1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,560 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from How Stuff Works 2 00:00:04,600 --> 00:00:13,800 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 3 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:18,800 Speaker 1: There's Charles w Chuck Bryant. There's a guest producer, Dylan Again. 4 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:21,680 Speaker 1: You know, Dylan got a job here because he heard 5 00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:23,360 Speaker 1: of How Stuff Works, because he was a Stuff you 6 00:00:23,360 --> 00:00:26,799 Speaker 1: Should Know fan. This might be the most thrilling moment 7 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:29,840 Speaker 1: of Dylan's life, the most thrilling two hours. Either that 8 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: or the most illusion shattering two hours. I think that 9 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:36,280 Speaker 1: since Dylan started working here, it's just been a slow 10 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:41,239 Speaker 1: anti climax, down, down, down, leading to this moment of 11 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:46,199 Speaker 1: rock bottom. We're like that guy, rag him out. Oh 12 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,320 Speaker 1: how's it going. It's going terrifically. How are you Dylan good? 13 00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:53,120 Speaker 1: He said, I see, he knows he's a fan. He 14 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:56,400 Speaker 1: didn't even try to speak. Noel will be like, well 15 00:00:56,480 --> 00:00:58,240 Speaker 1: let me tell you, yeah, let me see if I 16 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:01,400 Speaker 1: can find a microphone. It just shows one of us 17 00:01:01,440 --> 00:01:06,080 Speaker 1: out of the way, knows what he's doing. Uh. You 18 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:08,120 Speaker 1: know what. I couldn't help. But when I was researching this, 19 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:12,920 Speaker 1: probably because we just did this is think about Genghis 20 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:17,400 Speaker 1: Khan and if you go on the internet and type 21 00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,560 Speaker 1: in Attil of the Hun or Genghis Khan. There are 22 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:28,280 Speaker 1: so many nerdy websites where people pitt uh fictional battles 23 00:01:28,319 --> 00:01:32,240 Speaker 1: against historic leaders really yeah, like who would have won 24 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:35,520 Speaker 1: in a cage match until of the Hunter Genghis Khan? Right? 25 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:37,640 Speaker 1: But there's like actual thought put behind it? Or is 26 00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:42,119 Speaker 1: it just like no genghas cool? There's a range from 27 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:45,720 Speaker 1: that to like the people who really put too much 28 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:50,120 Speaker 1: effort into it and um, but those are interesting to read, 29 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,440 Speaker 1: you know, like you've got to remember guys like Genghis 30 00:01:54,520 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: Khan had a thousand years of weaponry development to his advantage. 31 00:02:00,720 --> 00:02:03,559 Speaker 1: And when it comes to personal fighting tactics as opposed 32 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: to leadership, those are two different things to talk about. 33 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:10,359 Speaker 1: And then their voice changes until they've become Toby from 34 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: American Splendor. Genghis Khan was what a thousand years after 35 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:19,080 Speaker 1: at Till of the Hunt? Is that correct? Well? Because 36 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:21,760 Speaker 1: I thought the opposite. I thought he was BC And again, 37 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:23,680 Speaker 1: we just did a show on him, and I already 38 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 1: forgot since here leven sixty two for Chingas and four 39 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,800 Speaker 1: oh six for a Till of the Hunt. That is fascinating, 40 00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:35,200 Speaker 1: So okay, yeah, I mean ching has had a lot 41 00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:39,880 Speaker 1: of advancements in that thousand years for sure. Yeah, And 42 00:02:39,919 --> 00:02:41,919 Speaker 1: I don't know, I couldn't help but compare these guys. 43 00:02:41,919 --> 00:02:45,280 Speaker 1: So I might just sort of pepper that in here 44 00:02:45,320 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: and there and and comparing these because our own article 45 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:53,200 Speaker 1: starts out by mentioning Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great, and 46 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: Chingis khan uh as some of the most brutal conquerors 47 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:03,280 Speaker 1: and antiquity. I really appreciate you moving to Chingas might 48 00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 1: as well. So until of the Hun, he was around 49 00:03:08,320 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: between he was in the fifth century CE, right, four 50 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:17,320 Speaker 1: oh six. You know, they don't know exactly about his 51 00:03:17,639 --> 00:03:20,720 Speaker 1: birth dates, but they're they're putting it around four or six. No, 52 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:23,880 Speaker 1: we should do this, Um, we should do this chronologically. 53 00:03:23,880 --> 00:03:25,839 Speaker 1: But I think we should say out of the gate 54 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:29,680 Speaker 1: that there is a lot of um debate in the 55 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:33,639 Speaker 1: in the historical field of just how much we could 56 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 1: say about um Attil of the Hun's early life. Yeah, 57 00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:41,920 Speaker 1: I mean over that period between him and Chingas, like, 58 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:44,720 Speaker 1: there was a lot more record keeping. Two. Right, that's 59 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:46,760 Speaker 1: a that's a great point. We don't even know what 60 00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:50,480 Speaker 1: language the Huns spoke necessarily, No, we debate on that. 61 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:53,800 Speaker 1: No idea um. Apparently, one of the things you can 62 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:57,680 Speaker 1: kind of glean what language people spoke is UM from 63 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:02,680 Speaker 1: their names, and a lot of the names associated with Attila, 64 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:05,840 Speaker 1: the Hunt and the Huns in general are Germanic, so 65 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: they say, well, they spoke Germanic. The other people say 66 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:10,600 Speaker 1: well no. By the time until of the Hun came 67 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:14,480 Speaker 1: around in the fifth century UM, the Germanic tongue had 68 00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:18,320 Speaker 1: spread far and wide, so that's probably not what their 69 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:22,520 Speaker 1: native tongue originally was. It's just lost the time. One 70 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: of the reasons it was lost the time is because 71 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:28,200 Speaker 1: these were, in the parliance of the day, total barbarians. 72 00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:35,520 Speaker 1: They were nomadic horse people who lacked virtually any anything 73 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:41,160 Speaker 1: resembling a government, um, anything like an economy, anything like 74 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:44,880 Speaker 1: the trappings of what you would call a civilization. They 75 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: were by definition barbarians, right, But all that aside, it's 76 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 1: not to say that that that civilization is just everything's perfect. 77 00:04:54,760 --> 00:04:59,400 Speaker 1: Definitely has its own flaws, and barbarianism has its own amazements, right. 78 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:06,320 Speaker 1: But the thing that made the Huns definitive barbarians is 79 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:11,159 Speaker 1: because they would come through sack your town, burn it down, 80 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:14,039 Speaker 1: kill you and your family, and then just move on. 81 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:17,800 Speaker 1: They would take your gold. They had no desire to 82 00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: subjugate you, to to rule you, to extract taxes, to 83 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,200 Speaker 1: maybe make you grow crops for them. Nothing. It was 84 00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: basically pillaging, raping, and murdering is what the Huns were 85 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:31,520 Speaker 1: known for, because that's what they did. Yeah, and I 86 00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:34,880 Speaker 1: think the main difference that I found, well, plenty of differences, 87 00:05:34,920 --> 00:05:38,400 Speaker 1: but the main one between he and Khan was sort of, 88 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:41,960 Speaker 1: like you said, like Genghis, Khan wanted to rule the 89 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,279 Speaker 1: world and spread his empire as as ruler of people's 90 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:50,320 Speaker 1: and Attila the Hun, by all accounts, wanted to collect 91 00:05:50,360 --> 00:05:56,560 Speaker 1: gold right um, but was also for all his ferocity. 