Yeah. Right, And Star Trek actually knew 0:15:51.560 --> 0:15:54.320 about this or well Star Trek, Yes, the giant unit 0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:56.400 known as Star Trek. The makers of Star Trek knew 0:15:56.400 --> 0:15:57.960 about this and kind of cheekily dealt with it in 0:15:58.000 --> 0:16:01.200 the show by including a little gidget in its transporter 0:16:01.280 --> 0:16:06.240 systems called the Heisenberg compensator. Yeah, which they just never explained. 0:16:06.440 --> 0:16:11.520 Maybe maybe the Heisenberg compensators just like no, I'm sure so, yeah, 0:16:11.560 --> 0:16:15.720 they totally totally just dismisses the uncertainty principle. I'm positive 0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:18.000 I know how this works, but but researchers have figured 0:16:18.040 --> 0:16:20.200 out how to deal with this on a quantum state 0:16:20.440 --> 0:16:24.080 in real life. Yeah, it's it's kind of crazy. They did, like, uh, 0:16:24.400 --> 0:16:28.840 they did a runner round, a workaround of Heisenberg's uncertainty principles. 0:16:28.840 --> 0:16:32.520 So this is sort of what quantum teleportation is, right, 0:16:32.760 --> 0:16:36.040 like the using the pr Yeah, this is this is 0:16:36.080 --> 0:16:40.160 exactly the way that that quantum tell reportation works on 0:16:40.160 --> 0:16:42.280 on a general scale. So I'm gonna be using kind 0:16:42.280 --> 0:16:44.680 of a high level way of explaining this because honestly, 0:16:44.960 --> 0:16:47.880 to get any further into it would require an understanding 0:16:47.880 --> 0:16:51.200 of quantum physics that I simply do not possess. That's 0:16:51.200 --> 0:16:53.560 when the cells and Jonathan's brain start dissolving all on 0:16:53.600 --> 0:16:56.200 their own. Yeah, just start, you know, my ears go 0:16:56.280 --> 0:16:59.880 all quantum at any rate. Here's how it works. You 0:17:00.360 --> 0:17:02.960 measure a quantum particle to a certain extent, but not 0:17:03.080 --> 0:17:05.600 so much that your measurements are going to mess things up. 0:17:05.640 --> 0:17:08.280 The idea that you know, by observing something, you affect 0:17:08.440 --> 0:17:11.879 that which is observed. That's unavoidable. But you if the 0:17:12.320 --> 0:17:14.280 you can get enough of an idea of a quantum 0:17:14.320 --> 0:17:16.800 state without going so far as to try and get 0:17:16.880 --> 0:17:21.640 every single bit of information about it, without completely ruining 0:17:21.800 --> 0:17:24.760 the whole process. So you've got a little bit of 0:17:24.840 --> 0:17:28.520 information about the quantum state of this particular particle. You 0:17:28.600 --> 0:17:31.800 then allow that quantum particle to interact with a second 0:17:31.880 --> 0:17:35.000 quantum particle. And for the purposes of this in order, 0:17:35.040 --> 0:17:36.880 instead of saying one and two and three, I thought 0:17:36.880 --> 0:17:38.600 it would make it easier and name each of the 0:17:38.680 --> 0:17:42.320 quantum particles. So quantum particle one is particle man. Quantum 0:17:42.320 --> 0:17:45.960 particle two is triangle man. Triangle man hates particle man, 0:17:46.520 --> 0:17:50.880 so uh. So particle man is uh is the one 0:17:50.920 --> 0:17:54.520 that you've partially observed, so you've got some information about 0:17:54.520 --> 0:18:00.159 its quantum quantum state. Triangle man has previously for the 0:18:00.280 --> 0:18:04.640 relationship with universe Man, says particle number three subatomic particle 0:18:04.760 --> 0:18:07.560 number three. So universe man and triangle man have become 0:18:07.840 --> 0:18:12.280 entangled quantum entanglement. That is where you have uh complementary 0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:16.320 but different um states of each of these subatomic particles, 