1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,400 Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:17,320 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm Tracy V. Wilson. Uh, Tracy, 4 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:19,160 Speaker 1: I have in the that we haven't really covered an 5 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:22,160 Speaker 1: iconic place in a while. Yeah, we talked a little 6 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,240 Speaker 1: about Griffith Park, but that was more about Griffith J. Griffith. Yeah. 7 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,200 Speaker 1: So I went through my list for one and I 8 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:30,639 Speaker 1: landed at Bodium Castle, which has been on there for 9 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,120 Speaker 1: a while. And I had to give the true confession 10 00:00:33,159 --> 00:00:36,600 Speaker 1: up front. There are people listening who might already know this. Uh, 11 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:38,600 Speaker 1: this castle came to my attention for sort of a 12 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: silly reason, and I'm gonna save that silly reason for 13 00:00:42,040 --> 00:00:46,000 Speaker 1: the end because it is a very small, silly reason 14 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:47,760 Speaker 1: and it doesn't really have anything to do with the 15 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:51,200 Speaker 1: castle's history. Uh. This castle is pretty unique in its 16 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: design and the extent to which the grounds surrounding it 17 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:57,400 Speaker 1: are all part of that design. And it is also 18 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: closely tied to the very turbulent ariad in England's history 19 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:04,520 Speaker 1: that runs from the Hundred Years War through the War 20 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:08,120 Speaker 1: of the Roses, including the Peasants Revolt, which may have 21 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:12,399 Speaker 1: influenced the castle's construction and how it was designed. It 22 00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:14,679 Speaker 1: is also tied to the lives of a lot of people, 23 00:01:14,720 --> 00:01:17,040 Speaker 1: as you might suspect for something that is this old. 24 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 1: But there is one man in particular, Sir Edward dallen Gridge, 25 00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: who is kind of synonymous with the castle, so it becomes, 26 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 1: at least in part, a story about his life. And 27 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:28,480 Speaker 1: what I really love is that this is one of 28 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 1: those cases where even in recent years, this medieval structure 29 00:01:32,360 --> 00:01:35,960 Speaker 1: has continued to yield some surprises. I know what the 30 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:41,920 Speaker 1: surprises are, and I'm really excited. They're very cool. Yeah. 31 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:45,759 Speaker 1: The location of the land that Bodiam Castle sits on 32 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: has a long history of being recognized as valuable. It 33 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 1: sits on the River Rother. That river runs roughly horizontally 34 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:57,559 Speaker 1: connecting East Sussex to the English Channel, kind of the 35 00:01:57,600 --> 00:02:00,320 Speaker 1: east to west situation, and it was valued because it 36 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:02,640 Speaker 1: was wide enough to be a trading river when the 37 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:06,600 Speaker 1: Romans invaded Britain in forty three. After the Romans, there 38 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:10,359 Speaker 1: were early English settlers in the region who probably named 39 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:13,960 Speaker 1: the place Bodha's Ham as an hamlet village, and then 40 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:17,840 Speaker 1: that name eventually morphed into Bodium. But the person whose 41 00:02:17,919 --> 00:02:20,920 Speaker 1: name is most closely associated with the castle, as we said, 42 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:25,800 Speaker 1: is Sir Edward dalen Gridge. Dalen Gridge was not in 43 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:28,960 Speaker 1: a good place to inherit in the birth order. He 44 00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: was the youngest son in his family. The family estate 45 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,480 Speaker 1: was going to pass to his older brothers. He was born, 46 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:39,400 Speaker 1: most likely in thirty six, to father Roger dalen Gridge 47 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:42,840 Speaker 1: and mother Alice Rattingdon. This was a point when the 48 00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 1: family was actually rising in position. Edward's grandfather John had 49 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:50,480 Speaker 1: married up, so to speak, when he wed Joana Lynde, 50 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 1: increasing the family's landholdings, and Roger had made a similar 51 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:58,360 Speaker 1: lucrative move when he married Alice. And his teen years 52 00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:02,359 Speaker 1: Edward dalen Gridge was already engaged as a soldier. His father, Roger, 53 00:03:02,480 --> 00:03:05,440 Speaker 1: was a knight under Queen Philippa, and in thirteen fifty 54 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:08,519 Speaker 1: nine Edward accompanied his father in service to the Earl 55 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:11,800 Speaker 1: of Arundel when their company went into France during a conflict. 56 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:15,480 Speaker 1: This was the start of a long career of military service, 57 00:03:15,600 --> 00:03:19,280 Speaker 1: and Edward became a knight in the thirteen sixties. Yeah, 58 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:20,920 Speaker 1: if you're doing the math there, that puts him at 59 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:24,280 Speaker 1: thirteen when he is going on these military missions with 60 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,840 Speaker 1: his father, which was in fact the case, although he 61 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:29,640 Speaker 1: didn't become knighted obviously until he was a little more adult. 62 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,880 Speaker 1: Just as his father and grandfather had bolstered the family 63 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:37,600 Speaker 1: fortune through marriage, Edward in turn married a woman from 64 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:41,000 Speaker 1: a more prosperous family than his own, that was Elizabeth Wardeux. 65 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:44,920 Speaker 1: Edward's marriage had been arranged by his father Roger, and 66 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: Elizabeth's father, John Ward, died in thirteen seventy seven. At 67 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:52,200 Speaker 1: this point, Edward came into possession of a number of 68 00:03:52,240 --> 00:03:56,280 Speaker 1: parcels of land, including a manner at bodium Um. You 69 00:03:56,320 --> 00:04:00,600 Speaker 1: will see different calculations of the size of the acreage 70 00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:03,280 Speaker 1: of the properties, because obviously those property lines don't really 71 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:06,720 Speaker 1: exist anymore. I have seen everything from seven hundred and 72 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:10,360 Speaker 1: fifty acres too far larger, So a lot of land. 73 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:14,160 Speaker 1: While the other real estate had various uses and Dalin 74 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:17,839 Speaker 1: Gridge eventually became one of the most wealthy landowners of 75 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:20,919 Speaker 1: his time. He decided that Bodium was going to be 76 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:23,520 Speaker 1: his home. He sold off a lot of his other 77 00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 1: inherited properties, gaining additional wealth, some of which was used 78 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:30,239 Speaker 1: to finance the work that he planned for the Bodium estate. 