92 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:01,800 Speaker 1: There are also scholars and historians who believe that uh 93 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:03,520 Speaker 1: Man I might get these names mixed up. Now that 94 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:05,360 Speaker 1: I'm all in my head about it, I'm I've been 95 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:08,400 Speaker 1: just hanging on by my fingernail. There are a lot 96 00:06:08,480 --> 00:06:10,480 Speaker 1: of scholars and historians who believe that until of the 97 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:15,840 Speaker 1: hun Is was also uh sort of a fair person 98 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:21,239 Speaker 1: and generally a man of his word, and maybe rustled 99 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:24,320 Speaker 1: up a lot of these stories to drive himself to 100 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:28,480 Speaker 1: drive fear into his enemies, and was not as brutal 101 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:32,760 Speaker 1: as maybe history believes in some cases. Yeah, but I 102 00:06:32,480 --> 00:06:36,120 Speaker 1: I so. You remember when we did the chinaskon episode, like, 103 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:39,040 Speaker 1: there was a lot of um, a lot of examples 104 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 1: and things you could point to and be like they 105 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:45,360 Speaker 1: improved the world in these ways. There you can count 106 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:47,680 Speaker 1: the ones about until of the hun like basically on 107 00:06:47,720 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: your fingers, and when when it was an example of 108 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:56,800 Speaker 1: him being like uncharacteristically magnanimous by sparing somebody's life, it 109 00:06:56,920 --> 00:07:01,320 Speaker 1: was totally out of character for him, and like, um. 110 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 1: One of the things about Chengiz Khan as well is 111 00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:07,160 Speaker 1: that if you surrendered without a fight, if you just said, 112 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:11,240 Speaker 1: we surrender, take our town, you would live. And you 113 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:14,000 Speaker 1: would live now under the rule of the Mongols the 114 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:16,680 Speaker 1: till of the Hun he and the Huns would kill you, 115 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 1: kill your whole town. Offering no resistance whatsoever, did not 116 00:07:20,840 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: guarantee in any way, shape or form survival when you 117 00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: encountered the Hunts. They terrified people for hundreds of years 118 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:30,360 Speaker 1: in Europe. But at the same time, if you paid 119 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: your your uh what what do you call it, like 120 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:37,120 Speaker 1: the gangster movies tribute? Yeah, but like you know when 121 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:39,880 Speaker 1: you pay someone to protect your money, Yeah, sort of 122 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:45,280 Speaker 1: like that, Yeah, protection from you. Basically, Uh, generally, and 123 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:48,080 Speaker 1: again there are examples even in this article of ours 124 00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:50,760 Speaker 1: where he he went back on that. But generally if 125 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 1: you paid that gold, he would also leave you alone. Um, 126 00:07:55,440 --> 00:07:57,840 Speaker 1: because he didn't want to lose. Like I said, he 127 00:07:57,880 --> 00:08:01,520 Speaker 1: wasn't trying to just conquer the world. So he seemed 128 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,040 Speaker 1: like he would only undertake a mission or a or 129 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:06,600 Speaker 1: a war if he if there was something in it 130 00:08:06,680 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 1: for him other than just like expanding his kingdom, which 131 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:17,119 Speaker 1: on a modern map eventually was it say here large 132 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:21,680 Speaker 1: portions of eastern and western Roman Empires, from Germany in 133 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:24,840 Speaker 1: the west, to Romania in the south, to the Netherlands 134 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:27,880 Speaker 1: and the north, and Russia and Kazakhstan in the east. 135 00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:31,640 Speaker 1: And uh, that was generally a till of the Huns 136 00:08:32,679 --> 00:08:36,440 Speaker 1: area over about a ten year span, well nine I 137 00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:40,839 Speaker 1: think nine years, well nineteen years period. But in that 138 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:43,800 Speaker 1: ten year span is when he really liked did a 139 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:46,679 Speaker 1: lot of his damage, which is that's impressive, and put 140 00:08:46,679 --> 00:08:49,360 Speaker 1: a big dent in the Roman Empire. That was another 141 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:51,360 Speaker 1: thing too, Like you can you can say what you 142 00:08:51,400 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: want about the guy, and I think it's worth pointing 143 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: out there's all of this is to say, like nobody 144 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,800 Speaker 1: is bad. And when you get this far are away, 145 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:05,560 Speaker 1: almost two thousand years away, years away from somebody like, 146 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:10,000 Speaker 1: their character just becomes cartoonish. So there is not a 147 00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:12,880 Speaker 1: lot we can say, especially about the nuances of this 148 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:17,120 Speaker 1: guy's character, but you can point to what he did 149 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:20,040 Speaker 1: and say, this man change the course of history, and 150 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,960 Speaker 1: he definitely did, especially by basically hastening the fall of 151 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:27,959 Speaker 1: the Roman Empire. Right, this is pretty impressive stuff. I 152 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:29,560 Speaker 1: feel like we should almost stick a break. That was 153 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:33,080 Speaker 1: a nice preamble. All right, we'll get back to his 154 00:09:33,200 --> 00:10:01,440 Speaker 1: birth and start over right after this. Alright, So four 155 00:10:01,480 --> 00:10:04,240 Speaker 1: oh sixes when they think Attila the Hunt was born 156 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:11,160 Speaker 1: in uh Pannonia, which what you would now say is Hungary. Yeah, 157 00:10:11,240 --> 00:10:14,000 Speaker 1: because by this time the Hunts, well they first appear 158 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:20,120 Speaker 1: in the Western record, and I think ce Tacitus, the 159 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:24,040 Speaker 1: historian Roman historian says, oh, yeah, by the way, there's 160 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:26,080 Speaker 1: these people out there called the Hunts. There are barbarian 161 00:10:26,080 --> 00:10:28,559 Speaker 1: tribe who cares watch you're back. Well, he didn't even 162 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,079 Speaker 1: say that. He just basically said there's a barbarian tribe 163 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:33,559 Speaker 1: out there. But by the time Attila was was born, 164 00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 1: the Hunts had made a name for themselves is being fierce, 165 00:10:37,640 --> 00:10:43,480 Speaker 1: fearsome warriors that just basically could overtake anybody, and they had. Yeah, 166 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:47,319 Speaker 1: he was not born. His story is very different from 167 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:50,800 Speaker 1: Chingis Khans, and that he was born already into I 168 00:10:50,800 --> 00:10:54,679 Speaker 1: guess what you would consider royalty, uh and and privilege. 169 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,720 Speaker 1: And that they think the Huns came from Kazakhstan, I 170 00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:01,719 Speaker 1: think you said, or their their empire stretched all the 171 00:11:01,760 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: way kash Central Asia. They think that's where they probably originated. 