1 00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:05,680 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. This week on the show, I talked to 2 00:00:05,760 --> 00:00:09,240 Speaker 1: Jeremy Katz about his new book, The Jewish Community of Atlanta, 3 00:00:09,360 --> 00:00:11,000 Speaker 1: as well as the work that he does at the 4 00:00:11,039 --> 00:00:15,400 Speaker 1: Bremen Museum and how that museum is preserving past present 5 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:17,640 Speaker 1: and what they hope will be future of the Jewish 6 00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:20,840 Speaker 1: community in Atlanta for everyone. And in our discussion, we 7 00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:23,800 Speaker 1: also talked about our previous episode on the Hebrew Benevolent 8 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 1: Temple bombing, and we're replaying that as a Saturday Classic today. 9 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:35,920 Speaker 1: This episode originally came out February Welcome to Stuff You 10 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: Missed in History Class, a production of I Heart Radio. Hello, 11 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly Fry and I'm 12 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: Tracy B. Wilson, and uh for our listeners. Like I know, 13 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:56,520 Speaker 1: sometimes when I'm listening to podcasts, I'm just letting them 14 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: flow and I don't always look at what's coming next, 15 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: like when I'm driving around. But if you are a 16 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:04,200 Speaker 1: person that looks at your podcast selection and you pick 17 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: one or you just see it come up and you 18 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:08,400 Speaker 1: like to read what's coming up, if you saw the 19 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:10,720 Speaker 1: title for today's episode, you might be braced for a 20 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 1: really horrific or upsetting story. I, in fact, was braced 21 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:15,560 Speaker 1: for such a thing when you told me what you 22 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:21,040 Speaker 1: were researching this week. Uh. I give you relief because 23 00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:24,360 Speaker 1: the bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation temple in Atlanta 24 00:01:24,440 --> 00:01:26,920 Speaker 1: in the late nineteen fifties was a unique moment in 25 00:01:26,959 --> 00:01:30,080 Speaker 1: the civil rights movement. And while there are some elements 26 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: of the temple's free bombing history and some UH ideologies 27 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 1: that are troubling and horrific, I will give you a 28 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:44,119 Speaker 1: spoiler and say that overall, this is really a very 29 00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:47,560 Speaker 1: very hopeful story. Yeah, there is. There is definitely a bombing. 30 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:53,280 Speaker 1: There is also racism and anti semitism, But the story 31 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 1: is not the parade of tragedy you may be expecting 32 00:01:56,360 --> 00:02:00,360 Speaker 1: based on title. Correct. So it may if you were 33 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:02,520 Speaker 1: worried or scared that this is when you just were 34 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:06,720 Speaker 1: not ready for today. Uh, it is probably not going 35 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:09,040 Speaker 1: to be as upsetting as you think, although of course 36 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:12,600 Speaker 1: there is some upsetting rhetoric being discussed on the part 37 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:15,920 Speaker 1: of people that would bomb a thing. UH. So we're 38 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: going to hop right into it. While Atlanta has had 39 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: a Jewish population since the city was founded, at the 40 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:25,800 Speaker 1: end of eighteen forty seven, Jews were really a small 41 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:29,680 Speaker 1: minority of the city's people. In eighteen fifty, fewer than 42 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: thirty Jews were recorded living in Atlanta, less than one 43 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:36,360 Speaker 1: percent of the city's residents, and by eighteen sixty, the 44 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:39,640 Speaker 1: year before the United States Civil War began, the Jewish 45 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:44,520 Speaker 1: population in the city had doubled. Atlanta's Hebrew Benevolent Society 46 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: was also founded. That organization came together with two primary missions, 47 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:55,200 Speaker 1: assisting the city's impoverished Jewish population and securing a burial ground. 48 00:02:55,720 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: Two years after the Civil War ended, while Atlanta was 49 00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:03,200 Speaker 1: still rebuilding as a city, the Hebrew Benevolent Society took 50 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:06,800 Speaker 1: its next step establishing a temple. And this move was 51 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:10,720 Speaker 1: precipitated by the words of the Rabbi Isaac Liser of Philadelphia, 52 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:13,800 Speaker 1: who was here presiding over a wedding that was the 53 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: first Jewish marriage ceremony in Atlanta in January of eighteen 54 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: sixty seven, and Rabbi Liser told the Southern Cities Jewish 55 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:24,600 Speaker 1: community that they should establish a permanent place of worship, 56 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:29,000 Speaker 1: and his words were definitely heard and they were encouraging. 