79 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:34,760 Speaker 1: He also purchased additional properties in Sussex to expand his 80 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:39,480 Speaker 1: land holdings near Bodium by an estimated hundred acres. In 81 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:42,760 Speaker 1: three he was granted a royal charter to hold an 82 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:46,040 Speaker 1: annual fair there as well as the weekly market. Yeah 83 00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:49,240 Speaker 1: he was just settling right in dalin Gridge is estimated 84 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:51,840 Speaker 1: to have been one of the wealthiest landowners in the area, 85 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:55,640 Speaker 1: and that wealth was augmented by annual payments made through 86 00:04:55,720 --> 00:04:59,799 Speaker 1: various agreements and patronages that were arranged during his military career, 87 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:04,640 Speaker 1: various diplomatic efforts, including forty pounds annually from the Duke 88 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: of Sussex In addition to knighthood, and a military career 89 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:11,919 Speaker 1: in which he participated in most of the major efforts 90 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,840 Speaker 1: against France, he had a variety of other jobs and titles, 91 00:05:15,920 --> 00:05:19,160 Speaker 1: including serving as Master Forrester for the lands of Edward, 92 00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:23,520 Speaker 1: Lord Despencer. He also represented Sussex in Parliament on nine 93 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:27,360 Speaker 1: occasions beginning in thirteen seventy nine, so in less than 94 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: a century the family had ascended to be wealthy as 95 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:34,800 Speaker 1: well as important in affairs of state. Initially, Podium was 96 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:37,799 Speaker 1: to be the site of just a manner home dalen 97 00:05:37,839 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: Gridge was still a night during this time. He wanted 98 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: a place to live. He'd also amassed a significant fortune 99 00:05:43,960 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: in his travels at war as well as through various 100 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:50,440 Speaker 1: appointments and associations. Plundering was kind of part of the 101 00:05:50,520 --> 00:05:53,360 Speaker 1: income package for Knights, and dalen Gridge had made the 102 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: most of this. It's believed that he profited from ransoming 103 00:05:56,640 --> 00:06:02,480 Speaker 1: captured captives a lot of time. Yeah, which sounds horrible, 104 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:05,880 Speaker 1: but was kind of business as usual for the the 105 00:06:06,040 --> 00:06:11,240 Speaker 1: setup um. Two years after his home was completed, England 106 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: found itself in an escalation of the conflict with France 107 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:18,400 Speaker 1: that threatened to approach Bodium manner. More than one thousand 108 00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:21,159 Speaker 1: French ships had amassed across the channel and it was 109 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 1: believed that they would soon attack sort of. So, uh, 110 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:28,080 Speaker 1: there's a little bit of debate here about how real 111 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 1: the threat actually was to Bodium and what really inspired 112 00:06:31,920 --> 00:06:33,800 Speaker 1: edwards next move, and we're going to get to that 113 00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:36,960 Speaker 1: in a moment. But what this threat meant, because there 114 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:41,800 Speaker 1: were French ships amassing across the channel, Uh, this meant 115 00:06:41,839 --> 00:06:45,000 Speaker 1: that the estate's home had to be fortified. But Edward 116 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:48,919 Speaker 1: Dallingridge opted to go a different route. He decided that 117 00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:51,960 Speaker 1: he was going to build an entirely new structure, a castle, 118 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:55,680 Speaker 1: rather than just augment the existing house. So it may 119 00:06:55,720 --> 00:06:58,240 Speaker 1: seem like there's kind of a head scratcher for some 120 00:06:58,279 --> 00:07:01,359 Speaker 1: folks here, because the main threat was the French crossing 121 00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:04,520 Speaker 1: the channel. But Bodium is not actually on the coast. 122 00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:07,040 Speaker 1: If you look at it on a map, the distance 123 00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: between it and Hastings Beach, which is almost immediately to 124 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:14,760 Speaker 1: the south, is roughly thirteen miles almost twenty one kilometers. 125 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: So presumably the thinking was that the French with land 126 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 1: and then advanced into England. Also, there's that river there 127 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:24,720 Speaker 1: that connects directly to the channel. Yeah, so there were 128 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 1: ways that France could have advanced fairly quickly to Bodium, 129 00:07:28,080 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: but it wasn't really in the immediate line of attack. 130 00:07:31,280 --> 00:07:34,679 Speaker 1: But Darling Gridge was also tasked by King Richard the Second, 131 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 1: who of course was very young still at this time, 132 00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:40,120 Speaker 1: to head the preparations for a possible invasion by the 133 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: French in Sussex. So he didn't just decide to fortify 134 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 1: strictly on his own, although it seems that the scope 135 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:49,640 Speaker 1: of the fortification was something that he had kind of 136 00:07:49,640 --> 00:07:53,040 Speaker 1: decided on when Chelsea, which sits at the point where 137 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:56,120 Speaker 1: the River Rother and the English Channel meet, was rated. 138 00:07:57,200 --> 00:07:59,080 Speaker 1: Once they crossed the channel, that was where they went. 139 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,400 Speaker 1: So this did seem to start to be very real. 140 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,640 Speaker 1: Dling Bridge had led the fortification process of Win She'll 141 00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:09,560 Speaker 1: see several years earlier in eight and also Rye beginning 142 00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:13,040 Speaker 1: in two, so he was a natural choice to give 143 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:17,000 Speaker 1: responsibility to when it came to making fortifications inland, and 144 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,880 Speaker 1: that of course would have extended to his own property. 