WEBVTT - Sundar Pichai 0:00:03.000 --> 0:00:05.399 Over the past quarter century, one of the most significant 0:00:05.400 --> 0:00:07.720 companies in the world has been Google. It has led 0:00:07.760 --> 0:00:10.120 today not by its founders, but by a personal who 0:00:10.119 --> 0:00:12.520 started in two thousand and four, rose up the ranks, 0:00:12.560 --> 0:00:13.560 and is now the CEO. 0:00:13.920 --> 0:00:15.320 His name is Sundar Pashai. 0:00:15.760 --> 0:00:18.000 I sat down with him recently and the Google officers 0:00:18.000 --> 0:00:20.200 of New York to talk about the future of Google 0:00:20.239 --> 0:00:23.720 and also importance of artificial intelligence to the company. When 0:00:23.760 --> 0:00:28.440 you joined Google, the alphabet hadn't yet existed. It was 0:00:28.480 --> 0:00:31.480 two thousand and four. The company was started in nineteen 0:00:31.520 --> 0:00:34.280 ninety eight, I believe. So how big was the company 0:00:34.280 --> 0:00:35.200 in two thousand and four? 0:00:35.560 --> 0:00:37.640 Two thousand and four, we were about just totally one 0:00:37.640 --> 0:00:40.760 thousand people, I think, but we are growing pretty fast. Yeah, 0:00:40.800 --> 0:00:41.920 we were about thousand people. 0:00:42.479 --> 0:00:44.960 So when you why did you come to the company 0:00:45.000 --> 0:00:45.599 in two thousand four? 0:00:45.640 --> 0:00:46.959 Who attracted you to come here? 0:00:47.200 --> 0:00:48.920 A small, little search engine company? 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:50.720 Search wasn't that big a deal then? 0:00:50.800 --> 0:00:54.640 Probably I was using the product from the outside, and 0:00:54.840 --> 0:00:58.160 you know, I clearly noticed how much better it was 0:00:58.200 --> 0:01:00.440 as a product. And I was a what I call 0:01:00.440 --> 0:01:02.800 a power user of the product, right, and I had 0:01:02.800 --> 0:01:04.600 a lot of ideas in my head on how the 0:01:04.600 --> 0:01:08.960 product could be made better. But more importantly, you know, 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:13.400 I gaining access to technology made a big difference in 0:01:13.400 --> 0:01:16.600 my life, and so I always tell the power of 0:01:16.640 --> 0:01:20.000 giving access to technology. The thing about Google which appealed 0:01:20.040 --> 0:01:23.800 to me was you could be somewhere in rural Indonesia, 0:01:23.959 --> 0:01:27.039 or you could be a professor at Stanford, and you 0:01:27.080 --> 0:01:29.840 would get access to that information as long as you 0:01:29.880 --> 0:01:31.280 had a computer and connectivity. 0:01:31.360 --> 0:01:36.119 With respect to the company today, you obviously have had 0:01:36.160 --> 0:01:40.160 some legal challenges. One legal challenge by the federal government. 0:01:40.800 --> 0:01:44.000 They charged that your I guess your search engine was 0:01:44.920 --> 0:01:46.720 I hate to use the word monopolistic, but I guess 0:01:46.760 --> 0:01:49.240 they probably used that word. It's running the company more 0:01:49.280 --> 0:01:53.800 complicated because you have this lawsuit you have to deal with. 0:01:53.400 --> 0:01:56.280 With our scale and size, I think scrutiny is inevitable, 0:01:56.360 --> 0:02:00.480 and you know we've always engaged very respect fully and 0:02:00.520 --> 0:02:05.600 responsibly through these processes. Even in the current current ruling, 0:02:05.640 --> 0:02:08.880 I mean, the ruling goes to great length to point 0:02:08.919 --> 0:02:14.280 out that we have achieved success by innovating. Our competitors 0:02:14.360 --> 0:02:18.200 acknowledge that we had the best searching search engine in 0:02:18.240 --> 0:02:21.480 the world. We definitely disagree with the ruling but it'd 0:02:21.520 --> 0:02:25.400 been still in the middle of the remedies phase. And 0:02:25.639 --> 0:02:27.960 you know, we will appeal and this process will likely 0:02:28.000 --> 0:02:32.639 take many years. And you know, I'm confident given that 0:02:33.240 --> 0:02:39.000 you know, we are focused on innovating using technology, will 0:02:39.000 --> 0:02:41.840 do well in the long run. And just last week 0:02:41.880 --> 0:02:46.160 there was a European court ruling which overruled the earlier decision. 