57 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:34,239 Speaker 1: When the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation was founded in eighteen sixty seven, 58 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:38,240 Speaker 1: it was the first official Jewish institution in Atlanta by 59 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:41,080 Speaker 1: the late spring of that year, just four months after 60 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:45,120 Speaker 1: Rabbi Liser's encouragement, they had their charter. Over the next 61 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: eight years, the congregation planned and built a temple in 62 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:52,440 Speaker 1: downtown Atlanta, which was completed in eighteen seventy five. The 63 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: early years for the temple, which is the name it 64 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:57,560 Speaker 1: came to be known by that shortened version, We're a 65 00:03:57,560 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: little bit rocky. There was a series of change overs 66 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:03,840 Speaker 1: in rabbis as the congregation struggled with its identity and 67 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 1: the type of worship that it would favor, swaying between 68 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:12,520 Speaker 1: traditional and reform ideologies. But in three year old Rabbi 69 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:14,920 Speaker 1: David Marx was hired and he would stay at the 70 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:18,000 Speaker 1: temple for more than half a century, steering it toward 71 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:22,839 Speaker 1: classical reform Judaism. When Rabbi Marx retired after World War Two, 72 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:26,599 Speaker 1: he was replaced with Rabbi Jacob roth's Child in nine six. 73 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:31,000 Speaker 1: Rothschild built on Marx's work and fostering connections with the 74 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:36,279 Speaker 1: greater Atlanta community, including with other religious faiths. Rabbi roths 75 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:39,160 Speaker 1: Child was also a vocal supporter of civil rights and 76 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 1: social justice, and This was a departure from his predecessor's work, 77 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:45,479 Speaker 1: who had felt that in order to keep his congregation 78 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:49,159 Speaker 1: as safe as possible from anti Semitic sentiments in the community, 79 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:53,039 Speaker 1: it was best to avoid confrontations with the wider community 80 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:56,279 Speaker 1: on such issues. To be clear, there was a very 81 00:04:56,480 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: real and understandable reasoning behind Marx's effort is to keep 82 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:05,640 Speaker 1: peaceful relationships with Atlanta's gentile population. Many of the Temple 83 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:10,039 Speaker 1: community remembered vividly an event from nineteen thirteen when a 84 00:05:10,080 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: member of the temple named Leo Frank was lynched by 85 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:17,240 Speaker 1: a mob after being accused of the murder of a 86 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:21,560 Speaker 1: young girl. The evidence against him was thin, but by 87 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:24,640 Speaker 1: virtue of being an outsider, being a Northerner who had 88 00:05:24,640 --> 00:05:27,679 Speaker 1: moved to the South and a Jew, Leo Frank became 89 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: a scape a scapegoat who was easy to vilify. That 90 00:05:31,839 --> 00:05:36,320 Speaker 1: is a way oversimplified version of this story. We have 91 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: an episode about it in the archive. It was a 92 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:43,680 Speaker 1: huge miscarriage of justice, and much of the Jewish community 93 00:05:43,760 --> 00:05:47,360 Speaker 1: in Atlanta opted to keep a low profile after that 94 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:51,200 Speaker 1: out of out of self preservation. Yeah, so when we 95 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 1: say that that Rabbi Marx had not been vocal about 96 00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:57,720 Speaker 1: civil rights. It wasn't necessarily because he didn't care about them, 97 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:00,480 Speaker 1: but he was very concerned about the anti semit issues 98 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:03,360 Speaker 1: that were still very much a part of culture at 99 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:07,119 Speaker 1: the time. But on Yam Kapoor. Almost from the time 100 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 1: that he became the rabbi at the temple, Rothschild used 101 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:14,240 Speaker 1: the holiday as an opportunity to speak about segregation and 102 00:06:14,279 --> 00:06:18,159 Speaker 1: to vocally oppose Jim Crow laws. He did so during 103 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,360 Speaker 1: subsequent Yam Kapoor sermons as well. It kind of came 104 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:25,560 Speaker 1: to be expected as the topic. He included the following 105 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:30,279 Speaker 1: as he addressed his congregation, how comforting this day might be. 106 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:35,920 Speaker 1: Here's the perfect opportunity to find ourselves forgiven. God's standard 107 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:38,400 Speaker 1: is too high for us. His law is too difficult. 108 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:43,280 Speaker 1: Our sins were just the expected failures of all mortals. 109 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: All we need to do, therefore, is come into His 110 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:51,240 Speaker 1: presence On each Yam Kapoor, acknowledge our inevitable guilt and 111 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:54,919 Speaker 1: pray for forgiveness and low we shall be forgiven. We 112 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:58,440 Speaker 1: are held accountable for our conduct, We are responsible for 113 00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:03,200 Speaker 1: our acts. Won't rationalize your guilt by claiming that morality 114 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:07,400 Speaker 1: is too difficult for attainment by mere man. Don't pretend 115 00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: helplessness because the right way to live is placed out 116 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,400 Speaker 1: of your reach. Don't for a moment think that you 117 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:16,480 Speaker 1: can blame your sinfulness on the fact that goodness is 118 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:20,080 Speaker 1: beyond your grasp. Quite the opposite is true. We must 119 00:07:20,160 --> 00:07:24,440 Speaker 1: do more than view with alarm the growing race hatred 120 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:28,679 Speaker 1: that threatens the South. The problem is