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When you 10 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 1: pop a piece of cheese into your mouth, you're probably 11 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:34,199 Speaker 1: not thinking about the environmental impact. But the people in 12 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,360 Speaker 1: the dairy industry are. That's why they're working hard every 13 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:40,760 Speaker 1: day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, 14 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 1: and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. How is US Dairy 15 00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:48,520 Speaker 1: tackling greenhouse gases? Many farms use anaerobic digesters to turn 16 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:53,080 Speaker 1: the methane from manure into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, 17 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: and electric cars. Visit US dairy dot COM's Last Sustainability 18 00:00:57,280 --> 00:00:57,920 Speaker 1: to learn more. 19 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 2: Our iHeartRadio Music Festival for the Senate Bike Capitol one 20 00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:06,119 Speaker 2: coming back to Las Vegas a twenty first weekend full 21 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:12,119 Speaker 2: of superstar performances as Rocky Banks, Sean Camilo, Kabel Tojikulia 22 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:16,240 Speaker 2: When Stefani, Hosier, Keith Urban, New Kids on the Block, 23 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:21,120 Speaker 2: Paramore Chaboozi, The Black Crows, The Weekend, Thomas Red, Victoria, 24 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:24,880 Speaker 2: Monette Hold Plays, Chris Martin and more stream live only 25 00:01:24,959 --> 00:01:26,759 Speaker 2: on Hulu and get it, it gets to be there 26 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:28,320 Speaker 2: at AXS dot Com. 27 00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: Hi, I'm Daniel and I'm Joege and we're here to 28 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:42,880 Speaker 1: explain the universe. The universe. Dude came in so late there? 29 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:45,800 Speaker 1: Oh sorry, I get to travel back in time and 30 00:01:45,880 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: get that right? 31 00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 3: I guess that was out of time. Hi. I'm Daniel 32 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 3: and I'm Joegan, and we're here to explain the universe. 33 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:15,240 Speaker 3: I'm Hori, I'm a cartoonist the creator of PhD Comics. 34 00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:17,360 Speaker 1: And I'm Daniel, I'm a particle physicist. 35 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:19,400 Speaker 3: And together where the authors of the book. 36 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: We have no idea which tries to tackle some of 37 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:25,280 Speaker 1: the biggest questions of the universe and doesn't answer any 38 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:25,560 Speaker 1: of them. 39 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:33,480 Speaker 3: That's right. Like, for example, today's topic, which is which 40 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:35,560 Speaker 3: movies get time travel right? 41 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:39,680 Speaker 1: Are there any science fiction movies that actually get time 42 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:44,840 Speaker 1: travel scientifically correct. Any that could really plausibly happen given 43 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: some technology in the future that we could invent. That's 44 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:49,920 Speaker 1: the question we're going to tackle today. We went out 45 00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:51,600 Speaker 1: in the street and we asked people what they thought. 46 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:54,160 Speaker 1: What do you think? Here's what people in the street 47 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:57,400 Speaker 1: had to say. Do you think time travel is possible? 48 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:08,320 Speaker 1: I think theoretically yes, like based on math and everything, 49 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:11,239 Speaker 1: but I don't think we as humans will be able 50 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: to I hope silva. 51 00:03:12,840 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 3: I don't know if it is, because everyone in movies 52 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:19,000 Speaker 3: always says you need infinite energy, and I don't think 53 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:20,119 Speaker 3: that's possible. 54 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:24,239 Speaker 1: Probably. I mean, there's so much out there that we 55 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,840 Speaker 1: don't know about that I don't think I could really 56 00:03:26,919 --> 00:03:27,400 Speaker 1: rule it out. 57 00:03:28,120 --> 00:03:30,400 Speaker 3: What's your favorite time travel movie, Daniel. 58 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: Man, I gotta tell you, I don't think I like 59 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:33,840 Speaker 1: any time travel movies. 60 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 3: What do you mean you can't enjoy any of them? 61 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:38,120 Speaker 4: Right? 62 00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:40,240 Speaker 1: The problem for me is that when I watch science fiction, 63 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:42,360 Speaker 1: I really want it to make sense. I mean, you 64 00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:44,720 Speaker 1: can invent whatever rules you want, you come up with 65 00:03:44,760 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: your own universe, with your own physics, whatever, but then 66 00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:50,200 Speaker 1: it has to follow those rules, because if you don't 67 00:03:50,240 --> 00:03:52,960 Speaker 1: follow the rules, then anything can happen, and then you're 68 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:55,680 Speaker 1: not really invested because at any point the plot could 69 00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:58,360 Speaker 1: just shift and twist and spike, and you know, you 70 00:03:58,440 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: could save the universe with crazy glowing bananas or something. 71 00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:03,440 Speaker 1: So you have to have some rules. 72 00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 3: What do you think it's so appealing about time travel? Right, 73 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:10,080 Speaker 3: there's so many movies about it books. Why do you 74 00:04:10,160 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 3: think humans love to think about time travel or wish 75 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:15,160 Speaker 3: they could do it? 76 00:04:15,440 --> 00:04:17,640 Speaker 1: I think there's a lot of reasons. I think one 77 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:20,240 Speaker 1: is just fascination, Like I'd like to go back and 78 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:22,800 Speaker 1: see what dinosaurs really looked like, or I'd like to 79 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:26,120 Speaker 1: know who really killed JFK. Or I'd like to travel 80 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:28,200 Speaker 1: to the future and like learn the secrets of the 81 00:04:28,320 --> 00:04:32,239 Speaker 1: universe that humans will one day reveal. Right, this feeling 82 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:35,080 Speaker 1: that we're like trapped in the present. Only we could 83 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:38,440 Speaker 1: travel somewhere else, we could see and learn something new. 84 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:40,840 Speaker 1: And some of these things are facts, like there is 85 00:04:40,880 --> 00:04:44,120 Speaker 1: a real story about how the dinosaurs died, or how 86 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:46,359 Speaker 1: the moon was made or all this kind of stuff. 