0:02:46.200 --> 0:02:49.120 But the process had taken you almost ten years, right, 0:02:49.160 --> 0:02:50.600 So these things take take a while. 0:02:50.960 --> 0:02:53.520 So were you surprised that the US government after they 0:02:53.639 --> 0:02:56.959 won that case, they filed another case against you? Were 0:02:57.000 --> 0:02:59.200 you surprised that that happened? And you expect that'll go 0:02:59.280 --> 0:03:00.000 on for a while too. 0:03:00.400 --> 0:03:02.440 This one is not to do with our advertising on 0:03:02.480 --> 0:03:05.880 our search engine. The other one is we provide an 0:03:06.040 --> 0:03:12.920 ad platform for publishers to run advertising on their sites, 0:03:13.000 --> 0:03:16.200 and so we provide a platform, and so this is 0:03:16.240 --> 0:03:17.960 focused on that part of our business. 0:03:19.160 --> 0:03:20.080 Part of our business. 0:03:20.600 --> 0:03:23.399 Again, we are you know, that case is just getting underway, 0:03:23.480 --> 0:03:26.360 so I expected to take take some time. And you know, 0:03:26.440 --> 0:03:31.440 but look where we can figure out you know, constructive solutions. 0:03:32.120 --> 0:03:35.360 I think we will where we think it really harms 0:03:35.400 --> 0:03:39.200 our ability to innovate on behalf of our users or uh, 0:03:39.240 --> 0:03:41.440 you know, we are going to be vigorous in defending 0:03:41.480 --> 0:03:43.560 ourselves and it's going to take time for it to 0:03:43.560 --> 0:03:43.960 play out. 0:03:44.080 --> 0:03:49.360 Silicon Valley has been enamored with artificial intelligence AI. Everybody 0:03:49.400 --> 0:03:51.880 thinks that they need to have AI starts, attach their 0:03:51.960 --> 0:03:54.760 name or or be a leader in it. Chat GBT 0:03:55.080 --> 0:03:57.400 got out to the public first, but you've been working 0:03:57.400 --> 0:03:59.520 on it for a long time, maybe before open AI did. 0:04:00.240 --> 0:04:02.320 Are you going to go more public with what you're 0:04:02.360 --> 0:04:06.320 doing in artificial intelligence? And how is artificial intelligence going 0:04:06.360 --> 0:04:08.280 to change your company? 0:04:09.040 --> 0:04:12.080 I mean it is. It's been a big focus for 0:04:12.160 --> 0:04:14.440 us as a company. One of the first things I 0:04:14.440 --> 0:04:17.799 did as CEOs to pivot the company to be focused 0:04:17.800 --> 0:04:22.600 on AI AI first. You know, we've developed a lot 0:04:22.600 --> 0:04:25.760 of the core underlying technology, a lot of its powers 0:04:25.760 --> 0:04:28.799 search today. So part of what has helped us keep 0:04:28.880 --> 0:04:31.560 search about everyone else is by incorporating a lot of 0:04:31.600 --> 0:04:35.840 AI in how we do search. The current moment around 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:41.159 generator AI is what's captured people's imagination. We are incorporating 0:04:41.200 --> 0:04:43.479 that in search in a deep way. So today if 0:04:43.520 --> 0:04:45.480 we go to Google and type a query in we 0:04:45.920 --> 0:04:48.640 give for many queries, we give something called an AI 0:04:48.839 --> 0:04:53.320 overview and you get a nice summary on top which 0:04:53.400 --> 0:04:56.960 we are summarizing the top results and giving context around 0:04:57.000 --> 0:05:01.040 it using AI. It's been very well just people love it, 0:05:01.240 --> 0:05:03.760 and so it's you know, it's one direction in which 0:05:03.800 --> 0:05:07.280 we are using AI. Table of our product we have. 0:05:07.800 --> 0:05:10.200 Our models are called Gemini, and people can also talk 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:13.120 to Gemini directly. And I just feel like we're at 0:05:13.240 --> 0:05:16.160 very very early stages of what is probably the most 0:05:16.160 --> 0:05:19.440 profound shift in technology we will ever see as humanity. 