ours to solve, 121 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,280 Speaker 1: and the time for the solution is now. We have 122 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:36,720 Speaker 1: committed no overt sin in our dealings with negroes. I 123 00:07:36,760 --> 00:07:40,320 Speaker 1: feel certain that we have treated them fairly. Certainly, we 124 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:43,280 Speaker 1: have not used force to frighten them. We have even 125 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: felt a certain sympathy for their predicament. No, our sin 126 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,440 Speaker 1: has been the deeper one, the evil of what we 127 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:56,800 Speaker 1: didn't do. This was, as you might suspect, not entirely 128 00:07:56,840 --> 00:08:01,080 Speaker 1: welcomed rhetoric. The fear of bigoted anti Semitic sentiment was 129 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: still very real to some of the people that Rothschild 130 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,000 Speaker 1: was speaking to. They had lived through that nineteen incident, 131 00:08:07,040 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 1: and they knew how scary the world could be. They 132 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: didn't want to invite conflict or stirrup trouble, and they 133 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:14,960 Speaker 1: were certainly afraid of stirring up the level of anti 134 00:08:15,040 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: Semitism that had led to Leo Frank's murder. I would 135 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:22,840 Speaker 1: say also, this was in the nineteen forties, so there 136 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:26,400 Speaker 1: was huge reason to be afraid based on events going 137 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,160 Speaker 1: on in Europe yep like there was, there was a 138 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:32,520 Speaker 1: lot of a reason that people felt the need to 139 00:08:32,559 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: stay quiet. And then additionally to all that, Rothschild was 140 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 1: something of an outsider himself. He was from Pittsburgh and 141 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:43,400 Speaker 1: he came to lead the temple after having served as 142 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 1: an Army chaplain. So while some of his congregation agreed 143 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:51,040 Speaker 1: with his ideas but feared retribution for them, others dismissed 144 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:53,920 Speaker 1: his message as being out of touch with the culture 145 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,679 Speaker 1: of the South and the tentative peace among the differing 146 00:08:56,720 --> 00:09:01,959 Speaker 1: cultures that made up Atlanta. But to Rothschild, the morality 147 00:09:02,040 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker 1: that he felt was an integral part of his faith 148 00:09:05,120 --> 00:09:07,439 Speaker 1: meant that he had to use his platform to address 149 00:09:07,520 --> 00:09:11,200 Speaker 1: social injustice. So he continued to speak out again and again, 150 00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: and he put actions behind his words. He joined interfaith 151 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:19,600 Speaker 1: organizations and civic groups, including the Southern Regional Council, the 152 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:23,559 Speaker 1: Georgia Council on Human Relations, as well as the Greater 153 00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 1: Atlantic Council on Human Relations, and under his stewardship, the 154 00:09:27,120 --> 00:09:31,960 Speaker 1: temple hosted an institute for the Christian clergy every February. 155 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 1: And while he worked hard to foster understanding across varying faiths, 156 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:40,160 Speaker 1: Rabbi Rothschild also works to bridge the color divide as well, 157 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 1: asserting that black ministers must be included in these kinds 158 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:46,440 Speaker 1: of gatherings, and he also invited leaders of the black 159 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:50,560 Speaker 1: community to speak at the temple. In late nineteen fifty seven, 160 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 1: so after he had been working at this for about 161 00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:57,199 Speaker 1: a decade. In Atlanta, Rothschild co authored the Atlanta Manifesto, 162 00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:00,080 Speaker 1: which was an anti segregation document that was sign and 163 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:03,360 Speaker 1: by more than eighty area religious leaders and was directed 164 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:08,079 Speaker 1: at city authorities. While he worked on the manifesto, Rothschild 165 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:10,560 Speaker 1: was not one of the signatories because he felt that 166 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 1: the city's Christian leaders should head the initiative for it 167 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:16,160 Speaker 1: to have its best chance at a positive reception, and 168 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:20,720 Speaker 1: that manifesto read in part, we do not believe that 169 00:10:20,760 --> 00:10:23,480 Speaker 1: the South is more to blame for the difficulties which 170 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:27,440 Speaker 1: we face than our other areas of our nation. The 171 00:10:27,559 --> 00:10:30,480 Speaker 1: presence of the Negro in America is the result of 172 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:33,800 Speaker 1: the infamous slave traffic, an evil for which the North 173 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:37,600 Speaker 1: was as much responsible as the South. We are also 174 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:42,080 Speaker 1: conscious that racial injustice and violence are not confined to 175 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,360 Speaker 1: our section, and that racial problems have by no means 176 00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:49,920 Speaker 1: been solved anywhere in our nation. Two wrongs, however, do 177 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:53,319 Speaker 1: not make a right. The failures of others are not 178 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: just a justification for our own shortcomings, nor can their 179 00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 1: unjust criticisms excuse us for a failure to do our 180 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:06,560 Speaker 1: duty in the sight of God are one concern must 181 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:09,840 Speaker 1: be to know and to do that which is right. 