87 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:49,040 Speaker 1: It really happened, and in some cases the clues for 88 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:50,800 Speaker 1: it are just gone. And if you could travel back 89 00:04:50,839 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: in time, you could learn those things for real. 90 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,360 Speaker 3: The other big thing is that people wish they could 91 00:04:56,560 --> 00:05:00,720 Speaker 3: change things they've done in the past, right of course, yeah, 92 00:05:00,839 --> 00:05:03,200 Speaker 3: like regret, you have regret about things you did. You 93 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,040 Speaker 3: wish you could go back and like, I don't know, 94 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 3: be been more bold with a certain person, or been 95 00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 3: more said something differently than before. So that feeling of regret, like, oh, 96 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:14,560 Speaker 3: I can't go. 97 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:17,360 Speaker 1: Back, that's right, And we're trained like in video games, 98 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,360 Speaker 1: you know you have another life, or you can save 99 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:21,720 Speaker 1: the game and go back and try it again. Right, 100 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:25,040 Speaker 1: that's a really tempting idea. Or you remember an argument 101 00:05:25,120 --> 00:05:26,720 Speaker 1: you had and then you wish you had gone back 102 00:05:26,760 --> 00:05:29,159 Speaker 1: and said something different, like when you'd had time later 103 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:31,760 Speaker 1: to come up with a really juicy zinger and you 104 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:33,720 Speaker 1: could go back and deliver it and embarrass them. That 105 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:35,880 Speaker 1: we've all fantasized about that. 106 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:38,880 Speaker 3: And then in terms of the future, we worry about 107 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:41,880 Speaker 3: the future. Right, it's a good unknown that makes us concern, 108 00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:43,680 Speaker 3: So we some things wish we could see, what would 109 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:44,840 Speaker 3: have what's going to happen? 110 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:48,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, or even steal secrets from the future. Right, 111 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,800 Speaker 1: imagine you could go forward in a hundred years scoop 112 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:52,840 Speaker 1: up a bunch of inventions, bring them back, and then 113 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:55,719 Speaker 1: you know, get rich and famous. Right, you steal steal 114 00:05:55,800 --> 00:05:58,640 Speaker 1: ideas from people who haven't even been born yet. Right, 115 00:05:58,800 --> 00:06:01,720 Speaker 1: It's like almost victimless crime because the victims are not 116 00:06:01,839 --> 00:06:02,760 Speaker 1: even yet fetuses. 117 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,599 Speaker 3: Right, So you could again, but again it's I guess 118 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:08,800 Speaker 3: it's also again this idea of the past and the 119 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:11,760 Speaker 3: future being inaccessible to us, Like you said, we're trapped 120 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:12,719 Speaker 3: in the present, and. 121 00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:15,200 Speaker 1: The present itself is a weird idea, like what is 122 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:17,440 Speaker 1: the present? You know, if you imagine like time is 123 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:20,560 Speaker 1: like a line, the president is like a moment, an 124 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:24,600 Speaker 1: instant along that line. But weirdly, it's not static, right, 125 00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:27,080 Speaker 1: It's not a place like in space. It like moves 126 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: forward at one second per second. 127 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:29,840 Speaker 5: Right. 128 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:32,360 Speaker 1: And we could spend a whole podcast diving into the 129 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:35,520 Speaker 1: mysteries and the science of time, and probably we should. 130 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:38,520 Speaker 1: We don't have time today, but I think it's it's 131 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:41,240 Speaker 1: worth thinking about what time is so we can understand 132 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:45,360 Speaker 1: what aspects of time travel are scientifically problematic, so that 133 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:48,320 Speaker 1: we're prepared when we dig into all these deeply flowed 134 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:49,360 Speaker 1: time travel movies. 135 00:06:50,120 --> 00:06:52,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, well then that makes sense why there are so 136 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:55,760 Speaker 3: many movies and stories about it. It's like it's a 137 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:59,599 Speaker 3: great fantasy to be able to travel. 138 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:01,320 Speaker 1: Through Timeoutly I'd love to be able to do it. 139 00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:03,599 Speaker 1: I mean, if somebody built a real working time machine, 140 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: I would be first in line to use it to 141 00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:08,800 Speaker 1: answer deep questions about the universe and go forwards and 142 00:07:08,839 --> 00:07:11,040 Speaker 1: backwards and you know, buy different pair of socks and 143 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:11,840 Speaker 1: all sorts of stuff. 144 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:14,560 Speaker 3: We just wrote down a little sentence here that I 145 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:19,040 Speaker 3: think will help us drive home the point of what 146 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 3: time is, which is by saying what time is not? Right? 147 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:26,800 Speaker 1: Absolutely, that's a great way to find a long list 148 00:07:27,040 --> 00:07:31,680 Speaker 1: of what time isn't time It's not raspberries, not clouds. Yeah. 149 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 3: Well, but an interesting one we wrote down was time 150 00:07:35,040 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 3: is not like space. 151 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:37,360 Speaker 2: Right. 152 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:38,040 Speaker 3: What does that mean? 153 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:41,520 Speaker 1: Well, we're all fascinated with space, right, and the idea 154 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:44,520 Speaker 1: of space travel is fun, and even just in terms 155 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: of space, like as in your environment, like where you 156 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:49,840 Speaker 1: are on Earth. We get our car, we drive somewhere. 157 00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:52,360 Speaker 1: We have this agency, right, we can go where we want. 158 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:54,520 Speaker 1: We can move forward and backward, we can move up 159 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:56,559 Speaker 1: and down a little bit, we can move side to side. 160 00:07:56,880 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: We have this freedom to move in space, right. And 161 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:01,520 Speaker 1: I think that's where this notion of travel comes from, 162 00:08:01,560 --> 00:08:04,480 Speaker 1: and we'd love to apply that same notion to time. 163 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:09,280 Speaker 1: And in fact, it's very scientifically titillating to think of 164 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:13,000 Speaker 1: time as a fourth dimension of space. And it's true 165 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,640 Speaker 1: that in Einstein's relativity he binds time and space together 166 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:20,040 Speaker 1: into this one concept called space time. It's like things 167 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:20,360 Speaker 1: to get. 168 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:24,080 Speaker 3: Part of the same kind of space, right, all kinds 169 00:08:24,080 --> 00:08:25,280 Speaker 3: of all part of the. 170 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:30,800 Speaker 1: Same mathematical construct. It's a four dimensional mathematical construct that 171 00:08:30,840 --> 00:08:33,400 Speaker 1: has three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. 172 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:36,720 Speaker 3: And we kind of wish we could travel through time 173 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,600 Speaker 3: the way we travel around in space, like skipping around 174 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:42,040 Speaker 3: or doing loops or going back to the same spot, 175 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 3: but we can't do that with time. It's like it's 176 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:47,200 Speaker 3: a one directional and it's always moving forward. 