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Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor production of I Heart Radio.

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Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese and I'm more in Vocal Bom and

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Speaker 1: today we have a classic episode for you about peanut butter.

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Speaker 1: Oh wow. I mean, if you want to hear me

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Speaker 1: fan girl out about a food, this, this is it.

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Speaker 1: I love that so many of you, especially people who

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Speaker 1: are kind of new to the show, will write in

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Speaker 1: and say like, oh, I also love peanut butter. Here's

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Speaker 1: my favorite type of peanut butter. Yeah, sending me peanut

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Speaker 1: butter updates. It's thank you from the bottom of my heart.

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Speaker 1: From the bottom of my heart, thank you. And and

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Speaker 1: this is high key why I was thinking about this

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Speaker 1: episode right now because of Valentine's Day is upon us,

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Speaker 1: um as the marketing and advertising world is relentlessly reminding

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Speaker 1: me right now. Um. I don't know if all y'all know.

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Speaker 1: No matter whether I'm like, no matter what kind of

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Speaker 1: relationship status I'm in, I am so um overwhelmed and

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Speaker 1: offended by by Valentine's Day marketing m because because to me,

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Speaker 1: I think of that um, that oglof comic that's like

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Speaker 1: happy obligation Day. Like you might have romance other times,

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Speaker 1: but it's obligated. Now, it's true. It's just got a

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Speaker 1: lot attached to it that doesn't need to be attached.

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Speaker 1: Just a chill thing that you enjoy. That's yes, that's

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Speaker 1: the vibe. That is that should be the vibe. And

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Speaker 1: and I got a little left track there, but bringing

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Speaker 1: it back and uh, your love for peanut butter is

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Speaker 1: so pure, and so that's what I wanted to bring

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Speaker 1: into your ears today, dear listeners. Yes, well, thank you.

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Speaker 1: It is. It is like one of the love of

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Speaker 1: my lives. As I like that, I accidentally typoed you.

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Speaker 1: I have multiple lives, everybody, and every one of them

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Speaker 1: peanut butter is key. Yeah, it is something that I

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Speaker 1: just like, I mean, like just even thinking about it,

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Speaker 1: I'm getting so excited. But I love peanut butter and

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Speaker 1: it is a treat for me. Um, even though I

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Speaker 1: have so many jars. Still, uh, it's still a treat.

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Speaker 1: And it is like in a lot of candy that

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Speaker 1: I think it's sold around Bouncin's Day. So I think

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Speaker 1: it's like it's working on multiple levels. Okay, great, great, yeah, yeah.

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Speaker 1: Originally this episode is from June of eighteen, and uh,

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Speaker 1: we we actually got to go in the fall of

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Speaker 1: twenty nineteen and visit like peanut farms and processing plants

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Speaker 1: and like a peanut butter production plant. And oh, we

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Speaker 1: are so remiss in posting any stuff from that. We

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Speaker 1: we've been sitting like a whole pandemic happened, is what happened? Um?

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Speaker 1: But um, but but like it's time, like I think

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Speaker 1: that we need to dig into those archives and see

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Speaker 1: what we can do to to get because we got

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Speaker 1: a lot of great um interviews and conversations and just

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Speaker 1: weird b roll of manufacturing noises and it was. It

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Speaker 1: was a delightful experience. It was. And we got a

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Speaker 1: lot of really cool images because I didn't I didn't

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Speaker 1: realize the way peanut the way peanut farming works. The

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Speaker 1: images are really neat. Um. There was a stripper bus involved.

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Speaker 1: It's not what you think, but it was very very funny.

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Speaker 1: It's just that rental that happened to be available. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: But the thing is is that, as it turns out,

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Speaker 1: a lot of tour buses don't want to drive out

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Speaker 1: onto a peanut farm. But like the stripper bus company

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Speaker 1: was like, hecky, yeah we will. So we were just

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Speaker 1: in Dothan, Alabama with a bunch of other food writers

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Speaker 1: and chefs on the stripper bus going to peanut farms, yes,

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Speaker 1: including a chef we interviewed in Hawaii interestingly enough. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and also my family on my mom's side is from Dothan, Alabama,

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Speaker 1: which was very interesting. Um. And also the smell taste

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Speaker 1: of freshly made peanut butter in a factory is overwhelmingly amazing. Oh,

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Speaker 1: like up here in my brain the best, one of

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Speaker 1: the best memories. So good. Yeah, but yes, we do

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Speaker 1: need to I think about it like probably once a

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Speaker 1: month that we haven't done. Yeah, you know same. Um, well, okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, Well we'll talk to our superproducers. We'll see

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Speaker 1: what we can do. It's it's like it's like largely

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Speaker 1: a factor of um, those sorts of episodes being such

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Speaker 1: a heavier lift um for for for our producers and

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Speaker 1: so you know, wanting to to respect their their time

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Speaker 1: and especially involved with all of the wildness of our

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Speaker 1: workflow during these pandemic times. So yeah, yeah, yes, but

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Speaker 1: we'll talk about it, we'll figure out how to do it. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Oh yes, And speaking of the pandemic, um March of

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Speaker 1: when it all began, saw peanut Butter sales up seventy

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Speaker 1: over March of the previous year. Um. People, it was

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Speaker 1: one of those comfort foods, ease of use foods that

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Speaker 1: people really leaned into in the early pandemic days. Um.

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Speaker 1: By by April it had the trend had cooled a

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Speaker 1: little bit, or maybe people just already had an of

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Speaker 1: peanut butter um, but but it was still like like

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Speaker 1: up year over year. So yeah, I mean it's that

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Speaker 1: and I think during times of stress it's like nostalgic.

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Speaker 1: But also it's one of those foods you get when

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Speaker 1: the powers out or something. Sure, it's like, yeah, I

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Speaker 1: got that vibe. I definitely have jars here where my

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Speaker 1: friends love them so much, have just put like their

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Speaker 1: name on a jar of peanut butter and that's their

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Speaker 1: jar of peanut butter. Visit me right, yeah, because people

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Speaker 1: have their favorite types specific oh absolutely, oh absolutely, um yeah,

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Speaker 1: And this has been an issue because, as with many

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Speaker 1: other consumer products, pandemic supply chain and like worker health

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Speaker 1: issues have affected peanut butter manufacturer, so some people haven't

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Speaker 1: been able to find their favorite niche specific hype. UM

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Speaker 1: and a bunch of factors are going into this, like

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Speaker 1: with anything, um, you know, there's like an increased cost

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Speaker 1: of things like crop fertilizer. UM, there's also labor shortages

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Speaker 1: in the in the processing end, like the grating and

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Speaker 1: processing end, and um the price and availability of the

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Speaker 1: plastics used to make the jars um just just a

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Speaker 1: bunch of stuff. And further exacerbating this, as of summer two,

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Speaker 1: there were a bunch of recalls of Jiff peanut butter

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Speaker 1: products that lead to I mean not only Jiff being

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Speaker 1: off of store shelves, but then uh, there there were

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Speaker 1: shortages of other brands in stores because they hadn't been

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Speaker 1: expecting this run. Yeah yeah, um. Brands like Peter Pan

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Speaker 1: have reported that they had to like narrow their production

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Speaker 1: focused to like only the most popular or profitable products

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Speaker 1: in their lines. Oh yeah, dear, I'm gonna go rifle

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Speaker 1: through my my bantry after this and take stock of

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Speaker 1: what I've up. Yeah. Well, in the meantime, I guess

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Speaker 1: we should let past Annie and Lauren take it away. Hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to food Stuff. I'm Annyrees and I'm Lauren

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Speaker 1: vocal Bam, and it's time friends to talk about one

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Speaker 1: of Annie's favorite foods and also yet another food that

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Speaker 1: Lauren cannot really eat, which is just a tragedy of

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Speaker 1: tragedies in my my humble opinion. I'm very sorry, Lauren,

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Speaker 1: but we're talking about peanut butter, and yes it's it's

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Speaker 1: in my top five, it might be my top three,

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Speaker 1: it might mean my number one. I love peanut butter.

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Speaker 1: I always have an emergency jar of peanut butter on

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Speaker 1: my person, oh like like in the studio, like right now,

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Speaker 1: just like I have this like little pouches just ready

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Speaker 1: to go. I have a jar. Um. I normally don't

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Speaker 1: dig into it, but it's there just in case, just

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Speaker 1: in case, because I have been I've been in an

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Speaker 1: emergency peanut butter situation oh times, especially when traveling abroad

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Speaker 1: where it's hard to find. Oh. Absolutely, I always carry

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Speaker 1: a jar peanut butter. Good. Yes, thank you, it's just smart.

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Speaker 1: Just be prepared. Yeah, people with peanut allergies stay away

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Speaker 1: from me. And speaking of peanuts plus peanut allergies is

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Speaker 1: going to be a different episode and I'm actually really

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Speaker 1: excited to talk about that too. Yeah. Yeah. The little

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Speaker 1: bit that I glanced through about how peanuts work was

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Speaker 1: so fascinating that I had to keep stopping myself and

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Speaker 1: going like you're talking about peanut butter today, Lauren. You

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Speaker 1: can't look at this right now, you don't have time.

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Speaker 1: I did the same thing. Yeah, I was like, this

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Speaker 1: episode is going to become a three hour long thing

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Speaker 1: if we don't rain ourselves in right. But if at

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Speaker 1: the end of this you you want to hear some

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Speaker 1: more Stephie miss in history class. Our sister podcast did

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Speaker 1: an episode on peanut butter a couple of years back.

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Speaker 1: In case you've yeah, in case you're you're like me

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Speaker 1: and just get enough, yep enough. It's called a Brief

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Speaker 1: History of Peanut Butter. Yes, all right, peanut butter? What

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Speaker 1: is it? It's amazing, end of podcast. Thank you for

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Speaker 1: joining us. That's it's this has been food stuff thanks

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Speaker 1: to Dylan Pagan, us super producer. Peanut butter is kind

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Speaker 1: of a butter of peanuts, if you will, um, but

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Speaker 1: I would like to start out with the peanut is

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Speaker 1: not a nut. It's a cute. That is very correct,

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Speaker 1: and it's kind of cool how that came to be. Yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: it is. It is true. The peanut is neither a

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Speaker 1: pean nor a nut. Um, though it is a lot

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Speaker 1: closer to peas than two nuts. Botanically speaking, it's in

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Speaker 1: the family fabaccier as our peas, and in the specific

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Speaker 1: genus and species arack is Hypogaia and Hypogaea. Uh okay.

