1 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 2 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:11,880 Speaker 2: There's a place on the Mountain View campus of Google's 3 00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:16,040 Speaker 2: parent company, Alphabet, where many of its most ambitious experimental 4 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:20,240 Speaker 2: ideas have been immortalized in a kind of technology museum. 5 00:00:21,079 --> 00:00:25,119 Speaker 2: Some of the projects on display are considered successes, like Waimo, 6 00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 2: Alphabet's self driving car company that's deployed driverless vehicles on 7 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:30,360 Speaker 2: the streets of San Francisco. 8 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:34,199 Speaker 1: We have been the first company to open up in 9 00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: the first writing service to the public, now expanding it 10 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:40,080 Speaker 1: to the largest contiguous service area on the planet. 11 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:44,440 Speaker 2: Others are infamous flops, like Google Glass, an attempt at 12 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,000 Speaker 2: high tech glasses, or Project Loon, a network of high 13 00:00:48,040 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 2: flying balloons that were meant to soar over remote parts 14 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:54,480 Speaker 2: of the world, beaming Internet down to homes and businesses. 15 00:00:55,080 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 1: Do we have any idea when there we might be 16 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:59,040 Speaker 1: a commercialization of the Balloom project. 17 00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 2: Of the project, it remains to be seen. I mean 18 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:04,679 Speaker 2: they were the last ones grounded in twenty twenty one. 19 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:08,399 Speaker 2: Other out there products have yet to be released, and 20 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:11,280 Speaker 2: all of them came out of one corner of Alphabet's 21 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:15,399 Speaker 2: business that's long been shrouded in mystery. A special projects 22 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:20,320 Speaker 2: group called X. Nope, I'm not talking about Elon Musk's 23 00:01:20,319 --> 00:01:24,800 Speaker 2: rebranded Twitter. This is Alphabets X, also known as the 24 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:27,160 Speaker 2: Moonshot Factory. X. 25 00:01:27,240 --> 00:01:30,960 Speaker 1: I think captured the public imagination and it really captured 26 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:35,680 Speaker 1: my imagination too. I remember hearing about X in particular 27 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 1: when I was a young tech reporter getting started in 28 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:41,960 Speaker 1: the Valley and it was shrouded in secrecy. 29 00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:46,080 Speaker 2: Julia Love covers Google and Alphabet for Bloomberg News, and 30 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 2: she recently visited x's headquarters for a tour of the 31 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:51,240 Speaker 2: lobby where the X Museum is housed. 32 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:55,400 Speaker 1: It's a really cool space. So you walk in and 33 00:01:56,240 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 1: there is a gigantic loon balloons suspended from the cla, 34 00:02:02,440 --> 00:02:07,720 Speaker 1: but then right across the way there is telecommunications terminal 35 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:12,120 Speaker 1: from Project Tara, which is an offshoot of Project Loom 36 00:02:12,200 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 1: that is still a live business that could spin out soon. 37 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:20,160 Speaker 1: And so I think it's really a space that captures 38 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:21,200 Speaker 1: the story of X. 39 00:02:22,120 --> 00:02:24,760 Speaker 2: But Julia says it's the future of X that is 40 00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:28,119 Speaker 2: the most uncertain because in the past few years, Julia's 41 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:31,720 Speaker 2: reporting found the Moonshot Factory has seen its budget shrink, 42 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 2: its ambitions curtailed, and its free wheeling spirit reined in 43 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:39,040 Speaker 2: as Alphabet has doubled down on its core products and 44 00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:43,920 Speaker 2: shifted focus to artificial intelligence. Some former employees say x 45 00:02:43,919 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 2: has evolved from a renegade team encouraged to invent the 46 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 2: next Google into a glorified startup incubator. Today on the show, 47 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 2: how Alphabet's Moonshot Factory came hurtling down to Earth and 48 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 2: what it means for the future of tech innovation in 49 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:03,120 Speaker 2: the age of AI. This is the big take from 50 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:10,880 Speaker 2: Bloomberg News. I'm Sarah Holder, So Julia, bring us back 51 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,360 Speaker 2: to the launch of Google's Moonshot project. What was the 52 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:16,679 Speaker 2: lab created to do in twenty ten? 53 00:03:17,320 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: This lab was born at a moment of really high 54 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:24,840 Speaker 1: ambition for Google. It was twenty ten and the search 55 00:03:24,880 --> 00:03:30,320 Speaker 1: engine was already thriving pretty much ubiquitous. But the founders 56 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:34,600 Speaker 1: had big ambitions far outside of search, and so they 57 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:38,360 Speaker 1: were already very interested in self driving cars, and they 58 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:41,520 Speaker 1: were in touch with a professor at Stanford known as 59 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: Sebastian's Run who they wanted to work with, and they 60 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:47,960 Speaker 1: decided that they would like to create a special lab 61 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:51,720 Speaker 1: to house that self driving car project and some other 62 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:56,280 Speaker 1: aspirations they had that were very far from the core business. 