145 00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:23,080 Speaker 1: The King gave his permission for the Bodium Castle project, 146 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 1: and that license was for fortification and crenelation, meaning that 147 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:31,080 Speaker 1: it was intended to augment the existing home. The exact 148 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:34,520 Speaker 1: phrasing regarding this was that he wasn't able to quote 149 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 1: strengthen with a wall of stone and lime and crenelate 150 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: and construct and make into a castle his manor house 151 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: at Bodium, which is Bodium near the sea in the 152 00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:49,679 Speaker 1: county of Sussex, for defense of the adjacent county and 153 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:53,640 Speaker 1: resistance to our enemies. So in choosing to build an 154 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:57,880 Speaker 1: entirely new structure about a kilometer away from the first 155 00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:00,960 Speaker 1: his manner home, it seems like this is maybe a 156 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:06,079 Speaker 1: broad interpretation of that document. When you hear historians talk 157 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:08,439 Speaker 1: about it or they write about it, crenelation is like 158 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:13,240 Speaker 1: the hot word, um, and this is something that continues 159 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:16,240 Speaker 1: to be debated. Right, So what exactly was the function 160 00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: and purpose of this castle and why did he make 161 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:22,760 Speaker 1: that choice? Rather than crenelation in its strict sense. But 162 00:09:22,920 --> 00:09:26,360 Speaker 1: all researchers have in terms of surviving paperwork is that 163 00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:31,000 Speaker 1: crenelation document, that permission document. The rest has been interpreted 164 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:33,880 Speaker 1: over the years based on the available evidence and what 165 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:36,640 Speaker 1: the castle actually turned out to be, and that means 166 00:09:36,679 --> 00:09:39,480 Speaker 1: that different people have had different theories about how the 167 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:42,800 Speaker 1: castle was conceived and used, and that's based largely on 168 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:45,600 Speaker 1: his floor plan. We'll get to some of that interpretation 169 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:56,800 Speaker 1: after we come back from a quick sponsor break. Give 170 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:59,360 Speaker 1: me recall if you're a regular listener, that we talked 171 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:02,680 Speaker 1: about what Tyler and the uprising of one on the 172 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:08,000 Speaker 1: podcast in June of That event, sometimes called the peasant Revolt, 173 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:10,840 Speaker 1: was the result of economic troubles that had been brewing 174 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,679 Speaker 1: for decades leading up to the point where poll taxes 175 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,760 Speaker 1: are being levied against the people of the country to 176 00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:20,920 Speaker 1: finance at least in part, the ongoing conflict with France. 177 00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:25,000 Speaker 1: So for someone like Dalin Gridge, who was very wealthy 178 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:28,320 Speaker 1: and who in his official duties, had helped put down 179 00:10:28,360 --> 00:10:32,479 Speaker 1: that rebellion, there was also a vested interest in protecting 180 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 1: his home and family, and that probably further informed his 181 00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:39,880 Speaker 1: decision to build a full fledged castle rather than just 182 00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 1: build onto his existing home. Also, there are some interpretations 183 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:47,520 Speaker 1: of the castle's design and structure that come to the 184 00:10:47,559 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: conclusion that more than offering protection from French forces or 185 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: any internal uprising, this construction may well have been built 186 00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:59,160 Speaker 1: for show and status. You just look at a picture, 187 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:02,800 Speaker 1: you can kind of see how folks might come to 188 00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:08,359 Speaker 1: that conclusion. Some of the fortifications don't seem all that robust, 189 00:11:08,559 --> 00:11:12,559 Speaker 1: such as the walls being relatively thin. So we'll now 190 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:16,440 Speaker 1: talk about the actual work on the castle. Yeah, I 191 00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:19,720 Speaker 1: read a cute I shouldn't say it's cute, it's scholarly work. 192 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:23,160 Speaker 1: But it was a fun discussion of how like look, 193 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:25,120 Speaker 1: he was kind of like neu Veau Reese and trying 194 00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:29,520 Speaker 1: to show everybody he was fancy. Um, that is one theory. 195 00:11:30,360 --> 00:11:33,880 Speaker 1: The construction of Bodium Castle was very different from most 196 00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:37,400 Speaker 1: others because it was conceived in its entirety and then 197 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:40,280 Speaker 1: built all at once. Uh. This is different than most 198 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:43,360 Speaker 1: examples of castles that we have because most were built 199 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:46,679 Speaker 1: in stages, either as needed doing something like that crenelation 200 00:11:46,800 --> 00:11:51,160 Speaker 1: that was discussed, or as funds were available. Also, you know, 201 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:54,240 Speaker 1: there are things that happened historically, like you know, ahead 202 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:57,559 Speaker 1: of family dying in their offspring, deciding how to proceed 203 00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:00,080 Speaker 1: with the design and how that changes it. But it 204 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:03,959 Speaker 1: as a consequence, Bodium has this rare distinction of being 205 00:12:04,040 --> 00:12:07,960 Speaker 1: really uniform in its appearance since it was also intended 206 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 1: to replace the manor home as the primary residence of 207 00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:15,040 Speaker 1: the estate. Bodium Castle is also unusual because the design 208 00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:18,920 Speaker 1: is for comfort as well as protection. It's emerging of 209 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:24,439 Speaker 1: strategic defensive design and domicile arrangement. The exterior structure is 210 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:27,840 Speaker 1: almost a perfect square, with round towers at the corners 211 00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:31,960 Speaker 1: of the square and smaller square towers along the walls 212 00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:35,120 Speaker 1: connecting the corners. The interior of the castle has not 213 00:12:35,240 --> 00:12:38,280 Speaker 1: been restored, but enough remains that the floor plan is 214 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:42,040 Speaker 1: possible to discern. There was a huge interior court within 215 00:12:42,080 --> 00:12:45,079 Speaker 1: the castle, and there were apartment areas that were separated 216 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:47,240 Speaker 1: off for the family's use. On the east side of 217 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: the building, with other areas that would have specifically been 218 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:53,960 Speaker 1: for staff. There was also a chapel and a grand hall. 219 00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:57,000 Speaker 1: It's kind of cool the way the bed chamber is designed. 