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Speaker 1: Because peanuts grow underground, the plant itself looks like the

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Speaker 1: small shrub and it grows these we delicate yellow flowers

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Speaker 1: that look a little bit like orchids. But those flowers,

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Speaker 1: those flowers wither and then instead of fruiting right there,

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Speaker 1: like most peas or beans do, they send out a

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Speaker 1: little shoot called a peg, and and the peg grows

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Speaker 1: down into the ground kind of like a banyon tree,

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Speaker 1: like like the ropes off of a Bangan tree, and

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Speaker 1: in forms under the ground. A peanut um a woody

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Speaker 1: shell in case in one or more kernels. And these

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Speaker 1: kernels are the plants seeds, and they also happen to

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Speaker 1: be pretty tasty, really well, I mean it's you know

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Speaker 1: that you're aware. Um. Peanut butter therefore, is a shelled,

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Speaker 1: cooked ground peanuts um, usually flavored with a little bit

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Speaker 1: of sugar and salt, and with maybe a little oil

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Speaker 1: added to stabilize the mixture, because even though peanuts do

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Speaker 1: have a little high oil content, if you want to

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Speaker 1: homogenize the thing that going to create an emulsion with

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Speaker 1: some hydrogenated oil. Yes, it's sweet and savory and salty,

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Speaker 1: and as Annie is like making little like like twitter

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Speaker 1: painted faces over she's like sort of mooning over the

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Speaker 1: idea of it over there. Um, it's intensely cravable and

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Speaker 1: snack able. It's also a huge nostalgia item on its

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Speaker 1: own for many Americans, and a common ingredient in some

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Speaker 1: other cuisines around the world. Yes, remember my peanut butter

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Speaker 1: ice sand forever ago, and the listener wrote in the

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Speaker 1: recipe on how to make it, I still think about

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Speaker 1: that sky. Thank you really changed my life. But how

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Speaker 1: how does one make peanut butter? Which you can make

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Speaker 1: your own peanut butter, but industrially industrially speaking, Um, to

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Speaker 1: get peanut butter, you first have to obtain a crop

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Speaker 1: of whole peanuts in their shells. It crack those shells

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Speaker 1: open great amount for color defects, spots, broken skins. The

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Speaker 1: ones that don't pass mustard go on to to be

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Speaker 1: made into peanut oil, but the ones that do are

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Speaker 1: then dry roasted. Dry roasting means that no additional oil

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Speaker 1: is added during the process. They're simply heated to around

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Speaker 1: fahrenheit that's about one sixty celsius for about six minutes

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Speaker 1: until they're done. Yeah. Um. And done is when a

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Speaker 1: photometer a light meter says that they've gone from their

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Speaker 1: starter color of white or red to the appropriate color

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Speaker 1: of brown. I love that they're Yeah, it's color coded. Um.

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Speaker 1: They're then cooled to stop the cooking process. The skins

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Speaker 1: are removed by either heat blanching or water blanching. Both

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Speaker 1: processes kind of have their downsides. Heat blanching removes some

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Speaker 1: of the antioxidants that make them nutritious. Water blanching retains

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Speaker 1: the peanut hearts, which are sort of bitter. You know.

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Speaker 1: So depending on what you're going for, um, you then

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Speaker 1: grind the peanuts, either in increasing grades of fineness or

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Speaker 1: for chunky style um with like an end addition of

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Speaker 1: those less fine bits um, or by removing a rib

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Speaker 1: from the grinder and thing of the grinder like a

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Speaker 1: like a giant screw that has a bunch of of

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Speaker 1: ribs wrapped around it that are sharp and pointy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and so if you remove one of those ribs from

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Speaker 1: the grinder but leave the rest of them, then you'll

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Speaker 1: get a naturally uh slightly creamy, slightly chunky combination m h.

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Speaker 1: And then you pack it. Uh. One of the enemies

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Speaker 1: of peanut butter is oxygen. More on that later. So

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Speaker 1: makers take steps to keep working peanut butter at pressure

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Speaker 1: and UH in the vacuum, seal it during packaging. In

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Speaker 1: the US, anyway, peanut butter must be at least peanuts

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Speaker 1: unless you want to label it imitation peanut butter or

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Speaker 1: otherwise like adulterated peanut butter, which I mean, you know,

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Speaker 1: companies can turn into marketing opportunities, but but no one

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Speaker 1: really like wants to do with the get go, right,

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Speaker 1: unless you're going for a totally different product. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: like that powdered peanut butter. Sure different thing, yeah, or

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Speaker 1: you know, a chocolate peanut butter. Oh yeah. And and

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Speaker 1: this is like, and he said, totally easy to do

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Speaker 1: at home. You just roast your own peanuts in the oven,

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Speaker 1: grind him a blender food processor. Um. Towards the end,

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Speaker 1: you throw in as some sugar, salts and oil, any

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Speaker 1: other flavorings you want, and and you just keep grinding

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Speaker 1: it until it's peanut butter. Yeah, that's it. Yeah, there's

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Speaker 1: there's lots of recipes online um as usual, the kitchen

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Speaker 1: dot com that's a kitchen spelled without the final E

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Speaker 1: has a pretty good one. So yeah, yeah, totally give

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Speaker 1: it a try if you're if you're so inclined. UM.

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Speaker 1: Nutrition wise, it's a it's a little bit contentious about

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Speaker 1: how nutritious peanut butter is for you, because it is

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Speaker 1: really high in fat, but both good fats and bad fats.

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Speaker 1: It's about fat in terms of like calories proportion um.

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Speaker 1: It's also a good source of protein though, and has

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Speaker 1: some dietary fiber, usually a little bit of added sugar,

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Speaker 1: so so it will fill you up and it will

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Speaker 1: keep you feeling full for a while. But because of

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Speaker 1: that high fat content, it's really best when paired with

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Speaker 1: other sources of fiber and of protein. Yes, because your

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Speaker 1: body doesn't want just butter. It wants it well, but

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Speaker 1: it does not need it well. Your brain wants it

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Speaker 1: makes your brain feel better than I think it makes

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Speaker 1: your body feel for me anyway, Well, eventually I'm like,

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Speaker 1: can I have a salad? Can I please just have

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Speaker 1: a peanut butter does also have a good amount of

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Speaker 1: several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins E and B six

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Speaker 1: nice and follate, maganese, phosphorus, magnesium, and copper, so you know,

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Speaker 1: good good stuff in there. Um. There's an article on

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Speaker 1: how Stuff works dot Com called what would happen if

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Speaker 1: I just ate? If I ate nothing but peanut butter

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Speaker 1: for the rest of my life? And it brings up

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Speaker 1: these very points. UM, so you know, like heat your

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Speaker 1: serving sizes, don't eat just peanut butter for the rest

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Speaker 1: of your life, You're gonna get scurvy. Yeah, my marine

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Speaker 1: was like, but but what a great way to go

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Speaker 1: We um, as you've probably heard of speak about. We

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Speaker 1: recently took a road trip UM Dylan, Lauren and I

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Speaker 1: super producer Dylan and UM. I went through. We recorded

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Speaker 1: audio pretty much the entire way up, and I went

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Speaker 1: through and listened to the whole thing and made like topics,

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Speaker 1: possible topics, breakout episodes that could come from what we

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Speaker 1: were talking about. Yeah, a little little ad on segments

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Speaker 1: or bonus episodes. We talked about peanut butter for probably

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Speaker 1: ten minutes and super producer Dylan used to eat half

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Speaker 1: a jar of Skippy a day. Essentially, all right, I'd

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Speaker 1: forgotten about that story. Oh, we'll have to we'll have

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Speaker 1: to pull up the audio for that. Oh we will. Um,

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Speaker 1: maybe that'll be our peanut Bonus episode, her peanut bonus episode.

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Speaker 1: And I, UM, I have a rule called the evening

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Speaker 1: out where I only let myself even out the top

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Speaker 1: of the peanut butter. That's what I do with ice cream.

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Speaker 1: The evening out. It's a thing. Um. But there has been,

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Speaker 1: um a blind taste test. I think it was thrillisted,

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Speaker 1: a blind taste test of like ten types of peanut butter,

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Speaker 1: and um, they did find that they liked Skippy Natural

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Speaker 1: the most. And that's someone who loves peanut butter. I've

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Speaker 1: actually never had Skippy brand. So now I'm like going

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Speaker 1: to get what's what's your preferred peanut butter. It's funny

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Speaker 1: because I feel like I have an evolution. I used

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Speaker 1: to like crunchy Peter Pan, and then I went to

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Speaker 1: smooth Jeff, and now I've been some kind of weird

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Speaker 1: like I guess, uh, fancy peanut butter territory. It's pretty expensive,

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Speaker 1: but I have a jar of Jeff and a jar

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Speaker 1: of the fancy stuff. So Jeff for like the desperation,

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Speaker 1: the fancy stuff for when I'm really gonna enjoy my

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Speaker 1: peanut butter. Um? Okay, all right, um, let's let's let's

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Speaker 1: run some peanut butter numbers. Yes, peanut butter numbers. Um.

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Speaker 1: The US is actually not the largest producer of peanuts.

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Speaker 1: That would be China and India. In the US, Georgia

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Speaker 1: are our state of Georgia that we are in right

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Speaker 1: now is the largest producer comes from George's peanut belt,

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Speaker 1: which is a little little south. Um. Over half of

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Speaker 1: the peanuts produced domestically do you end up in peanut butter?