172 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:08,880 Speaker 1: But by the time Untila was born, Um, he was 173 00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:12,280 Speaker 1: born on the Danube in Hungary, which is like became 174 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,000 Speaker 1: the capital of the area they settled. Yeah, and you 175 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:17,800 Speaker 1: mentioned that the Huns were known as fierce warriors. Um, 176 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:23,079 Speaker 1: much like Khan's army. They really made their hay on horses. 177 00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 1: I don't even know if that counts as a pun, 178 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,920 Speaker 1: It doesn't, all right, It was just delightful though. They 179 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:32,400 Speaker 1: were excellent horsemen. UM. I don't know if they rode 180 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 1: those little squatty horses like uh, like Khan's army did. 181 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:40,520 Speaker 1: But they were great on horseback, apparently so great that 182 00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:42,680 Speaker 1: they kind of didn't get off their horses to do 183 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:45,600 Speaker 1: much when it when in terms of battle. But even 184 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:48,880 Speaker 1: beyond battle. I saw that they held negotiations on their horses. 185 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:53,240 Speaker 1: Um that they were characterized as being one with their horse. 186 00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:56,800 Speaker 1: That was one thing, right, right, in the true sense 187 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:00,640 Speaker 1: that was I hope not mainly for the horses, say yeah, 188 00:12:00,679 --> 00:12:04,080 Speaker 1: but um they they they were. The fact that they 189 00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:07,800 Speaker 1: were amazing horsemen. That's check one, and why they were 190 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 1: basically impossible to feat Check two was they had a 191 00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:14,240 Speaker 1: special kind of bow called the hun bow, right, and 192 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:16,920 Speaker 1: these things are beautiful. It was a recursive bow where 193 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: the bow itself been curve back onto itself, which meant 194 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:24,720 Speaker 1: you have more torque, which meant you could shoot an 195 00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:28,120 Speaker 1: arrow through armor at a hundred yards. Yeah, they're all 196 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:31,320 Speaker 1: kinds of recurve bows, but this one was especially squatty 197 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,439 Speaker 1: and kind of short. So it's recurved. It's not recursive, 198 00:12:35,080 --> 00:12:38,840 Speaker 1: yeah recurve. Um. Oh yeah, it was short, which meant 199 00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:41,840 Speaker 1: it was mobile. Yeah yeah. Yeah. So if you picture 200 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:44,880 Speaker 1: just like a U shaped bow, that's just a bow, 201 00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:48,040 Speaker 1: but a recurve bends back around to face the other 202 00:12:48,080 --> 00:12:51,680 Speaker 1: way at both ends and both points. And this one was, 203 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 1: like I said, especially squatty, and it just it's cool 204 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:57,800 Speaker 1: looking like bow enthusiasts collect these things. I can imagine 205 00:12:57,880 --> 00:12:59,560 Speaker 1: hun bows. You say, this is a till of the 206 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:03,959 Speaker 1: huns areo boat. Everybody says that. So so wait a minute, 207 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,080 Speaker 1: So we've got two things. Now we've got they were 208 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:08,400 Speaker 1: basically one with their horse. They were so good on 209 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:12,880 Speaker 1: a horse, they could shoot arrows through your armor a 210 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:17,480 Speaker 1: hundred yards away, almost a hundred meters away. Um, while 211 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:21,760 Speaker 1: on these horses. That's check two. And then number three 212 00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:25,720 Speaker 1: is that they didn't fight in any sort of coherent 213 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:31,000 Speaker 1: battle formation. It was just show up out of nowhere, 214 00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:36,199 Speaker 1: right around, start picking people off, scatter, regroup out of nowhere, 215 00:13:36,559 --> 00:13:39,560 Speaker 1: show up again, pick more people off, scatter, regroup and 216 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:41,679 Speaker 1: like you just you had no idea that they were 217 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:44,400 Speaker 1: coming at any point in time, and they would just 218 00:13:44,520 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: come and basically waste your army. And there was no 219 00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:52,000 Speaker 1: formation that you could form against. It was just chaos. Yeah, 220 00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:55,040 Speaker 1: and and fast, like before you knew what was going on, 221 00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:59,720 Speaker 1: You're you're getting arrows slung your way. And like you said, 222 00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,679 Speaker 1: from any direction, wasn't like here they come from the north, 223 00:14:03,280 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: Like they were all over the place. Uh. It said 224 00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:08,160 Speaker 1: here in this one article you sent that the soldiers 225 00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:13,840 Speaker 1: they wore these heavy leather greased uh outfits greased with 226 00:14:13,960 --> 00:14:19,400 Speaker 1: animal fat, which is good, which just said made them 227 00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:22,800 Speaker 1: both supple and rain resistant. Maybe that was for the 228 00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:28,440 Speaker 1: horses and steel line helmets chain mail. They're very nimble. 229 00:14:28,560 --> 00:14:31,240 Speaker 1: They also used swords, of course, and their leather boots. 230 00:14:31,240 --> 00:14:34,280 Speaker 1: They rode horses so much they didn't even worry about hiking, 231 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:36,440 Speaker 1: so they would wear these leather boots. Had very thin 232 00:14:36,520 --> 00:14:43,120 Speaker 1: soles that I guess major feet, more responsive to stirrup action. 233 00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:47,480 Speaker 1: I don't know, they were just more comfortable. They're like, 234 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:53,000 Speaker 1: isoton boots? Did they make shoes? Oh? No, you're talking 235 00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:55,520 Speaker 1: about the gloves. They make slippers? I think, Oh really, 236 00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:57,960 Speaker 1: I think so. I don't think it was Damn Marina, 237 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:02,000 Speaker 1: want to hear that isotoneer gloves and uh ace ventura. 238 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:06,040 Speaker 1: All right, So these are the huns. They're nomadic there 239 00:15:06,880 --> 00:15:11,120 Speaker 1: chaotic and battle, their fierce, Their their stories precede them, 240 00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: their legend precedes them. So when you are getting attacked 241 00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:16,600 Speaker 1: like that's got to do a mental number on you, 242 00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:21,200 Speaker 1: especially like when they came upon towns and cities, like 243 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:26,360 Speaker 1: sometimes entire cities, they would level them, just utterly destroy 244 00:15:26,400 --> 00:15:29,520 Speaker 1: They would take everything they wanted kill everybody that they wanted. 