WEBVTT - TechStuff Tidbits: What's the difference between Intel and AMD CPUs?

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to tech Stuff, a production from iHeartRadio. Hey there,

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<v Speaker 1>and welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host, Jonathan Strickland.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm an executive producer with iHeartRadio and how the tech

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<v Speaker 1>are you? So? In an episode last week, I talked

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<v Speaker 1>about CPU architecture and I mentioned that there are two

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<v Speaker 1>primary chip design companies responsible for most of the CPUs

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<v Speaker 1>on the market, and by that I mean specifically processors

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<v Speaker 1>for desktop and laptop computers. Now that being said, there

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<v Speaker 1>are some smaller chip design companies that are in that

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<v Speaker 1>space as well, but the two big players are Intel

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<v Speaker 1>and AMD. So I thought I would do a quick

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<v Speaker 1>episode about the differences between these two companies and their products,

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<v Speaker 1>because if you're ever building your own PC, then one

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<v Speaker 1>of the decisions you need to make is do I

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<v Speaker 1>go AMD or do I go Intel? And just a

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<v Speaker 1>reminder that means that you know, this decision really does

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<v Speaker 1>matter because motherboards, you know, the giant circuit boards that

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<v Speaker 1>you plug processors into, they're only compatible with one of

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<v Speaker 1>the two, like they're either Intel compatible or AMD compatible.

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<v Speaker 1>And even then you also have to look for compatibility

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<v Speaker 1>within certain families of processors. But you can't buy an

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<v Speaker 1>Intel based motherboard and insert an AMD CPU and vice versa,

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<v Speaker 1>and we'll talk about why as this episode unfolds. So interestingly,

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<v Speaker 1>the companies are kind of siblings, that is, they both

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<v Speaker 1>have the same daddy daddy fair Child Semiconductor. And yes,

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<v Speaker 1>if you're wondering if I wrote this episode right after

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<v Speaker 1>my weird episode about logic gates earlier this week, I did.

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<v Speaker 1>And I was still groggy and loopy still am as

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<v Speaker 1>I record this, And that's just how things are. So anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>fair Child semi Conductor was kind of the dad to

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<v Speaker 1>both AMD and Intel, and I guess that makes William

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<v Speaker 1>Shockley the grandfather for both of these companies as well.

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<v Speaker 1>Shockley was a co founder of the transistor at Bell Labs,

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<v Speaker 1>and in nineteen fifty five he founded the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory,

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<v Speaker 1>and he recruited lots of super smart engineering students and engineers,

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<v Speaker 1>and he was also notoriously awful to work for, if

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<v Speaker 1>reports are to be believed, so that led to an

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<v Speaker 1>interesting situation. In nineteen fifty seven, eight of the employees

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<v Speaker 1>of Shockley Semiconductor resigned altogether, and it was these eight

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<v Speaker 1>that would then co found Fairchild Semiconductor. This was a

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<v Speaker 1>branch of a larger camera company that already existed, the

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<v Speaker 1>Fairchild Camera Company, And this company had been looking into

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<v Speaker 1>getting involved in the semiconductor biz, but they didn't have

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<v Speaker 1>the know how or the starting capital to just jump

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<v Speaker 1>right in. So these guys ended up coming over and

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<v Speaker 1>created that division for Fairchild and work there. These eight

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<v Speaker 1>men became known as the Traitoress eight. Though, considering the

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<v Speaker 1>types of stuff that Shockley was interested in later in

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<v Speaker 1>his life, perhaps the word trader should be changed to

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<v Speaker 1>eight guys who saw what was coming and got while

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<v Speaker 1>the getting was good. Among those eight were two men

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<v Speaker 1>who wo had later co found Intel. They were Gordon

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<v Speaker 1>Moore and Robert Noise. But between Shockley semi Conductors and Intel,

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<v Speaker 1>you still have Fairchild semi Conductor, right, So they're all

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<v Speaker 1>working at Fairchild. And in nineteen sixty one a guy

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<v Speaker 1>named Jeremiah Jerry Sanders would join Fairchild semi Conductor as

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<v Speaker 1>an engineer. He would later go on to co found AMD.