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Speaker 1: Making one twelve ounce jar takes five hundred and forty peanuts. Oh? Yeah, okay. However,

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Speaker 1: in two thousand twelve, US peanut farmers turned out over

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Speaker 1: six point one billion pounds of peanuts, so I quite

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Speaker 1: a lot of peanuts. Yeah, peanuts and peanut butter are

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Speaker 1: big thing in the US. Not one but two US

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Speaker 1: presidents were peanut farmers, which out of forty five is

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Speaker 1: pretty impressive. Thomas Jefferson and Jimmy Carter should mention if

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Speaker 1: you got that bingo card, get it out because this

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Speaker 1: episode has a lot around it and four of American

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Speaker 1: homes contain a jar or more of peanut butter and

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Speaker 1: that's me, um and I a side note, I was

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Speaker 1: sort of kind of dating this dude once while I

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Speaker 1: was working in Belgium, and one night I was feeling

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Speaker 1: homesick and he made me a meal of what he

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Speaker 1: considered traditional American foods, and this included mac and cheese

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Speaker 1: and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, and it was really

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Speaker 1: quite lovely. Um, And it's expensive over there. It's expensive

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Speaker 1: in most places I've been outside the US. UM. And

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Speaker 1: something similar happened when I was in China a fter

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Speaker 1: I ran out of my traveling jar peanut butter and

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Speaker 1: discovered a tiny jar was going to run me about

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Speaker 1: twenty dollars USD, which I bought it anyway, but then

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Speaker 1: another intern ate my jar of peanut butter. I still

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Speaker 1: think about that, John, I haven't forgotten about it. And

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Speaker 1: because of my upset, an expat friend of mine through

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Speaker 1: It was the fourth of July, and he made sure

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Speaker 1: that they were peanut butter and jelly's ouches there and

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Speaker 1: also pizza, spaghetti and meatballs, hamburgers, hot dogs, and mac

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Speaker 1: and cheese. So that is a very American spread. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it really is. I hadn't really thought about it. Before,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, it was. It was a wonderful experience. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the average American consumes about three pounds of peanut butter

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Speaker 1: a year, amounting to an annual seven hundred million pounds

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Speaker 1: seven hundred million pounds of peanut butter. To put that

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Speaker 1: sort of into perspective from we bought over five hundred

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Speaker 1: and seventy eight million jars of peanut butter. It's about

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Speaker 1: one eight jars per person. Collectively, all of that peanut

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Speaker 1: butter is worth about eight hundred billion dollars. And if

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Speaker 1: you're wondering how much of that ends up in peanut

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Speaker 1: butter and jelly sandwiches, well before graduating from high school,

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Speaker 1: most American children will have had somewhere around fifteen hundred

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Speaker 1: p b and j's. That sounds that sounds slow to me,

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Speaker 1: to be super honest, that was my go to four

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Speaker 1: years and years and years at me too. And while

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Speaker 1: peanut butter is seen as American, we are certainly not

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Speaker 1: the only country that enjoys it. In Canada, folks might

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Speaker 1: need it for breakfast and Haiti you can find freshly

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Speaker 1: made peanut butter called mamba from street vendors, and in

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Speaker 1: the Netherlands you can find it under the name of

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Speaker 1: peanut cheese, which I really enjoy, and in Saudi Arabia,

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Speaker 1: where it's growing in popularity, largely because of expats in

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Speaker 1: the oil industry. It's still not big in Europe though,

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Speaker 1: and this is not for lack of trying on the

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Speaker 1: side of the American peanut farmers. The average your pean

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Speaker 1: eats less than a tablespoon per year peanut butter. I

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Speaker 1: guess they got their new Tella, your speculus, your marmite,

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Speaker 1: other things outside of peanut butter, And there's all kinds

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Speaker 1: of peanut butter and peanut butter and jelly related products

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Speaker 1: and Reese's peanut butter cupt related products, pretty much any

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Speaker 1: kind of dessert you can imagine. And also you've got

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Speaker 1: van Go, Vodkas, P B and J flavored liquor. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: As sort of a publicity stunt, one researcher made perhaps

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Speaker 1: the most expensive peanut butter product, a diamond. What it

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00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:08,720
Speaker 1: wasn't an edible diamond, or I mean, no more so

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Speaker 1: than any other diamond is. But yeah. A team of

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Speaker 1: German scientists who were studying how Earth's mantle works ran

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Speaker 1: a number of experiments creating diamonds in the lab, and

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Speaker 1: for one of these experiments at the behest of a

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Speaker 1: local TV station, they used peanut butter as the like

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Speaker 1: carbon rich source material for creating the diamond. It apparently

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Speaker 1: didn't work like great, but like it kind of the

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Speaker 1: whole experiment sort of fell apart due to the amount

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Speaker 1: of off gassing that was going on. But it didn't

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Speaker 1: fall apart before that made Before they made a diamond.

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Speaker 1: I will tell you if I were ever imprisoned for

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Speaker 1: stealing like a piece of jewelry in a museum, it

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Speaker 1: would be a peanut butter diamond. I know that, just

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Speaker 1: deep in my bones. I think we all know that

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Speaker 1: deep in our bow. And Danny, Well, we've got a

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Speaker 1: lot of peanut butter and history for you. We do.

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Speaker 1: But first we're gonna pause to a quick break for

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Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes,

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Speaker 1: thank you. Now it's time for some peanut butter history. Yes,

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Speaker 1: and some abbreviated peanut history. Extremely abbreviated. While the peanut

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Speaker 1: plant goes way back, pottery suggests possibly as far back

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Speaker 1: as three thousand, five years ago, but probably even further

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Speaker 1: back than that, like seven thousand, six hundred years ago.

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Speaker 1: Peanut butter is relatively new. Both the plant and the

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Speaker 1: butter most likely first came from Peru or Brazil roundabouts there.

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Speaker 1: In Peru, the Incans offered peanuts as sacrifices to the

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Speaker 1: gods and would bury them with mummies to help them

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Speaker 1: through their after while through their message. Native South Americans

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Speaker 1: were grinding up peanuts in ancient times. In Brazil, the

400
00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:09,000
Speaker 1: indigenous tribes made a drink out of ground up peanuts

401
00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:11,720
Speaker 1: and corn. Sounds so good. I had I had to

402
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:13,800
Speaker 1: drink like this in Japan from a vending machine. It

403
00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:16,280
Speaker 1: actually was really good. You had to get over. Like

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00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,240
Speaker 1: for me, when I take a drink, I'm expecting something

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00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:22,520
Speaker 1: probably like sweet or crisp, and this was like very buttery,

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00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:26,880
Speaker 1: savory experience in a can. Yeah, but it was good.

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00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:30,359
Speaker 1: The ancient Incans and Aztecs roasted peanuts and ground them

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Speaker 1: up to make a paste. So depending on how you

409
00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:36,760
Speaker 1: define peanut butter, but you're closing in already. Um. When

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00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:39,360
Speaker 1: the Spanish arrived to the New World, they found peanuts

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Speaker 1: as far north as Mexico. From there, the Spanish brought

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00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:44,399
Speaker 1: the peanut back with them to Europe. And with the

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Speaker 1: help of traders and explorers, the peanut made the journey

414
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Speaker 1: to Asia and Africa. Portugal promoted the spread of peanuts

415
00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:52,960
Speaker 1: in Africa because at the time Sub Saharan Africa did

416
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Speaker 1: not have much in the way of an wheel plant.

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00:25:56,119 --> 00:26:01,480
Speaker 1: Peanuts are about fift oil so um. And it's from Africa,

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00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 1: not South America that the peanut arrived to North America

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Speaker 1: in the seventeen hundreds through slave ships from West Africa

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Speaker 1: sent to the British colonies. Peanuts were most likely fed

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Speaker 1: to slaves to survive the journey um and they weren't

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Speaker 1: the easiest crop to grow in North America at the time,

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Speaker 1: and most of what they could grow they allocated to

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Speaker 1: their livestock or to the poor. And there's someone we

425
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:27,800
Speaker 1: got to talk about in this conversation because his name

426
00:26:27,840 --> 00:26:31,560
Speaker 1: frequently comes up when talking about peanuts, and that is

427
00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:35,560
Speaker 1: George Washington Carver. Once a slave, Carver used his new

428
00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:38,119
Speaker 1: found freedom to become a successful botanist, even in the

429
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:41,600
Speaker 1: face of all the obstacles designed to keep African Americans

430
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:45,159
Speaker 1: from success. And we're talking meeting with world leaders like

431
00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:49,960
Speaker 1: Gandhi and Roosevelt. Level of success. Poor Southern Southerners all

432
00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:54,920
Speaker 1: over benefited from his innovative crop rotation system, primarily rotating

433
00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:57,720
Speaker 1: big crops like tobacco and cotton out for lesser grown

434
00:26:57,760 --> 00:27:01,280
Speaker 1: cops like peanuts, because those first two things deplete the soil,

435
00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:04,679
Speaker 1: but peanuts give a lot back to it. Exactly doing

436
00:27:04,720 --> 00:27:07,159
Speaker 1: this involved a lot of educating people about all the

437
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:09,640
Speaker 1: things peanuts were good for. Don't you want to grow them?

438
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,199
Speaker 1: They do all of this, and Carver came up with

439
00:27:12,320 --> 00:27:15,600
Speaker 1: over three hundred ways to use up peanuts, both food

440
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:19,400
Speaker 1: wise and industry wise, from peanut paint to peanut laxatives.

441
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:22,800
Speaker 1: He imagined a world where you could fuel cars with peanuts,

442
00:27:22,960 --> 00:27:26,640
Speaker 1: you could make a real substitute with peanuts asparages, substitute

443
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:30,880
Speaker 1: with peanuts and peanut orange punch. But out of all

444
00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:34,399
Speaker 1: of those three hundred things, peanut butter was not one

445
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:38,320
Speaker 1: of the things he invented. Yeah, it's frequently attributed to him,

446
00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:41,200
Speaker 1: but he did not did not invent it. He did

447
00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:44,760
Speaker 1: have a recipe for peanut paste in the nineteen sixteen bulletin,

448
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,480
Speaker 1: similar to what the Aztecs and Incin's had been doing.

449
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:50,800
Speaker 1: Carvers called for pulverizing roasted peanuts and a meat grinder,

450
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:55,200
Speaker 1: but not quite peanut butter yet. Um and Ken Jennings

451
00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:58,840
Speaker 1: of our sister podcast, Omnibus wrote an entire article about

452
00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:01,520
Speaker 1: this if you're interested of all the things he came

453
00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:04,439
Speaker 1: up to do with peanuts, which is really it's overwhelming

454
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:09,440
Speaker 1: and terrific. But if Carver didn't invent the peanut butter,

455
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:14,560
Speaker 1: who did? Who? Indeed who? Indeed you're not going to

456
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:23,320
Speaker 1: believe this, but some people credit John Harvey kill Killogg. Yes,

457
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:30,879
Speaker 1: that killog don dun villainous Kellogg, one of my historical nemesses,

458
00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:33,919
Speaker 1: may be invented one of my favorite foods. My brain

459
00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:41,040
Speaker 1: was like, this cannot be, this cannot be. He patented

460
00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:44,760
Speaker 1: a method of using raw peanuts to make pretty much

461
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 1: peanut butter as a non at chewable protein source for

462
00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:53,200
Speaker 1: the wealthy attendees of John Harvey Kellogg's Western Health Reform Institute,

463
00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,360
Speaker 1: or for patients without teeth, or for both. Um. But

464
00:28:59,440 --> 00:29:01,920
Speaker 1: history is just it was around before that. I think

465
00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:04,880
Speaker 1: I can wipe my brow. Yeah, yeah, because the whole

466
00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:09,960
Speaker 1: year before that, Yes, in a businessman out of St.

