1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:04,920 Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events 3 00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:07,360 Speaker 1: in history in this episode, one from me and one 4 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:09,840 Speaker 1: from Tracy V. Wilson. They're both good, if I do 5 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:16,760 Speaker 1: say so myself. One with the show. Welcome to this 6 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:21,239 Speaker 1: day in history class. It's July. The Diggers Republic of 7 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:24,280 Speaker 1: clip Drift was established in South Africa on this day 8 00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy. So a quick caveat on this one. 9 00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 1: There's a little historical cloudiness around this event. The republican 10 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:35,440 Speaker 1: question is also called the Diggers Republic and the Diamond 11 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:38,400 Speaker 1: Diggers Republic and sometimes described as not even a republic 12 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: at all, and a lot of those sources that we 13 00:00:40,159 --> 00:00:43,520 Speaker 1: have on at our third hand that best. But this 14 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 1: one event is like a little snapshot of ongoing international 15 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,000 Speaker 1: strife in South Africa over who would get control of 16 00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:56,760 Speaker 1: its diamonds. So a huge rush for diamonds started in 17 00:00:56,800 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 1: South Africa after they were discovered there in eighteen sixty six, 18 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:04,120 Speaker 1: and multiple different peoples and factions were all fighting for 19 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:08,360 Speaker 1: control of the same diamond territory. There were the Boar 20 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:11,720 Speaker 1: also pronounced more like Boor, who were people of Dutch 21 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:15,120 Speaker 1: descent who had colonized South Africa, and there were multiple 22 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:20,840 Speaker 1: different factions within these people. There were also the British 23 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:24,760 Speaker 1: and multiple indigenous peoples, including the Koi Koi and the 24 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: Greek Wa. They all were trying to gain access to 25 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:31,119 Speaker 1: this same area until the president of the Transvaal, which 26 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 1: was one of these borer factions, declared that it was 27 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 1: all poor property. Naturally, this infuriated everyone else, and a 28 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:43,600 Speaker 1: group of immigrant miners from Britain, led by Stafford Parker, 29 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:46,839 Speaker 1: fought back. They tried to drive all of the Transvaal 30 00:01:46,959 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 1: personnel out of the region. Parker had been born in 31 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:53,520 Speaker 1: England in eighteen thirty three and it's not totally clear 32 00:01:53,600 --> 00:01:55,880 Speaker 1: when he made his way to South Africa, but he 33 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: does seem to have been in the area and working 34 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:01,000 Speaker 1: as a miner by eighteen sixty nine. Once they had 35 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,120 Speaker 1: pressed back the Transfall forces, Parker declared the whole area 36 00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: its own republic, that being the Republic of clip Drift, 37 00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:12,040 Speaker 1: named for its capital of clip Drift, and Stafford Parker 38 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:14,920 Speaker 1: was elected as its president. So in some accounts this 39 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,000 Speaker 1: hasn't described so much as the establishment of a republic, 40 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:21,400 Speaker 1: has more like the creation of a mutual protection agreement 41 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:25,320 Speaker 1: among the miners, and instead of being the president, Stafford 42 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:27,720 Speaker 1: Parker was more just like the executive of this whole, 43 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:32,840 Speaker 1: of this whole mutual agreement. Regardless of which is more accurate, 44 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:36,400 Speaker 1: the result was the same. About a thousand British miners 45 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:39,520 Speaker 1: moved into the area and they started working out rules 46 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: about who could stake claims where and who should have 47 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,239 Speaker 1: authority over what. But this self proclaimed republic didn't last 48 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:49,519 Speaker 1: for very long. Were forces kept trying to negotiate to 49 00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:52,640 Speaker 1: take it back over, and eventually a British force moved 50 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: in and did take it back over, but this was 51 00:02:55,639 --> 00:02:58,640 Speaker 1: just the start of ongoing back and forth about who 52 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:02,200 Speaker 1: had control of it. It was eventually absorbed into Greek 53 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 1: Land West and it later became part of the Orange 54 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: Free State. And like I said, this was part of 55 00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:12,080 Speaker 1: the ongoing conflict between the British and Dutch Boor forces 56 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:16,160 Speaker 1: in South Africa and against South Africa's indigenous peoples, and 57 00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 1: these conflicts, which sometimes escalated into all out wars, went 58 00:03:19,639 --> 00:03:24,000 Speaker 1: on for decades. Thanks to Christopher Hasciotis for his research 59 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: work on today's episode, Antatari Harrison for her audio skills, 60 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:30,000 Speaker 1: and all of these episodes. You can subscribe to This 61 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 1: Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and 62 00:03:33,639 --> 00:03:36,800 Speaker 1: wherever else you get your podcasts. Tune in tomorrow for 63 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: an event