245 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:33,400 Speaker 1: They would take hostages and slaves and prisoners, um. But 246 00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:35,560 Speaker 1: then they would just destroy the town. And there was 247 00:15:35,640 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: one town in Italy um called Aquileia. Aquileia, I believe um. 248 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:46,760 Speaker 1: No one knows where it was, they know it existed, 249 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:49,600 Speaker 1: but then the Huns got They Huns sacked it and 250 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:51,760 Speaker 1: now no one has any idea what it was because 251 00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:54,440 Speaker 1: they just utterly destroyed the tip. That was like the 252 00:15:54,480 --> 00:15:58,000 Speaker 1: kind of thing they would do, almost just out of spite, 253 00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:04,320 Speaker 1: just maliciously, you know, because apparently Attila the Hun was 254 00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 1: known for um using his fierce reputation at an advantage 255 00:16:11,680 --> 00:16:14,040 Speaker 1: and he didn't want to fight or thought that fighting 256 00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:17,200 Speaker 1: was unwise. He could use his reputation to get you 257 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:20,320 Speaker 1: to to surrender and then maybe you would survive, maybe 258 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:24,960 Speaker 1: you wouldn't. UM. But they didn't necessarily need that because 259 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:29,000 Speaker 1: they backed up the fierce reputation actually did these things 260 00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:31,520 Speaker 1: that people feared them for. And they had a name 261 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:35,600 Speaker 1: for the Huns, and apparently specifically Attila the Hun in 262 00:16:35,720 --> 00:16:38,680 Speaker 1: the Holy Roman or the Roman Empires pre Holy Roman, 263 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:43,400 Speaker 1: they called them the flagellum day the scourge of God. 264 00:16:44,040 --> 00:16:47,640 Speaker 1: And this is what these Christians thought, that that God 265 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:52,160 Speaker 1: had sent this horrible, almost devil figure to come and 266 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:55,120 Speaker 1: wipe their towns from the earth because they weren't living 267 00:16:55,280 --> 00:16:58,280 Speaker 1: upright enough. Yeah, and I saw some historians think that 268 00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:00,680 Speaker 1: he might have even made that name up. Oh really, 269 00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:03,800 Speaker 1: it seems like he was a big promoter of his 270 00:17:04,119 --> 00:17:07,720 Speaker 1: of his wicked ways, just to scare people. Well, it's 271 00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:10,119 Speaker 1: still working on me, like he would because I'm passing 272 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:12,280 Speaker 1: all this stuff off. He was often drawn with like 273 00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:14,679 Speaker 1: goats horns and things like that, And I don't I 274 00:17:14,680 --> 00:17:17,560 Speaker 1: think he encouraged this stuff. Well, he did famously say 275 00:17:17,600 --> 00:17:21,600 Speaker 1: that wherever he's trod or past, grass will never grow again. 276 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:24,479 Speaker 1: So yeah, he definitely, he definitely would play it up. 277 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:26,800 Speaker 1: But it didn't hurt his feelings that people said these 278 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:29,679 Speaker 1: things about him, right, so he I don't think we 279 00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:32,960 Speaker 1: mentioned yet. He uh took over along with his brother 280 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,240 Speaker 1: Blada b L E. D A when they were young 281 00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 1: their uncles actually, um, that's there was a lot of 282 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:43,760 Speaker 1: biarchy going on at the time with the Huns, which 283 00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:46,200 Speaker 1: is a little bit unusual for a couple of people 284 00:17:46,240 --> 00:17:49,440 Speaker 1: to split ruling duties, and their uncles jointly ruled the 285 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:52,919 Speaker 1: Hunt empire. Eventually the brothers took over as co rulers 286 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:56,080 Speaker 1: in four thirty four, and I think they even had 287 00:17:56,080 --> 00:17:58,480 Speaker 1: their own territories that they were in charge of. It's 288 00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:02,040 Speaker 1: not like they were together. Uh. And then eventually Attila 289 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: was like, yeah, I think I'd rather just really operate 290 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:08,680 Speaker 1: this show by myself. And he killed his brother, killed 291 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: his own brother. That's that's harsh. I didn't see. How 292 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:13,560 Speaker 1: did you see? I didn't. I couldn't find it. I 293 00:18:13,560 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: couldn't either, as I saw once a story about a 294 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:22,320 Speaker 1: night I think, who killed his own brother. But his 295 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:26,880 Speaker 1: brother was a priest saying mass, and the night came 296 00:18:26,920 --> 00:18:29,080 Speaker 1: in and cut his own brother's head off while he 297 00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:33,159 Speaker 1: was saying mass. Like, if there is a god, that 298 00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:37,560 Speaker 1: really upset I'm unsure. So he and his brother uh 299 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,119 Speaker 1: co rule and they settled down a little bit on 300 00:18:41,200 --> 00:18:43,640 Speaker 1: the great what was known as the Great Hungarian Plains, 301 00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:47,520 Speaker 1: a little less nomadic at this point were the Huns. Yeah, 302 00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:50,760 Speaker 1: because they were weighed down with so much golden plunder. Yeah, 303 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:54,240 Speaker 1: they just they couldn't ride around like they did. So 304 00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:57,640 Speaker 1: have we reached the point where he's the single ruler? Now, yeah, 305 00:18:57,760 --> 00:18:59,439 Speaker 1: let's go ahead and get rid of his brother, so 306 00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:02,200 Speaker 1: we should a. I don't know if this name came 307 00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:07,240 Speaker 1: upon him ascending to um being the co ruler with 308 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:11,480 Speaker 1: his brother or the single ruler. But Attila means little father. 309 00:19:12,160 --> 00:19:13,960 Speaker 1: They do not think that this is his birth name, 310 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:18,240 Speaker 1: because that's just no matter what age or period of 311 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:20,520 Speaker 1: history we're talking about, it'd be weird to name your 312 00:19:20,520 --> 00:19:24,280 Speaker 1: son little father. Um. They think it was a name 313 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 1: of respect and affection, is how I saw it put 314 00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:29,240 Speaker 1: and that they think that this was basically his His 315 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:32,879 Speaker 1: king name was Attila. They have no idea what his 316 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:36,639 Speaker 1: real name was, but they think that Attila was not it. No, 317 00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:40,760 Speaker 1: but by the time he became ruler, like you said, 318 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:44,560 Speaker 1: he was born into a privileged household. Um, he he 319 00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:47,480 Speaker 1: knew what to do from a very early age. His 320 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:51,600 Speaker 1: uncle's as rulers brought him and his brother Bleda up 321 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,119 Speaker 1: to speak Latin. So maybe he did come up with 322 00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:58,760 Speaker 1: Flagellum Davey Goth which was another Germanic tribe who figure 323 00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,920 Speaker 1: into this picture later on. Um and to to understand diplomacy, 324 00:20:04,040 --> 00:20:08,320 Speaker 1: military strategy, horsemanship obviously, UM all of this stuff. So 325 00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:10,680 Speaker 1: it was brought up to lead, so it was kind 326 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: of natural that he would kill his brother and take 327 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,280 Speaker 1: over the entire hunt empire. Yeah, and the other another 328 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:18,399 Speaker 1: thing I thought was interesting was even though he was 329 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:22,879 Speaker 1: sort of on a conquest for gold and riches, he 330 00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:26,919 Speaker 1: lived sort of simply as a ruler. Like all of 331 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:32,280 Speaker 1: his his upper uh subordinates. Apparently they did live the 332 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:34,720 Speaker 1: high life, and they drank from silver and gold chalices 333 00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:39,240 Speaker 1: and had fancy clothes and big you know, make mansions, 334 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:43,280 Speaker 1: platform shoes, platform shoes with goldfish in the heel. And 335 00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 1: Attila lived in a log house with animal skins on 336 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:49,440 Speaker 1: the walls and drank from a wooden cup. And even 337 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:51,720 Speaker 1: though he wanted to get all this gold, it doesn't 338 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:54,280 Speaker 1: look like he lived that way, which is pretty interesting. Yeah. 339 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:58,960 Speaker 1: That really kind of opens up the guy for interpretation. 