0:05:19.480 --> 0:05:20.960 So it's an exciting time today. 0:05:21.000 --> 0:05:23.039 If I want to do a search, I suppose I 0:05:23.160 --> 0:05:26.000 look your name up on a search and it'll come 0:05:26.080 --> 0:05:29.000 up with your bio and so forth, and then maybe 0:05:29.120 --> 0:05:32.320 articles written about you will appear on this and then 0:05:32.600 --> 0:05:35.680 maybe those articles will guide me to let's say, an 0:05:35.680 --> 0:05:37.040 advertising site or something. 0:05:37.920 --> 0:05:39.560 But with AI, some. 0:05:39.480 --> 0:05:43.720 People are worried that your AI will basically have all 0:05:43.760 --> 0:05:47.840 the information, and therefore they won't they the advertisers won't 0:05:47.960 --> 0:05:49.920 have anybody coming to their site any longer. 0:05:49.960 --> 0:05:51.320 So how do you address that issue? 0:05:51.440 --> 0:05:56.239 Today we've past twenty five years. People come to Google 0:05:57.360 --> 0:06:00.159 because they're not only looking for what they want, but 0:06:00.200 --> 0:06:03.840 they enjoy the richness and the diversity of what exists 0:06:03.880 --> 0:06:06.000 on the bat right, So people are clicking through and 0:06:06.040 --> 0:06:09.280 going to a lot of sites. That is important for us. 0:06:09.720 --> 0:06:13.840 That's what makes this thriving ecosystem. So even if as 0:06:13.920 --> 0:06:16.640 we are evolving the product with AI, one of our 0:06:16.680 --> 0:06:20.880 core design principles has been making sure it works that way, right, 0:06:20.920 --> 0:06:25.239 and so we are prioritizing approaches which will send traffic 0:06:25.279 --> 0:06:29.640 to publishers and in the case of commercial queries, advertisers 0:06:29.680 --> 0:06:33.360 will also benefit as well. But that's you know, we 0:06:33.400 --> 0:06:37.680 think about it holistically because I think that's what allows 0:06:37.680 --> 0:06:40.599 people to create great content and create that virtual cycle. 0:06:40.839 --> 0:06:44.800 So advertisers are they concerned that somehow the AI search 0:06:44.880 --> 0:06:47.680 function you have might get them bypass. 0:06:47.760 --> 0:06:49.720 The way we think about it is users, when they 0:06:49.720 --> 0:06:52.719 come looking for information, there is an aspect of it 0:06:52.760 --> 0:06:56.120 where they're looking for commercial information. It's naturally in the 0:06:56.240 --> 0:07:01.520 user's intent, and when their intent is commercial, you know, 0:07:01.560 --> 0:07:04.800 advertising turns out to be very very relevant information. There 0:07:04.839 --> 0:07:07.520 was a core insight behind how we monetize Google Search 0:07:08.160 --> 0:07:11.800 that adds a valuable information when users have a commercial intent. 0:07:12.280 --> 0:07:16.040 That doesn't change just because there's a new underlying technology. Right, 0:07:16.280 --> 0:07:20.080 people are always looking for commercial information and providers of 0:07:20.120 --> 0:07:24.240 that information. Merchants, businesses are trying to reach users, and 0:07:25.040 --> 0:07:27.080 so that dynamic will continue to exist. 