467
00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:13,160
Speaker 1: Louis by the name of George Bale produced and commercially

468
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:18,560
Speaker 1: sold the first peanut butter, but some historians disputed at Lauren, No,

469
00:29:18,960 --> 00:29:23,920
Speaker 1: it's still I'm going to cling to the away um,

470
00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,760
Speaker 1: So he's a contender. Some of the others that you

471
00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:29,480
Speaker 1: might see other inventors you might see credited for coming

472
00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:33,960
Speaker 1: up with peanut butter um as Marcellus Gilmore of Canada

473
00:29:35,720 --> 00:29:38,480
Speaker 1: patented a peanut paste made with roasted peanuts mail between

474
00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:43,040
Speaker 1: two hot services in eighty four. Another St. Louis peanut

475
00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:46,440
Speaker 1: butter innovation came from Dr Ambrose and his patent for

476
00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:49,520
Speaker 1: a peanut butter making machine. So there's a lot of

477
00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:52,560
Speaker 1: a lot of names in the mix. Whatever the case.

478
00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:55,160
Speaker 1: Peanut butter could be found at St. Louis's nineteen o

479
00:29:55,280 --> 00:29:58,760
Speaker 1: four world Fare, where it coffee eye of company's Beechnut

480
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:03,720
Speaker 1: and High, who then made peanut butter available nationally. At first,

481
00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:06,800
Speaker 1: peanut butter was a luxury food served in tea rooms,

482
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:10,400
Speaker 1: along with pimento cheese, watercrests, and celery on crackers. Which

483
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,240
Speaker 1: is really funny because I remember when I was reading

484
00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:15,440
Speaker 1: that article, the author was kind of like, could you imagine?

485
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,760
Speaker 1: But to me that sounds like I think all of

486
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:20,120
Speaker 1: those pairings are kind of still around today. Common in

487
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,560
Speaker 1: the South anyway. Yeah, and like peanut butter and cheese,

488
00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:27,680
Speaker 1: peanut butter celery, that's a pretty popular snack. Yeah anyway. Um,

489
00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:31,480
Speaker 1: but it didn't stay relegated to the wealthy for long. Um.

490
00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:33,880
Speaker 1: Just three years later, in nineteen o seven, companies were

491
00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:37,720
Speaker 1: producing thirty four million pounds of peanut butter, and for context,

492
00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:43,400
Speaker 1: in number was two million pounds. Boom, a drastic jump.

493
00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:47,480
Speaker 1: The next step in peanut butter's evolution came in Nino

494
00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:50,520
Speaker 1: with Joseph rose Field and his discovery of a method

495
00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:54,600
Speaker 1: to prevent peanut butter from separating and going rancid. To

496
00:30:54,640 --> 00:30:58,200
Speaker 1: do this, rose Field converted peanut oil into a saturated fat.

497
00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:01,640
Speaker 1: This both kept peanut butter from separating and also didn't

498
00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:04,000
Speaker 1: stick to the roof of your mouth as much, but

499
00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:07,200
Speaker 1: it did sacrifice on some health depending on who you

500
00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:11,640
Speaker 1: ask in. He licensed this process out to a company

501
00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:15,160
Speaker 1: behind a peanut butter brand. You've probably heard of Peter

502
00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:18,760
Speaker 1: Pen Tins of peanut butter, because peanut butter was SLD

503
00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: and metal tins before the wartime required all the metal

504
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:27,479
Speaker 1: and before you know, plastics were true Yes, boasted on

505
00:31:27,520 --> 00:31:34,040
Speaker 1: the front, improved by hydrogenation In two, Roseveld started producing

506
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:37,920
Speaker 1: his own peanut butter that he called Skippy. As the

507
00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:41,920
Speaker 1: American economy became more commercial, peanut butter became more accessible

508
00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:45,040
Speaker 1: for lower income families. This is when more sugar was

509
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:48,640
Speaker 1: introduced to the mix to appeal to kids. And speaking

510
00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:55,080
Speaker 1: of sugar, let's talk about Reese's Peanut butter Cup. Is

511
00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:57,840
Speaker 1: this the thing that like you got you got flack

512
00:31:57,920 --> 00:32:01,840
Speaker 1: four from a very young age. Yes, but I I

513
00:32:01,840 --> 00:32:03,240
Speaker 1: I went with it. I said that I was like

514
00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:06,640
Speaker 1: the heiress of the company, and kids believed me because

515
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:10,800
Speaker 1: silly kids, and a part of me hoped inside that

516
00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:14,520
Speaker 1: maybe I really was. Yeah that alas, they haven't called

517
00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:17,000
Speaker 1: you yet, not yet. Maybe this is They're gonna be

518
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,600
Speaker 1: like there she is. She hasn't been looking for her forever.

519
00:32:21,560 --> 00:32:27,160
Speaker 1: It's like my princess diary tread yes, all right. In

520
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:32,200
Speaker 1: Reese's Peanut Buttercup made its debut, It showed up on shelves,

521
00:32:32,840 --> 00:32:35,400
Speaker 1: and here is a nutshell or a candy shell story

522
00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:39,840
Speaker 1: of how that happened. Former Hershey employee hb Rees founded

523
00:32:39,880 --> 00:32:43,320
Speaker 1: Reese's in nineteen twenty three, and of note, he was

524
00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:47,280
Speaker 1: the father of sixteen children or ten depending on your source,

525
00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:50,200
Speaker 1: or possibly it was ten surviving children, but either way,

526
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:52,800
Speaker 1: a lot of yeah. And this is why he was

527
00:32:52,840 --> 00:32:57,120
Speaker 1: looking to make some money by getting in the chocolate business. Okay. Um.

528
00:32:57,160 --> 00:33:00,560
Speaker 1: When they first entered the market, peanut butter cups were

529
00:33:00,560 --> 00:33:03,480
Speaker 1: sometimes called penny cups because they only cost one cent

530
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:06,760
Speaker 1: and they were kind of an instant hit. According to

531
00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:09,880
Speaker 1: family legend, the overroasting of the peanuts um they made

532
00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,280
Speaker 1: their own peanut butter was the secret Reese oversaw the

533
00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:16,320
Speaker 1: construction of a one hundred thousand square foot factory on

534
00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:19,920
Speaker 1: Chocolate Avenue and Hershey, Pennsylvania. We have got to visit Hershey.

535
00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:24,600
Speaker 1: It wasn't until nine customers could buy the cups individually,

536
00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:27,080
Speaker 1: because before that they came in an assortment or in

537
00:33:27,320 --> 00:33:31,280
Speaker 1: bulk for store displays. But people specifically wanted the Reese's

538
00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,320
Speaker 1: peanut butter cup. The company turned out other things to

539
00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:37,160
Speaker 1: like raising clusters, or at least they did until the

540
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:39,520
Speaker 1: scarcity brought on by World War Two forced them to

541
00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:43,280
Speaker 1: focus solely on the cups, their most successful product. And

542
00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:46,600
Speaker 1: it helps that peanut butter wasn't rationed and automation made

543
00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:50,200
Speaker 1: production easier and cheaper. One story goes the situation got

544
00:33:50,240 --> 00:33:53,400
Speaker 1: so dire the sheriff came looking for Reese for unpaid

545
00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:57,960
Speaker 1: bills and found that Reset absconded from as far the

546
00:33:57,960 --> 00:34:01,480
Speaker 1: consolidation of product pay it off, but Reese died suddenly

547
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,320
Speaker 1: of a heart attack in nineteen fifty six. Once seven

548
00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:07,360
Speaker 1: years had passed, six of Riese's sons sold the hb

549
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:11,239
Speaker 1: Rees Candy Company to Hershey's Chocolate Company for twenty three

550
00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:15,400
Speaker 1: point five million in nineteen sixty three. The Reese's children

551
00:34:15,480 --> 00:34:18,360
Speaker 1: also got a five percent share in the company, worth

552
00:34:18,480 --> 00:34:25,080
Speaker 1: today about one billion dollars who billion dollars um. Milton

553
00:34:25,120 --> 00:34:27,200
Speaker 1: her She was a big fan of races. There was

554
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:29,160
Speaker 1: a rumor that he had a secret stash in his

555
00:34:29,280 --> 00:34:32,600
Speaker 1: desk and he saw the company before her She's bought

556
00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:34,680
Speaker 1: it as a customer instead of a competitor, since the

557
00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:38,520
Speaker 1: cups used her She's Chocolate, Reese and Milton Hershey are

558
00:34:38,520 --> 00:34:44,400
Speaker 1: buried meters apart in the Hershey Cemetery. Yeah, Reese's have

559
00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:47,719
Speaker 1: branched out beyond peanut butter filling since hers She's acquired them,

560
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:51,120
Speaker 1: but have also spawned Reese's pieces in ninety eight, which

561
00:34:51,200 --> 00:34:54,400
Speaker 1: do have a different filling than the cups, Reese's puff cereal,

562
00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,919
Speaker 1: It's Reese's for breakfast. My parents never let me try that,

563
00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:02,120
Speaker 1: never had it. Um and Reese's cups with Reese's pieces

564
00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:04,440
Speaker 1: in them, And have a friend who loves these and

565
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:06,120
Speaker 1: were the first time she showed them to me, she

566
00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:08,680
Speaker 1: cut them as if it was a fancy like piece

567
00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:10,719
Speaker 1: of chocolate. She cut it down the middle, and she

568
00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:13,840
Speaker 1: showed me the inside, and she said, it's like looking

569
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:22,640
Speaker 1: at a damn sunrise. It was beautiful. These days, Reese's

570
00:35:22,719 --> 00:35:26,520
Speaker 1: are the most popular candy in America, but they're kind

571
00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:29,960
Speaker 1: of niche most everywhere else. Japan is experiencing a surge

572
00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:34,000
Speaker 1: in Reese's popularity, though they're like most international countries. The

573
00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:36,400
Speaker 1: cups don't come with a preservative that has been found

574
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:39,040
Speaker 1: to do some damage to DNA and is a precursor

575
00:35:39,120 --> 00:35:43,280
Speaker 1: to stoke tumors tb h Q. The U S allows

576
00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:47,080
Speaker 1: small amounts since doses of the allowed point zero two

577
00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,160
Speaker 1: percent are less do not seem to cause any negative

578
00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:54,160
Speaker 1: side effects. And that's how much is in um Reese's cups?