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<v Speaker 1>So anyway, before that, at Fairchild semi Conductor, things are

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<v Speaker 1>plugging away till you hit nineteen sixty eight. That's when

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<v Speaker 1>Robert Nois and Gordon Moore resigned from Fairchild and they

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<v Speaker 1>go to co found Intel. Sanders would then leave Fairchild

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<v Speaker 1>along with seven others, So I guess another Traders say,

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<v Speaker 1>if you want to think of it that way, in

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen six and they co founded Advanced micro Devices Incorporated

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<v Speaker 1>or AMD. Early on, Intel focused on designing memory chips,

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<v Speaker 1>not CPUs, which shouldn't be a surprise because the CPU

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<v Speaker 1>hadn't been invented yet. We did not get the first

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<v Speaker 1>CPU until nineteen seventy one, and remember Intel traces its

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<v Speaker 1>history to nineteen sixty eight. The CPU actually came out

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<v Speaker 1>of Intel. It was the Intel for zero zero four. Interestingly,

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<v Speaker 1>this was a side project at Intel, because Intel's main

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<v Speaker 1>business were these memory chips. But as a side project,

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<v Speaker 1>some engineers were able to build an integrated circuit chip

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<v Speaker 1>that had all the functions that we associate with CPUs,

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<v Speaker 1>and so before that, all the different functions of a

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<v Speaker 1>CPU would have to span across different components on a

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<v Speaker 1>circuit board. Now you could have them all in the

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<v Speaker 1>same chip, and that was huge, although also paradoxically very

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<v Speaker 1>tiny because chips are not big anyway. It would take

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<v Speaker 1>a couple of years for microprocessors to really take off,

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<v Speaker 1>but they sure as heck did. AMD likewise designed and

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<v Speaker 1>fabricated memory chips, and once Intel got going with CPUs

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<v Speaker 1>and other companies started to follow suit, AMD got a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of business as a second source manufacturer. So a

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<v Speaker 1>second source manufacturer is a company that secures a license

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<v Speaker 1>to manufacture some other companies designed product. So Nvidia does

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<v Speaker 1>this model a lot and outsources manufacturing of its chips,

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<v Speaker 1>and that makes sense because to manufacture chips that requires

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<v Speaker 1>a huge initial cost to build out the fabrication facilities,

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<v Speaker 1>so companies like Nvidia license that out to other companies.

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<v Speaker 1>AMD would produce chips designed by other companies, including Intel,

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<v Speaker 1>but the cooperative relationship between AMD and Intel was not

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<v Speaker 1>to last. The second source manufacturing agreement expired in nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>eighty six. There was an agreement to share technologies that

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<v Speaker 1>was a little more lenient and lasted a bit longer,

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<v Speaker 1>but Intel an AMD would kind of go their own way,

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<v Speaker 1>well kind of, because AMD started to reverse engineer Intel

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<v Speaker 1>chips and then make their own Intel compatible chips, so

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<v Speaker 1>they weren't licensed by Intel anymore. But they figured out

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<v Speaker 1>how Intel's processors were designed and then were able to

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<v Speaker 1>replicate that in their own facilities. Now, Intel created what

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<v Speaker 1>would become known as the X eighty six chip architecture.

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<v Speaker 1>The first processor in this family was the eighty eighty six,

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<v Speaker 1>which Intel produced in nineteen seventy eight. This was a

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<v Speaker 1>sixteen BET microprocessor. I just did an episode trying to

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<v Speaker 1>explain what that means when you talk about a system

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<v Speaker 1>being like sixteen BET versus thirty two BET, et cetera.