0:07:27.240 --> 0:07:29.960 So Google is more or less the search engine part 0:07:29.960 --> 0:07:32.720 of your company. Alphabet has other parts. Let me ask 0:07:32.720 --> 0:07:33.480 you about some of them. 0:07:33.520 --> 0:07:36.200 I could, so maybe if I could step back. You know, 0:07:36.280 --> 0:07:40.320 Google has many businesses beyond search, right, So you have 0:07:40.360 --> 0:07:43.800 Google Search, but think about Google Cloud, where we provide 0:07:43.800 --> 0:07:48.080 software at all enterprises. It's YouTube, there is YouTube and 0:07:48.480 --> 0:07:51.160 so on. There's Android and so on. So think of 0:07:51.200 --> 0:07:56.360 Google as our you know, Internet related businesses. Okay, and 0:07:56.520 --> 0:08:00.880 then we're using technology still. But we have other long 0:08:01.000 --> 0:08:05.640 term bets. Weimo was a bet on autonomous self driving 0:08:05.760 --> 0:08:09.720 cars and that's been a long term bet. We have 0:08:09.800 --> 0:08:15.080 Wing which is a drone delivery company. We have Calico, 0:08:15.320 --> 0:08:22.400 which is pursuing long term drug discovery for difficult to 0:08:22.440 --> 0:08:25.720 treat diseases, etcetera. So these are longer term bets, and 0:08:25.760 --> 0:08:27.480 that's what we call as other bets. 0:08:27.640 --> 0:08:31.000 Okay, So Waimo is a long term bet, I assume, 0:08:31.080 --> 0:08:33.520 But have you been in one of those cars. 0:08:33.480 --> 0:08:33.959 All the time? 0:08:33.960 --> 0:08:34.120 You know? 0:08:34.320 --> 0:08:38.680 I make sure to go periodically and take a ride 0:08:38.720 --> 0:08:42.360 in Wemo is phenomenal the progress I've seen every six months. 0:08:42.880 --> 0:08:45.240 The last time I was in the car, the third 0:08:45.280 --> 0:08:47.480 time I was in it. You know, I was on 0:08:47.520 --> 0:08:49.520 my phone in the back seat. Once in a while, 0:08:49.520 --> 0:08:51.320 I tell myself, you know, look, I'm in a self 0:08:51.360 --> 0:08:54.800 driving car. It's amazing even how people sometimes look in 0:08:54.840 --> 0:08:57.800 Some people are curious, some people are kind of. 0:08:57.720 --> 0:08:59.560 Like they used to it. You wear a helmet when 0:08:59.600 --> 0:09:01.640 you're in there. Your confect. 0:09:03.240 --> 0:09:05.360 Not at all, you know, quite the contrary. It's it's 0:09:05.400 --> 0:09:06.240 pretty relaxing. 0:09:07.320 --> 0:09:07.480 You know. 0:09:07.480 --> 0:09:10.439 We've been surprised at how much okay, people like the 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:14.040 experience we are now. We've scaled up towe hundred thousand 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:18.280 paid rights every week in the In the US, we 0:09:18.400 --> 0:09:20.920 recently announced a partnership with Uber, so you can use 0:09:20.960 --> 0:09:26.000 the Uber app, for example in Atlanta to Haila waymocard. 0:09:26.280 --> 0:09:30.120 You have a business, that's the cloud business you mentioned earlier. 0:09:30.200 --> 0:09:33.160 I think Amazon got to the cloud first and other 0:09:33.200 --> 0:09:36.680 big tech companies got there later. How significant is cloud 0:09:36.720 --> 0:09:39.200 to you now? And are you the person kind of 0:09:39.240 --> 0:09:40.720 drove the cloud business here? 0:09:41.080 --> 0:09:43.440 I mean it was one of the big areas. 0:09:44.160 --> 0:09:44.360 You know. 0:09:44.480 --> 0:09:47.360 I bet On, I say, became CEO in twenty fifteen, 0:09:47.480 --> 0:09:52.040 and you know, we realized Google was built in the cloud. 0:09:52.120 --> 0:09:55.200 Google Search, Google Maps, Gmail, everything works. We are a 0:09:55.280 --> 0:09:58.200 native cloud company and we are one of the best 0:09:58.200 --> 0:10:00.560 cloud infrastructure in the world. So we made it decision 0:10:00.640 --> 0:10:05.120 to really provide it to everyone else. And you know, 0:10:05.480 --> 0:10:09.160 we brought in CEOs who had real background to do that. 0:10:09.800 --> 0:10:13.079 Our current CEO, Thomas Korean, has really helped scale the business. 0:10:13.240 --> 0:10:16.199 Last quarter we had over ten billion dollars in revenues. 0:10:16.880 --> 0:10:22.200 I think we're probably the number fourth largest software company 0:10:22.240 --> 0:10:25.240 in the enterprise now, so it's one of our most 0:10:25.320 --> 0:10:29.199 robust businesses. And in fact, I announced in one of 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:32.320 our earnings called recently that we will exit twenty twenty 0:10:32.360 --> 0:10:37.520 four in YouTube and cloud at one hundred billion dollars runderrate. 