63 00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 2: And this was in Google's heady don't be evil days, right. 64 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 2: How did X fit into that vision of the company? 65 00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 1: Yeah, so I think that I's really symbolized this impact 66 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 1: that Google hoped to have in the world. They looked 67 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:16,800 Speaker 1: into things like teleportation, whoa, really nothing was off limits. 68 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,920 Speaker 2: You mentioned Thrun, the head of X in its early days. 69 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:24,560 Speaker 2: What was Thrun's priority early on? 70 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:29,320 Speaker 1: Throun is a really interesting figure. He was skeptical of 71 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:33,760 Speaker 1: corporate innovation labs, but he did ultimately agree to come 72 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:37,719 Speaker 1: on board, and before he set up, he took a 73 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: look back at the other labs that had existed previously, 74 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:46,279 Speaker 1: places like Bell Labs, the famous Xerox park, and he 75 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:49,560 Speaker 1: just he tried to assess the key principles that he 76 00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:54,520 Speaker 1: wanted to emulate, and that was to have very lean teams, 77 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:58,200 Speaker 1: to hire the very best people in the world, and 78 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:01,479 Speaker 1: to dole out bonuses to incentivize them. 79 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:04,279 Speaker 2: How did X interact with the rest of Google. 80 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:08,440 Speaker 1: At the time, X was really isolated. It was kind 81 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:10,680 Speaker 1: of viewed as the place where the cool kids in 82 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:14,720 Speaker 1: goodle sat. I think this leadership felt that in order 83 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:17,720 Speaker 1: to really achieve their mission, they had to be not 84 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 1: only isolated from the rest of Silicon Valley, but isolated 85 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:21,599 Speaker 1: from Goodle. 86 00:05:21,920 --> 00:05:24,520 Speaker 2: How unique was this approach in the tech industry at 87 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:27,680 Speaker 2: the time, where there's this sort of side project, secret 88 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:29,920 Speaker 2: layer where all the cool stuff is made. 89 00:05:30,440 --> 00:05:35,040 Speaker 1: X really kicked off a wave of grade area ambition 90 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:39,920 Speaker 1: in Silicon Valley. There are now many corporate labs that 91 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: kind of tached on ex to their name. We saw 92 00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:49,880 Speaker 1: Facebook setting up an initiative like this. Amazon Goodle itself 93 00:05:50,160 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 1: created an in house innovation lab Area one twenty. I 94 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:57,279 Speaker 1: think it was a time when tech companies were flesh 95 00:05:57,360 --> 00:05:59,279 Speaker 1: with cash and they wanted to experiment. 96 00:06:00,200 --> 00:06:03,760 Speaker 2: Experimentation as their goal. Making a bunch of money wasn't 97 00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:05,480 Speaker 2: the number one priority for. 98 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:09,800 Speaker 1: X Sebastian Thrun told me he gave projects as much 99 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:13,480 Speaker 1: money as they wanted. He was not really aware of 100 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: his budget, but that became very top of mind as 101 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:17,599 Speaker 1: the years wore on. 102 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,680 Speaker 2: Tren ended up leaving in twenty twelve. Who took over. 103 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,560 Speaker 1: The person who took over is Astro Teller. He was 104 00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:30,040 Speaker 1: Threund's right hand man when the lab was being founded, 105 00:06:30,160 --> 00:06:34,640 Speaker 1: and then he took the reins. He's the grandson of 106 00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:39,480 Speaker 1: Edward Teller, who's the father of the hydrogen bomb, and 107 00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:44,760 Speaker 1: he has really devoted his life to finding the formula 108 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:49,880 Speaker 1: for innovation within big companies. Was a little more mature 109 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:53,599 Speaker 1: when he took the reins. I think that he sought 110 00:06:53,640 --> 00:06:57,800 Speaker 1: to really systematize as his approach to have an engine 111 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 1: so that they could be birth new projects. He set 112 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:06,159 Speaker 1: up a team called rapid EVL that would stress test 113 00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: dozens and dozens of ideas to find the most promising 114 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:12,960 Speaker 1: and along the way, it was almost kind of like 115 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,240 Speaker 1: a video game where they would set goals for the 116 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:18,280 Speaker 1: projects and if they met them, then they would unlock 117 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 1: more resources. And the vision was that X would be 118 00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:26,480 Speaker 1: the birthplace of new companies that, when they reached a 119 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: certain point of maturity, would graduate into the family and 120 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:33,400 Speaker 1: become a letter in the alphabet. 