177 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:50,960 Speaker 1: That's right. And in any science fiction universe, you're gonna 178 00:08:50,960 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: have a theory of physics. You're gonna have some science 179 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:55,280 Speaker 1: in that universe, and that theory is going to have 180 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:58,400 Speaker 1: time in it. Right. If it's a story where something happens, right, 181 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:00,679 Speaker 1: and if it has to time in it, then it 182 00:09:00,760 --> 00:09:03,800 Speaker 1: has to have cause and effect, and that's causality. Right, 183 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,599 Speaker 1: a happens then b if A caused B, then A 184 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,920 Speaker 1: has to happen before B. In science fiction, we typically 185 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:11,800 Speaker 1: give people free reign to come up with their own 186 00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:14,480 Speaker 1: new laws of physics and then create a story in 187 00:09:14,559 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: that universe. Right, that's the creative element of it. But 188 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:20,199 Speaker 1: they have to come up with a consistent set, and 189 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:23,199 Speaker 1: for it to be consistent, it has to follow causality, 190 00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: and causality rules out time travel, right, So that's basically screwed. 191 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:29,080 Speaker 1: That's the big bummer. 192 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's the big bummer then, because everything has to 193 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,199 Speaker 3: be linked from A to B B deceived by laws 194 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:38,360 Speaker 3: of physics. You can't just kind of jump around, that's right. 195 00:09:38,679 --> 00:09:42,880 Speaker 1: And you also can't even really avoid it by trying 196 00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:46,440 Speaker 1: to make like little changes. You know. There's this famous story, 197 00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: one of the earlier time travel stories. Red Bridberry think 198 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:52,719 Speaker 1: that the story, it's called the Butterfly Effect. Guy goes 199 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:56,199 Speaker 1: back in time and he goes he's like hunting t 200 00:09:56,360 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 1: Rexes or something pretty awesome as some company, and they 201 00:09:59,320 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: tell them you can't touch anything but the t rex 202 00:10:01,880 --> 00:10:03,959 Speaker 1: They find t rexes, which were already going to die, 203 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:06,679 Speaker 1: so it doesn't affect anything else in the future. But 204 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:10,160 Speaker 1: he accidentally steps on a butterfly, and he kills that butterfly, 205 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:13,240 Speaker 1: and killing that butterfly has some effect. You know, some 206 00:10:13,520 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: lizard which was going to eat that butterfly now doesn't 207 00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:17,840 Speaker 1: and then dies, and then the thing that was going 208 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:19,920 Speaker 1: to eat that lizard dies, and then the thing that 209 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:21,480 Speaker 1: was going to eat that right, and then dot dot 210 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:24,360 Speaker 1: dot fifty million years later. Who knows how big the 211 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 1: effects are. The world is a chaotic system. Any tiny 212 00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:31,880 Speaker 1: little change that crushing a butterfly could lead to enormous changes, 213 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:35,880 Speaker 1: Like humans don't evolve, you know, or the world is 214 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:39,839 Speaker 1: completely different, so any change to the past can have 215 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,880 Speaker 1: enormous cataclysmic effects in the. 216 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,840 Speaker 3: Future, which might affect the human going back in time 217 00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:46,760 Speaker 3: in the first place. 218 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 1: Right exactly. Think about it, like everything that happened in 219 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:53,280 Speaker 1: the past is a partial cause of you, because the 220 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:57,000 Speaker 1: system is so complicated and interconnected that anything in the 221 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 1: past can conceivably play a role in your career. So 222 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:03,160 Speaker 1: if you're the time traveler and you go back and 223 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:06,480 Speaker 1: do anything, even just breathe air molecules and warm them 224 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:09,160 Speaker 1: up a little bit, you're changing some of the things 225 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:12,800 Speaker 1: that caused you. And so then you as a physical 226 00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:16,640 Speaker 1: object in the science based universe no longer really exist, right, 227 00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:18,679 Speaker 1: So it's an immediate paradox, even if you just go 228 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:21,320 Speaker 1: back in time and take a breath right. 229 00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:29,640 Speaker 3: Around molecules that might have somehow influenced you being there. 230 00:11:30,400 --> 00:11:30,800 Speaker 1: That's right. 231 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:33,880 Speaker 3: Yeah, Okay, so cost effect is a big bummer. It 232 00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 3: means that you can't mess around with the ordering of things. 233 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:39,160 Speaker 3: You can't mess with logic, and. 234 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:43,439 Speaker 1: That's rights and even small changes will snowball into large effects. 235 00:11:43,720 --> 00:11:45,360 Speaker 1: I remember now the name of that story is the 236 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:47,679 Speaker 1: Sound of Thunder. It's a Ray Bradberry story. It's a 237 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:48,640 Speaker 1: really awesome story. 238 00:11:48,920 --> 00:11:53,320 Speaker 3: Cool all right, So so you're saying time travel is impossible. 239 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:56,920 Speaker 1: Now we should clarify time travel backwards is backwards, right, 240 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,400 Speaker 1: because that would reorder cause and effect, right, because we're 241 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,839 Speaker 1: always travel forward. We're always traveling forward in time. That's 242 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:03,560 Speaker 1: not a problem. 243 00:12:03,679 --> 00:12:04,960 Speaker 3: We're all time travelers. 244 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:08,800 Speaker 1: We are all time travelers. It's not a very exciting ride, 245 00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: but you're on it. 246 00:12:09,679 --> 00:12:12,319 Speaker 3: And some I mean techniques, some could even travel forwards 247 00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:14,760 Speaker 3: faster than others, right, Like if I pop in a spaceship, 248 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 3: it's speed of light. Come back, I travel h through 249 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:21,079 Speaker 3: time differently than you. 250 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:23,480 Speaker 1: That's right. Now, that we're done with the bummer part 251 00:12:23,559 --> 00:12:25,800 Speaker 1: that time travel backwards is not possible. Let's talk about 252 00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 1: the exciting part, which is you're absolutely right time travel forward. 253 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 1: There's nothing preventing that, okay, and you could build a machine, 254 00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:35,800 Speaker 1: which you know just I mean, it's very simple actually technologically, 255 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:39,360 Speaker 1: just like cryogenics. If I freeze you, right, the whoree 256 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:42,440 Speaker 1: popsicle stays in place for a million years. As long 257 00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:46,040 Speaker 1: as we have technology, as long as we have technology 258 00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:48,800 Speaker 1: to dethaw you and revive you in five million years, 259 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:51,440 Speaker 1: then you have traveled forward five million years. 