579
00:35:54,719 --> 00:35:58,719
Speaker 1: Is this the allowed amount? Um? May is? I love

580
00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:02,680
Speaker 1: Reese's Day. This came about by a fan petition believe

581
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:06,719
Speaker 1: five hundred thousand signatures. Sales of Reese's comes out to

582
00:36:06,760 --> 00:36:11,399
Speaker 1: an annual five hundred million. And yes, the film et

583
00:36:11,680 --> 00:36:15,360
Speaker 1: did pretty much save Reese's pieces. After the movie, sales

584
00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:17,960
Speaker 1: went up by six And I read one stat that

585
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,000
Speaker 1: said sales of Reese's products overall went up by three

586
00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:26,440
Speaker 1: hundred came out, And yes, Eminem was to be Albert's

587
00:36:26,440 --> 00:36:28,960
Speaker 1: first choice and Mars the company behind him, and M's

588
00:36:29,239 --> 00:36:32,200
Speaker 1: turned him down. And if you're curious, there are way

589
00:36:32,239 --> 00:36:36,720
Speaker 1: more orange ones. The breakout is about orange each yellow

590
00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:42,600
Speaker 1: and brown. Yeah, when the new Harry Potter movies came out,

591
00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:44,920
Speaker 1: as a kid, I would make chocolate frogs and I

592
00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:47,439
Speaker 1: would use the same type of peanut butter filling used

593
00:36:47,440 --> 00:36:51,120
Speaker 1: by Reese's, which for me it was for a homemaker.

594
00:36:51,160 --> 00:36:54,440
Speaker 1: It was essentially peanut butter with with butter and powdered

595
00:36:54,440 --> 00:37:00,759
Speaker 1: sugar mixed in. Yeah. The scientific reason, by the way,

596
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:05,000
Speaker 1: that that people love Reese's so much, Reese's Cup so much,

597
00:37:05,080 --> 00:37:08,400
Speaker 1: is that it's a combination of textures, the slightly chunky

598
00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:11,000
Speaker 1: peanut butter with the smooth chocolate, and so that that

599
00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:15,120
Speaker 1: novel combination or that combination of two novel sensations makes

600
00:37:15,120 --> 00:37:19,560
Speaker 1: your brain go oh what what? What do that? This? Yeah? Totally, um,

601
00:37:19,640 --> 00:37:23,760
Speaker 1: yeah there was. I found an article that was basically

602
00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:26,239
Speaker 1: asking why is there Why has no one else been

603
00:37:26,239 --> 00:37:30,319
Speaker 1: able to compete with Reese's? Um, there really is. I

604
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:32,800
Speaker 1: didn't think about it, but there's not really a competitor

605
00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:39,680
Speaker 1: at all. Nope, good job, guys. Call me. I'm here.

606
00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:43,319
Speaker 1: I'm waiting for those royalty checks roll in. I'm pretty

607
00:37:43,320 --> 00:37:47,880
Speaker 1: sure that's how that works. Um. Okay, So Reese's peanut

608
00:37:47,920 --> 00:37:51,600
Speaker 1: butter cup story aside over, let's step back a bit

609
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:55,160
Speaker 1: to okay. Hinz brand peanut butter was the first to

610
00:37:55,239 --> 00:37:58,799
Speaker 1: include hydrogenated vegetable oils on the ingredient list to solve

611
00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:01,600
Speaker 1: that separation thing, but also to make it more spreadable

612
00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:05,120
Speaker 1: and longer lasting. With three big brands boasting now more

613
00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:09,400
Speaker 1: spreadable peanut butter and sliced bread available as well, peanut

614
00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:13,239
Speaker 1: butter sandwiches. Peanut butter sandwiches were popular food during the

615
00:38:13,239 --> 00:38:18,759
Speaker 1: Great Depression. What does that mean? Is it? Is it?

616
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:25,520
Speaker 1: Peanut butter jelly time? Could it be? Is it? Is it?

617
00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:29,239
Speaker 1: It is the first written recipe for the peanut butter

618
00:38:29,280 --> 00:38:32,560
Speaker 1: and jelly sandwich appeared in the edition of Boston Cooking

619
00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:36,560
Speaker 1: School magazine of Culinary Size and Domestic Economics. Still not

620
00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:38,880
Speaker 1: quite though, because it used peanut paste as opposed to

621
00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:42,560
Speaker 1: peanut butter. It wasn't until World World War Two that

622
00:38:42,640 --> 00:38:45,680
Speaker 1: those peanut butter sandwiches got the addition of jelly. It

623
00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:47,960
Speaker 1: was included in the Soldiers Rations, as with peanut butter

624
00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:50,960
Speaker 1: and bread. Just makes sense. Soldiers returned to the US

625
00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:52,759
Speaker 1: after the war and wanted to recreate some of the

626
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:55,759
Speaker 1: foods they'd had abroad, and vola the P B and J.

627
00:38:57,239 --> 00:39:00,239
Speaker 1: The standard pe B and J, by the way, is

628
00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:03,920
Speaker 1: two tablespoons each of peanut butter and jelly. In the US,

629
00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:09,040
Speaker 1: the most popular flavor is grape boom, followed by strawberry.

630
00:39:09,080 --> 00:39:11,279
Speaker 1: But when you think about it, everyone probably has a

631
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:14,560
Speaker 1: really personalized favorite crust versus no crust, diagonally slice, cruntry

632
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:17,160
Speaker 1: versus smooth, and I find it kind of lovely and

633
00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:20,600
Speaker 1: adorable and super producer Dylan and I were discussing before

634
00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:24,160
Speaker 1: we started podcasting are our sandwich of choice and they

635
00:39:24,200 --> 00:39:29,080
Speaker 1: were very personal and funny to me. Um So listeners

636
00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:31,799
Speaker 1: you should send in if you get a preferred way

637
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:36,080
Speaker 1: let A, p V, and J. By the nineteen fifties,

638
00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:39,120
Speaker 1: thinks in Part two big companies like ConAgra and Procter

639
00:39:39,239 --> 00:39:43,120
Speaker 1: and Gamble. Peanut butter was a billion dollar business. However,

640
00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:48,160
Speaker 1: not always well the peanut butter world. A survey conducted

641
00:39:48,200 --> 00:39:50,960
Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty nine found that Jeff peanut butter was

642
00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:56,400
Speaker 1: only seventy five peanuts, the rest was hydrogenated oil and sugar.

643
00:39:57,760 --> 00:39:59,799
Speaker 1: The survey was all part of the f d a's

644
00:39:59,840 --> 00:40:04,160
Speaker 1: on going struggle to rid the shelves of inferior peanut butters. Legally,

645
00:40:04,280 --> 00:40:08,680
Speaker 1: peanut butter went through kind of an intense definition process,

646
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:11,800
Speaker 1: so to keep the oil from separating. Producers want to

647
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:14,040
Speaker 1: know if they could get away with adding glycer into

648
00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:17,799
Speaker 1: the mix. And the FDA was calling me, and to

649
00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:22,760
Speaker 1: specify me means that they responded with the term peanut

650
00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:26,000
Speaker 1: butter is generally understood to mean a product consisting solely

651
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:29,360
Speaker 1: of ground roasted peanuts, with or without a small quantity

652
00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:34,239
Speaker 1: of added salt. Basically, you could add it, but you'd

653
00:40:34,280 --> 00:40:39,360
Speaker 1: have to note on the label that you did. Prominently okay,

654
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,480
Speaker 1: So the FDA proposed that to be recognized as peanut butter,

655
00:40:42,680 --> 00:40:47,480
Speaker 1: a product had to be peanuts along with additional sweeteners.

656
00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:51,080
Speaker 1: They actually wanted the peanut requirement to be, but found

657
00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:54,520
Speaker 1: that the average American consumer preferred a sweeter, more easily

658
00:40:54,560 --> 00:40:58,719
Speaker 1: spreadable product. Jeff Peter Pan and Skippy entered the regulations

659
00:40:58,719 --> 00:41:02,920
Speaker 1: pray soon after. Over the next ten years a decade

660
00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:07,080
Speaker 1: complete with a twenty week long public evidentiary hearing with

661
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:12,879
Speaker 1: nearly eight thousand page long transcript, the peanut butter hearings waged.

662
00:41:13,640 --> 00:41:17,440
Speaker 1: One attorney joked that they quote put many lawyers children

663
00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:21,400
Speaker 1: through college. Most of this whole thing revolved around a

664
00:41:21,400 --> 00:41:24,920
Speaker 1: difference in a proposed peanut content of merely three percent

665
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:30,279
Speaker 1: in YEP. An entire decade later, the f d A

666
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:35,480
Speaker 1: one out requiring or more peanut content coming out less fat.

667
00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:40,200
Speaker 1: The process took so long and was so difficult and

668
00:41:40,320 --> 00:41:44,000
Speaker 1: so expensive, the f d A was like Nope, never again,

669
00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:47,319
Speaker 1: and decided to focus less on defining foods and more

670
00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:52,000
Speaker 1: on safe and transparent food labeling. Without this shift, mayonnaise

671
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,120
Speaker 1: may never have come to be. Oh wait, wait, wait wait,

672
00:41:55,120 --> 00:41:58,200
Speaker 1: first we have this John Harvey Kellogg thing, and now

673
00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:02,000
Speaker 1: Manna's was able to be created because of peanut butter.

674
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:07,440
Speaker 1: My food nemessis my hero food led to my villain food.

675
00:42:07,840 --> 00:42:11,399
Speaker 1: I have so much, so much to think about. Isn't

676
00:42:11,400 --> 00:42:15,120
Speaker 1: that how the story goes? The Avengers, they've almost everyone,

677
00:42:15,120 --> 00:42:17,560
Speaker 1: it's the Covia, but not that one dude's family who

678
00:42:17,640 --> 00:42:21,000
Speaker 1: tears them apart in Civil War. My brain is almost

679
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:24,520
Speaker 1: all peanut butter, popcorn, and Marvel and Harry Potter. I

680
00:42:24,560 --> 00:42:28,759
Speaker 1: hope like two people understood that reference, but I got it. Yeah,

681
00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:32,879
Speaker 1: it was just for you. Thank you al write peanut butter.

682
00:42:33,120 --> 00:42:34,920
Speaker 1: I guess I would rather have peanut butter in the

683
00:42:34,960 --> 00:42:40,960
Speaker 1: world and deal with mayonnaise. Yeah, but I do need

684
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:44,719
Speaker 1: to think on things. Um. And while this whole thing

685
00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:48,600
Speaker 1: was going on, Smuckers introduced a new product called goober

686
00:42:48,920 --> 00:42:51,920
Speaker 1: In and I llowed when I read this, and then

687
00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:55,200
Speaker 1: I realized it's still around. If you don't recognize the name,

688
00:42:55,200 --> 00:42:57,560
Speaker 1: goober is the combo of peanut butter and jelly in

689
00:42:57,640 --> 00:43:01,480
Speaker 1: one jar. Usually like stripes. You can find them in

690
00:43:01,520 --> 00:43:07,719
Speaker 1: strawberry crepe and chocolate flavors. Okay, here's another fun side story.