220 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,360 Speaker 1: They would have been able to stand basically at window 221 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:02,560 Speaker 1: of their bed chamber and look into the chapels, so 222 00:13:02,559 --> 00:13:04,760 Speaker 1: they wouldn't have had to leave their room to to 223 00:13:04,960 --> 00:13:08,640 Speaker 1: have to be part of services. Uh. There was also 224 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: a buttery which I want to put in my house, 225 00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:13,439 Speaker 1: a pantry and a kitchen uh. And in the kitchen 226 00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: would have been to fireplaces. Those would have been kept 227 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,679 Speaker 1: going constantly year round to meet the various needs of 228 00:13:18,720 --> 00:13:21,960 Speaker 1: the castle. Most of the castle is two stories. The 229 00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:26,480 Speaker 1: towers are three in the northwest tower also included a prison. 230 00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:30,559 Speaker 1: The entire castle is built of sandstone ashlar, which was 231 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:34,760 Speaker 1: quarried about eleven miles from the site at Wadhurst. The 232 00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:38,199 Speaker 1: grounds were also landscaped while the castle was being constructed. 233 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:42,360 Speaker 1: The whole design was intended to be visually appealing as 234 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:45,280 Speaker 1: well as functional and at least in theory, able to 235 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 1: withstand battle and defend the inhabitants. The river was diverted 236 00:13:49,920 --> 00:13:52,440 Speaker 1: once again with a license from the King and a mill. 237 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:57,280 Speaker 1: Pond and mill were both created under Darrange's instructions. The 238 00:13:57,360 --> 00:14:02,560 Speaker 1: land surrounding the castle was entirely transformed. Researchers writing about 239 00:14:02,559 --> 00:14:06,679 Speaker 1: all the landscaping quote the castle and its moat thus 240 00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:11,040 Speaker 1: form the center of an elaborate modification of the whole landscape, 241 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:14,600 Speaker 1: involving the creation of a number of ponds and sheets 242 00:14:14,600 --> 00:14:19,160 Speaker 1: of water whose positioning has an ornamental impact. Yeah, definitely 243 00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:23,200 Speaker 1: designed to be pretty as well as a strong, at 244 00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:26,200 Speaker 1: least in theory. And in some cases these details that 245 00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:30,520 Speaker 1: created really a very picturesque estate were used in ways 246 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,360 Speaker 1: that may seem odd or off putting today. For example, 247 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:35,920 Speaker 1: there is, as Tracy just mentioned, a moat and that 248 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:39,280 Speaker 1: surrounds the entire castle structure. The moat is roughly a 249 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:42,320 Speaker 1: hundred and fifteen by a hundred and fifty five and 250 00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:44,840 Speaker 1: it is quite pretty, and when viewed from above, it 251 00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:48,520 Speaker 1: frames the castle fairly perfectly. The castle itself sits just 252 00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:51,320 Speaker 1: slightly south of the center of the frame that's created 253 00:14:51,320 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: by the moat. In the moat, which isn't exactly square, 254 00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:57,040 Speaker 1: it's more of a wedge shape, would naturally make it 255 00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 1: difficult to approach the castle on horseback. Were on foot 256 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: with any kind of strength, so to enter you would 257 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:06,560 Speaker 1: have to pass over a bridge and hit a small island, 258 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,120 Speaker 1: and then pass over another to get to a barbicane, 259 00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:13,680 Speaker 1: and once through that you could continue to the north gate. 260 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:16,640 Speaker 1: There was also a small back entrance on the south 261 00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:18,800 Speaker 1: wall of the gate, which also had to be approached 262 00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:23,440 Speaker 1: by bridge. But this protective moat was actually sort of gross, 263 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:27,000 Speaker 1: as moats often were, because it was used for sewage. 264 00:15:27,440 --> 00:15:30,360 Speaker 1: All the raw waste from the castle was dumped into it, 265 00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: and this undoubtedly made its smell horrifyingly bad, which justice 266 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,440 Speaker 1: speculation here might have also had a deterrent effect for 267 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:43,320 Speaker 1: any unwanted visitors, even for visitors who were expected and desired. 268 00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:46,120 Speaker 1: The moat and landscape and bridges that were used to 269 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:50,600 Speaker 1: actually get to the castle, had anyone approaching, turning and 270 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:54,200 Speaker 1: rounding the castle in ways that some researchers have theorized 271 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:58,240 Speaker 1: might have been attended to show off the grandness of 272 00:15:58,280 --> 00:16:00,720 Speaker 1: the building in the grounds. I like the idea you 273 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:04,080 Speaker 1: have the sort of exterior tour by the convoluted way 274 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:10,520 Speaker 1: of getting in there turned right at the island. Supporting 275 00:16:10,520 --> 00:16:13,920 Speaker 1: this whole idea is evidence of a garden structure built 276 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:16,600 Speaker 1: on a high ridge north of the castle, which would 277 00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:20,400 Speaker 1: have offered a spectacular view of the grounds. Also included 278 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 1: in the castle design were keyhole gun ports, which were 279 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:27,520 Speaker 1: not common in private residence castles and weren't really all 280 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:31,000 Speaker 1: that practical, but certainly would have let visitors know that 281 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: Dalen Gridge was aware of the latest trends and battlement design. 282 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:39,080 Speaker 1: My castle's fancy. Uh well, we don't have a lot 283 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: of information about is the construction process itself, or exactly 284 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:45,600 Speaker 1: how long it took for this castle to be completed. 285 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:48,840 Speaker 1: Based on records, it was done by the early or 286 00:16:48,920 --> 00:16:52,440 Speaker 1: mid nineties, so estimates put the construction time at less 287 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 1: than ten years, sometimes far less. But here's the thing. 