182 00:11:10,840 --> 00:11:15,200 Speaker 1: And all of this vocal opposition to racism on the 183 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: part of the rabbi did not go unnoticed by the 184 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: greater population. But unfortunately the rabbi's efforts to foster understanding 185 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:25,920 Speaker 1: and compassion led to some very serious consequences, and we're 186 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: going to talk about that right after we first paused 187 00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:40,400 Speaker 1: for a little sponsor break. While there were people in 188 00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:44,440 Speaker 1: Rabbi Rothschild's congregation who were a little unsettled by his 189 00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:49,680 Speaker 1: constant engagement with social issues, there were plenty of people 190 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:54,760 Speaker 1: from outside the temple's community who were downright incensed. For example, 191 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:58,679 Speaker 1: in May of n Rothschild was engaged as a speaker 192 00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:01,640 Speaker 1: at Atlanta's first bapt As church. In the evening of 193 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:04,840 Speaker 1: his lecture, a man appeared outside the church carrying a 194 00:12:04,880 --> 00:12:09,360 Speaker 1: picket sign specifically against the rabbi, and then he later 195 00:12:09,440 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: heckled the rabbi during the Q and A segment of 196 00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:17,080 Speaker 1: the evening's presentation. And there was already a weird conflation 197 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,440 Speaker 1: on the part of white supremacist groups when it came 198 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,800 Speaker 1: to the Jewish and Black communities. If you listen to 199 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,760 Speaker 1: our episodes about the Palmer Raids, you may recall how 200 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:30,680 Speaker 1: Palmer and stirring up a panic, started to lump anarchists 201 00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:34,640 Speaker 1: and communists together as one huge threat pool and then 202 00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:38,840 Speaker 1: eventually cast suspicion on all immigrants. There was a similar 203 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:42,160 Speaker 1: though different rhetoric playing out in the South of the 204 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:46,359 Speaker 1: nineteen fifties. And to be clear, there are Jewish black people, yeah, 205 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,880 Speaker 1: but this was viewing the Jewish community as a whole 206 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:51,320 Speaker 1: in the Black community as a whole sort of the 207 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:56,200 Speaker 1: same general threat base, yes uh. And so for example 208 00:12:56,280 --> 00:12:59,800 Speaker 1: of how these things got combined, one flyer that was 209 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,960 Speaker 1: being circulated by the Christian Anti Jewish Party at the 210 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:07,199 Speaker 1: beginning of the nineteen fifties was titled Jews behind race mixing, 211 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:10,840 Speaker 1: and this flyer claimed that the Jewish population was working 212 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:14,280 Speaker 1: against segregation so that the white race would be diluted 213 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: and weakened, warning that quote a race once mongrelized is 214 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:23,400 Speaker 1: mongrelized forever. So there was no illusion that an outspoken 215 00:13:23,559 --> 00:13:28,640 Speaker 1: rabbi arguing against segregation wasn't going to make people angry. 216 00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:32,560 Speaker 1: But the real moment where it became clear that rossjo 217 00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:36,480 Speaker 1: that Rothschild was really ruffling feathers came and the very 218 00:13:36,480 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 1: early morning of October twelfth, when there was an explosion 219 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:44,319 Speaker 1: at the temple. It was three forty am on a Sunday. 220 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:47,920 Speaker 1: Rabbi Rothschild was called at seven five am by the 221 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:53,040 Speaker 1: custodian at the temple, Robert Benton. Benton had been the 222 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:55,440 Speaker 1: one to discover the damage when he arrived at work 223 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:58,440 Speaker 1: that morning. And you might think, as you listen to 224 00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:01,200 Speaker 1: this and you think about the timeline, that an explosion 225 00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:03,920 Speaker 1: that large at three in the morning would have woken 226 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:07,440 Speaker 1: the neighborhood, and it did. But when police patrolled the 227 00:14:07,480 --> 00:14:09,959 Speaker 1: area in response to calls about the noise, they did 228 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,320 Speaker 1: not drive up the temple's driveway and from their perspective. 229 00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:15,920 Speaker 1: They couldn't see the hole in the building from the streets, 230 00:14:15,960 --> 00:14:19,200 Speaker 1: so it looked like everything was fine. I'm imagining that 231 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:22,560 Speaker 1: they went to investigate this noise and then we're basically like, huh, 232 00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: that was weird, right. Fifty sticks of dynamite had been 233 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:32,800 Speaker 1: detonated at the temple's north entrance, and the blast made 234 00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:36,240 Speaker 1: a huge hole in the building. Fortunately, though there were 235 00:14:36,280 --> 00:14:41,520 Speaker 1: no injuries. There was, however, somewhere between one hundred thousand 236 00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:44,960 Speaker 1: and two hundred thousand dollars worth of damage to the structure, 237 00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:48,880 Speaker 1: depending on what source you are looking at. Yeah, especially 238 00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:51,760 Speaker 1: if you're looking at newspapers from the time, the number 239 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:55,120 Speaker 1: varies