691
00:43:08,040 --> 00:43:11,520
Speaker 1: I can't can't mention peanut butter without mentioning Elvis Presley. No,

692
00:43:12,120 --> 00:43:17,360
Speaker 1: apparently not legend goes. In nine six one, Elvis Presley

693
00:43:17,560 --> 00:43:19,960
Speaker 1: was entertaining some friends from out of town at his

694
00:43:20,040 --> 00:43:22,800
Speaker 1: home in Graceland, and these friends worked for the Denver,

695
00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:26,080
Speaker 1: Colorado Police Force. They got to talking about a favorite

696
00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:28,759
Speaker 1: sandwich of theirs back in Denver, and Elvis did that

697
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:31,200
Speaker 1: rich person thing and was like, you know, that sounds good.

698
00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:34,000
Speaker 1: Let's go. And they hopped on his private jet sometime

699
00:43:34,040 --> 00:43:37,839
Speaker 1: around midnight and left for Denver. The couple that owned

700
00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:40,560
Speaker 1: the restaurant that made the sandwich that these hungry fellows

701
00:43:40,560 --> 00:43:43,440
Speaker 1: were talking about met them in the hangar and they

702
00:43:43,520 --> 00:43:47,520
Speaker 1: all spent three hours eating sandwiches, washdown with champagne. What

703
00:43:47,640 --> 00:43:51,400
Speaker 1: a life. Um. The sandwich was called the Fool's Gold Loaf,

704
00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:53,799
Speaker 1: and the price tag would run you around sixty five

705
00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:56,680
Speaker 1: dollars at its highest. And what was it to ask?

706
00:43:57,600 --> 00:44:00,960
Speaker 1: A holod out loaf that was off with an entire

707
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:04,799
Speaker 1: jar of peanut butter, a jar of jelly, and a

708
00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:08,440
Speaker 1: pound of bacon. Oh my goodness. Well, and then you

709
00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:11,440
Speaker 1: like slice it like like like a peanut butter, jelly

710
00:44:11,440 --> 00:44:14,600
Speaker 1: and bacon g ode. Oh man, it looked I mean

711
00:44:14,640 --> 00:44:16,799
Speaker 1: it looked like a sandwich you'd get a subway like

712
00:44:16,840 --> 00:44:23,560
Speaker 1: a six inch but it was stuffed, hollowed out and stuffed. Um. Nowadays,

713
00:44:23,600 --> 00:44:26,600
Speaker 1: when you see an Elvis named sandwich is usually peanut butter,

714
00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:29,759
Speaker 1: bacon and banana. I find he was pretty well known

715
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:32,759
Speaker 1: for loving peanut butter and banana sandwiches. Um, but that's

716
00:44:32,760 --> 00:44:35,040
Speaker 1: in general where it comes from. Although his mom said

717
00:44:35,040 --> 00:44:37,319
Speaker 1: he'd eat peanut butter, bacon and banana sandwich is pretty

718
00:44:37,360 --> 00:44:40,399
Speaker 1: feverishly according to one cookbook. I've actually never had one,

719
00:44:40,440 --> 00:44:43,160
Speaker 1: but I mean it sounds just nice. Well, it's pretty good.

720
00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:48,840
Speaker 1: There's a a burger joint rounds about Atlantic called the Vortex.

721
00:44:49,680 --> 00:44:52,799
Speaker 1: They have a lot of sandwiches that, um, when you read,

722
00:44:52,840 --> 00:44:56,000
Speaker 1: you're like, that's terrible for you, stunt sandwiches. Yeah, but

723
00:44:56,080 --> 00:44:59,359
Speaker 1: I want it nonetheless. Um. And they have a like

724
00:44:59,480 --> 00:45:03,680
Speaker 1: Elvis Burger and it's like a burger that got peanut butter,

725
00:45:03,800 --> 00:45:07,799
Speaker 1: bacon in banana. Yeah, it's good, I believe you. I

726
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:09,840
Speaker 1: mean it's one of those things where like three bites in,

727
00:45:09,960 --> 00:45:13,600
Speaker 1: you're like, well I've had enough. I really liked it

728
00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:16,759
Speaker 1: while it lasted, but this has got to come to

729
00:45:16,760 --> 00:45:23,600
Speaker 1: an end. Um. And speaking kind of health concerns, health

730
00:45:23,600 --> 00:45:26,120
Speaker 1: concerns around. Peanut Better caused a sales slump in the

731
00:45:26,160 --> 00:45:29,040
Speaker 1: eighties and nineties, but they picked back up again in

732
00:45:29,080 --> 00:45:32,439
Speaker 1: the recession since still long lasting, healthy ish, cheap food

733
00:45:32,440 --> 00:45:35,279
Speaker 1: stuff kids like it. However, with the dawn of the

734
00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:39,040
Speaker 1: new millennium and more and more artisanal and organic peanut

735
00:45:39,080 --> 00:45:44,879
Speaker 1: butter hitting the shelves, it's a it's a whole new

736
00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:50,000
Speaker 1: world kind of peanut butter is just it's there to stay,

737
00:45:50,040 --> 00:45:53,960
Speaker 1: but also doing a lot of experimentation. It's for everybody's

738
00:45:54,040 --> 00:45:56,360
Speaker 1: there's a market for anything that you're in the market for.

739
00:45:56,800 --> 00:46:00,640
Speaker 1: It's for everybody that doesn't have a peanut well, yes, absolutely,

740
00:46:02,000 --> 00:46:05,160
Speaker 1: it's for people that it's that can eat it without dying.

741
00:46:05,239 --> 00:46:09,400
Speaker 1: There you go. These health concerns didn't stop the opening

742
00:46:09,400 --> 00:46:13,400
Speaker 1: of Manhattan's Peanut Butter and Co. In It closed in

743
00:46:14,160 --> 00:46:16,280
Speaker 1: but they used to have all kinds of fancy takes

744
00:46:16,320 --> 00:46:17,640
Speaker 1: on the PB and J, and you can still find

745
00:46:17,640 --> 00:46:20,080
Speaker 1: the menu online if you're just kind of curious like

746
00:46:20,160 --> 00:46:24,400
Speaker 1: I was. The peanut butter jelly time meme viral flash

747
00:46:24,400 --> 00:46:27,359
Speaker 1: clip made a splash in two thousand two. I'm not

748
00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:30,040
Speaker 1: gonna sing it, but you've probably seen it. I'm sure

749
00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:32,480
Speaker 1: you know that you know what we're talking about. If not,

750
00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:34,759
Speaker 1: I guess google it. If that's how you want to

751
00:46:34,760 --> 00:46:37,120
Speaker 1: spend the rest of your life is having that in

752
00:46:37,120 --> 00:46:40,840
Speaker 1: your head. In the early two thousand's, increasing diagnoses of

753
00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:45,040
Speaker 1: anaphylactic peanut allergies caused some school systems, mostly in the

754
00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:48,359
Speaker 1: US and Canada, but another spots worldwide to totally ban

755
00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:52,000
Speaker 1: peanut butter and other peanut products. Research, by the way,

756
00:46:52,040 --> 00:46:54,600
Speaker 1: has found that total bands don't really work. Um schools

757
00:46:54,600 --> 00:46:57,759
Speaker 1: with bands have the same number of EPI penn emergencies

758
00:46:57,800 --> 00:47:02,520
Speaker 1: as schools without bands, but establishing peanut free tables in

759
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:06,480
Speaker 1: lunch rooms does work, so research to look at if

760
00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:09,799
Speaker 1: this is a cause for concerning your community. Starting in

761
00:47:09,960 --> 00:47:13,560
Speaker 1: two thousand seven, there were a number of a large

762
00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:16,600
Speaker 1: scale outbreaks of salmonella due to peanut butter and other

763
00:47:16,640 --> 00:47:20,400
Speaker 1: products containing it. One of the largest of these, traced

764
00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:25,280
Speaker 1: to ConAgra Foods brands Peter Pan and Great Value, sickened

765
00:47:25,320 --> 00:47:28,640
Speaker 1: between six hundred and seven hundred people across forty seven

766
00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:31,520
Speaker 1: states and resulted in what the Justice Department said was

767
00:47:31,560 --> 00:47:35,680
Speaker 1: the highest criminal fine ever in a food investigation eleven

768
00:47:35,719 --> 00:47:41,759
Speaker 1: point to million dollars. Whoa uh Salmonella are are bacteria

769
00:47:41,800 --> 00:47:44,719
Speaker 1: that can infect your guts and cause all kinds of unpleasantness.

770
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:47,400
Speaker 1: They're passed along through feces and can can hit your

771
00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:51,759
Speaker 1: ride on meats or plants via contamination during processing. For

772
00:47:51,760 --> 00:47:54,360
Speaker 1: for a chicken breast, that might be contamination with chicken

773
00:47:54,360 --> 00:47:56,719
Speaker 1: guts during butchery. For peanuts, it might be like a

774
00:47:56,800 --> 00:47:59,840
Speaker 1: leaky roof and infected bird droppings getting into the factory

775
00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:03,759
Speaker 1: cooking foods too. Recommended temperatures usually over like a D

776
00:48:03,920 --> 00:48:07,560
Speaker 1: and thirty degrees fahrenheit. That's fifty four degrees celsius will

777
00:48:07,640 --> 00:48:13,960
Speaker 1: kill salmonella and basically all other pathogenic or disease causing bacteria. Um.

778
00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:16,840
Speaker 1: And that's part of why peanuts are generally roasted before

779
00:48:16,880 --> 00:48:20,040
Speaker 1: being made into peanut butter. I mean, the other reason

780
00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:23,799
Speaker 1: is that it makes them tasty. But yeah, However, if

781
00:48:23,840 --> 00:48:27,200
Speaker 1: the bacteria get into peanut butter after that roasting part

782
00:48:27,200 --> 00:48:30,879
Speaker 1: of the process, it's like game over, man, It's it's

783
00:48:30,920 --> 00:48:34,040
Speaker 1: bad news. Um uh. Fats tend to protect these microbes

784
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:37,280
Speaker 1: from the acids of our stomach that might otherwise kill them.

