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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio hi um Eves Welcome to This Day in

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Speaker 1: History Class, a show that reveals a little bit more

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Speaker 1: about history day by day. Today is made thirteen. The

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Speaker 1: day was made thirtieth, nineteen fifty three. Just before midday,

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Speaker 1: Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Nepoli Sherpa Tenzing Norgay

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Speaker 1: reached the summit of Mount Everest, the highest point above

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Speaker 1: global means sea level. The pair became the first recorded

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Speaker 1: people to summit the mountain, and since then thousands of

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Speaker 1: people have attempted to climb Everest. Mount Everest is located

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Speaker 1: in the Himalayas in Nepal in Tibet, is the highest

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Speaker 1: mountain on Earth above sea level. The climb to the

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Speaker 1: top of the mountain is extremely challenging and dangerous. Oxygen

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Speaker 1: levels are low at the summit, and the weather is

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Speaker 1: cold and unpredictable. The first recorded attempt to climb out

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Speaker 1: Everest happened in nineteen one, when a British expedition tricked

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Speaker 1: miles across the Tibetan plateau to the bottom of the mountain.

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Speaker 1: They had to cut their climbs short when a storm

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Speaker 1: broke out, but mountaineer George Lee Mallory was determined to

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Speaker 1: complete the climb. Mallory, along with George Finch and Jeffrey Bruce,

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Speaker 1: took a shot at the climb the next year, but

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Speaker 1: did not make it to the top. Later in ninet

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Speaker 1: Mallory attempted to summit Everest again, but the climb ended

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Speaker 1: in disaster when several sharpers died in an avalanche. Two

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Speaker 1: years later, climber Edward Norton approached the summit without using

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Speaker 1: artificial oxygen, setting a world altitude record but not reaching

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Speaker 1: the top. That same year, Mallory and climber Andrew Irvine

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Speaker 1: sent off on an attempt to reach the summit, but

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Speaker 1: the two were never seen alive again, and Mallory's body

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Speaker 1: was found on the mountain. In nineteen more people attempted

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Speaker 1: to summit Everest via Tibet and then Nepal. The north

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Speaker 1: route up Everest through Tibet was closed and Nepaul only

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Speaker 1: allowed one trip from the south annually. Britain had DIBs

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Speaker 1: on nineteen fifty three, France was set for nineteen fifty four,

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Speaker 1: in Switzerland for nineteen fifty five. In nineteen fifty two, Tensig,

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Speaker 1: Nor Gay and Raymond Lambert attempted the feet and made

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Speaker 1: it to just below the South summit, but they had

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Speaker 1: to turn around for supplies. The next year, a British

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Speaker 1: expedition under the command of Colonel John Hunt was put together.

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Speaker 1: New Zealander's Edmund Hillary and George Lowe, as well as

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Speaker 1: Sherpa Tenzi Norgay, were part of the expedition. The climbers

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Speaker 1: had specially equipped clothing, radio equipment, and oxygen systems. The

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Speaker 1: team had brought three hundred and sixty two porters, twenty sherpas,

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Speaker 1: and ten thousand pounds of luggage. On March tent the

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Speaker 1: nineteen fifty three British Everest expedition set out from Catman

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Speaker 1: Do in April and May. They ascended the mountain on

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Speaker 1: the night of May nine. Hillary and Norgay, the second

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Speaker 1: assault team, prepared for the climb to the summit. Tensing

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Speaker 1: had made six summit attempts before this one. Their oxygen

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Speaker 1: supply was short and the pair would have to do

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Speaker 1: with three liters a minute rather than the four they

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Speaker 1: had planned for. They ate sardines, jam and honey, and

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Speaker 1: drank hot water with women. By six thirty in the morning.

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Speaker 1: On mat Hillary and Norgay left camp for the summit

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Speaker 1: in negative seventeen degree fahrenheit weather with two twenty pounds

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Speaker 1: cylinders of oxygen, one of which was only partially filled.

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Speaker 1: By nine in the morning, they reached the South summit

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Speaker 1: and at eleven thirty a m. The two became the

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Speaker 1: first to some at Mount Everest. Hillary took three photos

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Speaker 1: of his climbing partner and laid down across Tensing left

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Speaker 1: some sweets at the top of the mountain. They made

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Speaker 1: their way back down to camp fifteen minutes after they

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Speaker 1: reached the summit. Queen Elizabeth the second night at Hillary

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Speaker 1: for the achievement. Norgay received the British Empire Medal for

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Speaker 1: the feat. Hillary went on more adventures, including to the

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Speaker 1: North and South Poles. He established the Himalayan Trust and

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Speaker 1: assisted Sherpas in Nepal. Norgay became the first director of

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Speaker 1: Field Training of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in Arjeeling and

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Speaker 1: later founded a trekking inventure company. The effects climbers have

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Speaker 1: on Mount Everest in the environment, as well as the

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Speaker 1: danger of conditions on Everest for climbers, remains a topic

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Speaker 1: of debate. I'm Eves jeffco and hopefully you know a

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Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. And

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Speaker 1: as an addition, no note, there has been controversy over

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Speaker 1: whether nor Gay and Hillary were really the first to

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Speaker 1: get to the summit. Some say that Andrew Irvine and

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Speaker 1: George Mallory made it to the top on their fatal

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Speaker 1: climb and just did not make it back down. Thank

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Speaker 1: you for joining me today. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram,

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Speaker 1: and Facebook at T d I h C podcast And

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Speaker 1: if you are interested in learning more about history, you

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Speaker 1: podcast hosted by me that's about people who took a

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Speaker 1: stand against the status quo to create meaningful change. You

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