0:10:37.640 --> 0:10:40.680 And these were businesses which we've built from scratch over 0:10:40.760 --> 0:10:41.600 the past decade. 0:10:41.800 --> 0:10:44.360 So we've talked about cloud, which was a novelty ten 0:10:44.440 --> 0:10:46.720 years ago or so, and now AI is a bit 0:10:46.760 --> 0:10:49.720 of a novelty. What the areas in the future that 0:10:49.760 --> 0:10:54.760 you think will be the next great tech interest for 0:10:55.160 --> 0:10:57.720 Solicon Valley and other people is quantum computing? 0:10:57.720 --> 0:10:59.040 One of them, you know. 0:10:59.040 --> 0:11:03.439 Would view quantum one of those foundational technologies like AI 0:11:03.720 --> 0:11:07.679 over time, you know, quantum, you know, you know, it's 0:11:07.880 --> 0:11:12.479 fundamentally thinking about how to design different computers than classical computers. 0:11:13.040 --> 0:11:14.920 So I would view it as just like aids are 0:11:15.000 --> 0:11:20.000 underlying technologies, but these technologies are going to hopefully enable many, 0:11:20.040 --> 0:11:23.280 many amazing applications on top of them, you know AI. 0:11:24.120 --> 0:11:27.320 You know, that's why compared AI to fire or electricity. 0:11:27.640 --> 0:11:30.120 You know, it's going to cut across every sector everywhere, 0:11:30.160 --> 0:11:31.720 and people are going to be able to read think 0:11:32.320 --> 0:11:36.920 think of AI as you're getting really intelligent decision making 0:11:36.960 --> 0:11:40.319 systems to deploy everywhere. 0:11:40.559 --> 0:11:43.640 Let's talk about your background for a moment. So where 0:11:43.640 --> 0:11:44.200 were you born. 0:11:44.880 --> 0:11:47.080 I was born in India in a city called Chennai 0:11:47.120 --> 0:11:48.040 in the south of India. 0:11:48.160 --> 0:11:51.480 And did you grow up you know, in middle class 0:11:51.559 --> 0:11:51.880 kind of. 0:11:52.360 --> 0:11:54.720 You know, it was a comfortable middle class life in India, 0:11:54.800 --> 0:11:58.480 you know. But one of the things was technology wasn't 0:11:58.520 --> 0:12:00.800 always around and we had to wait for a while 0:12:00.880 --> 0:12:03.600 before you know, we were on a waiting list. At 0:12:03.600 --> 0:12:05.920 that time, only the government made phones and this was 0:12:05.920 --> 0:12:08.600 a rotary phone. So it was a five year wait 0:12:08.640 --> 0:12:11.480 list to get a phone, right, and so we got 0:12:11.520 --> 0:12:14.640 the rotary phone changed our lives we were one of 0:12:14.640 --> 0:12:17.360 the few people in our neighborhood to have it. People 0:12:17.360 --> 0:12:19.040 would come to our homes to make calls to the 0:12:19.080 --> 0:12:21.840 loved ones. I recall, you know, I would have to 0:12:22.320 --> 0:12:24.559 it would before our trip to find the black test 0:12:24.600 --> 0:12:26.880 results for my mother. Sometimes I would go all the 0:12:26.920 --> 0:12:29.439 way to the hospital and they would say, no, it's 0:12:29.440 --> 0:12:31.520 not ready, come back tomorrow. And with the phone, I 0:12:31.559 --> 0:12:34.959 could call and get that information right away. So it really, 0:12:35.520 --> 0:12:37.040 you know, showed me the part of technology. 0:12:37.200 --> 0:12:38.600 So where did you go to college? 0:12:38.920 --> 0:12:43.120 I went to a college called the Indian Institute of Technology. 0:12:43.320 --> 0:12:45.920 It's a set of you know, a few institutions which 0:12:45.960 --> 0:12:49.120 are primarily focused on engineering. And what did you major in, 0:12:49.840 --> 0:12:52.040 you know, what's today called material science? 