wildly. One of the things that I read suggested 240 00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:59,760 Speaker 1: that two hundred was like the highest estimate, but as they, 241 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:02,640 Speaker 1: you know, got more and more information about how bad 242 00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:05,160 Speaker 1: the damage was, it it crept downward a little bit 243 00:15:05,160 --> 00:15:08,160 Speaker 1: closer to the one thousand dollar number. Still a very 244 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:13,960 Speaker 1: large sum in wherever or now. Yeah, I think we're 245 00:15:13,960 --> 00:15:18,800 Speaker 1: so used to modern uh stories of explosions or damages 246 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:22,239 Speaker 1: being in the billions, that it may not seem initially 247 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:25,160 Speaker 1: that large an amount to the modern ear but in 248 00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:28,840 Speaker 1: fact it's a lot of money. Uh and this attack 249 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,760 Speaker 1: was claimed by a white supremacist group called the Confederate Underground. 250 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,040 Speaker 1: A man claiming to be the leader of the group 251 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:39,120 Speaker 1: and calling himself General Gordon, phoned the United Press International 252 00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,800 Speaker 1: Office to tell them, quote, we bombed a temple in Atlanta. 253 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: This is the last empty building we will bomb. Negroes 254 00:15:46,760 --> 00:15:51,360 Speaker 1: and Jews are hereby declared aliens. At six fifteen that evening, 255 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:55,240 Speaker 1: there was another call, this time to the rabbi's home, 256 00:15:55,320 --> 00:15:59,120 Speaker 1: where his wife Denise answered they call. The call said, 257 00:15:59,720 --> 00:16:03,120 Speaker 1: I'm one of them that bombed your church. I'm calling 258 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,320 Speaker 1: to let you know there's a bomb under your house 259 00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:08,400 Speaker 1: and it's lit. You've got five minutes to get out 260 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:11,320 Speaker 1: and save your life. While Denis and the neighbor got 261 00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:13,720 Speaker 1: themselves and their children out of the house, it turned 262 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:16,240 Speaker 1: out to have been an empty threat. Yeah. The police 263 00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:19,080 Speaker 1: came and did a full scan of the house and 264 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:23,480 Speaker 1: found nothing. But how terrifying and horrible. UM and that 265 00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:27,160 Speaker 1: same group, the Confederate Underground, had attacked a synagogue in Charlotte, 266 00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:31,080 Speaker 1: North Carolina, the prior November. The dynamite that they used 267 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,960 Speaker 1: in that attack failed to detonate, and between that failed 268 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,920 Speaker 1: attempt and the explosion at the temple in Atlanta. The 269 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:41,200 Speaker 1: Confederate Underground had bombed four other temples and Jewish community centers, 270 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 1: while their second attack in Gastonia, North Carolina, on February nine, 271 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: had also been thwarted by faulty dynamite. Their third and 272 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:54,920 Speaker 1: fourth bombings, carried out just hours apart on March six, sixteenth, 273 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:58,120 Speaker 1: at the Orthodox Temple Bethel in Miami, Florida and the 274 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:02,760 Speaker 1: Jewish Community Center in Nashville, Tennessee, both caused building damage. 275 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:06,520 Speaker 1: The fifth attack, at the Bethel Synagogue in Birmingham, Alabama, 276 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:10,679 Speaker 1: on April was unsuccessful, this time to diffuse failure, and 277 00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:12,879 Speaker 1: the following day there was another failed attack at the 278 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:17,399 Speaker 1: Jewish Community Center in Jacksonville, Florida. I feel like this 279 00:17:17,760 --> 00:17:22,680 Speaker 1: highlights the fact that, like the series of bomb threats 280 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:27,000 Speaker 1: at Jewish community centers that is ongoing today, has layers 281 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:29,200 Speaker 1: of being terrifying beyond just the fact that it's a 282 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,800 Speaker 1: bomb threat, right, It's a bomb threat that's part of 283 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:38,480 Speaker 1: a history of bomb threats and bombings specifically against Jewish 284 00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 1: centers and houses of worship. Because of those attacks and 285 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:47,280 Speaker 1: a protest demonstration outside the Atlantic Constitution offices in July, 286 00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 1: where protesters carried signs reading free America from Jewish Domination. 287 00:17:53,119 --> 00:17:57,360 Speaker 1: The Temple and all synagogues throughout the South had increased 288 00:17:57,359 --> 00:18:00,760 Speaker 1: their security, but this was not enough to deter terrorists. 289 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:04,199 Speaker 1: The other thing that happened as a result of the 290 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 1: previous attacks was actually an improvement in coordination across police 291 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:12,399 Speaker 1: forces from jurisdictions throughout the South, and so after the 292 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:16,400 Speaker 1: attack on the Temple, the law enforcement network activated immediately. 293 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:20,359 Speaker 1: More than seventy five detectives worked in conjunction with agents 294 00:18:20,359 --> 00:18:23,359 Speaker 1: from the FBI and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation in 295 00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:26,679 Speaker 1: an unprecedented effort to search for suspects in the crime. 