260 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:54,160 Speaker 3: And the reason it is we'll have taken a break 261 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:56,560 Speaker 3: popped out in a future time. 262 00:12:57,160 --> 00:13:00,320 Speaker 1: That's right, Yeah, And I mean there's lots of moral 263 00:13:00,559 --> 00:13:03,120 Speaker 1: and biological problems with that, but from a physics point 264 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:05,719 Speaker 1: of view, you're just stretching cause and effect. You're not 265 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:08,640 Speaker 1: breaking it. You make the effects later treashing it. 266 00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:13,040 Speaker 3: Okay. Yeah, sods potential backwards is impossible, and that's kind 267 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:15,240 Speaker 3: of the basis of most fun movies, right, it's going 268 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:16,400 Speaker 3: back and changing something. 269 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 1: And I want to talk about that some more, but 270 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:26,160 Speaker 1: first let's take a quick break with big wireless providers. 271 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:29,079 Speaker 1: What you see is never what you get somewhere between 272 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:31,000 Speaker 1: the store and your first month's bill. The price you 273 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 1: thought you were paying magically skyrockets. With mint Mobile, You'll 274 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:37,640 Speaker 1: never have to worry about gotcha's ever again. 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And I think a lot of science fiction 328 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,120 Speaker 1: fans probably more relaxed about whether the universe follows its rules. 329 00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 1: And so if you're willing to break the rules, then 330 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: you know you can do anything you like. But they 331 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: at least put up the appearance usually of trying to 332 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:45,760 Speaker 1: follow some rules, and so how do they do it? Well, 333 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:49,960 Speaker 1: one classic way is the split universe. They say, okay, 334 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: you go back in time to see your grandfather, for example, 335 00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:56,920 Speaker 1: and then when you arrive back in time, you split 336 00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,360 Speaker 1: the universe. This is the original universe in which you 337 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:02,320 Speaker 1: didn't go back time, and this is new universe where 338 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: you've gone back in time. 339 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,920 Speaker 3: Like it's so you t talk about timelines. 340 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,600 Speaker 1: Right, yeah, and so you're a product of the original 341 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:13,360 Speaker 1: timeline called timeline zero, and now you have inserted yourself 342 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:16,560 Speaker 1: into another universe called timeline one. And if you make 343 00:17:16,680 --> 00:17:19,880 Speaker 1: changes in timeline one, it doesn't affect timeline zero, which 344 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:22,800 Speaker 1: is what caused you, what created you, where you came from. 345 00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:25,320 Speaker 1: Like that, you're free to muck up timeline one. You 346 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:27,760 Speaker 1: can kill your grandfather, for example, and he can be 347 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:30,480 Speaker 1: dead and in timeline one you're never even born. 348 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:33,320 Speaker 3: Right. Well, there's a famous scene, that famous scene and 349 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:38,040 Speaker 3: Back to the Future where Doc Brown played by Christopher Lloyd, 350 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:41,640 Speaker 3: explains basically like he whips out a chalkboard and explains 351 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,359 Speaker 3: time travel to Marty and so he like draws the 352 00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:46,440 Speaker 3: line and says, like this is the time that you 353 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:48,680 Speaker 3: were in and then you travel back in time and 354 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:50,520 Speaker 3: you split off a different timeline. 355 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:54,360 Speaker 1: Man, that movie has so many problems I know where 356 00:17:54,359 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 1: to start, because, yeah, they try to go in that movie, 357 00:17:58,200 --> 00:18:00,760 Speaker 1: they try to go for the alternate time line. That's 358 00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:03,280 Speaker 1: good theory, right, but it doesn't even really make sense 359 00:18:03,359 --> 00:18:07,280 Speaker 1: because in that movie, he has what broken up his parents, 360 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:09,480 Speaker 1: so his parents won't get together, so they won't make 361 00:18:09,560 --> 00:18:12,440 Speaker 1: him right, so he won't exist anymore. So problem number 362 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:15,240 Speaker 1: one is if they're in the split split timeline theory, 363 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,639 Speaker 1: then it shouldn't matter, right, he's in a new timeline, 364 00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:22,320 Speaker 1: but he's disappearing. You notice like he's fading from the 365 00:18:22,359 --> 00:18:25,919 Speaker 1: photographs and his hand is becoming transparent. Why is that happening? 366 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:29,200 Speaker 1: If he's from the original unchanged timeline. 367 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:32,200 Speaker 3: The new timeline can affect the old timeline. 368 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:34,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, which in which case you're not really in a 369 00:18:34,359 --> 00:18:35,479 Speaker 1: split timeline at all. 370 00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:36,000 Speaker 3: Okay. 371 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:38,240 Speaker 1: The other the other thing, this is the thing that 372 00:18:38,359 --> 00:18:41,360 Speaker 1: really irks me about that whole approach, is that why 373 00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:43,200 Speaker 1: does he fade slowly? 374 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:43,760 Speaker 3: Right? 375 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,680 Speaker 1: It takes him, like, you know, two hours of movie 376 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:49,399 Speaker 1: time for his hand to gradually disappear and. 377 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:52,160 Speaker 3: The exploded right away. 378 00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:55,200 Speaker 1: No, if he doesn't exist anymore, then boom, he just 379 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:57,520 Speaker 1: doesn't exist. It makes no sense. 380 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:00,359 Speaker 3: You're killing a childhood favorite here. 381 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:03,600 Speaker 1: It's a great movie, everybody. I love the movie, Go 382 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:05,560 Speaker 1: and watch it. I showed it to my kids. They 383 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:08,480 Speaker 1: loved it. But from a time perspective, it just makes 384 00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:11,359 Speaker 1: no sense. And that's the part that drives me bonkers. 385 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:15,280 Speaker 3: Effect Like, I can imagine you join it to your kids. Okay, 386 00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:17,240 Speaker 3: the movie ended, then you whip out of Sharper and 387 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:19,320 Speaker 3: then launch it to it when I would like sure 388 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:22,600 Speaker 3: of how this movie was bunker All right, kids, I 389 00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 3: hope you enjoyed that. It's all wrong. Well, in comparison, 390 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,440 Speaker 3: let's compare this now to other ways in which other 391 00:19:28,520 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 3: movies have sort of tried to get around this impossibility 392 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,960 Speaker 3: of time travel. So what are other ways movies tried? 