340 00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:01,600 Speaker 1: You know, like says a couple of things. One, he's 341 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:04,919 Speaker 1: surrounded by all these material goods, but his tastes are 342 00:21:04,920 --> 00:21:08,520 Speaker 1: extraordinarily simple, and he stuck to it. He didn't try 343 00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:10,240 Speaker 1: to show off at any point. He just was who 344 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:13,240 Speaker 1: he was as far as his taste point. And then secondly, 345 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:18,040 Speaker 1: he also didn't demand that the people subordinate to him 346 00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:22,480 Speaker 1: live like he lived. That says an enormous amount you know, like, 347 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:24,399 Speaker 1: there's so many people at the top who want the 348 00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:28,000 Speaker 1: people below them to act like them, to live like them, 349 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,720 Speaker 1: to behave like them. So for him to to have 350 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:33,520 Speaker 1: like there was a cult of personality around this guy, 351 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:37,359 Speaker 1: and for him to allow and maybe even encourage people 352 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:41,000 Speaker 1: to live their own way totally counter to how he lived. 353 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:46,240 Speaker 1: I don't know. He's a complex figure for sure. Um. 354 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:48,840 Speaker 1: Should we talk about the Treaty of Marcus. Yeah, this 355 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:52,160 Speaker 1: is a big turning point in history. Yeah. So this 356 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:56,720 Speaker 1: was in four thirty four. Uh, and he I believe 357 00:21:56,760 --> 00:22:00,000 Speaker 1: that what we're going back to when Bledah was still alive. Um, 358 00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:02,080 Speaker 1: they worked up a peace treaty called the Treaty of 359 00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:06,359 Speaker 1: Marcus with what is this the Eastern Roman Empire. Yes, 360 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:09,920 Speaker 1: and they basically said, hey, if you return all these 361 00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:14,200 Speaker 1: hunt refugees, basically people that fled my rule, return these 362 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:18,280 Speaker 1: people to us. How many were there? At least of fourteen, 363 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:21,760 Speaker 1: but I think maybe seventeen Yeah, like not seventeen thousand, 364 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:25,160 Speaker 1: but seventeen people. But that's how much he prized loyalty, 365 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:26,640 Speaker 1: is how I saw it. Put. Yeah, like I want 366 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:28,840 Speaker 1: these people back, and he also didn't want them going 367 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,960 Speaker 1: off into the Roman Empire and stirring up rebellion to 368 00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:35,640 Speaker 1: come take over the Hunting Empire. Yeah, exactly. So if 369 00:22:35,640 --> 00:22:38,720 Speaker 1: you return, these people will establish some trading rights that 370 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:42,119 Speaker 1: are fair. You guys pay us about seven hundred pounds 371 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:45,240 Speaker 1: of gold every year directly to me and my bro 372 00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:49,720 Speaker 1: and we'll, like, we'll lay off and you can just 373 00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:52,560 Speaker 1: kind of do your thing here in the Eastern Roman Empire. Yeah, 374 00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:57,000 Speaker 1: it's extortion. Yeah, I saw that that Attila was. He 375 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:00,640 Speaker 1: plundered in war and extorted in peacetime. That's what he did. 376 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 1: So yeah, he said, we won't invade you if you 377 00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:05,320 Speaker 1: pay a seven hundred pounds of goal of a year, 378 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,879 Speaker 1: and he didn't. But then he said, um, there was 379 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:13,280 Speaker 1: another part of this too. He said that that he 380 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:18,520 Speaker 1: wanted not just the traitorous Huns who left or escaped 381 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:22,520 Speaker 1: his rule to be returned to him. He also wanted um, 382 00:23:22,560 --> 00:23:27,520 Speaker 1: a Roman bishop who he believed had come into the 383 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:31,840 Speaker 1: Hunting Empire and desecrated some graves and stolen grave goods 384 00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:35,680 Speaker 1: from the graves, to be handed over to him. And 385 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:43,840 Speaker 1: apparently the Eastern Empire uh Emperor Theodosius the second said, hey, 386 00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:47,119 Speaker 1: man I gave, I gave all of the Huns I 387 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:49,959 Speaker 1: could find in the empire over to you and this bishop. 388 00:23:49,960 --> 00:23:51,399 Speaker 1: I don't know what you're talking about. I don't think 389 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:55,240 Speaker 1: this is actually true. Um, they didn't give over the bishop. 390 00:23:55,720 --> 00:24:00,200 Speaker 1: And so Attila actually said, um, you guys just broke 391 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:03,560 Speaker 1: the treaty, were invading, And he did invade, and they 392 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: actually invaded through Marguts. And the guy who opened the 393 00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:11,119 Speaker 1: gates of Marguts too for them to the Huns was 394 00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: the bishop who stole the grave goods. So had the 395 00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:18,960 Speaker 1: emperor handed over this guy, the the invasion of Italy 396 00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:26,119 Speaker 1: by the Huns would have never happened. And that's the 397 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:29,320 Speaker 1: sound that played when he opened the gate. Apparently they 398 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:35,720 Speaker 1: got within about twenty miles of Constantinople. And Theodosius too said, whoa, 399 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:41,600 Speaker 1: you're getting a little too close. How about pounds of 400 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:44,240 Speaker 1: gold per year three times as much cold? And I 401 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:49,400 Speaker 1: believe that that quelled Attila's desires for temporarily, at least temporarily. 402 00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:51,920 Speaker 1: So that just meant with Attila that he just turned 403 00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:54,640 Speaker 1: his sight somewhere else. Yeah, you want to take a break, Yeah, 404 00:24:54,720 --> 00:25:24,359 Speaker 1: let's do it. Okay, okay, man, we're back. So, um, 405 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,320 Speaker 1: the Eastern Roman Empire has said all right, here here 406 00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:30,879 Speaker 1: take some more gold. Um leave us alone, and he 407 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:34,440 Speaker 1: did for a little while. But one of the things 408 00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:40,119 Speaker 1: that um Attila the hunt did was he created like 409 00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:44,880 Speaker 1: a domino effect, there were other Germanic tribes of barbarians 410 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:50,600 Speaker 1: and making air quotes everybody um who were in the 411 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:54,879 Speaker 1: area that got pushed out of the area and into 412 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:57,560 Speaker 1: the Roman Empire by the Hunts. So the Hunts pushed 413 00:25:57,600 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 1: out the Allan's, the Alan's pushed out the Goths. The 414 00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:05,080 Speaker 1: Goths pushed out some other tribes, and as a result, 415 00:26:05,359 --> 00:26:10,040 Speaker 1: you now had other Germanic tribes living in the Roman Empire. 