296 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:32,200 Speaker 1: Five days after the bombing, on October seventeenth, ninety five men, 297 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:36,560 Speaker 1: all associated with the white supremacy groups, the National States 298 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 1: Rights Party and the Knights of the White Camellia were 299 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:44,359 Speaker 1: indicted for the blast. Wallace Allen, Robert Bowling, George Bright, 300 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:48,119 Speaker 1: Luther Corley, and Kenneth Griffin, and they eventually let one 301 00:18:48,119 --> 00:18:50,200 Speaker 1: of the men go, but the first of the five 302 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:53,480 Speaker 1: men that they tried was George Bright, and his trial 303 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:57,280 Speaker 1: started on December one, with Judge Derwood te Pie presiding. 304 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:01,520 Speaker 1: The case against Bright was the strong is the prosecutors believed, 305 00:19:01,800 --> 00:19:03,920 Speaker 1: and the hope was that a conviction in his case 306 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:07,160 Speaker 1: would make it easier to convict his cohorts. They're kind 307 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:10,080 Speaker 1: of relying on a domino effect to take place. The 308 00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:13,200 Speaker 1: evidence against Bright included a note found in his home 309 00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:18,000 Speaker 1: that threatens terror against the Jewish population, anti Semitic literature 310 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,520 Speaker 1: found in his home, and testimony from an FBI informant 311 00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:23,520 Speaker 1: who said that he had been in a meeting with 312 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:25,760 Speaker 1: the other men in May of that year where they 313 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:30,800 Speaker 1: planned the temple attack. Additionally, the man we mentioned earlier 314 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:34,920 Speaker 1: who protested a lecture giving given by Rabbi Rothschild and 315 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:38,160 Speaker 1: then heckled him from the crowd was also George Bright. 316 00:19:38,840 --> 00:19:41,800 Speaker 1: He had also been part of the anti Semitic protest 317 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:46,000 Speaker 1: outside the newspaper offices. The jury in the case actually 318 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 1: came to a deadlock. There were nine in favor of 319 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,159 Speaker 1: conviction and three that were opposed, and none were willing 320 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:55,879 Speaker 1: to budge, so on the tenth day of the legal proceedings, 321 00:19:55,960 --> 00:20:00,119 Speaker 1: Judge Pye declared a mistrial. A second trial soon followed, 322 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,600 Speaker 1: but this time Bright was acquitted. There's actually a whole 323 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:06,520 Speaker 1: weird side story where his um lawyer was found in 324 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 1: contempt of court and I think actually ended up doing 325 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:13,359 Speaker 1: some jail time, but he got his client off. Uh. 326 00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:17,000 Speaker 1: It sounded like a circus. But because of the failure 327 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:19,359 Speaker 1: to secure a guilty verdict in what they thought was 328 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:23,480 Speaker 1: clearly their strongest case, prosecutors eventually it took quite some time, 329 00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:27,520 Speaker 1: but they eventually dropped the charges against the other alleged conspirators. 330 00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:30,640 Speaker 1: No other suspects were ever charged for the bombing, so 331 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:34,040 Speaker 1: there was absolutely never any justice in this case. Well, 332 00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:40,480 Speaker 1: and this is also pretty circumstantial evidence. It is clear 333 00:20:40,560 --> 00:20:45,000 Speaker 1: evidence that he was anti Semitic, but like not a 334 00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:50,760 Speaker 1: conclusive thing directly connecting him to the bombing um So well, 335 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:54,520 Speaker 1: that's a somber element of this case. It does, as 336 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:56,639 Speaker 1: we mentioned at the top of the show, have some 337 00:20:56,760 --> 00:20:59,560 Speaker 1: truly hopeful elements to it, and we will talk about 338 00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:02,120 Speaker 1: those after a quick word from one of our sponsors. 339 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:14,720 Speaker 1: All of that outreach that Rabbi Rosschild had been doing 340 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:18,359 Speaker 1: in Atlanta's diverse communities, as uncomfortable as it sometimes made people, 341 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:21,800 Speaker 1: was really repaid in the aftermath of the bombing. People 342 00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:24,560 Speaker 1: from all walks of life rallied around ross Child in 343 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 1: his congregation. Religious and civic leaders in Atlanta and then 344 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:31,960 Speaker 1: in the US and then around the globe contemned the attack. 345 00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:35,720 Speaker 1: The help came in both verbal condemnation of the attack 346 00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:39,680 Speaker 1: and in financial support for the temple to rebuild. The 347 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:42,919 Speaker 1: mayor of Atlanta at the time, William be Heartsfield and 348 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:45,359 Speaker 1: Amy will recognize if you have ever flown in or 349 00:21:45,400 --> 00:21:49,320 Speaker 1: out of Atlanta, said in an interview right after the attack, quote, 350 00:21:49,359 --> 00:21:52,840 Speaker 1: my friends, here you see the end result of bigotry 351 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:55,679 Speaker 1: and intolerance, and whether we like it or not, those 352 00:21:55,720 --> 00:22:00,679 Speaker 1: practicing rabble rousing and demagoguery are the godfather of the 353 00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:05,399 Speaker 1: cross burners and the dynamiters. Yeah. There's actually footage of 354 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:08,280 Speaker 1: of him making that pronouncement on television and in his 355 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:12,200 Speaker 1: Southern accent. It's quite charming. The editor of the Atlanta Constitution, 356 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:14,639 Speaker 1: Ralph McGill, another name you'll recognize if you've been in 357 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,080 Speaker 1: the city. We have a street named after him, wrote 358 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:19,880 Speaker 1: a series of editorials on the bombing, which eventually earned 359 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:22,119 Speaker 1: him a Pulitzer Prize, in which he said, quote, you 360 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:25,480 Speaker 1: cannot preach and encourage hate for the Negro and hope 361 00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:28,439 Speaker 1: to restrict it to that field. When the wounds of 362 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,399 Speaker 1: hate are loosed on one people, then no one is safe. 363 00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:36,000 Speaker 1: Donations came from rich and poor alike, including one which 364 00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:39,639 Speaker 1: was sent in by Fulton County Prison Chaplain Bill Allison. 