393 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,440 Speaker 1: So other ways people do it is to imagine one 394 00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:40,720 Speaker 1: consistent universe where you go back in time and then 395 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:44,080 Speaker 1: do you change the future. But the future has already 396 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:46,440 Speaker 1: been affected by your going back in time. 397 00:19:47,040 --> 00:19:49,800 Speaker 3: It's just like you can't change the future. 398 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:53,960 Speaker 1: Well you can't. The past always can change the future. Right, 399 00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:56,840 Speaker 1: that's the way it works, right. Causality A causes b 400 00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:00,440 Speaker 1: you change A, it changes B. But in these stories 401 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:02,920 Speaker 1: they try to make it so that the future comes 402 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,280 Speaker 1: back to affect the past and that that past has 403 00:20:06,359 --> 00:20:09,080 Speaker 1: already even taken into account into the future. So an 404 00:20:09,119 --> 00:20:12,159 Speaker 1: example of that is the movie like Looper or Primer 405 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:13,000 Speaker 1: is sort of similar. 406 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:16,800 Speaker 3: Harry Potter is one of my favorite time travel movies, 407 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:20,000 Speaker 3: the third Harry Potters. Have you seen Harry Potter movies. Yeah, 408 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,960 Speaker 3: he goes back in time and tries to change but 409 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:25,600 Speaker 3: it turns out he was there all along. 410 00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:30,959 Speaker 1: That's right, he was there all along and anyways, that's right, 411 00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:33,880 Speaker 1: And so they avoid the split universe thing right where 412 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:36,680 Speaker 1: it happens one way once then happens another way later, 413 00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:39,160 Speaker 1: and that makes any sense for it happened later. We're 414 00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:42,160 Speaker 1: talking about time travel, right, And so in the Harry 415 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:45,200 Speaker 1: Potter example, he loops back and he's there. There's sort 416 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:47,600 Speaker 1: of two of him for a way, right, here's the 417 00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:49,920 Speaker 1: one that's come back to change this and the one 418 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:53,639 Speaker 1: the original one to the A version and the B version. 419 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,120 Speaker 1: And so the way they try to avoid that any 420 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:01,160 Speaker 1: inconsistencies there is that the second time through, when he's 421 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:04,480 Speaker 1: looped back and he's observing the same events from now, 422 00:21:04,920 --> 00:21:08,760 Speaker 1: having already seen it once, he somehow feels obligated to 423 00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:12,879 Speaker 1: follow the rules, right because he could break them. If 424 00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:16,440 Speaker 1: Harry goes back in time and doesn't save his life, 425 00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:20,720 Speaker 1: what would happen, Well, we don't know, right, because then 426 00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: he would die, and then he wouldn't be there in 427 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:26,120 Speaker 1: the future to come back, and and and he wouldn't 428 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:28,600 Speaker 1: be there anymore. Right, would he would blow up the universe? 429 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:32,320 Speaker 1: It suddenly wouldn't make sense logically. So if he saves him, 430 00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:35,480 Speaker 1: if future Harry saves him and then he becomes future 431 00:21:35,480 --> 00:21:38,800 Speaker 1: Harry and doesn't save himself, is all logically inconsistency. 432 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:41,600 Speaker 3: I mean, that's a separate question of like is there 433 00:21:41,720 --> 00:21:44,200 Speaker 3: free will in the universe and all that? But you know, 434 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:46,520 Speaker 3: I feel like that's separate conversation. 435 00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:51,040 Speaker 1: No, that's totally connected because it doesn't cause and effect. Right, 436 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:52,760 Speaker 1: we have the freedom, We have the free will to 437 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:55,439 Speaker 1: change causes. That's how we have an effect on the future. 438 00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:58,040 Speaker 3: Oh my goodness, Well, we could watch the whole thing 439 00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:01,359 Speaker 3: about free will, but like as an idea of a 440 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:05,719 Speaker 3: single timeline in which the future in which the present 441 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 3: already took into account, you going back in time? What's 442 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:10,600 Speaker 3: wrong with that idea. 443 00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:13,560 Speaker 1: From a physics point of view, everybody has to play nice, right, 444 00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:16,159 Speaker 1: so everybody has to agree we're going to follow this 445 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:18,560 Speaker 1: dance card and do exactly what we know we have 446 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:21,160 Speaker 1: to do to create the future that we came from. 447 00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:24,480 Speaker 1: It only works if there's a very tightly constructed loop 448 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:27,080 Speaker 1: there where the things you did in the past cause 449 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,760 Speaker 1: your future self exactly the person who then came back 450 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:30,720 Speaker 1: to the past, right. 451 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:34,359 Speaker 3: Right, that to happen. Well, you said that the way 452 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:36,840 Speaker 3: you said it has to be finally constructed, right, So 453 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:39,960 Speaker 3: exact writer is really good and finally constructed, then it's 454 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:41,919 Speaker 3: logically consistent, isn't it all? 455 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 1: Right, So there's two possibilities. Right. If you believe in 456 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:46,920 Speaker 1: free will, this is all bunk because there's no way 457 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:49,679 Speaker 1: to control what people do, and people have the options 458 00:22:49,720 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: to do whatever they like, including screwing up the future. 459 00:22:52,119 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: If you don't believe in free will, if you think 460 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:56,960 Speaker 1: that people are just a product of their experiences and 461 00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:00,440 Speaker 1: their situations, then there's still a problem. If you're a 462 00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:04,600 Speaker 1: brilliant writer, you're having to solve an enormously chaotic problem, right, 463 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:07,960 Speaker 1: which is somehow cause a pass to create a past 464 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:11,440 Speaker 1: which exquisitely causes the future, which will then come back 465 00:23:11,520 --> 00:23:14,399 Speaker 1: and cause that same past. Like even in the Harry 466 00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:16,879 Speaker 1: Potter example, he can't just decide what he's gonna do. 467 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:18,920 Speaker 1: He's got to follow away a dance card and to 468 00:23:19,119 --> 00:23:23,200 Speaker 1: be told exactly what to do. And other movies have 469 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,440 Speaker 1: the same idea. For example, one of my favorites that 470 00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:29,440 Speaker 1: I mentioned earlier, Primer. In Primer, they climb into a 471 00:23:29,520 --> 00:23:33,480 Speaker 1: box and the box moves them back in time, and 472 00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:36,359 Speaker 1: then they get out of the box, right, and they 473 00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:38,840 Speaker 1: then there's two of them, so there's two of them 474 00:23:39,040 --> 00:23:42,679 Speaker 1: that overlap in the same time period. So but before 475 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:44,640 Speaker 1: they get in the box, they have to isolate themselves 476 00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:47,080 Speaker 1: because there's two of them at the same time, one 477 00:23:47,119 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: of them has to isolate itself so that doesn't interact 478 00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:51,439 Speaker 1: and it doesn't do anything to mess up the future. 