from Foo that is usually overshadowed by Christopher 64 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: Columbus's famous voyage. Hey, I'm Eves and welcome to This 65 00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:58,480 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a show that uncovers history one 66 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:11,200 Speaker 1: day at a time. The day was July eleven. Georgio 67 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:15,600 Speaker 1: Vasari was born in Areso, Italy. He would go on 68 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:18,719 Speaker 1: to become a painter, architect, and writer, and his work 69 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:22,599 Speaker 1: would form the foundation for modern art historiography and the 70 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:27,279 Speaker 1: prototype for artists biographies. When he was a boy, Vasari 71 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 1: studied under the artists Guillaume Dumasier and Luca Sirelli. After 72 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:36,920 Speaker 1: he moved to Florence in the fifteen twenties, he began 73 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:43,720 Speaker 1: apprenticing under Andrea del Sarto and Bacco Bandinelli. Vasari said 74 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:47,679 Speaker 1: that Michelangelo also taught him, but it's not clear whether 75 00:04:47,760 --> 00:04:51,919 Speaker 1: that's true. Regardless, the two artists knew each other, and 76 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:57,240 Speaker 1: Michelangelo had a huge influence on Variety's work. Vasati painted 77 00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: in the mannerist style and artistic style that emphasized artificiality 78 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:06,960 Speaker 1: over a realistic depiction. Mannerist works can seem kind of unsettling, 79 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:11,680 Speaker 1: but that's characteristic of the style. As an artist, he 80 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,240 Speaker 1: is perhaps best known for his allegorical frescos in the 81 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:20,240 Speaker 1: Palazzo Vecchio, done for Duke Cosimo the First. He also 82 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:24,360 Speaker 1: painted frescos in the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but 83 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:27,320 Speaker 1: Vociety is better known for his work as an architect. 84 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:31,200 Speaker 1: His patronage was drawn largely from the House of Medici. 85 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,839 Speaker 1: He renovated the churches Santa Maria Novella and Santa Croce, 86 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:40,560 Speaker 1: and he celebrated for the Uffizi, a building in Florence 87 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:44,159 Speaker 1: that was originally built to house the civic offices, guilds 88 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:49,839 Speaker 1: and Medita court artists. In fifteen sixty four. Vsati also 89 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:53,600 Speaker 1: built the Vciety Corridor, a passage that connects the Ufizzi 90 00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:57,320 Speaker 1: with the Palazzo pet But his writing is what he's 91 00:05:57,360 --> 00:06:01,719 Speaker 1: best remembered for. In fifteen d his book Lives of 92 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:06,599 Speaker 1: the most Imminent Painters, sculptors and Architects was published, and 93 00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:12,320 Speaker 1: enlarged and revised edition was published in fifteen Both editions 94 00:06:12,360 --> 00:06:16,240 Speaker 1: were successful. The book was composed as a series of 95 00:06:16,320 --> 00:06:20,480 Speaker 1: artists biographies, and it charted the evolution of Italian art, 96 00:06:20,920 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: including people like Giotto and Michelangelo. The biographies were not 97 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: completely historically accurate, though, and they contained some unlikely anecdotes. 98 00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:35,960 Speaker 1: The most reliable biographies were those of society's contemporaries and 99 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:40,719 Speaker 1: the preceding generation. Still, the book was instrumental in the 100 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: emergence of art history as a modern scholarly discipline. It 101 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:49,000 Speaker 1: remains a valuable text on the theory, practice, techniques, and 102 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:53,240 Speaker 1: criticism of art. The book traces the development of art 103 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:58,159 Speaker 1: through Classical Antiquity, the Dark Ages, and the Renaissance. In 104 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 1: the second edition, Masadi spent a little more time on 105 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: non Florentine and even non Italian artists. Some of the 106 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,679 Speaker 1: most notable changes from the first to the second edition 107 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:12,360 Speaker 1: were the additions to the life of Nicelangelo, who had 108 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 1: died in fifteen sixty four. Because of this book, Vsati 109 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:21,680 Speaker 1: has been called the first art historian. Vasari was financially 110 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: well off too. He built a house and narrates so 111 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:28,000 Speaker 1: and he helped found the Florence Academy and Company of 112 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:30,720 Speaker 1: the Arts of Drawing with the help of Cosimo, the 113 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:34,560 Speaker 1: first I'm Eves Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a 114 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,480 Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. You 115 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:43,200 Speaker 1: can follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t 116 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: D i h C podcast, and if you'd like to 117 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: learn more about VSATI, you can listen to the episode 118 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:54,120 Speaker 1: of Stuff you Missed in History Class called Georgio Vasari. 119 00:07:55,120 --> 00:08:06,920 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening, and we'll see you tomorrow. M h. 120 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:09,800 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart 121 00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:12,320 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 122 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:12,960 Speaker 1: favorite shows.