0:12:52.520 --> 0:12:55.160 And I astribute that, Okay, I did. 0:12:55.000 --> 0:12:58.000 Okay, you know I had a chance to you know, 0:12:58.040 --> 0:13:03.200 I really got interested in computers and semiconductors through my degree, 0:13:03.280 --> 0:13:06.920 and so I really, you know, was motivated by what 0:13:07.000 --> 0:13:09.400 was happening in Silicon Valley. I literally wanted to be 0:13:09.559 --> 0:13:12.320 in the place where semi connectors were developed, and that's 0:13:12.360 --> 0:13:13.840 why I had a chance to come to Stanford. 0:13:14.000 --> 0:13:17.000 You went to Stanford get a master's degree in engineering. 0:13:17.360 --> 0:13:19.600 That's right, And did you get a scholarship or how 0:13:19.640 --> 0:13:20.440 to get you afford that? 0:13:20.840 --> 0:13:23.839 I mean, it was very fortunate to get a full scholarship. 0:13:24.720 --> 0:13:26.240 You know, I was a teaching assistant. 0:13:26.360 --> 0:13:28.520 Had you left the United had you left the India 0:13:28.520 --> 0:13:29.000 before that? 0:13:29.120 --> 0:13:29.840 Had you ever been. 0:13:29.679 --> 0:13:32.320 Out coming to the US was the first time I 0:13:32.360 --> 0:13:33.200 was ever on a plane? 0:13:33.920 --> 0:13:36.120 Okay, So you got your master's degree and then you 0:13:36.200 --> 0:13:38.040 went to Wharton to get your MBA. 0:13:38.280 --> 0:13:40.079 I had only seen the West coast. I wanted to 0:13:40.120 --> 0:13:41.160 see more of the US. 0:13:41.840 --> 0:13:46.079 I through fall, I came to the East coast, loved 0:13:46.080 --> 0:13:48.880 the seasons, so I just wanted to spend time back 0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:53.200 back east and so you know, it was also you know, 0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:56.000 my goal with it was to get exposed to you know, 0:13:56.679 --> 0:14:00.640 I had a deep engineering and scientific background, so chance 0:14:00.720 --> 0:14:02.640 to get exposed to other walks of life out does 0:14:02.640 --> 0:14:07.600 a business work, get exposed to people from finance, from economics, 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:09.160 and so that was all part of what I was 0:14:09.200 --> 0:14:09.600 looking for. 0:14:09.640 --> 0:14:11.480 So you got your MBA from Whorton, that's them. 0:14:11.520 --> 0:14:11.960 What did you do? 0:14:12.760 --> 0:14:12.960 You know? 0:14:13.600 --> 0:14:15.880 Pretty much very soon after that, I ended up at Google, 0:14:15.880 --> 0:14:18.520 but I spent a short time at mckinzi before that. 0:14:18.679 --> 0:14:20.560 Yeah, so are your parents alive. 0:14:21.200 --> 0:14:23.320 They are, and you know, I think they must be 0:14:23.360 --> 0:14:24.080 pretty proud of you. 0:14:24.080 --> 0:14:26.400 You're the CEO of Google and Alphabet that they call 0:14:26.440 --> 0:14:29.360 you all the time with advice or what do they do? 0:14:29.400 --> 0:14:29.840 You know? Both? 0:14:30.000 --> 0:14:32.760 You know, I'm fortunate. I'm very close to them. I 0:14:32.840 --> 0:14:37.800 see them almost every week. But my dad is you know, 0:14:37.920 --> 0:14:41.960 kind of it shows me amazingly. He's eighty two. He 0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:46.400 relentlessly reads everything about you know, he's tried to keep up. 0:14:46.680 --> 0:14:49.800 He's not a software engineered by training. But a few 0:14:49.880 --> 0:14:53.720 years ago you wanted to know what a API is, 0:14:53.880 --> 0:14:56.400 and he has learned it. So he tracks news closely, 0:14:56.560 --> 0:14:58.000 and so he just talked to me about it. 0:14:58.240 --> 0:15:01.640 Eighty two is young. The present United States is still young. 0:15:01.720 --> 0:15:04.520 There you go and your mother, you talked to her. 0:15:04.560 --> 0:15:08.200 All the time, and you know she's I got my 0:15:08.280 --> 0:15:11.000 love of reading from a very young age from from her. 0:15:11.400 --> 0:15:14.800 Due to financial circumstances, you know, she she was working 0:15:14.840 --> 0:15:17.600 as a stenographer. She stopped working to support the family. 