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<v Speaker 1>And we did talk about chip architecture last week. So

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<v Speaker 1>essentially that just involves the layout of the various components

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<v Speaker 1>in a CPU, and that layout is partly what determines

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<v Speaker 1>the chip's performance. Uh, you know, how much data it

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<v Speaker 1>can process in a given amount of time, how much

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<v Speaker 1>power is required to run the chip, and how much

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<v Speaker 1>heat the chip generates as it chugs along. All of

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<v Speaker 1>that depend at least partly on the chip's architecture. The

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<v Speaker 1>X eighty six architecture proved to be a very strong

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<v Speaker 1>foundation for Intel. If you've been around for a while,

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<v Speaker 1>you might remember IBM compatible computers back when we used

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<v Speaker 1>to call you know, PC's IBM compatibles because they were

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<v Speaker 1>based off IBM's initial PC design. But you might remember

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<v Speaker 1>processors like the two eighty six or the three eighty

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<v Speaker 1>six or the four eighty six. I believe when I

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<v Speaker 1>was growing up, we had a two eighty six and

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<v Speaker 1>then jumped up to a for eighty six, not immediately,

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<v Speaker 1>like we let that two eighty six last a good

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<v Speaker 1>long while before we upgraded. But yeah, I remember using

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<v Speaker 1>those computers. So the X in X eighty six is

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<v Speaker 1>kind of like a variable in algebra, represents a family

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<v Speaker 1>of processors that all draw from the same basic chip

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<v Speaker 1>architecture design. AMD reverse engineered the x eighty six architecture

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<v Speaker 1>and began to produce its own chips that were similar

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<v Speaker 1>to Intel's thirty two bit three eighty six processor, extremely similar,

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<v Speaker 1>in fact, similar enough that Intel and AMD got into

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<v Speaker 1>some legal scraps over this. The matter ultimately went all

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<v Speaker 1>the way up to the US Supreme Court, and in

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety four, the Supreme Court would weigh in. But yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>before that, the legal decisions were flip flopping. Some of

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<v Speaker 1>the courts were finding in favor of Intel, some in

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<v Speaker 1>favor of AMD that got reversed by an appeals court.

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<v Speaker 1>Eventually gets up to the Supreme Court and the Supreme

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<v Speaker 1>Court votes in favor of AMD. Also, that wasn't the

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<v Speaker 1>last time the two companies would clash in the Supreme Court,

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<v Speaker 1>but that for a full episode focusing just on AMD.

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<v Speaker 1>I guess now, for a long time, Intel's chips had

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<v Speaker 1>a performance edge over AMD, so AMD was really focused

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<v Speaker 1>on making chips that were more efficient, so they were

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<v Speaker 1>less power hungry. They were also more affordable, not just

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<v Speaker 1>in the price tag on the chip, but also because

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<v Speaker 1>they were sipping less power, you didn't have to spin

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<v Speaker 1>as much on electricity bills. And both Intel and AMD

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<v Speaker 1>were relying on this X eighty six architecture. However, in

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety nine, AMD did something really shocking. They introduced

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<v Speaker 1>the first X eighty six processor with a one gigahertz

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<v Speaker 1>clock speed. Now I've been over clock speed a couple

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<v Speaker 1>times recently, but just as a reminder, the speed references

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<v Speaker 1>the number of times the quote unquote clock of the

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<v Speaker 1>CPU oscillates per second. So a gigahertz processor has a

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<v Speaker 1>clock that oscillates one billion times every second. And AMD

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<v Speaker 1>was the first company to get there. And you could

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<v Speaker 1>think of oscillations as being sort of the span of

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<v Speaker 1>time that a computer has to complete a step in

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<v Speaker 1>an operation. While AMD was only a year younger than Intel,

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<v Speaker 1>It was this move in nineteen ninety nine that really

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<v Speaker 1>signaled that AMD was a worthy competitor to the industry giant.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, it had been kind of trailing behind and

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<v Speaker 1>writing Intel's coattails, if you want to look at it

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<v Speaker 1>that way. But ninety nine showed that AMD was here