288 00:16:55,720 --> 00:16:58,840 Speaker 1: For all of that work, the French never attacked Bodium. 289 00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:02,040 Speaker 1: In June d nine, while the castle was likely still 290 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:05,879 Speaker 1: under construction. The Truce of Lullingham ended the second phase 291 00:17:05,920 --> 00:17:09,480 Speaker 1: of the Hundred Years War. In thirteen Dallen Gridge was 292 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:11,760 Speaker 1: made a member of the King's Council. That was a 293 00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:14,840 Speaker 1: role in which he served until thirteen ninety three, and 294 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:17,080 Speaker 1: as part of his duties, he went to France again, 295 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:21,680 Speaker 1: this time to survey defenses in Calais and overlapping duty 296 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:24,320 Speaker 1: was also given him when he was made Keeper of 297 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:28,560 Speaker 1: London in June of two uh That duty was taken 298 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,200 Speaker 1: from him the following months because he was determined to 299 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:33,120 Speaker 1: be too lenient. This is when there was a lot 300 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:38,200 Speaker 1: of unrest going on in London and Dally Gridge died 301 00:17:38,359 --> 00:17:41,679 Speaker 1: somewhere between this point where that job was rescinded and 302 00:17:41,840 --> 00:17:44,600 Speaker 1: the spring of thirteen ninety four when he is listed 303 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:48,600 Speaker 1: in records as deceased. That would put him somewhere around 304 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:51,639 Speaker 1: forty seven years old, so he barely had time to 305 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:56,240 Speaker 1: enjoy his grand castle and grounds. Bodium Castle remained in 306 00:17:56,280 --> 00:17:59,920 Speaker 1: the ownership of Sir Edward dalling Gridge's descendants, but eventually 307 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:03,480 Speaker 1: there were no dallen Grids left and the castle was 308 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:06,320 Speaker 1: gained by the Lukener family in marriage. That was in 309 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:09,840 Speaker 1: the mid fourteen hundreds. The Wars of the Roses would 310 00:18:09,880 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: be the next pivotal historical events in the story of 311 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: the castle, because Sir Thomas Luchner was on the Lancastrian 312 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:19,960 Speaker 1: side of the war, the opposite side of Richard the Third. 313 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:24,719 Speaker 1: The King ordered an attack on Bodian and the castle 314 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:28,199 Speaker 1: was surrendered. There is actually a pretty decent likelihood that 315 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:32,719 Speaker 1: no real attack took place here, that the Lukeners surrendered 316 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: before there was any violence at all. When Richard the 317 00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:38,040 Speaker 1: third was killed at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry 318 00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: the seventh took the throne, the castle was returned to 319 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:44,119 Speaker 1: the Lukener family, and it remained a Lukener property until 320 00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:47,399 Speaker 1: the mid sixteen hundreds. At the end of that line, 321 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:49,879 Speaker 1: the estate was divvied up and it passed through a 322 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:53,119 Speaker 1: number of hands. During the period from the mid fifteen 323 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: hundreds to the eighteen hundreds, lots of different people owned Bodium, 324 00:18:56,560 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: but nobody actually lived there. The castle was unfortunately uncared for, 325 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:04,280 Speaker 1: and it fell into ruin. None of its owners seemed 326 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:07,000 Speaker 1: to really pay much of any attention to the structure 327 00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:10,199 Speaker 1: in any meaningful way, and so it was purchased by 328 00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:15,200 Speaker 1: politician John Fuller in eight although it had attracted tourists 329 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:18,199 Speaker 1: before then. We're going to talk about Fuller's plans for 330 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: the once grand structure in just a moment, but before 331 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:22,919 Speaker 1: we do, we'll take a break and hear from the 332 00:19:22,960 --> 00:19:25,480 Speaker 1: sponsors that keep stuff you missed in history class going. 333 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,679 Speaker 1: So we talked right before the break about John Fuller 334 00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:40,320 Speaker 1: acquiring Bodium Castle, and Fuller and the next two owners 335 00:19:40,400 --> 00:19:45,080 Speaker 1: all shared a vision of restoration for Bodium. Under Fuller's ownership, 336 00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:48,320 Speaker 1: tower repair began as well as the restoration of the 337 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:50,920 Speaker 1: main gate, but he only had it for twenty years 338 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:53,679 Speaker 1: before he died, so they didn't get super far. In 339 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:56,560 Speaker 1: eighteen forty nine, the castle and property were purchased by 340 00:19:56,560 --> 00:20:00,000 Speaker 1: George Cubitt, who wished to continue the restoration that Fuller 341 00:20:00,119 --> 00:20:03,600 Speaker 1: had begun, and Cuba actually had the site surveyed before 342 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:05,880 Speaker 1: picking the work back up because he wanted to approach 343 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,720 Speaker 1: things a bit more methodically. In nineteen seventeen, the Bodium 344 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:12,719 Speaker 1: Castle was purchased by Lord Curzon, who was a British 345 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,879 Speaker 1: statesman and served as Viceroy of India from eight to 346 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 1: nineteen o five. He had a general interest in the 347 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:24,679 Speaker 1: restoration of historic buildings and he managed to get Bodiam Castle, 348 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:28,320 Speaker 1: which he had tried to purchase from George Cuba after 349 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:31,560 Speaker 1: Cuba passed and his son sold it. Yeah, Lord Curzon 350 00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:33,840 Speaker 1: could be his own episode and maybe one day will 351 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:37,120 Speaker 1: It will be in parts interesting and terrifying and frustrating. 352 00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:42,040 Speaker 1: But Curzon invested in having the moat partially drained and 353 00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:44,719 Speaker 1: that revealed some of the old bridge structures of the castle. 