0:15:18.440 --> 0:15:23.240 But you know she was a voracious reader, and that's 0:15:23.240 --> 0:15:24.760 where I got my love of reading from. 0:15:24.800 --> 0:15:28.280 And so and did you meet your wife at Wharton 0:15:28.480 --> 0:15:29.680 Stanford or where? 0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:30.280 Back? 0:15:30.360 --> 0:15:33.880 You know, we both went to I at Indian Industry 0:15:33.920 --> 0:15:36.320 of Technology. She was you know, at the time they 0:15:36.320 --> 0:15:38.600 were in that many women, So she was she was 0:15:38.640 --> 0:15:41.680 a pioneer in her own way of breaking through. And 0:15:41.720 --> 0:15:44.080 so I met my wife and undergraduate. 0:15:44.640 --> 0:15:46.560 Okay, and so now we're married. 0:15:46.600 --> 0:15:49.440 How long over twenty five years? Five years? And you 0:15:49.480 --> 0:15:51.320 have two children? Two children, that's right? 0:15:51.360 --> 0:15:54.080 And do they run around Silicon Valley bragging saying my 0:15:54.240 --> 0:15:56.560 father is the CEO of Google or they don't? 0:15:57.200 --> 0:15:59.160 Quite the contrary. I think, you know, they're trying to 0:15:59.200 --> 0:16:02.640 find their own boys. And you know, we hardly talk 0:16:02.680 --> 0:16:05.040 about my role or anything in the context of my family. 0:16:05.240 --> 0:16:07.400 Let's say you go at a restaurant Silicon Valley with 0:16:07.440 --> 0:16:09.920 your wife. Do people come up with resumes all the 0:16:09.960 --> 0:16:11.960 time or ideas for funding things? 0:16:11.960 --> 0:16:15.760 How does that work? Ah? Yeah? People less less that 0:16:15.880 --> 0:16:16.680 as part. 0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:18.720 You know, maybe people want to picture or want to 0:16:18.760 --> 0:16:21.920 say hello, and so that does happen, particularly in Silicon Valley, 0:16:23.120 --> 0:16:27.640 but you know, doesn't always happen. I've kept a reasonably 0:16:28.440 --> 0:16:29.760 private life, so that helps. 0:16:29.760 --> 0:16:33.600 I think, how do you avoid being sclerotic when you 0:16:33.640 --> 0:16:35.360 have a company that now has one hundred and eighty. 0:16:35.200 --> 0:16:36.320 Two thousand employees. 0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:39.400 How do you get innovative ideas to get to the 0:16:39.440 --> 0:16:41.040 top without bureaucracy killing it. 0:16:41.880 --> 0:16:45.320 Look, I think you have to enable uh, you know, 0:16:45.520 --> 0:16:48.040 you have to empower small teams to move fast and 0:16:48.080 --> 0:16:48.840 get things done. 0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:49.320 Right. 0:16:49.400 --> 0:16:52.600 You have your big products, they are constantly improving, and 0:16:52.640 --> 0:16:55.000 you have to make sure you're constantly investing in and 0:16:55.040 --> 0:16:59.040 innovating on our core products. But you have to allow 0:16:59.040 --> 0:17:02.400 in the system away for small teams to build new things, 0:17:02.760 --> 0:17:04.919 and sometimes you have to be deliberate about it. Early 0:17:04.960 --> 0:17:08.600 on at Google, we had a structure called Google Labs, 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:11.560 and you know, in which you could have small teams 0:17:11.560 --> 0:17:15.480 with resources to go build new things. We are doing 0:17:15.520 --> 0:17:17.959 that again now and we again have created a new 0:17:17.960 --> 0:17:20.520 Google Labs team, And just recently they launched a product 0:17:20.520 --> 0:17:23.320 called Google Notebook, in which you can go put a 0:17:23.320 --> 0:17:28.000 set of documents and then AI kind of learns it. 0:17:28.160 --> 0:17:30.480 You can ask questions, you can even tell it to 0:17:31.880 --> 0:17:35.639 summarize it as a podcast, conversational podcast back to you, right, 0:17:35.720 --> 0:17:38.960 and you know it's breadtaking if you use it. So, 0:17:39.040 --> 0:17:42.880 but these are entirely new product built from scratch. And 0:17:42.960 --> 0:17:46.320 so Google Photos was a product built from scratch too, 0:17:46.359 --> 0:17:50.800 So you have to empower small teams to move the 0:17:50.880 --> 0:17:53.760 velocity of a startup and cut through the processes you 0:17:53.800 --> 0:17:54.840 have in a large company. 