0:18:16.320 --> 0:18:19.080 and as one changes, the other one changes to reflect it. Right, 0:18:19.119 --> 0:18:21.880 So in effect, if you know something about one of them, 0:18:21.920 --> 0:18:24.159 you know something about the other one, at least at 0:18:24.200 --> 0:18:27.000 that very moment. Yes, And it doesn't matter how far 0:18:27.040 --> 0:18:30.400 apart these subatomic particles are in space, if they are 0:18:30.400 --> 0:18:32.680 on the other opposite sides of the galaxy, it's still 0:18:32.680 --> 0:18:35.160 the same. So if we go with that electron spin 0:18:35.240 --> 0:18:37.119 that I was mentioning earlier, if one is spinning up, 0:18:37.119 --> 0:18:40.280 the other one spinning down, and it doesn't matter if 0:18:40.320 --> 0:18:42.440 they are next to each other or on the opposite 0:18:42.440 --> 0:18:45.800 side of the galaxy, that relationship remains the same until 0:18:45.840 --> 0:18:49.520 you disturb the system, all right, So triangle man and 0:18:49.640 --> 0:18:52.760 universe man are quantumly entangled. Triangle Man then goes on 0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:56.320 to encounter particle Man, the one that you measured. Now 0:18:56.480 --> 0:18:59.560 this changes particle man, but it also changes triangle man 0:18:59.640 --> 0:19:04.280 and extension changes universe Man because universe Man and triangle 0:19:04.320 --> 0:19:08.399 Man were entangled. You then send the information that you 0:19:08.880 --> 0:19:13.880 gleaned about particle Man to universe Man. Universe Man then 0:19:13.960 --> 0:19:18.720 becomes particle Man. So particle Man itself is no longer 0:19:18.720 --> 0:19:21.680 really particle man after it encounters triangle Man. That that 0:19:21.800 --> 0:19:25.680 encounter changes the very nature of particle Man. Universe Man 0:19:25.760 --> 0:19:30.080 now becomes the new particle Man. However, this process requires 0:19:30.119 --> 0:19:34.879 that you send that information across traditional communication channels so 0:19:34.920 --> 0:19:38.320 it can get to universe Man to complete that transformation 0:19:38.400 --> 0:19:43.240 into particle man. Yeah, they might be giants. Explains it 0:19:43.240 --> 0:19:45.760 better than I do, and and like in like a 0:19:45.800 --> 0:19:50.760 minute less to uh and that's with a repeated chorus. 0:19:50.800 --> 0:19:53.399 But uh, this is this is really interesting to me 0:19:53.440 --> 0:19:57.720 because the idea of using entanglement to create this interaction 0:19:58.080 --> 0:20:01.080 and then send information onto a third particle that was 0:20:01.280 --> 0:20:05.840 part of that entanglement and essentially transform it into the 0:20:05.880 --> 0:20:09.640 first particle you started with is bizarre. There's something very 0:20:09.720 --> 0:20:13.600 admirable about smart people trying to find loopholes in the 0:20:13.680 --> 0:20:16.280 laws of physics, the way that I don't know, you're 0:20:16.400 --> 0:20:19.520 you know, your sketchy accountant might find loopholes in the 0:20:19.560 --> 0:20:22.840 tax code, or gamers might find little cheats that they 0:20:22.840 --> 0:20:26.040 can they can enact in a video, right, right, it 0:20:26.200 --> 0:20:28.920 is really funny. And the of course, the amazing thing 0:20:29.000 --> 0:20:31.959 is it works, right like, this is not theory, This 0:20:32.000 --> 0:20:35.640 isn't a hypothesis. This actually does work um and it 0:20:35.680 --> 0:20:39.399 works on that sub atomic quantum level. It's it is 0:20:39.880 --> 0:20:43.000 really kind of strange. It also, like I said, relies 0:20:43.040 --> 0:20:47.399 on traditional communication. You can't instantaneously have this happen. That 0:20:47.560 --> 0:20:50.200 scanning that you do at the beginning of the first 0:20:50.320 --> 0:20:53.919 quantum particle, that is that is a