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<v Speaker 1>for real z's it meant business. Internally, AMD called this

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<v Speaker 1>microprocessor the K seven because it was the seventh generation

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<v Speaker 1>X eighty six based CPU that AMD had produced, but

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<v Speaker 1>the brand name for the CPU was the Athlon processor,

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<v Speaker 1>and the Athlon would end up marking a divided path

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<v Speaker 1>for AMD and Intel. I'll explain how after we come

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<v Speaker 1>back from this quick break. All right, we were talking

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<v Speaker 1>about a divided path between AMD and Intel. So Intel

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<v Speaker 1>processors had an electrical as well as physical orientation for

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<v Speaker 1>plugging into a motherboard, and at the time of the

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<v Speaker 1>Athlon processor from AMD, Intel's specifications were called slot one.

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<v Speaker 1>AMD no longer had the right to license Slot one technology,

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<v Speaker 1>so that meant AMD had to choose a different specification

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<v Speaker 1>for its chip to plug into a motherboard. This specification

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<v Speaker 1>would be called slot A. So very confusing, right slot

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<v Speaker 1>one versus Slot A. You get the feeling that both

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<v Speaker 1>companies were going for this so that no one had

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<v Speaker 1>to be number two or B. So anyway, you had

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<v Speaker 1>slot one for Intel and Slot A for AMD, and

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<v Speaker 1>the word slot is starting to lose all meaning for me. Mechanically,

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<v Speaker 1>an AMD processor could fit into a motherboard that was

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<v Speaker 1>made for Intel processors, and this was good from motherboard

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<v Speaker 1>manufacturers reduced the hardship they would have to make motherboards

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<v Speaker 1>that were compatible with each chip because the mechanical parts

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<v Speaker 1>of the board could remain the same. However, electronically the

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<v Speaker 1>two slots were incompatible, so the contacts on the chip

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<v Speaker 1>in Slot one chips were different from those that were

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<v Speaker 1>in Slot A, so you could not put a slot

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<v Speaker 1>A style chip in a slot one style motherboard. That

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<v Speaker 1>would not work. And this would hold true over successive

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<v Speaker 1>generations of Intel and AMD chips. The chips would evolve,

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<v Speaker 1>as did the types of connections on motherboards. They got

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<v Speaker 1>away from slots and into sockets. But anyway, the whole

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<v Speaker 1>thing got started at this stage where the Athlon processor

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<v Speaker 1>kind of went off on this next step because previously

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<v Speaker 1>you could put an AMD chip in an Intel motherboard

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<v Speaker 1>because the AMD had been making Intel style chips. They

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<v Speaker 1>were a second source manufacturer. But this time was now over.

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<v Speaker 1>Both companies would evolve their technologies and the fork in

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<v Speaker 1>the road would get wider over time. Generally speaking, there

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<v Speaker 1>were some basic pros and cons that you could associate

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<v Speaker 1>with the chips that the companies made over different eras

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<v Speaker 1>of their existence. So initially, Intel chips were more powerful

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<v Speaker 1>and had higher clock speeds than what you would find

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<v Speaker 1>with AMD chips, and then early on AMD chips were

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<v Speaker 1>usually a little less expensive than Intel chips, and they

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<v Speaker 1>were more power efficient, so they were also gentler on

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<v Speaker 1>battery life, which was important for things like laptop computers,

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<v Speaker 1>rather than Intel's processors, which, because they were more powerful,

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<v Speaker 1>required more actual power and would drain batteries more quickly.

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<v Speaker 1>Over time, these things have kind of flip flopped a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit. One company would end up focusing on power

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<v Speaker 1>for a bit, the other one would start to optimize

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<v Speaker 1>architecture and boost efficiency, and then the roles would reverse.

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<v Speaker 1>So you can't just make a blanket statement of saying

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<v Speaker 1>Intel processors are faster than AMD. It's more complicated than that.