416 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:13,600 Speaker 1: It's a big seed that got planted by the Hunts 417 00:26:14,119 --> 00:26:16,719 Speaker 1: because the Hunts pushed everybody out and took over their empire. Right, 418 00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:20,640 Speaker 1: This actually led to the downfall of the Roman Empire 419 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,280 Speaker 1: later on. It was that the Great migration, yeah, or 420 00:26:23,359 --> 00:26:26,639 Speaker 1: the wandering of the nations. Now is this when people 421 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:31,439 Speaker 1: split and just fractured the Roman Empire, So hopefully get that. 422 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:35,600 Speaker 1: So what happened was the um the these different tribes 423 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:42,119 Speaker 1: got pushed into the Roman Empire started and the Vandals 424 00:26:42,359 --> 00:26:47,000 Speaker 1: that so um, the the Visigoths in particular got pushed 425 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,120 Speaker 1: into there and they were living as Roman subjects under 426 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:52,800 Speaker 1: Roman rule, but they were not being treated very well 427 00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:56,240 Speaker 1: by the Roman governors of the territories they lived in. 428 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:00,400 Speaker 1: And they eventually rose up against Rome, against a Roman 429 00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:04,000 Speaker 1: empire in the areas where they lived. And these little 430 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:08,240 Speaker 1: battles and skirmishes that that that Rome was having, or 431 00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:11,359 Speaker 1: the Roman Empire was having with these groups that would 432 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:14,840 Speaker 1: have otherwise not been in their borders started to weaken 433 00:27:14,920 --> 00:27:19,960 Speaker 1: the empire enough that it actually felt the the I 434 00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:24,240 Speaker 1: think it was the Goths that actually sacked Rome and 435 00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:26,960 Speaker 1: and crumbled the Roman Empire. And the whole reason they 436 00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:30,280 Speaker 1: could make it to Rome was because they were in 437 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,520 Speaker 1: the Roman Empire already, because the Huns had pushed them 438 00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:35,960 Speaker 1: in their years before and set off this chain of 439 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: events that led to maybe the most powerful empire in 440 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:43,800 Speaker 1: the history of the world. Tell of the Hun did that? 441 00:27:44,560 --> 00:27:47,879 Speaker 1: It wasn't Susie in her banshees no leading the Goths. 442 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:52,760 Speaker 1: Did you like them? Oh? Yeah, oh yeah, yeah, me too, 443 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:57,840 Speaker 1: they were great. I generally wasn't into that, though, yes, 444 00:27:58,440 --> 00:28:01,399 Speaker 1: I don't even know what counts. She You didn't like 445 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,240 Speaker 1: the cure or the smiths, or I guess the smiths 446 00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:06,720 Speaker 1: weren't weren't goth, but the cure definitely was. You don't 447 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:10,240 Speaker 1: like the cure. I love the cure, but chuck your golf. Really, 448 00:28:10,359 --> 00:28:14,240 Speaker 1: my friend, you're GoF all right, I'll get my mass era. Okay, 449 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:18,640 Speaker 1: uh yeah, I mean some of those terms, I don't 450 00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:20,880 Speaker 1: even know, like what the dividing line is. I don't 451 00:28:21,080 --> 00:28:23,119 Speaker 1: you know. You know, people are still hung up on 452 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,240 Speaker 1: that kind of thing. Do you like the cure? Yes? Good, 453 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:28,920 Speaker 1: you're smart for liking the cure. They're great and you're 454 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:35,520 Speaker 1: a god. Should we talk about his weird marriage situation? Yes, 455 00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:38,080 Speaker 1: so this was odd. He had well, obviously he had 456 00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:39,840 Speaker 1: a bunch of wives, because that's just the way it 457 00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:43,240 Speaker 1: was back then. No one knows how many wives. I 458 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:46,120 Speaker 1: don't think it's like anything like Chingis Khan, where they 459 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:50,920 Speaker 1: think he fathered like half the world's uh people or 460 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,240 Speaker 1: anything like that. But he had a share of wives. 461 00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:56,160 Speaker 1: And this was an interesting thing. Here. In the spring 462 00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:00,240 Speaker 1: of fourteen fifty, there was a woman named Honorrhea, and 463 00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:05,560 Speaker 1: she was the sister of uh Valentinian, the third Emperor 464 00:29:05,640 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: of Western Room. He was trying to marry her off 465 00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: to an aristocrat, as you do, like you're my sister here, 466 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:14,360 Speaker 1: take this husband out of my hair. I'm sorready hearing 467 00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:17,680 Speaker 1: about it. Uh. And she was like, I don't really 468 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: like this guy who you're trying to hook me up with, 469 00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:22,520 Speaker 1: so I'm gonna do a weird thing. He's got no 470 00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:26,440 Speaker 1: hair growing out of his nose, and he's like everybody 471 00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:31,280 Speaker 1: has hair growing out of their nose. It's the fifth century. Uh. 472 00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:36,480 Speaker 1: So she sends her engagement ring to Attila, said, Hey, 473 00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:38,160 Speaker 1: I don't want to marry this guy. Can you help 474 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:40,520 Speaker 1: me out? This is a very bizarre act. It's a 475 00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:44,960 Speaker 1: bizarre act because Attila basically sees this as, oh, she 476 00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:48,280 Speaker 1: wants to marry me because I've got this little wedding ring. 477 00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,120 Speaker 1: Now I put on my pinky toe and uh, I'm 478 00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:54,840 Speaker 1: gonna go. I'm gonna go claim this bride. And I 479 00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:58,960 Speaker 1: also want half of your empire as dowry, half of 480 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,840 Speaker 1: the Western Roman empire. He demanded his dowry, and he 481 00:30:01,920 --> 00:30:06,920 Speaker 1: was coming to get Did you call her Honoria? And 482 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: it seems to me like a Noria was kind of 483 00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:14,360 Speaker 1: like immediately like, what, yeah, I didn't really I didn't 484 00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:17,520 Speaker 1: What I didn't? How is this woman not more famous? 485 00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:19,720 Speaker 1: I don't know like, what a blunder it This is 486 00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:23,960 Speaker 1: a crazy blunder that led to a huge sacking of Rome. 487 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,320 Speaker 1: And why, Like, I feel like there's part of the 488 00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:29,720 Speaker 1: story missing. Why wet out to Antille of the Hunt. 489 00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:33,520 Speaker 1: From what I saw, there was no they'd never met before. 490 00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:36,840 Speaker 1: There was no interaction whatsoever. She just basically said, here, servant, 491 00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:39,160 Speaker 1: take this ring to Attil of the Hunt. I don't 492 00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:41,000 Speaker 1: know where he is, go find him. He wasn't like 493 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:42,720 Speaker 1: met her years ago and it's like, Hey, if you 494 00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:45,760 Speaker 1: need remember me from high school, give me a call. 495 00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:49,280 Speaker 1: I'll sack whatever needs sacking. None of that happened. From 496 00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:52,480 Speaker 1: what I understand, I guess this dude was just the baddest, 497 00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,000 Speaker 1: fiercest guy that a Noria could think of, and she 498 00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,240 Speaker 1: said help. She really really made a missed up and 499 00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,720 Speaker 1: including the engagement ring or maybe even reaching out at all. 500 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:06,960 Speaker 1: But the engagement ring was it gave at Till of 501 00:31:06,960 --> 00:31:10,200 Speaker 1: the Hun just enough entree to say, oh, this is 502 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:12,560 Speaker 1: this is a pretty good reason to to invade the 503 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:15,840 Speaker 1: Western Roman Empire, which he did. That's right, looking for 504 00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:19,480 Speaker 1: an Aria and that was the pretense. Yeah, but on 505 00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:24,200 Speaker 1: his way he took another wife, uh name Bildico I 506 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:27,200 Speaker 1: think so, all right, And on their wedding night he 507 00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:31,640 Speaker 1: actually died. He was not known, especially for the time, 508 00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:36,680 Speaker 1: to be like a great like drinker. I mean, he 509 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 1: wasn't a teetotal or no, but he was very moderate, 510 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:42,240 Speaker 1: temperate person as far as that stuff goes. Yeah, for 511 00:31:42,280 --> 00:31:44,040 Speaker 1: the most part, he wasn't like the rest of the 512 00:31:44,120 --> 