785
00:48:37,320 --> 00:48:41,520
Speaker 1: So food safety experts generally agreed that that eleven point

786
00:48:41,520 --> 00:48:44,080
Speaker 1: two million dollar fine. In that peter Pan case was

787
00:48:44,120 --> 00:48:46,520
Speaker 1: a really good thing. Is it hopefully put them and

788
00:48:46,600 --> 00:48:50,640
Speaker 1: other big manufacturers on their toes. Yeah, hey, buddies, let's

789
00:48:50,640 --> 00:48:52,839
Speaker 1: watch out for this one. Yeah, yeah, I remember that

790
00:48:52,880 --> 00:48:57,719
Speaker 1: because I believe there's a big peter Pan factory in Georgia. Yeah,

791
00:48:57,719 --> 00:49:01,400
Speaker 1: it was from one of the Georgia facilities. Basically, as

792
00:49:01,440 --> 00:49:04,919
Speaker 1: far as I'm aware, all of the major outbreaks were

793
00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:07,919
Speaker 1: from Georgia facilities. But that's not terribly surprising because we're

794
00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:13,440
Speaker 1: the largest producers. So yeah, I remember it though. Oh yeah,

795
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:16,400
Speaker 1: there was a huge recall. Yeah, the news broken like

796
00:49:16,440 --> 00:49:18,840
Speaker 1: two thousand seven and they recalled all of their peanut

797
00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:24,120
Speaker 1: butter that had been made back too. Yeah that's massive. Yeah. Uh.

798
00:49:24,320 --> 00:49:28,759
Speaker 1: These days, snack and recipe sized portions individual cups of

799
00:49:28,800 --> 00:49:31,439
Speaker 1: peanut butter are pretty common in grossery stores, tapping into

800
00:49:31,440 --> 00:49:37,200
Speaker 1: those convenience markets. Yeah, and of course, researchers are trying

801
00:49:37,200 --> 00:49:41,360
Speaker 1: to build better peanut butter with better peanuts. Newly developed

802
00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:44,600
Speaker 1: varieties are more dizse resistant, stay fresh longer, and have

803
00:49:44,640 --> 00:49:47,400
Speaker 1: a higher percentage of the good fats. M m m

804
00:49:47,560 --> 00:49:53,000
Speaker 1: m m m m uh. And that's verging on science.

805
00:49:53,080 --> 00:49:55,359
Speaker 1: But we have not quite reached our science portion yet.

806
00:49:55,480 --> 00:49:58,759
Speaker 1: Not yet. We will do. After a quick break for

807
00:49:58,760 --> 00:50:11,279
Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes,

808
00:50:11,360 --> 00:50:15,839
Speaker 1: thank you. So. Scientifically speaking, peanut butter is pretty cool

809
00:50:15,960 --> 00:50:19,319
Speaker 1: for a number of reasons. It's high fat and low

810
00:50:19,360 --> 00:50:22,400
Speaker 1: water content mean that it is an unfriendly environment for

811
00:50:22,520 --> 00:50:26,040
Speaker 1: bacteria and molds to grow in, even for prolonged periods

812
00:50:26,080 --> 00:50:28,880
Speaker 1: hanging out at room temperature. And by low water content,

813
00:50:28,960 --> 00:50:30,799
Speaker 1: I mean like really low, like peanut butter is only

814
00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:35,200
Speaker 1: about two water. The oils in it, the unsaturated oils

815
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:37,319
Speaker 1: in it anyway, will start to go rancid after a

816
00:50:37,400 --> 00:50:40,279
Speaker 1: year or so a room temperature, but that's generally all

817
00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:43,360
Speaker 1: you really have to worry about. And this this is

818
00:50:43,360 --> 00:50:49,719
Speaker 1: going to be a sidebar about rancidity. Rancidity sidebar that

819
00:50:49,760 --> 00:50:54,120
Speaker 1: sounds like a band and I want to go to

820
00:50:54,160 --> 00:50:56,160
Speaker 1: their show. I'm pretty sure I've been to that show,

821
00:50:57,960 --> 00:51:03,080
Speaker 1: all right. Rancidity is what happens when unsaturated oils interact

822
00:51:03,200 --> 00:51:05,960
Speaker 1: with oxygen. The the oxygen breaks down some of the

823
00:51:06,000 --> 00:51:10,480
Speaker 1: lipid compounds, turning the tasty kind of bright fatty flavors

824
00:51:10,480 --> 00:51:15,560
Speaker 1: into these gross, sour, bitter, fishy or even soapy flavors

825
00:51:16,080 --> 00:51:20,359
Speaker 1: bad times, and this process can be kick started by

826
00:51:20,400 --> 00:51:23,600
Speaker 1: exposure to air. Of course, the oxygen is in the air,

827
00:51:23,719 --> 00:51:27,080
Speaker 1: but also a heat, light and humidity will speed it up.

828
00:51:27,719 --> 00:51:30,080
Speaker 1: And it's not just when an oil is like old

829
00:51:30,360 --> 00:51:33,160
Speaker 1: that um. Have you ever noticed that kind of off

830
00:51:33,280 --> 00:51:35,279
Speaker 1: fishy smell that you start to get when you use

831
00:51:35,360 --> 00:51:37,480
Speaker 1: the same pan of oil to fry like a whole

832
00:51:37,520 --> 00:51:41,240
Speaker 1: bunch of batches of food, even if it's not fish,

833
00:51:41,600 --> 00:51:44,320
Speaker 1: but you can get that fishy note. And that's that's rancidity.

834
00:51:44,320 --> 00:51:47,280
Speaker 1: That's the heat of the oil starting to make the

835
00:51:47,400 --> 00:51:48,960
Speaker 1: heat of the pants starting to make the oil go

836
00:51:49,000 --> 00:51:53,960
Speaker 1: a little bit rancid. But peanut butter resists rancidity better

837
00:51:53,960 --> 00:51:55,880
Speaker 1: than many other products because they've got a lot of

838
00:51:55,960 --> 00:51:58,680
Speaker 1: vitamin E, which is an antioxidant, which means that it

839
00:51:58,719 --> 00:52:01,640
Speaker 1: can help block they gen from breaking down at those

840
00:52:01,680 --> 00:52:06,680
Speaker 1: lipid molecules. And and don't don't panic. Slightly rancid oils

841
00:52:06,680 --> 00:52:09,839
Speaker 1: like those in old peanut butter can still be just

842
00:52:10,080 --> 00:52:13,200
Speaker 1: perfectly okay to eat. Um, though some of the same

843
00:52:13,239 --> 00:52:16,600
Speaker 1: compounds that smell and taste weird can also break down

844
00:52:16,680 --> 00:52:19,600
Speaker 1: some of the vitamins in the product, making it less nutritious,

845
00:52:19,680 --> 00:52:22,840
Speaker 1: and there have been cases of like very rancid oils

846
00:52:22,880 --> 00:52:27,120
Speaker 1: causing digestive upset. I mean basically, if it smells bad

847
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:31,720
Speaker 1: or tastes bad, don't don't eat it. Pretty decent, decent advice,

848
00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:36,200
Speaker 1: except for like my favorite cheeses, true and beers and

849
00:52:36,560 --> 00:52:39,520
Speaker 1: maybe pickles and a lot of other things. But in

850
00:52:39,560 --> 00:52:44,960
Speaker 1: the case of maybe peanut butter oils, yes, yes. To

851
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:48,360
Speaker 1: prevent the rancidity of peanut butter and other oil based products,

852
00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:53,640
Speaker 1: including oils, um store them tightly sealed in a cool, dry,

853
00:52:53,719 --> 00:52:58,640
Speaker 1: dark place, you know, like a cupboard. Oh yeah, maybe

854
00:52:58,640 --> 00:53:02,480
Speaker 1: not like right over the stove. Yeah. Um, Storing peanut

855
00:53:02,480 --> 00:53:04,799
Speaker 1: butter in the fridge will extend its lifespan, but it's

856
00:53:04,840 --> 00:53:09,799
Speaker 1: not necessary. Yeah, especially if you're going through it, like

857
00:53:09,840 --> 00:53:11,680
Speaker 1: in less than a year. I was about to say.

858
00:53:11,760 --> 00:53:13,520
Speaker 1: Dylan was like, how much do you think you go through?

859
00:53:13,560 --> 00:53:15,759
Speaker 1: I go about through two or three jars here, And

860
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:17,759
Speaker 1: I was like, I'm pretty sure I go through at

861
00:53:17,840 --> 00:53:21,320
Speaker 1: least one a month. I don't think I have to

862
00:53:21,320 --> 00:53:23,560
Speaker 1: worry about this. Yeah, no, no, no, no, you're you're

863
00:53:23,560 --> 00:53:26,560
Speaker 1: absolutely fine. Um. But yeah, the whole rincidity issue is

864
00:53:26,600 --> 00:53:29,080
Speaker 1: part of why manufacturers will add a little bit of

865
00:53:29,120 --> 00:53:32,640
Speaker 1: those saturated fats in to um to to a get

866
00:53:32,680 --> 00:53:35,080
Speaker 1: get the emulsion going where it's going to be a smooth,

867
00:53:35,080 --> 00:53:38,960
Speaker 1: consistent product in the jar without doing that separation of

868
00:53:39,000 --> 00:53:41,800
Speaker 1: oils that you see in natural peanut butters and be

869
00:53:42,040 --> 00:53:46,279
Speaker 1: to um to to help offset the UH. The tendency

870
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:49,319
Speaker 1: of those unsaturated oils that are naturally in peanuts from

871
00:53:49,560 --> 00:53:54,839
Speaker 1: going rancid, yes um peanut butters, shelf stability and high

872
00:53:54,960 --> 00:53:58,080
Speaker 1: energy density from all that oil content also make it

873
00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:03,000
Speaker 1: a great candidate for emergency nutritive care UH. During the

874
00:54:03,080 --> 00:54:05,680
Speaker 1: nineteen nineties, in the midst of of hunger epidemics around

875
00:54:05,680 --> 00:54:08,880
Speaker 1: the world, the French Institute of Research for Development and

876
00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:13,000
Speaker 1: food manufacturer Nutriset developed what would be the first peanut

877
00:54:13,040 --> 00:54:17,440
Speaker 1: based ready to use Therapeutic food UM or r U

878
00:54:17,560 --> 00:54:19,960
Speaker 1: t F, which is sort of like an m r E,

879
00:54:20,080 --> 00:54:22,440
Speaker 1: a meal ready to eat intended not as a ration

880
00:54:22,800 --> 00:54:27,840
Speaker 1: but for treating severe acute malnutrition. And it's a packet

881
00:54:27,840 --> 00:54:31,120
Speaker 1: of basically like super peanut butter, um ground peanuts, sugar

882
00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:34,640
Speaker 1: and oil, plus milk powder for protein and added vitamins

883
00:54:34,640 --> 00:54:38,520
Speaker 1: and minerals and these This stuff has a leg up

884
00:54:38,560 --> 00:54:42,320
Speaker 1: on other therapeutic foods because it doesn't require preparation or water.