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<v Speaker 1>In addition, Intel's domination for a very long time was

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<v Speaker 1>in single thread processing, so that's the kind of processing

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<v Speaker 1>that a really powerful single core processor is made to handle,

0:14:18.640 --> 0:14:22.360
<v Speaker 1>and AMD was focusing for a long time on multicore

0:14:22.600 --> 0:14:27.280
<v Speaker 1>and thus multi threading processing, and for specific types of

0:14:27.280 --> 0:14:32.080
<v Speaker 1>computer processing, AMD could outperform Intel, but in other types

0:14:32.120 --> 0:14:36.120
<v Speaker 1>of processing, Intel beat out AMD. And again, these relationships

0:14:36.120 --> 0:14:39.960
<v Speaker 1>have also flip flopped over the years. Honestly, as both

0:14:40.000 --> 0:14:44.200
<v Speaker 1>companies pushed innovation, the capabilities of their products began to converge.

0:14:44.720 --> 0:14:49.120
<v Speaker 1>So they are different chips with different architectures, and they

0:14:49.200 --> 0:14:54.880
<v Speaker 1>require different types of motherboards to connect to, but performance

0:14:54.960 --> 0:14:58.280
<v Speaker 1>wise they're kind of narrowed in on each other. There's

0:14:58.440 --> 0:15:01.640
<v Speaker 1>not that huge of a different between Intel and AMD

0:15:01.800 --> 0:15:06.360
<v Speaker 1>depending upon which line of processors you're looking at. If

0:15:06.400 --> 0:15:08.920
<v Speaker 1>you're looking at the very top of the line processors,

0:15:09.000 --> 0:15:11.800
<v Speaker 1>then Intel has edged out AMD over the number of

0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:14.960
<v Speaker 1>cores available, but then AMD holds the edge on more

0:15:15.000 --> 0:15:20.360
<v Speaker 1>powerful individual cores. So Intel the Intel Core I nine

0:15:20.520 --> 0:15:24.400
<v Speaker 1>thirteen nine hundred K, that processor, which is as a

0:15:24.400 --> 0:15:28.080
<v Speaker 1>heck of a mouthful, has twenty four cores and has

0:15:28.120 --> 0:15:31.600
<v Speaker 1>support of up to thirty two threads and multi threading.

0:15:32.200 --> 0:15:36.440
<v Speaker 1>AMD's Rizin seventy nine point fifty X has quote unquote

0:15:36.480 --> 0:15:40.120
<v Speaker 1>only sixteen cores compared to Intel's twenty four with the

0:15:40.120 --> 0:15:44.240
<v Speaker 1>I nine thirteen nine hundred K. But AMD's sixteen cores

0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:48.800
<v Speaker 1>can also handle thirty two threads of processing just like

0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:53.880
<v Speaker 1>Intel's can, and AMD's chip runs at a higher clock

0:15:53.920 --> 0:15:59.440
<v Speaker 1>frequency and greater cash memory than Intel's. So again, depending

0:15:59.520 --> 0:16:04.200
<v Speaker 1>upon what your purpose you're using the chips for and

0:16:04.560 --> 0:16:07.560
<v Speaker 1>what deals are available, that might really guide your decision

0:16:07.600 --> 0:16:10.400
<v Speaker 1>more than anything else. So it's possible that the choice

0:16:10.400 --> 0:16:13.200
<v Speaker 1>between Intel and AMD could really come down to your

0:16:13.240 --> 0:16:19.120
<v Speaker 1>budget and the availability of specific processors and motherboards. So remember,

0:16:19.640 --> 0:16:24.400
<v Speaker 1>choosing the processor determines what types of motherboards you can use,

0:16:25.040 --> 0:16:27.480
<v Speaker 1>and if you go with an AMD chip, then you're

0:16:27.480 --> 0:16:29.320
<v Speaker 1>going to need to make sure you get a motherboard

0:16:29.320 --> 0:16:34.040
<v Speaker 1>that's compatible with AMD CPUs. It also will tell you