354 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,800 Speaker 1: He also had much of the overgrowth cleared it had 355 00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:52,199 Speaker 1: kind of been swallowed by plant life in many regards 356 00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:55,920 Speaker 1: um and he rebuilt and restored some of the crumbled ruins, 357 00:20:55,960 --> 00:21:00,640 Speaker 1: along with Scottish architect William Weir overseeing the project. Curzon 358 00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:03,440 Speaker 1: also had a cottage built on the ground separate from 359 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:06,080 Speaker 1: the castle, for a caretaker to live in and for 360 00:21:06,119 --> 00:21:10,119 Speaker 1: a small museum to be installed. Lord Curzon donated the 361 00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:14,000 Speaker 1: castle to the National Trust in when he died, and 362 00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:17,560 Speaker 1: it has remained under that entities ownership in the almost 363 00:21:17,680 --> 00:21:22,080 Speaker 1: hundred years since. The restored castle eventually became a Grade 364 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:25,639 Speaker 1: one listed building. That designation means that it's considered to 365 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:30,440 Speaker 1: have historical significance and be of exceptional interest. During World 366 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:33,080 Speaker 1: War Two, a pill box bunker was built on the 367 00:21:33,080 --> 00:21:37,120 Speaker 1: grounds at Bodium Castle as defense to guard against possible 368 00:21:37,160 --> 00:21:40,880 Speaker 1: German invasion, which of course, thankfully did not happen. Throughout 369 00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:43,320 Speaker 1: its time and under the care of the National Trust, 370 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,479 Speaker 1: there have been various restoration projects for the castle and 371 00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:50,600 Speaker 1: the grounds. The entire moat was drained in nineteen seventy 372 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: when excavations were undertaken, and these excavations were necessitated in 373 00:21:55,640 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 1: part by some really treacherous conditions that were threatening to 374 00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:01,960 Speaker 1: take out some of the some of the walls surrounding 375 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:05,159 Speaker 1: the moat, unsurprising given that this was the hundreds of 376 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:07,280 Speaker 1: year old castle that had not been really maintained in 377 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,160 Speaker 1: this way. The conditions were caused also by tree growth. 378 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:14,840 Speaker 1: Careful excavation revealed that the wall was actually in better 379 00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:18,160 Speaker 1: shape than expected, and researchers were able to see and 380 00:22:18,200 --> 00:22:22,240 Speaker 1: record Mason's marks in the stones. We'll talk more about 381 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:26,320 Speaker 1: the Mason's marks in just a second. In continuing examinations 382 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: of the land and its waterways through the nineteen eighties, 383 00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:32,560 Speaker 1: researchers looked at the water features of the landscape to 384 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:36,440 Speaker 1: try to determine when various versions of them had been changed, 385 00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:39,359 Speaker 1: as well as which of them were actually naturally occurring, 386 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:43,520 Speaker 1: and also together just any other additional details that they could. 387 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:47,280 Speaker 1: One pond, known as the tilt Yard might be a 388 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:51,160 Speaker 1: remodeled version of the original mill pond that Dalin Gridge 389 00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:54,320 Speaker 1: had installed. Other ponds on the land are believed to 390 00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:57,560 Speaker 1: have been used to dispose of waste that had accumulated 391 00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:01,520 Speaker 1: in the moat and was dredged out. Uh So, when 392 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:05,119 Speaker 1: you think about the romantic ideas we have about castle 393 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:11,639 Speaker 1: to over time, various marks and inscriptions have been observed 394 00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:14,640 Speaker 1: and cataloged around the castle, and some of these are 395 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:18,120 Speaker 1: obviously pretty modern ish, believed to have been left there 396 00:23:18,160 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: between the eighteenth and early nineteen centuries. These are mostly 397 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:24,280 Speaker 1: cases of people carving their names. You will find the 398 00:23:24,359 --> 00:23:28,679 Speaker 1: names Hoggins, James Brian, and Lady Tompkin at various places 399 00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:32,200 Speaker 1: in the castle, but other marks are much much older. 400 00:23:32,880 --> 00:23:35,560 Speaker 1: Some of them are simply part of the castle's construction. 401 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:40,040 Speaker 1: There are symbols that are sometimes called bankers marks. The 402 00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:43,320 Speaker 1: mason's working on the castle would leave these in the 403 00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:46,879 Speaker 1: stones that they laid, because they were paid by the stone. 404 00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:50,399 Speaker 1: As each man left his mark, that let the master 405 00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:54,440 Speaker 1: mason easily count how many stones had been laid and 406 00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:58,680 Speaker 1: by whom, and pay everyone accordingly. But among the more 407 00:23:58,680 --> 00:24:01,359 Speaker 1: than eight hundred carving that have been cataloged in the 408 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:04,560 Speaker 1: time the National Trust has managed the estate, some remained 409 00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:08,480 Speaker 1: a little bit more elusive in their meanings. In the 410 00:24:08,520 --> 00:24:11,680 Speaker 1: Trust hired a medieval graffiti expert. I love that that's 411 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:15,240 Speaker 1: a job to make a thorough examination and analysis of 412 00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:19,000 Speaker 1: the inscriptions. That was Matt Champion who was brought onto 413 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: the project, which was part of a larger survey of 414 00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:26,560 Speaker 1: additional locations around the area. So that was done in 415 00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:30,639 Speaker 1: cooperation with the wind Chelsea Archaeological Society, the University of 416 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:34,920 Speaker 1: Southampton and the Museum of London Archaeology Department, and there 417 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:40,000 Speaker 1: were some surprising discoveries. First, Champion was able to identify 418 00:24:40,040 --> 00:24:42,680 Speaker 1: each of the mason's marks and make a pretty good 419 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:45,600 Speaker 1: estimate of the size of the team that was employed 420 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:48,800 Speaker 1: on the project. It appears that there were six bankers 421 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:52,639 Speaker 1: masons langstone work for the things like the external walls, 422 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:55,919 Speaker 1: and three fine mason's. Those are experts who did the 423 00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:59,440 Speaker 1: detail work that sometimes included things like carving. There's the 424 00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:01,679 Speaker 1: folks that were down the castle, which then makes it 425 00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:05,040 Speaker 1: even more amazing how