885
00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:44,400
Speaker 1: You can just hand them out to families who can

886
00:54:44,480 --> 00:54:47,000
Speaker 1: use them at home, and they pack about five calories

887
00:54:47,000 --> 00:54:49,600
Speaker 1: into this really small unit. If you've ever seen a

888
00:54:49,600 --> 00:54:51,799
Speaker 1: photo of a of a hungry kid eating from like

889
00:54:51,840 --> 00:54:55,000
Speaker 1: a brightly colored packet since the bid nineties, it was

890
00:54:55,040 --> 00:54:58,719
Speaker 1: probably a peanut based our ut f UM, though other

891
00:54:58,880 --> 00:55:02,239
Speaker 1: lagoons like like chick peas and mentals are used, and

892
00:55:02,440 --> 00:55:06,160
Speaker 1: organizations like UNICEF distribute a lot of it, some thirty

893
00:55:06,200 --> 00:55:10,120
Speaker 1: five thousand metric tons per year, which is enough to

894
00:55:10,200 --> 00:55:13,719
Speaker 1: treat about two point five million children. It's not the

895
00:55:13,719 --> 00:55:17,239
Speaker 1: best long term plan because it's it's expensive do that

896
00:55:17,280 --> 00:55:19,839
Speaker 1: milk powder. Um. You know, it's foreign aid based, which

897
00:55:19,840 --> 00:55:23,879
Speaker 1: isn't helping people UM in the long term, and it's

898
00:55:23,920 --> 00:55:27,480
Speaker 1: better for for emergencies than as a permanent nutritional supplement.

899
00:55:27,840 --> 00:55:34,000
Speaker 1: But it's pretty great that it exists. Yeah, absolutely, um.

900
00:55:34,040 --> 00:55:37,520
Speaker 1: And I we didn't really go into this, but from

901
00:55:37,560 --> 00:55:41,640
Speaker 1: what I have read doing the research for this, and

902
00:55:41,640 --> 00:55:43,879
Speaker 1: also kind of outside because I do love peanut butter

903
00:55:43,960 --> 00:55:45,879
Speaker 1: so I'll read pretty much any of like peanut butter

904
00:55:46,320 --> 00:55:52,880
Speaker 1: um there's no real difference of peanut butter, says organic. Um.

905
00:55:53,040 --> 00:55:57,080
Speaker 1: Like health wise, there's at least not a lot of

906
00:55:57,760 --> 00:56:01,640
Speaker 1: proved to back that up. Currently, we still we still

907
00:56:01,640 --> 00:56:05,000
Speaker 1: need a whole episode about organics and what that term

908
00:56:05,000 --> 00:56:08,160
Speaker 1: doesn't does not mean, um in the United States, because

909
00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:12,760
Speaker 1: it means that certain kinds of treatments can't be applied

910
00:56:13,760 --> 00:56:18,319
Speaker 1: two plants. But yeah, others still can. Yeah, but if

911
00:56:18,360 --> 00:56:21,640
Speaker 1: you like, I mean, it's usually more expensive. Um they're

912
00:56:21,640 --> 00:56:22,960
Speaker 1: working in it kind of peanut butter. But I do

913
00:56:23,040 --> 00:56:24,799
Speaker 1: have an organic kind of peanut butter that I just

914
00:56:25,160 --> 00:56:28,960
Speaker 1: prefer so, you know, I mean from the manufacturing process,

915
00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:32,799
Speaker 1: probably not from yeah, yeah, yeah, just taste wise, I

916
00:56:32,840 --> 00:56:36,919
Speaker 1: like it. I like a lot of peanut butters. Though.

917
00:56:38,719 --> 00:56:42,400
Speaker 1: This has been a very delightful episode for me. I'm sorry, Lauren.

918
00:56:42,440 --> 00:56:44,040
Speaker 1: You did get to try a little bit on that

919
00:56:44,120 --> 00:56:46,319
Speaker 1: sand Yeah, no, I mean I can. I can have

920
00:56:46,360 --> 00:56:48,439
Speaker 1: a little bit without it upsetting my stomach too much.

921
00:56:48,480 --> 00:56:51,120
Speaker 1: It's it's just it's an intolerance, not a not an allergy.

922
00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:54,040
Speaker 1: But so I can, I can have a little that. Um.

923
00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:56,680
Speaker 1: It was so good though, Like I had forgotten because

924
00:56:56,719 --> 00:56:59,040
Speaker 1: I've been having like almond butter and cashe butter stuff

925
00:56:59,080 --> 00:57:01,800
Speaker 1: like that sun butter. And it's not the same, y'all.

926
00:57:01,920 --> 00:57:04,839
Speaker 1: It's not. It's delicious in its own right, but it's

927
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:07,960
Speaker 1: not the same. It's not the same. Um that story

928
00:57:07,960 --> 00:57:10,359
Speaker 1: I told earlier about the guy in Europe who did

929
00:57:10,400 --> 00:57:14,239
Speaker 1: that like American theme meal for me, my um. I

930
00:57:14,280 --> 00:57:19,560
Speaker 1: was living with another exchange student who um had a

931
00:57:19,720 --> 00:57:23,360
Speaker 1: very severe peanut allergy and I wasn't allowed to have

932
00:57:23,400 --> 00:57:26,800
Speaker 1: peanut butter in the house. UM, so I have my

933
00:57:26,840 --> 00:57:29,120
Speaker 1: emergency jar and I remember having a moment of like

934
00:57:30,160 --> 00:57:34,400
Speaker 1: what do I do? Like sad music is playing. I

935
00:57:34,600 --> 00:57:36,680
Speaker 1: ate all that peanut butter. I left it at my office.

936
00:57:37,120 --> 00:57:41,720
Speaker 1: There you go. But that was another thing exacerbating my

937
00:57:41,960 --> 00:57:48,880
Speaker 1: desire for peanut butter. You literally couldn't. I couldn't. Oh man. Yeah,

938
00:57:48,960 --> 00:57:50,800
Speaker 1: this has been a really fun one, and there's a

939
00:57:51,240 --> 00:57:53,600
Speaker 1: I definitely really do want to come back and talk

940
00:57:53,640 --> 00:57:57,200
Speaker 1: about peanuts and peanut allergies and I really could do

941
00:57:57,240 --> 00:57:59,680
Speaker 1: a whole Just let me have a peanut butter side

942
00:58:00,560 --> 00:58:04,760
Speaker 1: side podcast, any kind of peanut butter related thing, I'll

943
00:58:04,800 --> 00:58:09,840
Speaker 1: talk about it. Reese's get in touch with this, right,

944
00:58:10,480 --> 00:58:14,320
Speaker 1: come on. I narrowed that down to you. It was like,

945
00:58:14,360 --> 00:58:16,840
Speaker 1: any this is just kind of related to peanut butter.

946
00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:22,480
Speaker 1: You needed chill out self exactly, but I couldn't stop

947
00:58:22,480 --> 00:58:26,160
Speaker 1: myself from putting a story. It's a good story, it

948
00:58:26,240 --> 00:58:32,400
Speaker 1: really is. And that brings us to the end of

949
00:58:32,440 --> 00:58:35,680
Speaker 1: this classic episode. I truly hope you got even a

950
00:58:35,760 --> 00:58:38,960
Speaker 1: fraction of the enjoyment I got out of doing it

951
00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:43,400
Speaker 1: and honestly just talking about it again, like smile on

952
00:58:43,480 --> 00:58:49,040
Speaker 1: my face, very happy. Oh oh, absolutely absolutely, um uh,

953
00:58:49,560 --> 00:58:51,480
Speaker 1: I do I do want to put in here. It's

954
00:58:51,480 --> 00:58:54,360
Speaker 1: so it's so interesting going back and listening to stuff

955
00:58:54,360 --> 00:58:57,600
Speaker 1: from even I mean is like a long time ago,

956
00:58:57,640 --> 00:59:01,640
Speaker 1: but it's not that long ago. Um. However, there's there's

957
00:59:01,680 --> 00:59:05,760
Speaker 1: a few things, you know, we and everyone are continually

958
00:59:06,080 --> 00:59:07,840
Speaker 1: learning and growing, and so you know, like some of

959
00:59:07,880 --> 00:59:11,560
Speaker 1: the language that we used around enslaved people in this

960
00:59:11,640 --> 00:59:15,200
Speaker 1: episode is not what we would use today. And also, um,

961
00:59:15,280 --> 00:59:18,439
Speaker 1: you know just heck j k rowling right to heck.

962
00:59:18,720 --> 00:59:21,800
Speaker 1: Just you know, uh that that is a statement that

963
00:59:21,840 --> 00:59:27,040
Speaker 1: I make completely comfortably. Um, and especially right now when

964
00:59:27,120 --> 00:59:33,640
Speaker 1: the controversy about buying a new product from that franchise

965
00:59:34,440 --> 00:59:37,960
Speaker 1: um that she is famous for is really raging. Um,

966
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:40,360
Speaker 1: if you are not on Twitter, maybe you have not heard.

967
00:59:40,480 --> 00:59:45,080
Speaker 1: But yes there's a controversy about that. Um so yeah, um.

968
00:59:45,160 --> 00:59:49,600
Speaker 1: You know things are complicated, but we still find the

969
00:59:49,720 --> 00:59:54,520
Speaker 1: joy where we can. And again, the joy of peanut

970
00:59:54,560 --> 01:00:01,520
Speaker 1: butter is pure. It is, it is h and I

971
01:00:01,600 --> 01:00:06,680
Speaker 1: hope listeners if you have any peanut butter recipes, peanut

972
01:00:06,760 --> 01:00:14,040
Speaker 1: butter opinions, thoughts about peanut butter, I would love to

973
01:00:14,200 --> 01:00:18,720
Speaker 1: hear from you. Oh yeah, oh, it would be It

974
01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:22,320
Speaker 1: would be a gift, truly, it truly would. You can

975
01:00:22,440 --> 01:00:26,480
Speaker 1: email us at Hello at savor pod dot com. You

976
01:00:26,520 --> 01:00:29,760
Speaker 1: can also find us on social media. We are on Twitter, Facebook,

977
01:00:29,800 --> 01:00:32,640
Speaker 1: and Instagram at saver pod, and we do hope to

978
01:00:32,640 --> 01:00:35,240
Speaker 1: hear from you. Savor is production of my Heart Radio.

979
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:37,640
Speaker 1: For more podcasts my Heart Radio, you can visit the

980
01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:40,640
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen

981
01:00:40,680 --> 01:00:43,880
Speaker 1: to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our super

982
01:00:43,920 --> 01:00:47,160
Speaker 1: producers Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening,

983
01:00:47,200 --> 01:00:48,880
Speaker 1: and we hope that lots more good things are coming

984
01:00:48,920 --> 01:00:49,320
Speaker 1: your way.