1 00:00:04,200 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the short stuff. I'm Josh, Chuck, Jerry, 2 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,480 Speaker 1: Dave Spirit go hey. 3 00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:13,520 Speaker 2: Can I give the quickest music shout out? 4 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:16,920 Speaker 1: Making this yunger? 5 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:19,479 Speaker 2: I guess I know it's a shorty, but I just 6 00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 2: quickly want to say I went to see mud Honey 7 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:22,280 Speaker 2: last night. 8 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:22,799 Speaker 1: HM. 9 00:00:23,120 --> 00:00:26,720 Speaker 2: Sure, And boy, oh boy, if mud Honey comes through 10 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 2: your town on this tour and you have any love 11 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:33,240 Speaker 2: for that band from the old days, go go go. Okay, 12 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:39,599 Speaker 2: these guys just blistered you for twenty eight songs like 13 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:44,760 Speaker 2: it was nineteen ninety five and threw their stuff down 14 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:47,440 Speaker 2: and Mark Arm went to the mic and said, we 15 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:51,360 Speaker 2: still mud Honey and they got out of there and 16 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:56,440 Speaker 2: it was amazing. It blew me away. And my expectations 17 00:00:56,440 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 2: are already high. 18 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,920 Speaker 1: So but you can tell that they're aged because you 19 00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:02,760 Speaker 1: was like, this microphone's too expensive for me to drop here. 20 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:06,720 Speaker 1: He really thought that through God, this guy's are killer 21 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:09,199 Speaker 1: good right good good shout out Chuck. 22 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:11,679 Speaker 2: They petrified my ears? How about that for a segment. 23 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:14,320 Speaker 1: Oh that's a good one because we're talking about petrified wood, 24 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:16,280 Speaker 1: so that's like a perfect segue. I don't know if 25 00:01:16,319 --> 00:01:17,120 Speaker 1: you knew that or not. 26 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:18,759 Speaker 2: This is a good guess. 27 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:21,800 Speaker 1: So petrified wood. Whenever I think of that, I think 28 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:24,320 Speaker 1: of like the petrified forests, and I always just thought 29 00:01:24,319 --> 00:01:25,959 Speaker 1: it was like really hard wood. 30 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 2: I never knew the deal. 31 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, so wrong. And I should know this because we 32 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:33,600 Speaker 1: did a really great episode on fossils. But what petrified 33 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: wood is? This just fossilized wood Rather than an old 34 00:01:37,440 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 1: crusty chylobite or something like that. It's an old crusty 35 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:43,639 Speaker 1: tree that's now mineral not wood. 36 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, it's pretty remarkable. It's you know, it's what 37 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:52,920 Speaker 2: happens when the organic stuff within a tree, and not 38 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:56,720 Speaker 2: always a tree, but any kind of like woody material. 39 00:01:56,800 --> 00:01:58,480 Speaker 2: But we like to think of trees when we talk 40 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 2: about petrified things. Yeah, but this stuff is, you know, 41 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 2: it's fossilized from the inside out and it's replaced by minerals, 42 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:09,839 Speaker 2: a lot of times very heavy in silica. And that 43 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:16,880 Speaker 2: process is called per mineralization, and it usually takes millions 44 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:19,880 Speaker 2: of years, but as we'll see in a second, sometimes 45 00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:22,239 Speaker 2: it can happen in decades or hundreds of years given 46 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 2: the right conditions. 47 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:26,440 Speaker 1: My friend I saw that it can happen according to 48 00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:27,040 Speaker 1: one study. 49 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:29,239 Speaker 2: Well wait a minute, two days. 50 00:02:29,639 --> 00:02:33,440 Speaker 1: They found between seven and thirty six years is the fastest. Wow, 51 00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:34,800 Speaker 1: seven years. 52 00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:36,240 Speaker 2: It's like incredible. 53 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:38,600 Speaker 1: You might have a job as long as it takes 54 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 1: for this thing to be petrify and then you move 55 00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:43,480 Speaker 1: on somewhere else. And if you're like, the tree's already petrified, 56 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:43,679 Speaker 1: you know. 57 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:47,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, So here's the deal. Usually when a tree dies, 58 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 2: it rots, it decomposes, and it just decays, you know, 59 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:54,160 Speaker 2: like we've talked about plenty of times before micro organisms 60 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:57,359 Speaker 2: get in there, break all that stuff down, and it 61 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:01,560 Speaker 2: eventually just becomes part of the earth again. Sometimes, though, 62 00:03:02,040 --> 00:03:06,080 Speaker 2: a tree might fall and very very quickly it is 63 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:10,119 Speaker 2: buried over by something that shields it from oxygen, whether 