121 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:37,200 Speaker 2: So what were some of the signs X's vaunted position 122 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:41,520 Speaker 2: was starting to change? When does that pivot point start 123 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:42,000 Speaker 2: to happen? 124 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: All along, projects were being killed. From the very early 125 00:07:47,960 --> 00:07:50,400 Speaker 1: days of X, it was always a place where the 126 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: vast majority of ideas just wouldn't work out. But over 127 00:07:53,960 --> 00:07:56,320 Speaker 1: time there was much more of a sense of the 128 00:07:56,320 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: moonshots having to show a business plan Alphabet didn't want 129 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:04,920 Speaker 1: to pour money into a venture and figure out a 130 00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:09,920 Speaker 1: business plan later. The lab was definitely under more scrutiny 131 00:08:10,360 --> 00:08:14,840 Speaker 1: ever since the formation of Alphabet, because that gave investors 132 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:20,160 Speaker 1: a lot more visibility into just how much money Alphabet 133 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:24,480 Speaker 1: was spending on the moonshots. So that was when the 134 00:08:24,520 --> 00:08:28,160 Speaker 1: heat started to turn up a bit. And then during 135 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 1: the pandemic, I think the lab started to fall on 136 00:08:32,440 --> 00:08:37,160 Speaker 1: some hard times. It was a moment ironically when budgets 137 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: were tightening within X, but in Silicon Valley it was 138 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:46,199 Speaker 1: a huge venture capital boom. Vcs were looking for startups 139 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:49,439 Speaker 1: to write chicks for and so some startups and X 140 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:52,640 Speaker 1: had a feeling that they would be better funded if 141 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:58,160 Speaker 1: they were on the outside. And then I think the 142 00:08:58,160 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 1: other real turning point was the launch of chat GPT, 143 00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: which really just became a five alarm fire for goodle 144 00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:13,360 Speaker 1: and prompted the executives to really focus on the core 145 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: business and artificial intelligence. 146 00:09:18,640 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 2: After the break. How that five alarm fire turned up 147 00:09:21,559 --> 00:09:24,160 Speaker 2: the heat at Alphabet and what it meant for the 148 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 2: X Lab, for its employees, and for the company's vision 149 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:38,559 Speaker 2: of its future. By the mid twenty tens, X had 150 00:09:38,559 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 2: become this moonshot factory. It survived changing leadership alphabetization, but 151 00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:47,640 Speaker 2: then in twenty twenty two, something else happened that causes 152 00:09:47,679 --> 00:09:51,080 Speaker 2: Google to panic. The rise of generative AI and the 153 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:55,840 Speaker 2: launch of chat GPT. How does Google react to chat gpt? 154 00:09:56,640 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 1: Chat GPT touches off a panic within Doodle. It's uncomfortable 155 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:08,960 Speaker 1: because they actually invented much of the technology that underpinned 156 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:13,480 Speaker 1: chat GPT, but now it seems like they're being leap 157 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:18,160 Speaker 1: fraud in this field that they helped create. And there's 158 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:21,440 Speaker 1: a real fear that people will start using chat GPT 159 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:25,800 Speaker 1: for search and that Doodle will be left in the dust. 160 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,680 Speaker 1: At the end of the day, the search advertising is 161 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:32,760 Speaker 1: what funds everything else, and so if people stopped turning 162 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:37,400 Speaker 1: to Doodle for search, then everything else would grind to 163 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:37,800 Speaker 1: a halt. 164 00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:41,840 Speaker 2: And then what does that panic mean for X? 165 00:10:42,679 --> 00:10:46,400 Speaker 1: I think it means that the company really drills down 166 00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:52,040 Speaker 1: much more on its core competencies in search, making sure 167 00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:55,360 Speaker 1: that search is innovating and keeping up with the times, 168 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:59,880 Speaker 1: and also in artificial intelligence. And so it means that 169 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:04,599 Speaker 1: F's is just less top of mind for alphabet leadership. 170 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,480 Speaker 2: This was an important turning point for X. Sources told 171 00:11:08,559 --> 00:11:11,080 Speaker 2: Julia that X has become less willing to bet on 172 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:15,120 Speaker 2: expensive out there ideas. The lab's budget has shrunk this year, 173 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:18,760 Speaker 2: and projects that originated within X are increasingly being spun 174 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 2: out as standalone startups. Julia spoke with one former ex 175 00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:27,240 Speaker 2: employee who's experienced this transition firsthand, Catherine Zealand. 