0:16:34.120 --> 0:16:36.320
<v Speaker 1>things like what you need to think about when you're

0:16:36.360 --> 0:16:39.880
<v Speaker 1>looking at things like like power supplies. Obviously, this chip

0:16:39.960 --> 0:16:41.720
<v Speaker 1>is not going to be the only component you're plugging

0:16:41.720 --> 0:16:44.680
<v Speaker 1>into your computer. You're going to have lots of other stuff,

0:16:44.720 --> 0:16:48.160
<v Speaker 1>including possibly a really powerful graphics processing unit if you're,

0:16:48.320 --> 0:16:51.320
<v Speaker 1>like you know, an elite gamer type, and that in

0:16:51.360 --> 0:16:55.240
<v Speaker 1>turn will also determine the type of power supply you're

0:16:55.280 --> 0:16:59.160
<v Speaker 1>going to need. In order to run your machine. So, yeah,

0:16:59.280 --> 0:17:01.480
<v Speaker 1>the difference is between a MD and Intel from a

0:17:01.560 --> 0:17:06.159
<v Speaker 1>performance standpoint really are hard to distinguish at this stage,

0:17:06.240 --> 0:17:10.840
<v Speaker 1>especially when you're looking at, you know, specific price points

0:17:10.920 --> 0:17:18.240
<v Speaker 1>and processor capabilities, because they're they're getting really similar in output,

0:17:19.000 --> 0:17:21.840
<v Speaker 1>and it really comes down to things like your budget

0:17:22.520 --> 0:17:25.720
<v Speaker 1>and the types of software you're planning on running on

0:17:25.760 --> 0:17:29.439
<v Speaker 1>that machine. But that's really it. It's like it's not

0:17:29.560 --> 0:17:31.320
<v Speaker 1>as it's not as cut and dry as it used

0:17:31.320 --> 0:17:33.800
<v Speaker 1>to be, where you would say, oh, if you're doing

0:17:33.800 --> 0:17:35.639
<v Speaker 1>a lot of stuff that's going to require a multi

0:17:35.640 --> 0:17:37.879
<v Speaker 1>core processing, go with a m D. And if you

0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:39.919
<v Speaker 1>want something that's really good for single thread and go

0:17:39.960 --> 0:17:44.240
<v Speaker 1>with Intel. That's no longer necessarily the case. So it's

0:17:44.280 --> 0:17:48.080
<v Speaker 1>a lot more complicated and nuanced than it used to be.

0:17:48.920 --> 0:17:51.840
<v Speaker 1>Although if you're just looking at how much does it cost,

0:17:52.000 --> 0:17:56.879
<v Speaker 1>that can simplify things dramatically. All Right, that's it for

0:17:56.960 --> 0:18:00.880
<v Speaker 1>this quick episode about the differences between TELL at AMD

0:18:01.520 --> 0:18:04.200
<v Speaker 1>from a CPU standpoint. There are obviously lots of other

0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:07.119
<v Speaker 1>differences between the two companies, but I just wanted to

0:18:07.160 --> 0:18:10.159
<v Speaker 1>focus on CPUs because that's kind of what we've been

0:18:10.160 --> 0:18:12.400
<v Speaker 1>talking about for the last couple of weeks. I hope

0:18:12.440 --> 0:18:15.160
<v Speaker 1>you are all well. Tomorrow we are going to have

0:18:15.359 --> 0:18:18.160
<v Speaker 1>a classic episode of tech Stuff, a really classic one.

0:18:18.880 --> 0:18:20.639
<v Speaker 1>This one dates all the way back to two thousand

0:18:20.680 --> 0:18:23.840
<v Speaker 1>and nine, so I hope you enjoy that, and I'll

0:18:23.880 --> 0:18:33.440
<v Speaker 1>talk to you again really soon. Tech Stuff is an

0:18:33.440 --> 0:18:39.000
<v Speaker 1>iHeartRadio production. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

0:18:39.119 --> 0:18:45.840
<v Speaker 1>Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.