64 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:14,519 Speaker 2: it be volcanic ash or mud or silt or something 65 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:19,360 Speaker 2: like that or mud honey or haha, very nice, but 66 00:03:19,639 --> 00:03:21,760 Speaker 2: it gets buried under that such that cuts it away, 67 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,560 Speaker 2: cuts off from oxygen. Oxygen is the big factor in 68 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,000 Speaker 2: that natural rot to decay, and so if that's not 69 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 2: around all of a sudden, it's decomposing really really slowly, 70 00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 2: and so slowly that those minerals that it's buried in 71 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:36,600 Speaker 2: can seep in. 72 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:39,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and those minerals are really important because if you 73 00:03:39,520 --> 00:03:41,760 Speaker 1: don't have minerals, what you end up with is coal 74 00:03:41,800 --> 00:03:43,080 Speaker 1: and then eventually diamonds. 75 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:43,320 Speaker 2: Right. 76 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, Like the decomposition is going to happen one way 77 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: or another. It's just going to take much longer without 78 00:03:49,440 --> 00:03:54,280 Speaker 1: oxygen if you have minerals. However, though, those minerals, that 79 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: mineral rich like mud or water, whatever that's present, can 80 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:03,040 Speaker 1: start to seep into that day tree, right gets in 81 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:05,080 Speaker 1: the pores, It gets in all the nooks and crannies 82 00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:08,680 Speaker 1: and the vascular stuff and all that. And as that 83 00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:13,880 Speaker 1: rot happens, as the tree itself actually decays, what remains 84 00:04:14,360 --> 00:04:18,640 Speaker 1: is that hardened mineral, usually silica, which eventually over time 85 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:23,480 Speaker 1: forms quartz. And because it's filled up those poores so completely, 86 00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:28,400 Speaker 1: even though there's the trees itself is not left any longer, 87 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: a mineral rock version of that tree is left behind. 88 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,320 Speaker 1: That's a petrified tree. 89 00:04:36,920 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 2: Yeah. And you know, we mentioned that it takes a 90 00:04:39,520 --> 00:04:42,159 Speaker 2: very very long time normally, but you said as little 91 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 2: as seven years. And that is either one or two 92 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:50,400 Speaker 2: or both things happen. Either the tree everything is basically 93 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:54,360 Speaker 2: sped up. Either the tree is buried very very fast 94 00:04:54,560 --> 00:04:57,600 Speaker 2: instead of more slowly by this stuff, and it's cut 95 00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:01,000 Speaker 2: off from that oxygen much much quicker, or if there's 96 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:04,159 Speaker 2: just tons and tons and tons of the mineral instead 97 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:06,000 Speaker 2: of just sort of a regular amount. 98 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:08,320 Speaker 1: I say we take a break and come back and 99 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,840 Speaker 1: talk a little more about petrified wood. How about that. 100 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:34,279 Speaker 1: Let's do it, so, Chuck, I'm not sure if you 101 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:37,200 Speaker 1: remember or not, but we're talking petrified wood and we 102 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:41,159 Speaker 1: just explained how it works. Okay. So there are places 103 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:45,960 Speaker 1: in this world that just have the right conditions for 104 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:49,400 Speaker 1: petrified wood to have formed, and there's a bunch of 105 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:52,320 Speaker 1: them in the United States. Most famously, there's a very 106 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:58,039 Speaker 1: large National Park Fossil Forest petrified forest in Yellowstone, which 107 00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:01,479 Speaker 1: is pretty cool. But I feel to digress. I found 108 00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:05,640 Speaker 1: another one that I think is even cooler. It's in Montana, 109 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:09,080 Speaker 1: which I think Yellowstone runs into Montana too, and it's 110 00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:13,479 Speaker 1: called Gallatin National Park, and it's a petrified forest like 111 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,360 Speaker 1: the real deal. So in Yellowstone you got a bunch 112 00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:19,159 Speaker 1: of like petrified logs laying around, and what that is 113 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:22,960 Speaker 1: is evidence of one way that that wood can become petrified. 114 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:29,440 Speaker 1: They basically became covered by sediment and rivermuck after falling 115 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,720 Speaker 1: into a river and going downstream and basically clogging up 116 00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:36,200 Speaker 1: the mouth of the river or whatever. Right a Gallatin, 117 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:40,719 Speaker 1: it's a true petrified forest because the trees are still 118 00:06:40,839 --> 00:06:45,159 Speaker 1: upright and were petrified in place where they were growing. 