00:31:46,400 Speaker 1: Huns that were just you know, getting wasted everything, or 513 00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:49,920 Speaker 1: the rest of the Western Roman or Eastern Roman Empire like. 514 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:55,120 Speaker 1: But he was basically the one large area ruler who 515 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:59,160 Speaker 1: wasn't like just getting wasted and eating like five turkey 516 00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:01,680 Speaker 1: legs at a time. Right, he was different in that 517 00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:03,400 Speaker 1: sense for sure. Yeah, he was the only one that 518 00:32:03,440 --> 00:32:07,000 Speaker 1: didn't have gout. Yeah, I guess as far as I know. Uh, 519 00:32:07,080 --> 00:32:10,160 Speaker 1: so he marries this lady. Apparently he did drink a 520 00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:15,080 Speaker 1: little bit too much on his wedding night and supposedly 521 00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:18,320 Speaker 1: was prone to nose bleeds, and as the story goes, 522 00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:20,600 Speaker 1: in the middle of the night, had some sort of 523 00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:25,200 Speaker 1: massive nosebleed, also saw something about an artery bursting, uh 524 00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:28,800 Speaker 1: and choked on his blood in his sleep and died. Yeah, 525 00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:32,600 Speaker 1: that's supposedly how I tell of the Hun died. Weird story, 526 00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:38,480 Speaker 1: but believable, I guess. For yeah, I mean, the alternative 527 00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:44,240 Speaker 1: explanation is that Il Deco murdered him or um abedded 528 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:47,840 Speaker 1: an assassination um that was carried out by I think 529 00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:52,320 Speaker 1: one of the one either the Eastern or Western Roman emperors. 530 00:32:52,360 --> 00:32:55,000 Speaker 1: Either way, like they think I said, I got the 531 00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:58,120 Speaker 1: impression that that's the generally accepted ideas that he choked 532 00:32:58,120 --> 00:33:01,080 Speaker 1: on his own blood. He basically died out of natural causes, 533 00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:04,600 Speaker 1: which I mean, it's like, Gosh, you overindulge one night 534 00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:07,080 Speaker 1: and you pay for it with your life, you know. 535 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:10,320 Speaker 1: But throughout throughout his reign we left out a huge 536 00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:13,280 Speaker 1: chunk of of his history. At some point he turned 537 00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:17,280 Speaker 1: his attention to Gaul France modern day France Belgium area, 538 00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:21,960 Speaker 1: and that's where he suffered as one defeat. So out 539 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,600 Speaker 1: of the entire nineteen years, this guy was running around 540 00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:31,040 Speaker 1: Eurasia terrorizing it. Um he suffered one defeat, and even 541 00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:34,640 Speaker 1: then it was really a draw. But he uh, he 542 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:41,200 Speaker 1: attacked Gaul and I think troops and the Western Roman 543 00:33:41,240 --> 00:33:44,560 Speaker 1: emperor got with the Goths and said, you guys, we 544 00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:48,720 Speaker 1: gotta do something about this, and they managed to basically 545 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:51,360 Speaker 1: enter into a draw with the Huns, so much so 546 00:33:51,440 --> 00:33:54,000 Speaker 1: that the Huns had to withdraw to their camp and 547 00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:58,239 Speaker 1: eventually left Gaul after this, but it was supposedly one 548 00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:01,600 Speaker 1: of the bloodiest battles in the history of of the world. Yeah, 549 00:34:01,680 --> 00:34:04,360 Speaker 1: they managed to fight him back after and this is 550 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:06,640 Speaker 1: after the beginning was definitely going in the favor of 551 00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:09,360 Speaker 1: the Huns. Uh, So it looked like the riding was 552 00:34:09,400 --> 00:34:11,920 Speaker 1: on the wall and that was that was a big comeback. 553 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:16,560 Speaker 1: But imagine basically spending every day of your life engaged 554 00:34:16,600 --> 00:34:20,319 Speaker 1: in conquest, in battle and you got one lost to 555 00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:24,840 Speaker 1: your name. Yeah, you gotta have one. Everybody's got to 556 00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:28,279 Speaker 1: have the ups with the downs, right. Yeah. Well, let's 557 00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:31,319 Speaker 1: talk about his his his burial after his death. Yeah, 558 00:34:31,320 --> 00:34:35,600 Speaker 1: this is pretty interesting. After he died, his his horsemen, 559 00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:38,760 Speaker 1: his followers, they cut off their hair, they smeared blood 560 00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:41,840 Speaker 1: all over their face, and they slowly circled him on 561 00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:45,400 Speaker 1: their horses. Um, I guess just I don't know if 562 00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:49,920 Speaker 1: that was a uh sign of respect that normally happens, 563 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:55,040 Speaker 1: or if they were just reacting instinctively, or if it 564 00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:57,359 Speaker 1: was some old ritual, But at any rate, they just 565 00:34:57,400 --> 00:35:01,320 Speaker 1: slowly rode around his body that was the tent. Eventually 566 00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:05,640 Speaker 1: he went in three coffins. Yeah, which makes me think 567 00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:09,440 Speaker 1: that he could still be found, Yes, because he was 568 00:35:09,480 --> 00:35:13,680 Speaker 1: in a coffin of gold, silver and iron, apparently, like, ah, 569 00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:18,920 Speaker 1: was it a Matrushka nesk? I don't know, Matroishka. What 570 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:22,000 Speaker 1: is that? You know? The little Russian dolls that nest 571 00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:25,319 Speaker 1: inside one another Russian nesting dolls. Let's just call him that. Yeah, 572 00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:29,560 Speaker 1: I didn't know they had to. I think it's Maroika. Yeah, 573 00:35:29,719 --> 00:35:32,520 Speaker 1: I think so. I love those. And show me a 574 00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:35,680 Speaker 1: child that's not delighted by one of those, yeah, little 575 00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:39,560 Speaker 1: things inside of other things. Show you a dollard. Uh. 576 00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:43,000 Speaker 1: So they put him in three coffins. According to legend, 577 00:35:43,040 --> 00:35:46,600 Speaker 1: they divert a river um like fully damn up a 578 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:49,680 Speaker 1: river and bury him in the river bed and then 579 00:35:49,760 --> 00:35:53,399 Speaker 1: release the river once again, so that his grave would 580 00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:57,040 Speaker 1: never be found. They also killed the people who buried 581 00:35:57,120 --> 00:35:59,520 Speaker 1: him so that they couldn't tell anybody who were slaves. 582 00:35:59,719 --> 00:36:02,360 Speaker 1: So there's there's actually so that sounds like a total 583 00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:06,360 Speaker 1: like Paul Bunyan esque tall tale. Right, there's actually historical 584 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:09,600 Speaker 1: evidence that this had been done at least two other times. 585 00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:14,319 Speaker 1: The emperor Gilgamesh, you know, the Epic of Gilgamesh. They 586 00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:18,160 Speaker 1: believed that they found his resting place under the Euphrates, 587 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:21,080 Speaker 1: and legend has it that they diverted the Euphrates to 588 00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:23,360 Speaker 1: bury him in the river bed for the same exact reason. 589 00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:26,719 Speaker 1: They think they've actually found gilgamesh Is burying place. And 590 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:34,480 Speaker 1: then um, I think the Doocious the first Yeah, the 591 00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:37,600 Speaker 1: Goth king who was killed in one of those battles 592 00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:41,440 Speaker 1: in Gaul, the one that that repelled Um until of 593 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:45,200 Speaker 1: the hunt. Um kind of he was buried in a 594 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:48,439 Speaker 1: diverted river as well. So they're saying like they think 595 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:52,359 Speaker 1: this actually may have happened, which means that you if 596 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:55,200 Speaker 1: you search bet it was the Danube that they buried 597 00:36:55,239 --> 00:36:59,320 Speaker 1: him in. But if you search a river, I would 598 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:01,480 Speaker 1: I would start with the Danube because that's where the 599 00:37:01,520 --> 00:37:04,320 Speaker 1: capital of the Huns was. Could they divert the Danube? 