479 00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:54,200 Speaker 1: So the way they've handled it there is they've said, well, 480 00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:55,879 Speaker 1: one of them is going to be a good citizen. 481 00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:57,720 Speaker 1: It's going to go sit in a basement and not 482 00:23:57,880 --> 00:23:59,960 Speaker 1: interact and not create any time problem. 483 00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:00,560 Speaker 6: Right. 484 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:02,800 Speaker 1: And you see this a lot in time travel movies 485 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:05,200 Speaker 1: where they say they travel back in time and they say, oh, 486 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:07,960 Speaker 1: don't touch that or you can't kiss that girl because 487 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:11,200 Speaker 1: you'll cause a problem, right, Right, But it's impossible because 488 00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:13,880 Speaker 1: the world is so complicated and so interconnected that, as 489 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,880 Speaker 1: we were saying earlier, anything you do, even just being there, 490 00:24:17,119 --> 00:24:18,280 Speaker 1: is going to cause these problems. 491 00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:22,240 Speaker 3: Right over millions of years though, that's more likely, right, Yeah, 492 00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:25,200 Speaker 3: it's small changes over millions of years that's a problem. 493 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:27,639 Speaker 3: But you know, maybe like small change of a couple hours. 494 00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:29,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, you're right. If we destroy the universe in a 495 00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:32,000 Speaker 1: million years, who cares, right, as long as we get 496 00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:33,760 Speaker 1: to make money in the stock market. Okay, Yeah, I 497 00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:34,480 Speaker 1: see where you're going. 498 00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,440 Speaker 3: Well, this is a perfect point to take a break. 499 00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:44,360 Speaker 1: When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth 500 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:47,560 Speaker 1: or enjoy a rich spoonful of Greek yogurt, you're probably 501 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:51,680 Speaker 1: not thinking about the environmental impact of each and every bite. 502 00:24:51,760 --> 00:24:54,359 Speaker 1: But the people in the dairy industry are US. Dairy 503 00:24:54,440 --> 00:24:58,679 Speaker 1: has set themselves some ambitious sustainability goals, including being greenhouse 504 00:24:58,760 --> 00:25:01,840 Speaker 1: gas neutral by twenty That's why they're working hard every 505 00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:05,000 Speaker 1: day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, 506 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:08,520 Speaker 1: and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. Take water, for example, 507 00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,720 Speaker 1: most dairy farms reuse water up to four times. The 508 00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 1: same water cools the milk, cleans equipment, washes the barn, 509 00:25:15,119 --> 00:25:18,760 Speaker 1: and irrigates the crops. How is US Dairy tackling greenhouse gases? 510 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:21,879 Speaker 1: Many farms use anaerobic digestors that turn the methane from 511 00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:25,280 Speaker 1: maneuver into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and 512 00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:27,600 Speaker 1: electric cars. So the next time you grab a slice 513 00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:29,480 Speaker 1: of pizza or lick an ice cream cone, know that 514 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:32,200 Speaker 1: dairy farmers and processors around the country are using the 515 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:36,000 Speaker 1: latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient dense dairy 516 00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:38,760 Speaker 1: products we love with less of an impact. Visit us 517 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,280 Speaker 1: dairy dot com slash sustainability to learn more. 518 00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:45,600 Speaker 2: Our iHeartRadio MUSUC Festival, presented by Capital One coming back 519 00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:51,359 Speaker 2: to Las Vegas two nights, first on one stage, stream 520 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:55,920 Speaker 2: live only on weekend, full of superstar performances, never seen before, 521 00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:59,359 Speaker 2: collaborations at once in a lifetime artist moments you'll have 522 00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:03,000 Speaker 2: to see to believe. Tickets are all sale now at 523 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:04,520 Speaker 2: axcess dot com. 524 00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:06,760 Speaker 3: Don't miss He's Not Rocky. 525 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:24,680 Speaker 2: Un The New Kids on the Block, Paramore, Chaboozie, The 526 00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:33,320 Speaker 2: Black Crows, The Weekend, Thomas Rhett Victoria, Monette, My Mama, 527 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:37,200 Speaker 2: a special performance by Coldplays, Chris Martin and more. Okay, 528 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:40,960 Speaker 2: your tickets to be there now at Axcess dot com. 529 00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:46,760 Speaker 5: Parents, are you looking for a screen free, engaging way 530 00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:48,800 Speaker 5: to teach your kids the Bible, one that's easy to 531 00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:53,240 Speaker 5: understand and enjoyable for multiple ages. Kids Bible Stories Podcast 532 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:55,840 Speaker 5: is here to help. I created this for my own 533 00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:58,760 Speaker 5: children and it's now a favorite among thousands of families. 534 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 5: Kids love the vivid imagery, scriptures, and sound effects, while 535 00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:06,320 Speaker 5: parents appreciate the apply section for meaningful conversations. We have 536 00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:10,159 Speaker 5: hundreds and hundreds of beautiful episodes that bring the Bible 537 00:27:10,240 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 5: to life when you simply press play. It's a sound 538 00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:17,320 Speaker 5: and practical resource that walks alongside you as you teach 539 00:27:17,359 --> 00:27:20,919 Speaker 5: your kids. We want kids to see how incredible God's 540 00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:24,639 Speaker 5: word is in an engaging and memorable way with Kids 541 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:28,960 Speaker 5: Bible Stories Podcast. Listen to Kids Bible Stories Podcast on 542 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:32,920 Speaker 5: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 543 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:44,040 Speaker 3: Okay, so that those are two great devices. Multiple timelines, 544 00:27:44,440 --> 00:27:48,320 Speaker 3: one exquisitely constructed, logically consistent timeline in which there's no 545 00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:51,440 Speaker 3: free will. Are there any other ways that people do 546 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:52,280 Speaker 3: time travel. 