quickly it went up. But the 426 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:10,120 Speaker 1: real surprise we're the witch marks. Almost every single window 427 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,080 Speaker 1: and entrance to the castle has some sort of mark 428 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:16,560 Speaker 1: like this, and they generally look like a compass inside 429 00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:19,959 Speaker 1: a circle or sometimes a pentagram, and these are believed 430 00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:22,760 Speaker 1: to have been placed near entrances in order to keep 431 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:26,879 Speaker 1: evil from entering the castle. Adding a level of complexity 432 00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:28,840 Speaker 1: here is the fact that some of these were made 433 00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:33,240 Speaker 1: during construction, but others clearly came later, although dating them 434 00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 1: exactly is a little bit difficult. But since the French 435 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:39,920 Speaker 1: army didn't invade, and it seems that Bodium has probably 436 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: avoided any violent attack, maybe they worked. Really though, while 437 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: the name witch marks sounds kind of thrilling, really these 438 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:50,600 Speaker 1: are essentially prayers carved into the masonry, and they offer 439 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:53,280 Speaker 1: historians a peak at the values of the people in 440 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,680 Speaker 1: the fourteenth century and beyond and the words of Champion quote. 441 00:25:56,720 --> 00:26:00,480 Speaker 1: The collection of ritual protection marks that Bodium Castle is 442 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:03,320 Speaker 1: not only significant for the site, but for the wider 443 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:08,520 Speaker 1: field of study. Some were undoubtedly created during the construction process, 444 00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:12,520 Speaker 1: whilst others could only have been created subsequently, showing the 445 00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:17,560 Speaker 1: importance religion continued to play throughout the Middle Ages. Um. 446 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:19,280 Speaker 1: One of the things I love about some of these 447 00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:23,040 Speaker 1: marks is that they are these like intricate carve designs 448 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:28,080 Speaker 1: and the idea that the spirit would get stuck in there. Yes, yes, 449 00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:30,919 Speaker 1: it's a little bit. It hearkens back to the Ruguru right, 450 00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:34,280 Speaker 1: like make something just complex enough that the dangerous thing 451 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,960 Speaker 1: will get wadded up in the details of one way 452 00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:42,040 Speaker 1: or another, okay, form a movie Buffs in the Crowd. 453 00:26:42,119 --> 00:26:44,560 Speaker 1: Here is the very silly reason that I knew about 454 00:26:44,560 --> 00:26:48,159 Speaker 1: this castle. It's exterior was used in the film Monty 455 00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:51,359 Speaker 1: Python and the Holy Grail. So that shot that you 456 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: see of the exterior of Swamp Castle. The fourth castle, 457 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:58,760 Speaker 1: the one that survived, that is Bodium Castle. That one 458 00:26:58,800 --> 00:27:04,600 Speaker 1: stayed up. It did. It did, even though UH the 459 00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:06,760 Speaker 1: Air did not want to inherit it, but only wanted 460 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:13,440 Speaker 1: to sing. Bodium Castle is open to visitors, although as 461 00:27:13,480 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 1: of this recording there are some limits in place because 462 00:27:16,040 --> 00:27:20,399 Speaker 1: of COVID restrictions. Outdoor spaces are currently available, but not 463 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:23,600 Speaker 1: the indoor areas. There's a cafe on site that's offering 464 00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:26,359 Speaker 1: takeout snacks, and so if you're considering a visit, you 465 00:27:26,359 --> 00:27:29,320 Speaker 1: do need to book in advance, so check the availability 466 00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:32,639 Speaker 1: and the restrictions ahead of time. Do you have some 467 00:27:32,800 --> 00:27:38,520 Speaker 1: listener mail? I do? I do. This is another email 468 00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:42,640 Speaker 1: that we have gotten about color vision deficiency. We've gotten 469 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,720 Speaker 1: some good ones we have. It's it's a little bit 470 00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:48,280 Speaker 1: interesting because it's one of those cases I feel like 471 00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:52,399 Speaker 1: UH in instances where we have an episode and it 472 00:27:52,480 --> 00:27:55,879 Speaker 1: generates a lot of listener feedback. It's usually one of 473 00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:58,560 Speaker 1: a few things, like one, it's a contentious issue with 474 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:01,560 Speaker 1: a lot of people, how having different opinions, or maybe 475 00:28:01,600 --> 00:28:03,919 Speaker 1: they didn't like how we treated something, or they're just like, 476 00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:07,240 Speaker 1: thank goodness someone's talking about this, or often I feel 477 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:09,440 Speaker 1: like we'll talk about something and there's a whole group 478 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:13,240 Speaker 1: of people that's like I feel seen um and I 479 00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:15,560 Speaker 1: kind of feel like this is the scoop with the 480 00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:20,800 Speaker 1: color vision deficiency um our. Listener Dana wrote in she 481 00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:24,160 Speaker 1: self identifies this color blind in her subject line and writes, high, 482 00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:26,239 Speaker 1: Holly and Tracy, I love the podcast and I've been 483 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:30,120 Speaker 1: listening for years. Your recent episode on John Dalton's color 484 00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:33,000 Speaker 1: vision was extremely fascinating to me as I am a 485 00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:36,359 Speaker 1: female with green due to an opia color blindness, and 486 00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:39,320 Speaker 1: often find it hard to describe to people what I see, 487 00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:43,040 Speaker 1: like John Dalton. I also didn't find this out until 488 00:28:43,160 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 1: later in life, as I was in my senior year 489 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,480 Speaker 1: of high school. Despite needing glasses since I was ten 490 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,680 Speaker 1: and multiple vision exams, the standard color vision testing at 491 00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:54,760 Speaker 1: the eye doctor is a very distinct red and green 492 00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:57,960 Speaker 1: e which I can easily see as you described from 493 00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:01,160 Speaker 1: your research, it is often, though not always, a decreased 494 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: ability to see the color in question, and not a 495 00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:06,920 Speaker 1: complete absence of the