365 00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:43,760 Speaker 1: The money, the chaplain explained, had been contributed by the 366 00:22:43,800 --> 00:22:47,720 Speaker 1: prisons black population, who had taken up a collection to donate. 367 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,679 Speaker 1: The chaplain received a letter of thanks from Rathschild which said, quote, 368 00:22:51,800 --> 00:22:55,080 Speaker 1: of all the gifts which we have received, this one 369 00:22:55,240 --> 00:22:59,600 Speaker 1: certainly is one of the most meaningful and heartwarming. The 370 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:02,280 Speaker 1: social hall at the temple was named Friendship Hall to 371 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:05,439 Speaker 1: acknowledge the many people from all over Atlanta and the 372 00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:08,920 Speaker 1: world who stood by Rothschild and his congregation and helped 373 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:12,680 Speaker 1: them rebuild, and the rabbi's first sermon after the bombing, 374 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:16,399 Speaker 1: he shared this message of hope quote. This despicable act 375 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:20,280 Speaker 1: has made brighter the flame of courage, and renewed and 376 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:24,800 Speaker 1: splendor the fires of determination and dedication. It has reached 377 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:28,959 Speaker 1: the hearts of men everywhere, and roused the conscience of 378 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:33,720 Speaker 1: people united and righteousness. All of us together shall rear 379 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:37,480 Speaker 1: from the rubble of devastation a city and a land 380 00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:41,000 Speaker 1: in which all men are truly brothers, and none shall 381 00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:45,280 Speaker 1: make them afraid. The following year, on the anniversary of 382 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:49,080 Speaker 1: the bombing, the temple had been repaired and red, white, 383 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:51,840 Speaker 1: and blue stained glass windows filled the space that had 384 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:54,639 Speaker 1: been the whole caused by the blast, and in a 385 00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:57,080 Speaker 1: statement to the press that was made on that anniversary, 386 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:00,600 Speaker 1: Rabbi Rosschild said that the windows quote sim belies the 387 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:04,320 Speaker 1: basic faith of the people. While the bomb attack had 388 00:24:04,359 --> 00:24:07,600 Speaker 1: the surprise consequence of bringing a lot of the Atlanta 389 00:24:07,680 --> 00:24:11,960 Speaker 1: community together, had also highlighted the problems that were still 390 00:24:12,119 --> 00:24:16,560 Speaker 1: so clear across the country. There were very valid questions 391 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:19,720 Speaker 1: raised about whether there would be such kindness and good 392 00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:23,159 Speaker 1: pr if the same thing had happened at a black church. 393 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:26,919 Speaker 1: There were already plenty of cases of racist violence on 394 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:30,560 Speaker 1: the books against African Americans that had not been pursued 395 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:35,119 Speaker 1: so diligently as the temple bombing, or at all in 396 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:40,240 Speaker 1: some instances. The bombing in its reaction also caught the 397 00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:44,960 Speaker 1: segregationist movement off guard. While supporters of segregation had long 398 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:47,520 Speaker 1: seen liberals from the North and the nub A CP 399 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:50,280 Speaker 1: in the Supreme Court as their enemies in what they 400 00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:54,160 Speaker 1: thought was right, there were also efforts at this point 401 00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:58,000 Speaker 1: to try to disassociate from the militant white supremacist movements 402 00:24:58,359 --> 00:25:00,800 Speaker 1: like the National States Rights Party, the Knights of the 403 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:04,600 Speaker 1: White Chamelea, and the kkk UH. They wanted not to 404 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:08,080 Speaker 1: let that mar what they thought was their correct ideology, 405 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:11,119 Speaker 1: and there were also some claims by white supremacist groups 406 00:25:11,119 --> 00:25:15,200 Speaker 1: that this whole bombing had been staged just to incriminate them. 407 00:25:15,240 --> 00:25:19,119 Speaker 1: There were certainly still many battles to fight in the 408 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:23,480 Speaker 1: civil rights movement, and racial equality and frankly anti semitism 409 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,600 Speaker 1: still remain issues today, but the bombing at the temple 410 00:25:26,760 --> 00:25:30,119 Speaker 1: is largely seen as a watershed moment that moved the 411 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:36,840 Speaker 1: civil rights movement forward. When Rabbi Rothschild's wife, Janice Rothschild Blumberg, 412 00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:40,120 Speaker 1: wrote about the incident later in her life, she tiled 413 00:25:40,119 --> 00:25:43,719 Speaker 1: her writing the Bomb That Healed, and in that writing, 414 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:50,280 Speaker 1: which appeared in American Jewish History magazine, Janice also