0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:56.800 Let's talk about the company today. 0:17:56.920 --> 0:17:59.159 So, as I mentioned earlier, you have I think it's 0:17:59.160 --> 0:18:02.159 one hundred and eighty three one thousand employees, and the 0:18:02.240 --> 0:18:06.359 company has a market capitalization today of about two and 0:18:06.400 --> 0:18:07.360 a half trillion or something. 0:18:07.440 --> 0:18:09.920 Yeah, it's over two trillion dollars. Yeah, over two trillion dollars. 0:18:10.000 --> 0:18:13.159 So the market capitalization is doubled since you've been the CEO, 0:18:13.760 --> 0:18:16.080 and the stock prices more than doubled since you've been 0:18:16.080 --> 0:18:19.639 the CEO. So do you tell the founders, look, you've 0:18:19.680 --> 0:18:21.600 done a great job, and maybe they should give you 0:18:21.600 --> 0:18:22.960 a big piece of the company or something. 0:18:24.400 --> 0:18:28.080 I'm very fortunate to be compensated. Well, look, I think 0:18:28.960 --> 0:18:32.760 for me, Look, as a technologist, you know, I feel 0:18:32.840 --> 0:18:37.680 like I'm at the front friend, drow Of, you know, 0:18:37.840 --> 0:18:40.840 dreamt about things like AI for a long time. To 0:18:40.960 --> 0:18:44.439 actually see it getting built now and to see this 0:18:44.560 --> 0:18:47.560 transition play out in front of us, to me, you know, 0:18:47.560 --> 0:18:49.320 that's the most motivating thing I could ask for. 0:18:49.520 --> 0:18:51.720 I also know that Google in the early days had 0:18:51.800 --> 0:18:54.800 a policy of free food for its employees, and I 0:18:54.840 --> 0:18:56.680 sampled some of your free food at lunch today. 0:18:56.680 --> 0:18:59.840 It was very good. You obviously have to spend a 0:18:59.840 --> 0:19:00.320 lot of money. 0:19:00.320 --> 0:19:02.679 You've got one hundred and eighty two thousand employees, so 0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:05.840 giving them lunch or breakfast or dinner every day, or 0:19:05.840 --> 0:19:09.080 for many of them every day, you must have a calculation, says, 0:19:09.119 --> 0:19:11.439 are we spending this much on food? We're getting this 0:19:11.560 --> 0:19:14.960 much higher productivity? And how do you assess that? And 0:19:14.960 --> 0:19:16.960 why do you think other companies don't give away food 0:19:17.040 --> 0:19:17.800 as much as you do? 0:19:18.560 --> 0:19:20.919 Look quite the contrar I think in technology, if you 0:19:21.760 --> 0:19:24.000 go to the Bay Area, I think a set of 0:19:24.040 --> 0:19:26.480 things which Google has done as part of now standard 0:19:26.680 --> 0:19:31.400 modern workplaces in the area. But you know, people value 0:19:31.440 --> 0:19:37.640 in person collaboration to us. You know, I can recalled 0:19:37.720 --> 0:19:40.760 several times, you know, when I was working at Google 0:19:40.800 --> 0:19:45.320 early on, being in cafes, meeting someone else, talking, getting 0:19:45.359 --> 0:19:46.760 excited about something, and. 0:19:46.720 --> 0:19:48.679 So it sparks creativity, It creates a. 0:19:48.680 --> 0:19:53.280 Community, and I think the benefit that comes out of it, 0:19:53.359 --> 0:19:55.480 you know, far dwarfs. 0:19:55.040 --> 0:19:56.159 The costs associate with it. 0:19:56.200 --> 0:19:59.640 Google is regularly considered be one of the most favorable 0:19:59.640 --> 0:20:03.879