547 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:55,800 Speaker 1: Well, there's a whole other approach which is trying to 548 00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:58,960 Speaker 1: think of time as a dimension of space, right, And 549 00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:00,920 Speaker 1: that's sort of the original idea we had earlier, like 550 00:28:01,400 --> 00:28:03,679 Speaker 1: why can't we move through time the way we move 551 00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:06,320 Speaker 1: through space. You see this in some movies, for example, 552 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:10,400 Speaker 1: very famously an Interstellar. I saw this movie. It involves 553 00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:14,000 Speaker 1: a guy going into a black hole, which has its 554 00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:16,399 Speaker 1: own problems we can talk about in another episode, but. 555 00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:21,800 Speaker 3: Imagine a whole episode just on how Interstellar has has problems. 556 00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:25,200 Speaker 1: And Interstellar a great movie. Lots of the physics is correct, 557 00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:28,040 Speaker 1: but this part of it is total is total gibberish. 558 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:30,560 Speaker 1: He goes inside of a black hole, and inside the 559 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,680 Speaker 1: black hole he can move through time as if it 560 00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:36,240 Speaker 1: was space. Like he could say, oh, I'm at this time. 561 00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:39,000 Speaker 1: I'm going to walk over to the left by ten feet. 562 00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:40,720 Speaker 1: That's going to take me back twenty years. 563 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:43,640 Speaker 3: And he needs like tesak right, like this kind of 564 00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:49,000 Speaker 3: like kletoscope type of reality, where like moving sideways moves 565 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,160 Speaker 3: you sideways backwards in time or something exactly. 566 00:28:52,600 --> 00:28:54,240 Speaker 1: And he uses that to talk to his daughter and 567 00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:56,320 Speaker 1: send her a message and give her the secret physics 568 00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:58,400 Speaker 1: that a knowledge. That means that they can get off 569 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:01,400 Speaker 1: the planet, et cetera, et cetera. Problem with that is 570 00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:05,320 Speaker 1: he's moving through time as if it was space, right, 571 00:29:05,520 --> 00:29:08,840 Speaker 1: So like he's here and then he was there. So 572 00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:12,120 Speaker 1: they they've created another dimension of time on top of it. Right, 573 00:29:12,320 --> 00:29:17,160 Speaker 1: what is moving through time mean? Moving is motion over time? 574 00:29:17,720 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: It just doesn't make any sense. And the reason is 575 00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:23,560 Speaker 1: that stories have time, right. Stories are a narrative. I'm 576 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:25,600 Speaker 1: sitting down, I'm telling you a story by the fire 577 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:28,640 Speaker 1: where cavemen. There's a narrative. It starts and it finishes. 578 00:29:28,880 --> 00:29:31,080 Speaker 1: It has to have time through it. So if you're 579 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:33,440 Speaker 1: going to create this new idea of time being able 580 00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:36,320 Speaker 1: to move through time like it was space, you can't 581 00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:39,480 Speaker 1: tell that story without adding another new dimension of time 582 00:29:39,560 --> 00:29:42,920 Speaker 1: to it. So an interstellar they create time as if 583 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:44,800 Speaker 1: it was a dimension of space. But then they bolt 584 00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:48,640 Speaker 1: on this new dimension of time without telling extra which 585 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,800 Speaker 1: doesn't make extra time movies story time. 586 00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:56,320 Speaker 3: Yeah, Well it's interesting that we can't like and that's 587 00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 3: kind of the magic of movies. Right, So you can 588 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,600 Speaker 3: make fantasies in store and books and stories, you can 589 00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:04,680 Speaker 3: like violate loss of physics and still somehow come out 590 00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:05,800 Speaker 3: with a fun story. 591 00:30:07,080 --> 00:30:10,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, absolutely absolutely, and and you know that that part 592 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:13,600 Speaker 1: of that movie is forgiven. I personally liked Interstillar a lot. 593 00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:15,240 Speaker 1: I thought it was a lot of fun. I rolled 594 00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:17,800 Speaker 1: my eyes and grew into that one scene, you know, 595 00:30:18,360 --> 00:30:18,920 Speaker 1: But I like. 596 00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:23,240 Speaker 3: At the theater and everyone's like, oh, and you're like grown. 597 00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,800 Speaker 1: I try to grow quietly and internally I save it 598 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:31,280 Speaker 1: for this. I save it for talking to you or 599 00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:33,280 Speaker 1: ball that resentment. 600 00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:37,280 Speaker 3: I remember I went to see Contact. You remember the 601 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:40,600 Speaker 3: movie Contact, of course love one of my favorite movies 602 00:30:40,720 --> 00:30:44,040 Speaker 3: of all time. It's about this woman who receives a 603 00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:47,400 Speaker 3: signal from space and she it's her search for like 604 00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:50,640 Speaker 3: what the meaning of life? And it's an amazing movie, 605 00:30:50,760 --> 00:30:51,760 Speaker 3: really great based. 606 00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:55,160 Speaker 1: On movie where the scientist is the hero, right right 607 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:57,840 Speaker 1: and evil scientists, not a bad scientist, not a mad scientist, 608 00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:00,880 Speaker 1: not a selfie crazy, selfish crazy sign but the hero. 609 00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:04,680 Speaker 3: Yeah, awesome movie. Go see. Robert simc Is directed it. 610 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:07,680 Speaker 3: But I happened to go to see that movie when 611 00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:12,239 Speaker 3: it first came out. With a bunch of signal processing PhDs. Uh, 612 00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:16,480 Speaker 3: like four of them. These are like Stanford PhDs and 613 00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:18,760 Speaker 3: like signal and then we came out and I was like, oh, 614 00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:21,160 Speaker 3: it was amazing, and they were just laughing at like 615 00:31:21,880 --> 00:31:24,360 Speaker 3: all the ways they try to boost the signal or 616 00:31:24,440 --> 00:31:27,600 Speaker 3: like let's invert the phase whatever, and they thought that 617 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:28,840 Speaker 3: was all bonkers. 618 00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:32,200 Speaker 1: It's probably like going to see It's like probably like 619 00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,040 Speaker 1: watching you know, CSI with a bunch of actual forensic 620 00:31:35,120 --> 00:31:39,440 Speaker 1: scientists enhance that image, you know. So, But I try 621 00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:41,240 Speaker 1: to be a good citizen in the movie theater, I 622 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:44,480 Speaker 1: grown internally and I try not to spoil everybody else's experience. 