119 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:50,920 Speaker 1: And what's even nuttier than that is because the site 120 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 1: was so ripe for creating petrified wood, it happened again 121 00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: and again and again. So what they found is there 122 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:03,120 Speaker 1: was an ancient volcano that just kept covering the area 123 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 1: in ash every year, yeah, every several tens of thousands 124 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: or hundreds of thousands or even millions of years, and 125 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:15,840 Speaker 1: every time it did, that forest became petrified. And little 126 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:18,560 Speaker 1: by little, after you know, one forest was petrified, a 127 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:20,720 Speaker 1: new forest would grow above it that would get petrified, 128 00:07:20,760 --> 00:07:23,480 Speaker 1: and so on and so forth. There's two thousand vertical 129 00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: feet of petrified forests, one on top of the other 130 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:29,840 Speaker 1: in Gallatin in Montana. Isn't that nuts? 131 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:34,160 Speaker 2: That is unbelievable. You can't there are laws. You can't 132 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 2: just take that stuff out and take it home because 133 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 2: it looks awesome. And if you're sitting there thinking like, 134 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:40,280 Speaker 2: all right, this is kind of cool, but like kind 135 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 2: of what's the big deal, guys, Well, then you, my friend, 136 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:48,920 Speaker 2: have never seen petrified wood, because petrified wood is amazing looking. 137 00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:53,720 Speaker 2: It takes on colors because each mineral will end up, 138 00:07:53,960 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 2: you know, filling those pores in that vascular system and 139 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:00,840 Speaker 2: turning that wood. So you have the like the beautiful 140 00:08:01,560 --> 00:08:03,560 Speaker 2: structure like when you cut a cross section of a tree, 141 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:06,320 Speaker 2: and those beautiful rings in the shapes, the wavy lines 142 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 2: like that stuff remains, but all of a sudden, it's 143 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:14,360 Speaker 2: green and it's red, and it looks amazing because you know, 144 00:08:14,440 --> 00:08:16,360 Speaker 2: depending on the mineral, it will give you a different 145 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 2: color in a different shade, and you polish that stuff 146 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 2: up and it looks like, you know, some kind of 147 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:25,440 Speaker 2: a beautiful gemstone, when in fact it is fossilized tree. 148 00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's pretty amazing. So you've got things like I 149 00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:35,280 Speaker 1: think hematite creates pink or red tints. Native iron creates 150 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: the greenish color pyrite. 151 00:08:37,960 --> 00:08:39,360 Speaker 2: Good band name, by the way. 152 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:46,360 Speaker 1: Native iron sure totally. Pyrite creates black shades. Another thing 153 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:49,240 Speaker 1: that you very frequently see is you'll see a petrified 154 00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:51,760 Speaker 1: log and it, I mean, it looks like a log. 155 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:54,360 Speaker 1: The bark is all like very clear. It just looks 156 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:57,960 Speaker 1: like a log that fell over. But on the outside 157 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,520 Speaker 1: it's sprinkled with fairy dust. This is actually just little 158 00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:06,160 Speaker 1: silica covered like dustings of silica. And again, if you 159 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:07,720 Speaker 1: picked up that log, you'd be like, this is a 160 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:10,760 Speaker 1: really heavy log because it's not wood any longer. It's 161 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,680 Speaker 1: quartz and quarts as much heavier than wood. 162 00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:18,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, pretty amazing. Those forests that you mention are the 163 00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:21,600 Speaker 2: ones that are you know, well known for like having 164 00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 2: tons and tons of like vertical structures. But you can 165 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 2: find petrified wood all over the world. Anywhere there's trees, 166 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:29,959 Speaker 2: there's probably you know, going to be some example of 167 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:31,560 Speaker 2: petrified wood that has been found there. 168 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and one other thing. A lot of times it 169 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,000 Speaker 1: looks like somebody came along and chopped up the petrified 170 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: wood into logs. That actually happens because they're so brittle. 171 00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 1: Once they become fossilized, any pressure from like the earth, 172 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,040 Speaker 1: the movement of the earth, the pressure from the dirt 173 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:51,839 Speaker 1: above them, whatever can snap them. And when they snap 174 00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:54,319 Speaker 1: so cleanly, it looks like they were you know, sawed. 175 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:55,319 Speaker 2: Oh wow. 176 00:09:55,440 --> 00:09:56,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, pretty cool. 177 00:09:57,040 --> 00:09:59,960 Speaker 2: Petrified wood. Amazing mud honey, amazing. 178 00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:02,560 Speaker 1: There you go. We still short stuff. 179 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:09,000 Speaker 2: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For 180 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 2: more podcasts, my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, 181 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:15,240 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.