600 00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:06,200 Speaker 1: Though I don't know, maybe a part of it. Who 601 00:37:06,239 --> 00:37:09,000 Speaker 1: knows that that maybe one day a till of the 602 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:15,120 Speaker 1: huns um grave will be found, especially as archaeological technology advances. 603 00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:17,640 Speaker 1: I guarantee you in fifty years we're going to have 604 00:37:17,719 --> 00:37:19,839 Speaker 1: found Until of the Huns gray Man, and it will 605 00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:23,960 Speaker 1: be under a riverbed in three coffins. Yes, I really 606 00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:28,000 Speaker 1: think that that's for real. I believe it. Believe it. 607 00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:32,799 Speaker 1: Oh wait, you said you did? Ah, you go anything else? No, 608 00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:35,359 Speaker 1: I mean that which there's a lot of the till 609 00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:37,600 Speaker 1: of the hun stuff that we did not get to. 610 00:37:38,080 --> 00:37:40,960 Speaker 1: Can I add one more thing? I want to defend 611 00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:45,919 Speaker 1: my use of barbarian one of the I think contemporary 612 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:51,160 Speaker 1: historians described the Huns as not making no use of fire. 613 00:37:51,320 --> 00:37:55,080 Speaker 1: They even use fire. Supposedly they didn't cook their food. 614 00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:59,359 Speaker 1: They would eat roots from the ground and then raw 615 00:37:59,480 --> 00:38:02,120 Speaker 1: meat that they would put between their thighs in the 616 00:38:02,239 --> 00:38:05,480 Speaker 1: saddle to tenderize it, I guess, and then they would 617 00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:09,759 Speaker 1: eat that. They're barbarians. Okay, I saw that article. It said, uh, 618 00:38:10,719 --> 00:38:13,239 Speaker 1: something like half raw, and they said, we say half 619 00:38:13,320 --> 00:38:16,520 Speaker 1: raw because they would hold it between their thighs to 620 00:38:16,680 --> 00:38:22,279 Speaker 1: cook it. Yeah, you got some beef thighs there. You 621 00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:26,000 Speaker 1: got some red stained thighs. That sounds like, uh, I 622 00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:27,960 Speaker 1: don't need what that sounds like on the menu something 623 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:31,839 Speaker 1: it's been cooked from the thighs of a hun. Right, 624 00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:35,799 Speaker 1: It's kind of like it's one hipster step above su 625 00:38:35,920 --> 00:38:41,080 Speaker 1: vied cooking. Really, if you think about. Okay, now we're done. 626 00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:45,760 Speaker 1: Nothing like the warm glow of a hunt testicle against 627 00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:50,000 Speaker 1: the stake it man, Oh boy, who's going on the 628 00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:52,640 Speaker 1: rails here? Yeah? So if you want to know more 629 00:38:52,680 --> 00:38:55,200 Speaker 1: about the huns, you can type that word in the 630 00:38:55,200 --> 00:38:57,600 Speaker 1: search bar how stuff works dot com. And since I 631 00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:01,520 Speaker 1: said that, it's time for a listener maw, I'm gonna 632 00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:04,040 Speaker 1: call this follow up to we got a surprising amount 633 00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:08,200 Speaker 1: of email from that goofy show we did on the Jobs. Yeah, 634 00:39:08,239 --> 00:39:12,359 Speaker 1: I know, it's like a high, high volume episode. Yeah, 635 00:39:12,480 --> 00:39:15,040 Speaker 1: I was surprised. You never know. Uh. And by the way, 636 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:16,960 Speaker 1: we had a lot of people right in and say, 637 00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:20,160 Speaker 1: by the way, there is still chariot racing. It's called 638 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:23,799 Speaker 1: harness racing pin setters, and I take issue with that. 639 00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:27,920 Speaker 1: Harness racing is harness racing. Those are not chariots. Oh yeah, okay, 640 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:29,600 Speaker 1: what if I gets the same thing. There are pin 641 00:39:29,640 --> 00:39:34,000 Speaker 1: setters and lamp lighters too. Basically, it was a fraudulent episode. 642 00:39:34,440 --> 00:39:37,040 Speaker 1: Now I'm with you. Harness racing is not cherry. Like 643 00:39:37,120 --> 00:39:39,640 Speaker 1: standing up in a in a wooden box being pulled 644 00:39:39,640 --> 00:39:42,040 Speaker 1: by eight horses is not the same thing as a 645 00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:43,880 Speaker 1: harness race. I've been to a harness race. I have to. 646 00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:46,120 Speaker 1: My dad used to take us to those, let us 647 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:47,680 Speaker 1: bet like a dollar on him. I don't think I 648 00:39:47,640 --> 00:39:50,920 Speaker 1: ever won, Yeah, which is probably good for my gambling bug. 649 00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:54,000 Speaker 1: It never took off at a young age. Yeah, just 650 00:39:54,040 --> 00:39:57,120 Speaker 1: the skittles and poker. Yeah. I'm not a big gamper either. 651 00:39:57,880 --> 00:40:00,800 Speaker 1: Uh okay, alright, So anyway, this is about lamp lighters. 652 00:40:00,920 --> 00:40:04,480 Speaker 1: This from Carlos in Mexico. Hey, guys, have found the 653 00:40:04,520 --> 00:40:07,600 Speaker 1: stuff you talk about about lamp lighting fascinating. Like to 654 00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:10,160 Speaker 1: add some extra info, Back in the day, people used 655 00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:13,960 Speaker 1: to tip and or threaten the lamplighters to leave the 656 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:17,319 Speaker 1: lamp near a park bench or something turned off so 657 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:22,479 Speaker 1: couples could have more privacy. You know what I'm saying, Like, Hey, 658 00:40:22,560 --> 00:40:25,520 Speaker 1: don't like that lamp. I gotta cure some meat over here, 659 00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:31,880 Speaker 1: you know, the hunway. In fact, there is a Spanish 660 00:40:31,960 --> 00:40:37,360 Speaker 1: folk song by the Cherumbellas suggestion on how to pronounce 661 00:40:37,400 --> 00:40:44,640 Speaker 1: it h jerum bellas. Is it a d J? It's 662 00:40:44,680 --> 00:40:48,200 Speaker 1: a c H pronounced like a ju. He says jerom 663 00:40:48,239 --> 00:40:52,000 Speaker 1: Bellas about a lamp lighter being harassed by couples every 664 00:40:52,080 --> 00:40:55,200 Speaker 1: night to leave the lamp off. The chorus loosely translates 665 00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:59,160 Speaker 1: as follows, lamp lighter, go a little over there and 666 00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:02,440 Speaker 1: leave this lamp off. In love affairs the lamp, the 667 00:41:02,520 --> 00:41:05,359 Speaker 1: light of lamp always gets in the way. And this 668 00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:11,600 Speaker 1: song is from the song Farrelero by the Chambarillas. How 669 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:15,160 Speaker 1: about that. I think you made it through quite nicely. Uh. 670 00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:17,800 Speaker 1: And this is from Carlos from Guadalajara, and he also 671 00:41:17,840 --> 00:41:21,879 Speaker 1: wants to suggest a topic, how capture work? Oh nice? 672 00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:25,680 Speaker 1: Did we not cover that? No, we could do a 673 00:41:25,719 --> 00:41:28,040 Speaker 1: whole one on like caption the Turing test and all 674 00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:30,920 Speaker 1: that would be cool because capture stands for something, right, 675 00:41:31,320 --> 00:41:39,000 Speaker 1: stands for computer automated pap tests PEP, something test to 676 00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:43,680 Speaker 1: tell computers and humans apart. And now that's the end. Yeah. 677 00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:45,880 Speaker 1: Maybe I think we did something about that on our 678 00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:50,080 Speaker 1: dump TV show. That's what it was. You're absolutely right, yeah, 679 00:41:50,640 --> 00:41:53,000 Speaker 1: uh yeah. Well, if you want to get in touch 680 00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:55,640 Speaker 1: with us to find out what dumb TV show chucks 681 00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:58,600 Speaker 1: talking about, good luck, because we don't talk about it 682 00:41:58,640 --> 00:42:03,040 Speaker 1: any longer. Um, you can follow us by going onto 683 00:42:03,120 --> 00:42:05,879 Speaker 1: our website stuff you should know dot com looking for 684 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:08,960 Speaker 1: all of the links to our social media's and then 685 00:42:09,719 --> 00:42:11,759 Speaker 1: meeting us there. You can also send us an email 686 00:42:11,840 --> 00:42:19,400 Speaker 1: to Stuff podcast and how stuff works dot com for 687 00:42:19,480 --> 00:42:22,360 Speaker 1: moralness and thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff 688 00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:30,440 Speaker 1: works dot com