fundamental part of 0:20:53.960 --> 0:20:56.560 this process. And then you have to you know, scanning 0:20:56.600 --> 0:21:00.240 isn't enough. You have to send that information on. So again, 0:21:00.280 --> 0:21:03.280 without the optical cable or some other means of transmission, 0:21:03.960 --> 0:21:07.160 you could not actually make this transformation happen. Universe man 0:21:07.200 --> 0:21:09.880 would just be different universe man, it wouldn't be particle man. 0:21:10.119 --> 0:21:14.720 But this in theory is how we could know what's 0:21:14.760 --> 0:21:17.600 going on in every single particle in your body if 0:21:17.640 --> 0:21:20.840 we needed to, If if you had a sufficient way 0:21:20.880 --> 0:21:24.120 of breaking everything down and observing just enough the quantum 0:21:24.160 --> 0:21:27.800 state of all the particles, then maybe like even then 0:21:27.800 --> 0:21:31.399 it's a maybe. But the important thing to note is 0:21:31.480 --> 0:21:36.359 that scientists have said there's nothing fundamentally against the laws 0:21:36.359 --> 0:21:39.760 of physics for this to not work on the macro level. 0:21:40.280 --> 0:21:42.600 In other words, there's nothing that we know that says 0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:46.440 it's impossible to do this beyond the quantum level. It 0:21:46.560 --> 0:21:50.040 may still be impossible to do beyond the quantum level, 0:21:50.080 --> 0:21:53.560 but there's nothing we know right now that specifically states that, 0:21:53.960 --> 0:21:58.000 and we haven't tried it yet. So yeah, hey, Bob, 0:21:58.040 --> 0:21:59.720 I got something I want you to give a go. 0:22:00.240 --> 0:22:03.120 You know, let's hop into this pot here. Don't worry 0:22:03.119 --> 0:22:05.359 about the fly um. I mean, it's kind of like 0:22:05.400 --> 0:22:07.720 saying that there's nothing in the laws of physics that 0:22:07.760 --> 0:22:12.000 says you can't make a factory in space that builds stars. Yeah, 0:22:12.040 --> 0:22:15.000 I mean, it's not against the laws of physics. But 0:22:15.600 --> 0:22:19.800 could we really imagine doing that? Could it ever be 0:22:19.800 --> 0:22:23.080 be practical at all? Or even plausible? Like it, It 0:22:23.119 --> 0:22:26.560 may be possible, but not plausible. Right. So the other 0:22:26.600 --> 0:22:29.000 big downside of this, besides the fact that you're still 0:22:29.000 --> 0:22:31.679 relying on at least some means of traditional communication to 0:22:31.720 --> 0:22:35.400 get information to its destination, is that you have to 0:22:35.480 --> 0:22:38.840 destroy the original thing and we'll get to that in 0:22:38.880 --> 0:22:41.879 a bit. Yeah, that's a big downside in general for 0:22:41.920 --> 0:22:44.399 a lot of these telebritation ideas. Well, it's not that 0:22:44.440 --> 0:22:48.600 bad if if you're using a hatchet hatchet cup, Yeah, 0:22:48.640 --> 0:22:52.320 I mean, unless you're very unless unless it's a mystical hatchet. Well, 0:22:52.359 --> 0:22:54.480 we may get into a ship of THESEUS kind of 0:22:54.520 --> 0:22:58.199 problem with this hatchet. So I think we should start 0:22:58.240 --> 0:23:01.360 with a few definite limb stations that are coming up 0:23:01.359 --> 0:23:09.440 whenever we're talking about about any potential teleportation system. And yeah, yeah, 0:23:09.480 --> 0:23:11.760 one of them is going to be speed of travel. 0:23:12.080 --> 0:23:15.520 Right now in Star Trek, it's instantaneous. It doesn't matter 0:23:15.560 --> 0:23:20.119 how far away the enterprise is from a planet's surface. 0:23:20.640 --> 0:23:23.560 That as long as they're within teleportation range, which is 0:23:23.680 --> 0:23:26.840 vaguely defined for the purposes of plot, you can totally 0:23:27.080 --> 0:23:29.000 beam them up and beam them down and it takes 0:23:29.040 --> 0:23:31.399