176 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:32,880 Speaker 1: Catherine Zealand came up with a really interesting project. She 177 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:37,679 Speaker 1: was inspired by her grandmother who was struggling with mobility, 178 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 1: and so Catherine wanted to create a product that could 179 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:45,920 Speaker 1: help her grandmother and others move about the world. And 180 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:50,680 Speaker 1: so she started tinkering with an exoskeleton, and it was 181 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:55,840 Speaker 1: a project that just really became beloved by EX leadership 182 00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:59,600 Speaker 1: and the people within the lab. But as time went on, 183 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:05,320 Speaker 1: the tone started to shift. They started encouraging her to pivot, 184 00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:10,800 Speaker 1: to look into making an exoskeleton for warehouse workers, or 185 00:12:10,920 --> 00:12:15,840 Speaker 1: to looked into make immersive video game controllers, and that 186 00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:18,760 Speaker 1: just wasn't what Catherine wanted to do. She and her 187 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:23,640 Speaker 1: team were always really drawn to that original vision of 188 00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:28,160 Speaker 1: helping everyday people to move, and so Catherine started to 189 00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: question whether her future was within it. 190 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:36,959 Speaker 2: Eventually, Catherine decided to leave X and spin out her 191 00:12:36,960 --> 00:12:41,840 Speaker 2: exoskeleton project into a startup called Skip Innovations Incorporated. Her 192 00:12:41,880 --> 00:12:44,840 Speaker 2: salary is lower and the office is less cushy, but 193 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:48,000 Speaker 2: she can control how the technology is developed and marketed. 194 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:51,960 Speaker 2: But inside Alphabet, current employees are also grappling with the 195 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:53,360 Speaker 2: effects of X's shift. 196 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:58,719 Speaker 1: I think that feelings are mixed. I've heard from sources 197 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:03,120 Speaker 1: that some people are excited about the freedom that they 198 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: will have under this new structure, but it is a 199 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,960 Speaker 1: big change for employees. I think there are some people 200 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 1: who feel like this changes the purpose of that it 201 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:25,000 Speaker 1: distances itself from birthing the next doodle, and so there 202 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:26,760 Speaker 1: is some sadness about that. 203 00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:30,920 Speaker 2: And what does the company say about this new chapter 204 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:31,800 Speaker 2: For X. 205 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:37,280 Speaker 1: They are really framing this as just an organic evolution 206 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:42,280 Speaker 1: of their mission. They see it as something that will 207 00:13:42,960 --> 00:13:47,960 Speaker 1: really amplify their impact in the world by helping these 208 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 1: companies go to market faster, and so now is really 209 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: formalizing that path. They're putting in place a team that 210 00:13:59,440 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: is helping startups meet with investors, helping them learn how 211 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:11,000 Speaker 1: to pitch, and they seem to be gearing enough to 212 00:14:11,040 --> 00:14:14,160 Speaker 1: bring many more of these startups into the world. 213 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:21,240 Speaker 2: This broader pullback of some of these ambitious projects is 214 00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:24,840 Speaker 2: happening at other companies too. We've seen Apple abandoning its 215 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:28,600 Speaker 2: Apple Car project, Meta walking back some of its hardware efforts. 216 00:14:29,080 --> 00:14:31,680 Speaker 2: What is this story at X tell us about how 217 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:35,360 Speaker 2: big Silicon Valley is willing to dream these days. 218 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 1: So it's an interesting moment for innovation because I think 219 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:45,640 Speaker 1: that you see big tech companies still innovating, but in 220 00:14:45,680 --> 00:14:49,600 Speaker 1: a very focused way. Brutal, for example, is all in 221 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:56,160 Speaker 1: on AI. Amazon and Microsoft are also pouring resources into that, 222 00:14:56,960 --> 00:15:01,600 Speaker 1: and so I think that there's more innovation happening outside 223 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 1: of these big companies than we once saw. 224 00:15:04,800 --> 00:15:08,160 Speaker 2: Love says, in some ways, the story of Alphabet's Moonshot 225 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 2: lab is also a story of a wildly successful company 226 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:16,280 Speaker 2: settling into middle age, focusing its energies and resources. Moving forward, 227 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 2: Love expects to see x hone its focus around projects 228 00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:22,800 Speaker 2: that involve AI and to bring some of its moonshot 229 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:28,720 Speaker 2: ideas back to Earth. This is the big take from 230 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 2: Bloomberg News. I'm Sarah Holder. This episode was produced by 231 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,320 Speaker 2: Adrianna Tapia. It was edited by Stacy Vanicksmith and Mark Million. 232 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,800 Speaker 2: It was mixed by Blake Maples. It was fact checked 233 00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:43,040 Speaker 2: by Thomas lou Our senior producers are Kim Gitttleson and 234 00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:47,720 Speaker 2: Naomi Shaven. Our senior editor is Elizabeth Ponso. Nicole bimsterbor 235 00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:51,120 Speaker 2: is our executive producer. Sage Bauman is our head of podcasts. 236 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:54,200 Speaker 2: Thanks so much for listening. Please follow and review The 237 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 2: Big Take wherever you get your podcasts. It helps new 238 00:15:56,920 --> 00:16:03,040 Speaker 2: listeners find the show. We'll be back tomorrow.