astutely 415 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:53,960 Speaker 1: acknowledged the racial divide that offered the temple a bit 416 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,480 Speaker 1: of privilege. In the wake of this bombing. She wrote, 417 00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:00,119 Speaker 1: quote to churchgoing at Lantin's desecration of a house of 418 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:03,199 Speaker 1: God was an abomination that it was Jewish, made no 419 00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:07,080 Speaker 1: difference that its members were white. Probably did. And I 420 00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:11,439 Speaker 1: also want to say that, uh, that particular piece of 421 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:14,199 Speaker 1: writing is spectacular, and I encourage people to go read it. 422 00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,760 Speaker 1: It's available on j Store, because she really captures what 423 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,760 Speaker 1: it was like to be in the midst of that 424 00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:22,919 Speaker 1: sort of weird shock wave, and what it was like 425 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,720 Speaker 1: from receiving that call in the morning, how they were 426 00:26:25,720 --> 00:26:28,080 Speaker 1: dealing with it, what her emotions were doing, what the 427 00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:31,320 Speaker 1: community was doing. It's a really really good snapshot of 428 00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,280 Speaker 1: that moment in history. Well, and you and I, neither 429 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:37,840 Speaker 1: of us is Jewish. We have not spent our lives 430 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:44,360 Speaker 1: confronting anti semitism or racism. Frankly, so having perspectives from 431 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,800 Speaker 1: people who are coming from that side of it is 432 00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 1: super important. Rabbi Rothschild continued for his entire life to 433 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:57,600 Speaker 1: be an outspoken advocate for equality, even more so after 434 00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:01,359 Speaker 1: the bombing them before he gave the eulogy for his 435 00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:04,359 Speaker 1: friend Martin Luther King, Jr. At an interfaith memorial in 436 00:27:04,440 --> 00:27:08,920 Speaker 1: Atlanta after the civil rights leader was assassinated. He died 437 00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:11,119 Speaker 1: of a heart attack on the last day of nineteen 438 00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:15,159 Speaker 1: seventy three, but the temple remains. It's changed and been 439 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:20,679 Speaker 1: renovated several times to accommodate it's it's ever growing, uh community, 440 00:27:21,119 --> 00:27:23,919 Speaker 1: and it is still an active place of worship. It 441 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:26,840 Speaker 1: is also on the National Park Service National Register of 442 00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:30,520 Speaker 1: Historic Places to Visit. I mean, it's a part of 443 00:27:30,680 --> 00:27:33,200 Speaker 1: Atlanta that we see all the time. People drive by it. 444 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,560 Speaker 1: It is shown in the movie Driving Miss Daisy. It is. 445 00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:41,040 Speaker 1: It's a gorgeous, gorgeous structure and really lovely. So uh. 446 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,160 Speaker 1: That is the story of the temple bombing, and it's 447 00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:47,040 Speaker 1: one of those things that I feel foolish. I did not, 448 00:27:47,119 --> 00:27:48,840 Speaker 1: even though I live here in Atlanta and I have 449 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:51,359 Speaker 1: seen little snippets about it, I never really knew that 450 00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:53,480 Speaker 1: much about it. Yeah, And you and I had a 451 00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:59,040 Speaker 1: brief conversation before we started recording about having even been 452 00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:02,320 Speaker 1: there's a Jewish History museum in Atlanta, and having having 453 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:06,200 Speaker 1: even been there, and I think gone through their exhibition 454 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:10,280 Speaker 1: on his Jewish History in Atlanta through objects, it rang 455 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:15,840 Speaker 1: a bell. But I knew so little about it at all. Yeah, 456 00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:17,720 Speaker 1: which is a pity. I mean, I know, within the 457 00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:20,159 Speaker 1: Jewish community it is still a very big deal and 458 00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:22,240 Speaker 1: something that they speak about a lot, but I had 459 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:25,560 Speaker 1: no knowledge of that fact prior to digging into this research. 460 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:34,920 Speaker 1: Thanks so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since 461 00:28:34,920 --> 00:28:37,000 Speaker 1: this episode is out of the archive, if you heard 462 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,040 Speaker 1: an email address or a Facebook U r L or 463 00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:41,760 Speaker 1: something similar over the course of the show, that could 464 00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: be obsolete now. Our current email address is History Podcast 465 00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:50,000 Speaker 1: at i heart radio dot com. Our old health stuff 466 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,160 Speaker 1: works email address no longer works, and you can find 467 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:56,440 Speaker 1: us all over social media at missed in History. And 468 00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:59,719 Speaker 1: you can subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Google 469 00:28:59,720 --> 00:29:02,600 Speaker 1: pod Cast, the I heart Radio app, and wherever else 470 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:08,640 Speaker 1: you listen to podcasts. Stuff you Missed in History Class 471 00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:11,719 Speaker 1: is a production of I heart Radio. For more podcasts 472 00:29:11,760 --> 00:29:14,160 Speaker 1: from I heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, 473 00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,440 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 474 00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:18,400 Speaker 1: H