623 00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:50,840 Speaker 1: You keep it in, bottle it up exactly. Another one 624 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:54,000 Speaker 1: in that same category is the movie Arrival, which is 625 00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:56,840 Speaker 1: based on a short story called The Story of Your Life. 626 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:57,200 Speaker 4: Yeah. 627 00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:00,360 Speaker 1: I love that and it's a nice story. Yeah, it's 628 00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:03,400 Speaker 1: very well written. It's beautifully written, and it has the 629 00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:06,880 Speaker 1: same idea. Aliens come, and these aliens have a different 630 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:09,840 Speaker 1: perception of time. They can move through time as if 631 00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:12,560 Speaker 1: it was a dimension of space. And the cool thing 632 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:14,440 Speaker 1: is that the author has thought about what would that 633 00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:17,680 Speaker 1: mean for their language. So in the short story at 634 00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:20,640 Speaker 1: least and a little bit in the movie, it changes 635 00:32:20,720 --> 00:32:23,800 Speaker 1: the linguistics of the aliens, which makes it hard initially 636 00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:26,560 Speaker 1: for humans to figure out what they're doing, because they 637 00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:29,400 Speaker 1: write their sentences all at once, not like I'm starting 638 00:32:29,440 --> 00:32:31,440 Speaker 1: now and I'm ending there. They have this different kind 639 00:32:31,440 --> 00:32:32,160 Speaker 1: of language where. 640 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:34,160 Speaker 3: They take this consciousness. I think it is that the 641 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:39,440 Speaker 3: consciousness of the aliens are spread through time. Like their 642 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:43,120 Speaker 3: brains are spread through space. Their consciousness is spread through time, 643 00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:46,040 Speaker 3: and so they can reference facts from the future and 644 00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:49,640 Speaker 3: from the present and from the past. And that's cool. 645 00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:52,800 Speaker 3: But that breaks the causality thing, right, Like their consciousness 646 00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:56,480 Speaker 3: in the future can't possibly affect the consciousness in the past. 647 00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:59,200 Speaker 1: Right, there's that problem. But I don't even have to 648 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:03,040 Speaker 1: get into that. Take apart that movie, which is they 649 00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:05,320 Speaker 1: have this nice idea, but they don't even really follow 650 00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:08,240 Speaker 1: through because, for example, the aliens have a conversation with 651 00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:10,760 Speaker 1: us back and forth. I say this, you say that, 652 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:13,920 Speaker 1: I say this, You say that. A conversation has time 653 00:33:14,040 --> 00:33:16,280 Speaker 1: in it. Right, So if they were going to be 654 00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:18,360 Speaker 1: consistent about it, then there should just be one blobb 655 00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:20,840 Speaker 1: of a conversation. Here's everything I'm going to ever say 656 00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:23,400 Speaker 1: to you all at once, Right, there shouldn't be any 657 00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:25,560 Speaker 1: back and forth in their linguistic structure at all. 658 00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:28,320 Speaker 3: Well, there down to us, so that was the problem, right, 659 00:33:28,360 --> 00:33:30,320 Speaker 3: They needed to find out how to talk down to 660 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:34,680 Speaker 3: us humans who only thought it linearly forward. 661 00:33:35,280 --> 00:33:38,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, we're too stupid to understand their language, right, or 662 00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:40,600 Speaker 1: we're too stupid to find the potholes in this story. 663 00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:43,960 Speaker 1: It's the same idea that they want to liberate us 664 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: from time, because that's a really appealing idea. But they 665 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:48,840 Speaker 1: need to tell a story, and in the story, time 666 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:51,400 Speaker 1: has to move forward. There has to be dramatic elements. 667 00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:54,960 Speaker 3: Things distructure can't really affect something in the past, like 668 00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:58,640 Speaker 3: you can't reverse right, absolutely, all right, Well, I think 669 00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:02,920 Speaker 3: we're out of time, Daniel time. 670 00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:05,400 Speaker 1: Let's time travel back to the beginning this podcast. Do 671 00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:06,960 Speaker 1: it all over again and start over. 672 00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:10,840 Speaker 3: How do you know we didn't? Maybe we did this 673 00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:14,839 Speaker 3: future and time? Yeah, yeah, second thing. 674 00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:17,080 Speaker 1: We went back and we made this podcast so funny. 675 00:34:18,239 --> 00:34:20,440 Speaker 3: You should have seen the first time we recorded this 676 00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:23,279 Speaker 3: and the first time you listen to this podcast. Oh 677 00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:26,799 Speaker 3: my god, you're growning out loud like Daniel in the theater. 678 00:34:31,320 --> 00:34:33,120 Speaker 1: Do you have a question you wish we would cover. 679 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:35,400 Speaker 1: Send it to us. We'd love to hear from you. 680 00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:38,879 Speaker 1: You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 681 00:34:39,080 --> 00:34:42,960 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge one Word or email us to feedback 682 00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 1: at Danielandjorge dot com. When you pop a piece of 683 00:34:56,560 --> 00:34:58,880 Speaker 1: cheese into your mouth, you're probably not thinking about the 684 00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:02,279 Speaker 1: environmental impact. But the people in the dairy industry are. 685 00:35:02,640 --> 00:35:05,120 Speaker 1: That's why they're working hard every day to find new 686 00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:08,439 Speaker 1: ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down 687 00:35:08,560 --> 00:35:12,600 Speaker 1: greenhouse gas emissions. How is us dairy tackling greenhouse gases? 688 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:16,080 Speaker 1: Many farms use anaerobic digesters to turn the methane from 689 00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:20,000 Speaker 1: manure into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and 690 00:35:20,239 --> 00:35:24,000 Speaker 1: electric cars. Visit you as Dairy dot COM's Last Sustainability 691 00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:24,799 Speaker 1: to learn more. 692 00:35:25,480 --> 00:35:29,480 Speaker 2: Our iHeartRadio Music Festival Percentate by Capitol One Coming Back 693 00:35:29,560 --> 00:35:34,480 Speaker 2: to Las Vegas twenty first, a weekend full of superstar performances. 694 00:35:34,719 --> 00:35:39,480 Speaker 2: They Sat Rocky makes Sean, Camila, kavel Tojik Julia, What's 695 00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:44,560 Speaker 2: the Fun, Holier, Keith Urban, New Kids on the Block, Paramore, Chaboozi, 696 00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:49,040 Speaker 2: The Black Crows, The Weekend, Thomas Red Victoria, Monette, Coldplace, 697 00:35:49,120 --> 00:35:52,400 Speaker 2: Chris Martin, and more. Stream live only on Hulu and 698 00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:55,200 Speaker 2: get tickets to be there at ass dot com. 699 00:35:56,640 --> 00:36:00,239 Speaker 6: Hi, I'm David Eagleman from the podcast Inner Cosmos, which 700 00:36:00,239 --> 00:36:02,080 Speaker 6: recently hit the number one science. 701 00:36:01,840 --> 00:36:02,880 Speaker 1: Podcast in America. 702 00:36:03,160 --> 00:36:06,960 Speaker 6: I'man neuroscientists at Stanford and I've spent my career exploring 703 00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:10,280 Speaker 6: the three pound universe in our heads. Join me weekly 704 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:12,520 Speaker 6: to explore the relationship. 705 00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:13,720 Speaker 3: Between your brain and your life. 706 00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:17,160 Speaker 1: Because the more we know about what's running under the hood. 707 00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:19,240 Speaker 4: Better we can steer our lives. 708 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:22,960 Speaker 6: Listen to Inner Cosmos with Savid Eagleman on the iHeartRadio app, 709 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,879 Speaker 6: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.