color. How I found out was 496 00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:10,640 Speaker 1: in calculus class. The textbook had an Ashara dot test, 497 00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:12,840 Speaker 1: and my peers were all talking about what they saw. 498 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:16,600 Speaker 1: When I looked, I saw something completely different, which then 499 00:29:16,640 --> 00:29:18,640 Speaker 1: shocked all of us, and we had to stop class 500 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:20,920 Speaker 1: for everyone to hold up every color they could find 501 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,720 Speaker 1: to see if I saw the same as them. Had 502 00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,440 Speaker 1: it not been for Calculus, I don't know when I 503 00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:27,960 Speaker 1: would have ever found out. Since then, I now have 504 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:30,280 Speaker 1: a son who also has the same color deficiency as 505 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:32,480 Speaker 1: I do. We've even had his color vision tested with 506 00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,400 Speaker 1: that same dot test. Most people do not know that 507 00:29:35,480 --> 00:29:37,480 Speaker 1: I have this. My husband does, and it's often a 508 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:39,560 Speaker 1: joke at our house and some of our close friends. 509 00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:41,800 Speaker 1: But I do not enjoy being in the spotlight of it, 510 00:29:41,840 --> 00:29:44,160 Speaker 1: and I don't like spending thirty plus minutes every time 511 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:46,640 Speaker 1: I do share it explaining to people that yes, I 512 00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:49,719 Speaker 1: can see stoplights. So I don't tell people often, and 513 00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:51,400 Speaker 1: now when I do tell them, I'll just send them 514 00:29:51,440 --> 00:29:54,280 Speaker 1: to your podcast instead of explaining it all, and hopefully 515 00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:56,720 Speaker 1: they'll stop holding up every color of the six or 516 00:29:56,800 --> 00:29:59,680 Speaker 1: seven if you ask Dalton colored rainbow for me to 517 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:02,160 Speaker 1: check for them. Ha ha ha. Thank you for all your 518 00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:04,800 Speaker 1: hard work and the research eating for the podcast. I 519 00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:07,480 Speaker 1: love this. It is interesting, right you. That's one of 520 00:30:07,480 --> 00:30:09,800 Speaker 1: those cases where I feel like there's a lesson here 521 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,320 Speaker 1: of like, I love when people are curious, and I 522 00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:15,880 Speaker 1: have done this before, so I'm not. Um, I'm not 523 00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:19,240 Speaker 1: calling anybody out or trying to be critical of anyone. 524 00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:22,160 Speaker 1: When you find out someone is different from you and 525 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:24,880 Speaker 1: you're super interested and you want to ask a cajillion questions, 526 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,920 Speaker 1: but it's worth considering if that person has answered those 527 00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:35,000 Speaker 1: cajillion questions in their lives. Yeah. So, um, it's a lesson. 528 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:37,360 Speaker 1: I always need to be reminded of that. It's sometimes 529 00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:39,760 Speaker 1: easier instead of going how do you see this? Or 530 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:41,920 Speaker 1: how do you understand this? Or how does your culture 531 00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:44,000 Speaker 1: do this? You could go, hey, is there a good 532 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:47,000 Speaker 1: resource you could point me to where I could learn 533 00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:49,400 Speaker 1: more about this? Unless someone really wants to share it all, 534 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:52,160 Speaker 1: in which case it's cool. But always please be respectful 535 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,200 Speaker 1: of people's time when trying to understand what is different 536 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,800 Speaker 1: about their life from yours. Sure, yeah, yeah, my mom 537 00:30:58,920 --> 00:31:01,200 Speaker 1: used to have a thing program into her speech generating 538 00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:04,160 Speaker 1: device that would she could just hit one button and 539 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:09,240 Speaker 1: it would explain the whole thing. That is smart because 540 00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:14,400 Speaker 1: I'm sure there's been a kigelion of those. Um. Yeah, 541 00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:16,960 Speaker 1: and usually I mean again, I don't want to make 542 00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:19,040 Speaker 1: anybody feel bad. That usually comes from a very good 543 00:31:19,040 --> 00:31:22,760 Speaker 1: place of wanting to like understand and connect, but it 544 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:26,000 Speaker 1: can be a bit labor intensive for the person who 545 00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,000 Speaker 1: has to do the work of explaining it to everyone 546 00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:30,960 Speaker 1: who doesn't understand. Um. So thank you, thank you, thank 547 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:34,360 Speaker 1: you for Danta for writing us, because it offered that 548 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:37,520 Speaker 1: that moment both to remind myself and anyone else who 549 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:39,800 Speaker 1: cares to to think about it in those terms that 550 00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: it's always good to give people the option to point 551 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:45,760 Speaker 1: you towards a resource or just tell you to go 552 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:48,480 Speaker 1: to the library. Um, when libraries are a thing, go 553 00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:52,360 Speaker 1: to your online library, search it. See if your library 554 00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:56,640 Speaker 1: has a really handy no contact pickup, which mind does 555 00:31:56,720 --> 00:32:00,200 Speaker 1: and it's great. Yeah. Um, So thank you, thank you, 556 00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:02,040 Speaker 1: thank you. If you would like to write to us, 557 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:04,800 Speaker 1: you can do that at History Podcast at iHeart radio 558 00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:07,040 Speaker 1: dot com. You can also find us on social media 559 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:10,160 Speaker 1: as missed in History and if you want to subscribe 560 00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:12,280 Speaker 1: to the podcast and you haven't gotten around to that yet, 561 00:32:12,360 --> 00:32:14,840 Speaker 1: also no criticism there, but it's super easy if you'd 562 00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: like to, you can do that on the I heart 563 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:19,160 Speaker 1: Radio app, at Apple Podcasts, or wherever it is you listen. 564 00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:27,000 Speaker 1: Stuff you Missed in History Class is a production of 565 00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:30,240 Speaker 1: I heart Radio. For more podcasts from I heart Radio, 566 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:33,440 Speaker 1: visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 567 00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:35,040 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.